高三语法复习名词性从句 (noun clause)

名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，

其关联词有 :

连接词 that, if, whether;

疑问代词 who,whoever,whom, what,whatever, which,whose

和疑问副词 when,where, how, why 等。

1.We heard the news that our team had won.

2.My worry is whether they will arrive on time.

3.What he wants is a book.

4.How he was successful is still a puzzle.

5.Why he has come to New York is a story of struggle and success.

6.I don’t know who broke the glass yesterday.

7.Could you tell me where he lives?

8.We are worried about whether he is safe.

9.This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

同位语从句

表语从句主语从句

主语从句

主语从句

宾语从句宾语从句

介宾从句表语从句

1. 主语从句主语从句在句中作主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前 : ______did that is known to all. 谁做的那件事，众所周知。

Who

It

但多数情况由 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主语之后。例如：____is reported that no one was killed in the earthquake. 据报道地震中没有人死亡。

2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 We can learn _____we did not know. 我们要学习我们未知的东西。如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词 make, find, see, hear, feel, think 等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用 it 作为形式宾语。 We find___ necessary that we practise spoken English every day. 我们发现每天练习口语英语很有必要。A teacher must see ____that every one of his students is treated properly. 老师必须负责每位学生都能得到正确对待。

what

it

it

另外，某些作表语的形容词，如 sure, happy, glad, certain 等之后也可带宾语从句。例如：I am sure that he will succeed. 我确信他会成功。

I am glad that you can come and help me. 很高兴你能来帮我。

3. 表语从句表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。

The question is _____can complete the difficult task. 问题是谁能完成这项艰难的任务。

The problem is _____we can get there on time. 问题是我们怎样按时到达那儿。

who

how

4. 同位语从句同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，可跟同位语从句的名词主要有 fact, news, promise, idea, truth, decision, order 等。连接词用 that ，不用 which 。 The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢了这场比赛的消息是真的。His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 他迟到了是因为汽车半路上出了问题。The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

The news________ I heard was_____ our team had won the match.

We heard the news_____ our team had won the match.

Danby left word with my secretary ______ he would call again in the afternoon.

A. who B. that C. as D. which

B

that/which that

that

定语从句 /表语从句

同位语从句

注意：

名词性从句的难点在于其句型结构不同，所使用的连词比较复杂。因此 , 如何确定正确的连词是突破名词性从句的关键。解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手：

⑴ 依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用 who ，指物用 what ；如缺宾语，指人用 whom ，指物用 what ；如缺时间状语用 when ；地点状语用 where ；原因状语用 why ；方式状语用 how ；定语用 whose 或 which ；什么都不缺用 that 。I know what he is talking about. （缺宾语指物）我知道他正在谈论什么。I’m sure that he will come tomorrow. （什么都不缺）我确信明天他会来。Where he will go is unknown. （缺地点状语）他要去哪儿还不知道。I don’t know which book I should choose. （缺定语）我不知道应该选哪本书。

1.We heard the news that our team had won.

2.My worry is whether they will arrive on time.

3.What he wants is a book.

4.How he was successful is still a puzzle.

5.Why he has come to New York is a story of struggle and success.

6.I don’t know who broke the glass yesterday.

7.Could you tell me where he lives?

8.We are worried about whether he is safe.

9.This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

同位语从句

表语从句主语从句

主语从句

主语从句

宾语从句宾语从句

介宾从句表语从句

⑵ 注意几组易混连词 whether 与 if ； that 与 what的使用：引导主语、表语、同位语 , 介宾从句时关联词只用 whether 不用 if 表“是否”。引导动词宾语从句时 whether, if 均可。 *Whether… or notThe question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. 是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。We don’t know whether/if she is ready. 我们不知道她是否准备好了。that 引导从句时不做成分，无意义；而 what 在从句中充当成分，有意义。What he says is important. 他所说的很重要。That light travels faster than the sound is a fact. 光传播速度比声音快是个事实。

whether or not she is ready.

1. No one can be sure ____ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like2. Do you know ____ he’s getting along well with his

English? A. how B. that C. what D. which3. The reason why he didn’t come to the party is ____ he was

ill.A. because B. why C. that D. when 4. Go and get your coat. It’s ____ you left it.A.there B. where C. there where D. where there

巩固练习：A

B

C

B

The reason why he didn’t come to the party is that he was ill.The reason why… is that…

The reason _____ he gave me is that he was ill.

The reason _____ his absence is that he was ill.

that

for

Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.

in the place where you left it

in the place in which you left it

in the place which you left it in.

I don’t know where he lives.

表语从句

定语从句

the place where/in which he lives.

the place which he lives in.

宾语从句

定语从句

5. _____ more countries can use natural energy in future ____ to be seen.

A.Whether; remains B. What ; remains C. Whether ; remain D. If ; remains6.___ she couldn’t understand was ___fewer and fewer

students showed interest in her lessons.A.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that7.___surprises me most is that she doesn’t even know

____ the difference between the two lies.A.What; where B. What; what C. That; where D. That; what8. ____ is not yet decided ____ the test will be given.A.That; when B. It; who C. That; who D. It; when

A

A

A

D

9. It was known to all that William had broken his promise ____ he would give us a rise.

A.which B. why C. that D. whether10. Word has come ____ some British guests will come

for a visit to our company next month.A.what B. that C. whether D. when11.There is a feeling in me ____ we’ll never know what

a UFO is.A.that B. which C. of which D. what12. It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow

of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A. that B. when C. what D. how

C

B

A

C

It was known to all that William had broken his promise that he would give us a rise.

___________________,William had broken his promise that he would give us a rise.

___________________was that William had broken his promise that he would give us a rise.

As was known to all

What was known to all

13.A modern city has been set up in _______ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A.what B. which C. that D. where

14. I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

A.this B. that C. it D. one

15. Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game.

A.why B. what C. who D. that

16.____ he does has nothing to do with me.

A.Whatever B. No matter what

C. That D. If

A

C

A

A

Whatever he does has nothing to do with me.

Anything that

Whoever breaks the law should be punished.

Anyone whoWhoever breaks the law, he should be punished.

__________________________, he should be punished.No matter who breaks the law

We will do whatever we can to help the poor children.

17. Some of the scientists held the point _______ the book said was right.

A.what what B. what that C. that that D. that what

18. Is ____ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week?

A. that B. it C. this D. he

19. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob can win the first prize in the match.

A.There;that B. It ;that

C. There; whether D. It; whether

20. The order came ___ the soldiers ____ the small village the next morning.

A. that;had to leave B. that; should leave

C. /;must leave D. when; should leave

D

B

A

B

There is no possibility that

There is no doubt that…

There is no need to do …

There is no point/sense in doing…

It is no use/good doing…

It is a/no wonder that