课标人教实验版高二 Module 8

Unit 5

Grammar Grammar

The Present Perfect Tense

现在完成时 : 基本用法 现在完成时表结果 , 他的动作发生在过

去 , 但是对现在有影响 , 而这种影响却往往是说话人的兴趣所在。现在完成时跨越两个时间 , 一个是过去 , 另一个是现在。

Lead-in

e.g. 我从 1975 年起就学英语。 I have studied English since 1975.

自 12 世纪以来 , 中国就使用彩色印刷了。 They have done color printing in

China since the 12th century.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

现在完成进行时 : 基本用法 1) 强调时间的持续性。如： 电话响了差不多一分钟 , 为什么没人接 ?

The telephone has been ringing for al

most a minute. Why doesn’t someone ans

wer it?

2) 表重复。叙述从过去某时到现在或最近已在重复的动作。如：

最近天气变化无常 , 我时常感冒。 The weather has been changeable late

ly; I’ve been having a lot of colds.

3) 有感情色彩。如： 今天真是一个多事之日。 Too much has been happening today.

现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较 :

A. 未完结性 I’ve cleaned the windows.

我把窗户擦干净了。 I’ve been cleaning the windows.

我擦窗户来着。 ( 可能窗户尚未擦完 )

B. 短暂性 现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可以表

示延续至今的状态 , 但完成进行是常表示短暂性。

A. They have lived in New York.

B. They have been living in New

York.

句 A 具有长期性 , 而句 B 具有短暂性。

C. 刚完结性 与现在完成时相比 , 现在完成进行时有时

可以表示刚刚完结的动作。有时它是现在事件的直接原因 , 或者是得出结论的证据。如 :

我的手很脏 , 我在油汽车来着。 My hands are dirty. I’ve been paintin

g the car. 你的眼睛又红又肿 , 你是不是哭来着？ Your eyes are red and puffy. Have yo

u been crying?

D. 连续性或重复性 现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今

的连续性或重复性动作。如： Jim have been phoning Jenny every

night for the several month.

All these days he has been writing ar

ticles to our magazine.

结论 : 现在完成进行时主要用于表示 A. 过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作。 B. 过去开始 , 现在刚刚停止的动作。 C. 现在看到其直接结果的动作。 现在完成时主要用于表示已经完成的

动作及其与现在的关系。

In pairs, take turns to read the

statement and turn it into a question using

the present perfect continuous tense. The

words in brackets may help you. (P41)

e.g. S1: Mrs. Smith learned to drive

three years ago. (how long)

S2: How long have you been

driving, Mrs. Smith?

1. Sam has just finished learning to fly

an airplane on a six-month course. (how

long)

How long have you been learning to

fly an airplane, Sam?

2. He swam till he felt very tired. He has

just stepped out of the swimming pool.

(how long)

How long have you been swimming?

3. Sally and Zhou Xin have been busy

all day. (what)

What have you been doing, Sally and

Zhou Xin?

4. They have argued with each other

for years about the best way to grow

potatoes. (what)

What have you been arguing about

for years?

5. Jiao Yang uses a particular kind of

washing powder and his clothes have

always been clean and soft. (what)

Jiao Yang, what kind of washing

powder have you been using that

makes your clothes so clean and soft?

XP: What have you been doing?

PR:

XP: Where did you go for your holiday?

PR:

I've been out of the country for

several months resting between films.

To the Maldives. They are a beautiful

set of small islands where one can

swim, dive, observe the fish and

examine the coral reefs.

Ex.3 (P41)

XP: I see. So what arrangements have

you made for your next films?

PR:

XP: What is your next film about?

PR:

I've planned one for this spring and

another for the autumn.

It's a love story with Julia Roberts,

sailing in a boat and searching for

treasure.

XP: That sounds good. When and

where will you film it?

PR:

XP: I'm sure your fans will love that.

Why have you been so private?

PR:

It'll be filmed in Hawaii and we'll

begin in March.

I'm fed up with all the attention. It

has also been difficult for my wife.

XP: That is understood. Thank you so

much for your time.

PR: My pleasure.

So now and then we plan a little

time away by ourselves. Oh, I’ve

got to go now. Sorry!

Consolidation

1. —— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

—— I'm tired. I ___ in the living room

all day.

A. painted

B. had painted

C. have been painting

D. have painted

2. — There is so much snow these days,

isn't there?

— Yes, it ____ for a few days.

A. was snowing

B. has been snowing

C. had been snowing

D. snowed

3. Although these scientists ____ on the

project for nearly four years, I don't

know how long it will last.

A. have been working

B. had worked

C. were working

D. are working

4. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ____

going back to school, but she hasn't

decided yet.

A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider

5. The little boy is dirty from head to foot

because he ___ in the mud all morning.

A. has played

B. is playing

C. has been playing

D. was playing

6. I ___ my work by the time the teacher

____ back.

A. was finished.., came

B. shall have finished.., comes

C. had finished.., comes

D. have finished.., will come

7. I ___ to see the film last week because

I ___ it twice.

A. didn't go... had seen

B. don't go... have seen

C. hadn't go... had seen

D. didn't go... have seen

9. I'll phone you if she ___ this evening. In fact she didn't tell me if she___.

A. would come.., will come B. will come.., came C. comes.., would come D. come.., came

8. Who do you guess ___ where I ___ just now? A. lie.., lay B. is lying.., lay C. lies.., lain D. lied.., laid

10. I ____ into the bus when I ___ a girl

call my name.

A. had hardly got..., hear

B. had hardly got..., heard

C. was no sooner setting..., heard

D. did hardly get..., had heard

1. A: --- I am sorry I _________ (keep) you waiting so long. B: --- It is all right. I ________________ (read) the newspapers. 2. The CCTV ____________________

(broadcast) English programmers ever since 1977.

用现在完成时和完成进行填空 :

have kept

have been reading

has been broadcasting

3. You _______ (feel) better when you

__________ (take) the medicine.

4. She said we __________ (may keep) the

book as long as we _____ (like).

5. Please wake me up if I ___ still _______

(sleep) when you _____ (come).

6. My sister ________________ (learn)

English since she ____ (be) a child. She

______ (speak) English fluently now.

will feelhave taken

might keep

liked

am sleeping

come

has been learning

wasspeaks

7. My uncle ________ (come) to see us.

He _______ (arrive) here a few days ago.

I _________ (start) for Sydney

tomorrow morning.

8. He _____ (break) his glasses when he

___________ (play) in a football match.

has come

arrived

will start

broke

was playing

1. Learn useful words and expressions

by heart and practice them.

2. Finish Ex. 1 and 2 on pages 40, 79

and 80.

Homework

1. Davidson Black was a Canadian

doctor who helped develop the

__________ that led to the discovery of

the bones in the Zhoukoudian Caves,

near Beijing. He was a specialist in the

study of bones and found it challenging

to search for and _______ bones of

techniques

identify

Learning about Language (P40)

early peoples. As his university was

______ of the significance of his work,

they give him ______ free time to do this

research. But later they felt his

behavior was not __________. When he

should have been teaching, he was often

away. As a result, they forbade him to

travel there anymore . So it was his

aware

ample

reasonable

assistant, Pei Wenzhong, who made the

discovery of these ________ bones and

_________ stone tools. Somehow he

cycled thirty _____ from the site to

show them to Dr Black. The scientist

________ that this discovery would

change the way people thought about

early people in China. He knew that his

primitive

sharpened

miles

assumed

success was almost _______ due to his

assistant’s systematic hard work.

entirely

1) Dr Davidson _______________ Mr.

Pei because of his talent and hard work.

2) Every mother has the right to live

with her child, ____________ her social

position.

regardless of in spite of

think of think highly/ little of

thought highly of

2. Fill in the blanks, using the phrases

containing of below:

regardless of

3. _________ the strong wind, the mot

her bird flew off to find food.

4. She frequently ________ Sophie, the

child she lost during the war.

5. The boss ______________ Sally’s su

ggestion. As a result, his company lost

￡ 3,000,000 that year.

In spite of

thinks of

thought little of

archaeology reasonable formal

systematic applaud primitive technique

regardless excavation assume

Using Words and Expressions (P79--80)

1. I am learning to be an archaeologist.

I know the study of ___________ is

very __________. First you have to

learn the _________ of removing the

earth carefully so that you don't spoil

any finds. We were given _______

lessons in a group on the right and

wrong way to remove earth. I had

archaeology

systematic

technique

formal

________ that this would be easy but it

was more complicated than it looked.

Last summer I went on my first

__________ . We were digging a Roman

house in the middle of a former Roman

town.

We discovered some very important

________ tools in this house. They were

assumed

excavation

primitive

like the tools we use today. I suppose it

is __________ to say that our tools

developed from theirs. We worked

every day _________ of the weather.

Even when it rained, we sorted and

cleaned the finds. When we finished

working there a month later, we were

_________ for our commitment to find

out more about the past.

reasonable

regardless

applauded

1) When I __________ to that special

day, I am filled with excitement and

wonder.

2) I had to _________ my studies now

and then, but in the end I completed my

course and gained my degree.

tentative relieve ample interrupt affection look ahead

2.

look ahead

interrupt

3. There were ______ opportunities for

me to meet the pop group because they

lived in our apartment block.

4. She felt very ________ as she drove

her car for the first time on the road.

5. Mary's ________ for her

grandparents is obvious.

ample

tentative

affection

6. Sam felt _______ when the doctors

arrived because the accident was such

a serious one.

relieved