Dual-Stack IP Youn-Hee Han Korea University of Technology and Education Internet Computing Laboratory2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Outline Web 2.0 and IPv6 PMIPv6s Dual-Stack Support (DS-PMIP) Network Cognition in DS-PMIP Part 1: Subnet Model Part 2: Multihoming & Vertical Handover Determination Conclusions & Discussion 2/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Web 2.0 and IPv6 3/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN) 4/40 Most conservative access model changes introducing Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN) Access Concentrator Internet Global v4 address CPE With NAT Global v4 address End Host Private v4 address FTTH ADSL Access Concentrator With NAT Internet Global v4 address CPE With NAT Private IPv4 address End Host Private v4 address Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 CGNs Limitation 5/40 CGN looks v6 is not needed? No. CGN has serious restrictions. IPv6 is needed ! Each customer can have only some limited numbers of sessions simultaneously. port number is just 2bytes which means 64K For example, if 2000 customer shares same Global IPv4 address (please note that this is just for example), only 25 or 30 so sessions can be used by each customer at the worst case. Which means that: 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 CGNs Limitation - Web 2.0 and IPv6 6/40 Max 30 ConnectionsMax 20 Connections Max 15 ConnectionsMax 10 Connections Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Ajax web application Web 2.0 Applications Operation Browser UI: server-side server processing Ajax: time UI Other data (e.g. images) HTML / CSS data XML data JavaScript Code the Ajax Engine XMLHttpRequest() HTML rendering engine JavaScript Engine data stores backend etc. web server browser server-side systems request html + css + xml data mgmt Desktop UI session management concurrent sessions 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 20087/40 Web 2.0 and IPv6 8/40 Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) Examples of # of concurrent sessions of web 2.0 sites AJAX applications of Web 2.0 break behind NAT Too many connections exhaust public IP port space Webpage# of sessions No operation 5 10 Yahoo top page 10 20 Google image search 30 60 Nico Nico Douga 50 80 OCN photo friend170 200+ iTunes 230 270 iGoogle 80 100 Rakuten 50 60 Amazon90 HMV100 YouTube90 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 PMIPv6s Dual-Stack Support (DS-PMIP) 9/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 PMIPv6 Overview LMM (Localized Mobility Management) Domain MAG LMA Proxy Binding Update/Ack. (PBU/PBA) Control message sent by MAG to LMA to establish a binding between MN-HoA and Proxy-CoA Home Network Proxy Care of Address (Proxy-CoA) The address of MAG That will be the tunnel end-point IP Tunnel IP-in-IP tunnel between LMA and MAG MAG LMA: Localized Mobility Agent MAG: Mobile Access Gateway LMA Address (LMAA) MN Home Address (MN-HoA) MN continues to use it as long as it roams within a same domain That will be the tunnel entry-point MNs Home Network (Topological Anchor Point) MNs Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP) CAFE:2:/64 movement 10/40 RFC nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 IPv4 Support for PMIPv6 Two functions supported IPv4 Transport Network Support IPv4 Home Address Mobility The new WG draft for IPv4 support for PMIPv6 R. Wakikawa (Toyota ITC) and S. Gundavelli (Cisco), IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6, draft-ietf-netlmm-pmip6-ipv4-support-04.txt, July 14, /40 + RFC 5213 = DS-PMIP 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 DS-PMIP IP Transport Network Heterogeneity IPv6/IPv4/Private IPv4 Transport Network Support Expected Mobility Scenarios Cellular IP network AAA WLAN IP Network WiBro IP Network RAS LTE BS WLAN AP IPv4 IPv6 Private IPv4 NAT LMA MN 12/40 MAG 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 DS-PMIP (1/2) IPv6 Home Address Mobility Expected Mobility Scenarios Cellular IP network WLAN IP Network WiBro IP Network RAS LTE BS WLAN AP IPv4 IPv6 Private IPv4 NAT AAA LMA IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 Application (VoD, IP-Phone) MN 13/40 MAG IPv6 Application (VoD, IP-Phone) 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 DS-PMIP (2/2) IPv4 Home Address Mobility Expected Mobility Scenarios Cellular IP network WLAN IP Network WiBro IP Network RAS LTE BS WLAN AP IPv4 IPv6 NAT AAA DSMIPv6 HA IPv4 IPv6 IPv4 Application (VoD) IPv6 Application (IP-Phone) 14/40 MAG Private IPv4 MN IPv4 Application (VoD) IPv6 Application (IP-Phone) 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 6-in- udp-in-4 Tunnel 4-in- udp-in-4 Tunnel 6-in-4 Tunnel 4-in-4 Tunnel MAG LMA LMA ( : IPv6 HoA & IPv4 HoA IPv4 or IPv6 Proxy-CoA ) MAG IPv4- UDP- IPv6- PBU IPv4- UDP- IPv6- PBAck 6-in-6 Tunnel 4-in-6 Tunnel MAG IPv6- PBU IPv6- PBAck NAT MN IPv6 MN IPv4 MN Private IPv4 IPv4- UDP- IPv6- PBU IPv4- UDP- IPv6- PBAck 15/40 Signaling & Tunneling in DS-PMIP 2 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 DS-PMIP IPv6 HoA IPv4 HoA IPv6 & IPv4 HoA MAG-LMA IPv6 Transport [PBU ] : IPv6 [PBU ] : [PBA ] : [ ] : 6-in-6 [PBU ] : IPv6 [PBU ] : IPv4 HoA option [PBA ] : IPv4 Address Ack. Option [ ] : 4-in-6 [PBU ] : IPv6 [PBU ] : IPv4 HoA option [PBA ] : IPv4 Address Ack. Option [ ] : 6-in-6, 4-in-6 MAG-LMA IPv4 Transport [PBU ] : IPv4-UDP [PBU ] : IPv4 CoA option [PBA ] : NAT Detection option [ ] : 6-in-4 [PBU ] : IPv4-UDP [PBU ] : IPv4 HoA option : IPv4 CoA option [PBA ] : IPv4 Address Ack. Option : NAT Detection option [ ] : 4-in-4 [PBU ] : IPv4-UDP [PBU ] : IPv4 HoA option : IPv4 CoA option [PBA ] : IPv4 Address Ack. Option : NAT Detection option [ ] : 6-in-4, 6-in-4 MAG-LMA Private IPv4 Transport [PBU ] : IPv4-UDP [PBU ] : IPv4 CoA option [PBA ] : NAT Detection option [ ] : 6-in-udp-in-4 [PBU ] : IPv4-UDP [PBU ] : IPv4 HoA option : IPv4 CoA option [PBA ] : IPv4 Address Ack. Option : NAT Detection option [ ] : 4-in-udp-in-4 [PBU ] : IPv4-UDP [PBU ] : IPv4 HoA option : IPv4 CoA option [PBA ] : IPv4 Address Ack. Option : NAT Detection option [ ] : 6-in-udp-in-4, 4-in-udp-in-4 DS-PMIP (2007, 2008) MN has Dual Stack and both addresses are always enabled In ETRI SSID: PMIP1 SSID: PMIP2 SSID: PMIP3 MAG1 ra0) ffe:1:1::1/64 fe80::1 eth0) 3ffe:1::2/64 MAG2 ra0) ffe:1:2::1/64 fe80::1 eth0) ra0) ffe:1:3::1/64 fe80::1 eth0) V6 network V4 network : v6 VoD Client : v4 VoD Client LMA CN NAT eth0) ffe:1::1/64 eth1) ffe:2::1/64 eth0) ffe:2::2/64 V4/V6 network Private V4 network MAG3 LMA MN Prefix Pool 3ffe:1:3:1::/64 ~ 3ffe:1:3:ffff::/64 17/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 v4/v6 VoD Server DS-PMIP in only Private IPv4 Network and IPv4 App. (2007) In KT LMA (PC0) VoD (PC4) Subnet 4 NAT1 NAT2 MAG1 (PC1) MAG2 (PC2) Subnet 1Subnet 2 MAG3 (PC3) Subnet 3 Notebook1Notebook2Notebook g802.11a /402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Network Cognition in DS-PMIP Part 1: Subnet Model 19/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Definitions (RFC 4903, June 2007) Link a topological area of an IP network delimited by routers. Subnet a topological area of an IP network that uses the same unsubdivided address prefix. The consensus in IETF A link with multiple subnet prefix: YES A subnet with multiple links (Multi-link Subnet): NO ONE SUBNET SPANS ONLY ONE LINK However The design of NETLMM would lay a single subnet on the entire NETLMM domain. Subnet and Link 20/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Two Contradictory Constraints MNs subnet does not change when the MN moves in domain (MNs subnet spans on the entire NetLMM Domain) MNs subnet does not span more than one link. NetLMM Subnet Model MNs subnet has to follow the movements of the MN. Per-MN Subnet MAG LMA MN MAG LMA MN MAG MN ? Subnet PBA (Home Network Prefix #1) RA (Home Network Prefix #1) 21/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Network Cognition in DS-PMIP Part 2: Multihoming & Vertical Handover Support 22/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 List of PBU Options PBU Options Mandatory Options MN-ID: MN-NAI Home Network Prefix (HNP) Handoff Indicator (HI) Access Technology Type (ATT) Additional Options MN-LL (Link-layer)-ID Link-local Address (of MAG) Timestamp They are used when MAG/LMA support Multihoming & Horizontal/Vertical Handover 23/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 How MAG determines HNP Option Values? Home Network Prefix (HNP) option NON_ZERO (Pre-assigned HNP): Binding Refreshment ALL_ZERO: Initial Attachment / Handoff MAG LMA MN PBU (HNP=ALL_ZERO) MAG LMA MN PBU (HNP=ALL_ZERO) MAG LMA MN MAG ! ( ) ! Binding Lifetime . PBU (HNP=HNP #1) 24/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 How MAG determines ATT Option Values? Access Technology Type (ATT) option 1: Virtual 2: PPP (3GPP/3GPP2) 3: IEEE : IEEE a/b/g 5: IEEE e MAC must knows the ATT by which MN is currently attached How to now? link-specific methods manual setting or other methods MAG LMA PBU (ATT=5) MAG MN WiBro ATT is IEEE e !!! 25/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 How MAG determines MN-LL-ID Option Values? MN-Link Layer (LL)-ID option E.g., IEEE 802 MAC Address If MAG can know MN-LL-ID, it must insert it into PBU (Recommended) If MAG cannot know MN-LL-ID, it must not insert it into PBU How to now? link-specific methods or other methods MN-LL-ID is used to determine the handoff state MAG LMA PBU (MN-LL-option=XXX) MAG MN WiBro (IEEE 802 MAC: XXX) 3G IEEE 802 MAC: XXX 26/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 How MAG determines HI Option Values? Handoff Indicator (HI) option 1: Attachment over a new interface 2: Handoff between two different interfaces of the MN 3: Handoff between MAGs for the same interface 4: Handoff state unknown 5: Handoff state not change (Binding Refresh) WiBro MAG LMA PBU (HI=1) MAG 3G MN 3GWiBro MAG LMA PBU (HI=1) MAG MN 3GWiBro 3G ! ! 27/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 How MAG determines HI Option Values? Handoff Indicator (HI) option 1: Attachment over a new interface 2: Handoff between two different interfaces of the MN 3: Handoff between MAGs for the same interface 4: Handoff state unknown 5: Handoff state not change (Binding Refresh) WiBro MAG LMA PBU (HI=2) MAG 3G MN 3GWiBro MAG LMA PBU (HI=1) MAG MN WiBro 3G ? Vertical ! 28/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 How MAG determines HI Option Values? Handoff Indicator (HI) option 1: Attachment over a new interface 2: Handoff between two different interfaces of the MN 3: Handoff between MAGs for the same interface 4: Handoff state unknown 5: Handoff state not change (Binding Refresh) WiBro MAG LMA PBU (HI=3) MAG WiBro MAG LMA PBU (HI=1) MAG MN WiBro 3G MN WiBro3G ? Horizontal ! 29/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 How MAG determines HI Option Values? Handoff Indicator (HI) option 1: Attachment over a new interface 2: Handoff between two different interfaces of the MN 3: Handoff between MAGs for the same interface 4: Handoff state unknown 5: Handoff state not change (Binding Refresh) WiBro MAG LMA PBU (HI=4) MAG WiBro MAG LMA PBU (HI=1) MAG MN WiBro 3G MN WiBro3G ??? 30/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 How MAG determines HI Option Values? Handoff Indicator (HI) option 1: Attachment over a new interface 2: Handoff between two different interfaces of the MN 3: Handoff between MAGs for the same interface 4: Handoff state unknown 5: Handoff state not change (Binding Refresh) MAG LMA PBU (HI=1) MAG MN WiBro 3G Binding Lifetime . MAG LMA PBU (HI=5) MAG MN WiBro 3G 31/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 How MAG determines HI Option Values? How to know the value of Handoff Indicator (HI) option? [Case1] Link-specific Method [Case2] Context Transfer between MAGs [Case3] New Signaling Interface between MN and MAG MN sends the exact indication to MAG MNs Layer 2 or 3 modification needed MAG LMA MAG MN MAG LMA MAG MN Context Transfer [Case2] New Signaling [Case3] MAG LMA MAG MN [Case1] Link-specific Method 32/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 LMAs Policy LMAs Procedure when it receives PBU (1/3) HNP=ALL_ZERO ? [MN-ID & ATT & MN-LL-ID] matches in BCE ? YES ( or ) New BCE Entry Creation & New HNP ( Mobility Session ) The Existing BCE Entry Update ( Mobility Session ) NO MN-LL-ID exist in PBU? YES NO ( ) NO Initial Attachment Handoff ? MN-ID matches in BCE & HI=2 ? (Scenario 1) Vertical Handoff (Scenario 3) Horizontal Handoff (Scenario 2) 33/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 LMAs Policy LMAs Procedure when it receives PBU (2/3) HNP=ALL_ZERO ? YES ( or ) New BCE Entry Creation & New HNP ( Mobility Session ) The Existing BCE Entry Update ( Mobility Session ) MN-LL-ID exist in PBU? YES NO ( ) NO MN-ID matches in BCE & HI=2 or HI=3 ? YES NO Initial Attachment Handoff 34/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 LMAs Policy LMAs Procedure when it receives PBU (3/3) HNP=ALL_ZERO ? HNP and MN-ID matches in BCE ? NO ( ) NO New BCE Entry Creation & New HNP ( Mobility Session ) Lifetime Update in the Exiting BCE Entry YES YES ( or ) Initial Attachment Binding Refreshment Binding Refreshment (Scenario 4) 35/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Procedure Summary Scenario 1: Initial Attachment (and Multihoming) LMA creates a new BCE entry LMA allocates a new HNP LMA manages a new different session WiBro MAG LMA MAG 3G MN MAG LMA PBU (MN-ID=MN, HNP=ALL_ZERO, HI=1, ATT=5, MN-LL-ID=XXX) MAG MN 3G (LL-ID: YYY) WiBro (IEEE 802 MAC: XXX) WiBro3G PBA (HNP=HNP#1) RA (Prefix=HNP#1) HNP#1 PBU (MN-ID=MN, HNP=ALL_ZERO, HI=1, ATT=2, MN-LL-ID=YYY) PBA (HNP=HNP#2) RA (Prefix=HNP#2) HNP#1HNP#2 3G (LL-ID: YYY) WiBro (IEEE 802 MAC: XXX) HNP MN- ID CoAATT MN-LL- ID HNP #1 MN Proxy -CoA1 5XXX HNP MN- ID CoAATT MN-LL- ID HNP #1 MN Proxy -CoA1 5XXX HNP #2 MN Proxy -CoA2 2YYY 36/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Procedure Summary Scenario 2: Horizontal Handoff LMA updates the existing BCE entry LMA allocates the same HNP LMA keeps the existing session WiBro MAG LMA MAG LMA MAG WiBro PBA (HNP=HNP#1) RA (Prefix=HNP#1) PBU (MN-ID=MN, HNP=ALL_ZERO, HI=1, ATT=5, MN-LL-ID=XXX) PBU (MN-ID=MN, HNP=ALL_ZERO, HI=3, ATT=5, MN-LL-ID=XXX) WiBro MN 3G (LL-ID: YYY) WiBro (IEEE 802 MAC: XXX) HNP#1 WiBro MN 3G (LL-ID: YYY) WiBro (IEEE 802 MAC: XXX) HNP#1 RA (Prefix=HNP#1) HNP MN- ID CoAATT MN-LL- ID HNP #1 MN Proxy -CoA1 5XXX HNP MN- ID CoAATT MN-LL- ID HNP #1 MN Proxy -CoA2 5XXX 37/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Procedure Summary Scenario 3: Vertical Handoff LMA updates the existing BCE entry LMA allocates the same HNP LMA keeps the existing session WiBro MAG LMA MAG 3G MN 3G (LL-ID: YYY) WiBro (IEEE 802 MAC: XXX) MAG LMA MAG MN 3G (LL-ID: YYY) WiBro (IEEE 802 MAC: XXX) WiBro3G PBA (HNP=HNP#1) HNP#1 PBA (HNP=HNP#1) RA (Prefix=HNP#1) HNP#1 PBU (MN-ID=MN, HNP=ALL_ZERO, HI=1, ATT=5, MN-LL-ID=XXX) PBU (MN-ID=MN, HNP=ALL_ZERO, HI=2, ATT=2, MN-LL-ID=YYY) RA (Prefix=HNP#1) HNP MN- ID CoAATT MN-LL- ID HNP #1 MN Proxy -CoA1 5XXX HNP MN- ID CoAATT MN-LL- ID HNP #1 MN Proxy -CoA2 2YYY 38/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 Procedure Summary Scenario 4: Binding Refreshment LMA updates lifetime of the existing BCE entry LMA keeps the existing session MAG LMA MAG MN 3G (LL-ID: YYY) WiBro (IEEE 802 MAC: XXX) WiBro3G PBA (HNP=HNP#1) HNP#1 PBU (MN-ID=MN, HNP=ALL_ZERO, HI=1, ATT=5, MN-LL-ID=XXX) RA (Prefix=HNP#1) HNP MN- ID CoAATT MN-LL- ID HNP #1 MN Proxy -CoA1 5XXX MAG LMA MAG MN 3G (LL-ID: YYY) WiBro (IEEE 802 MAC: XXX) WiBro3G PBA (HNP=HNP#1) HNP#1 PBU (MN-ID=MN, HNP=HNP#1, HI=5, ATT=5, MN-LL-ID=XXX) RA (Prefix=HNP#1) HNP MN- ID CoAATT MN-LL- ID HNP #1 MN Proxy -CoA1 5XXX 39/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008 IPv4 and NAT is limited! Web 2.0 & IPv6 DS-PMIP (Dual-Stack Proxy Mobile IPv6) IPv4/v6 Transport Network Heterogeneity IPv4/v6 Home Address Mobility Network Cognition in DS-PMIP Subnet Model Multihoming & Vertical Handover Determination DS-PMIPs Network Cognition Behavior is one of early examples of future Cognitive Networks Conclusions 40/402 nd IPv6 Forum Korea Workshop 2008