Attributive ClauseNoun ClauseAdverbial Clause:

that whichwho whom whose as butwhen where why Attributive Clause

as:1. , ; as, Eg.) As we all know (=__________________ ), smoking does harm to health.=Smoking does harm to health, as we all know.=Smoking, as we all know, does harm to health.= ___ is known to all ____ smoking does harm to health.

As is known to allItthat

2. ___________________ , as Eg.) Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem ______ none of us worked out. Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an exam problem ______ none of us worked it out. You should give the watch to Lily. This watch is the same _______ she lost yesterday. Im going to buy the same watch ____ he bought the other day. ( that; as; which; like )the same, so, suchasthatthatasit

+ :Eg.) The palace _________ I often pay a visit dates from the 17th century. The students, most _________ are from the north, are not used to the winter in Shanghai. We all stood on the top of the high building, ______ we could see the whole city.A. to which B. from that C. from where D. which to whichof whom: ; ; .

: He wont want to eat it unless hes really hungry, in _____ case hell eat almost anything. A. what B. that C. whose D. whichEg.) Tom spent four years in college, during _______ time he learned French. I called him by the wrong name, for ______ mistake I should apologize.A mental patient is one ______ mind is diseased.The students are working hard at English, ___________ __________ _____________________________________ ___________ is known to all. whichwhichwhosewhose importance importance/ the importance of which / of which the

:Eg.) I still remember the day ______ / ____ ______ we first met. Ill never forget the day __________ we spent together. That is the reason ___________ he explained to us for his action. The reason _____ / ____ _______ he was fired was _____ ( because, that ) he was careless. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, ______ is quiet and beautiful. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, ______ there are many plants.whenon which (that/which)(that/which)whyfor whichthatwhichwhere

Is there a bus stop around which I can take a No. 3 bus?______whereEg.) You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (NMET 2004)A. why B. where C. what D. howwhere : Where bees are, there is honey. ._______ others are weak, he is strong. Its none of your business where I spend my vacation. Ex.) Finally we reached ______ was once an old temple ____ the villagers used as a school. A. where; that B.what; where C. what; which D. there; whichWhere

Noun Clause Subject Clause ( Predicative Clause) Object Clause Appositive Clause

Noun clause:We all have a firm belief that hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.Women are playing an important role in what used to be considered mens territory.Did it ever occur to you that we should move to a warm climate?Thats where a change is needed.that hard work canmake up for a lack of intelligence.whatused to be considered mens territorythat we should move toa warm climatewhere a change is needed

thatEg.) It happened that it was raining heavily.I wish that she would understand me.The reason was that he felt unwell.The news that we have been invited to the conference is encouraging. (: The news that he heard is a rumor.)There is no doubt that he is an excellent scholar.Word came that he would arrive late.

:

Eg.) He told me that he enjoyed his stay here and he wanted to settle down.We took it for granted the expenses would be low.I promised if anyone come to set me free, I would make him king over the earth.They told me once again this would never happen again.he never did such a thing I simply cant believe., that: 1. ; 2. ; 3. 1. ___________________ , thatthatThatthatthatthat2. , that

what:Eg.) I dont understand ( ) all he has said mean.( ) was once regarded impossible has become a reality.Our hometown is not ( ) it used to be. I have no idea ( ) we should do next.Years of hard work made her ( ) she is now.After years of hard work, she was made ( ) she is now.whatwhatWhatwhatwhatwhat

Our hometown is not what it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same _____ it used to be.= Our hometown is different from _____ it used to be.= Our hometown is not the one _____ it used to be.

aswhatthat

what:Eg.) I dont understand ( ) all he has said mean.( ) was once regarded impossible has become a reality.Our hometown is not ( ) it used to be. I have no idea ( ) we should do next.Years of hard work made her ( ) she is now.After years of hard work, she was made ( ) she is now.whatwhatWhatwhatwhatwhat

Ex.)The small mountain village _____ we spent our holiday last month lies in ____ is now part of Hubei.A. which; where B. where; what C. that;which : 1. , what, , 2. what whatever: whatthe thing(s) ; whateveranything that, Its generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.Eg.) Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats ______ makes me feel excited. whateverwhat

Howeverno matter + wh-/ how wh-ever/however:Eg.) No matter who knocks, dont open the door. No matter how hot it is, he will not take off his coat. Ill just say whatever comes to my mind. Whatever (= What ever ) are you doing there?

Whoever

Adverbial Clause

when, while, as ; the moment/minute/instant; immediately/directly/instantly; hardly/scarcely when; no soonerthanbefore, after;until/till, notuntil;as soon asevery/each/any/next/last time/the first timeonce, since

where, whereverbecause, since, as; now (that), in that, seeing (that) as; as if, as thoughso/such that ; such that ;so thatin order that, so that, for fear that, lest, in caseif, unless; in case; as/ so long as; on condition that; provided/providing; supposing/suppose; given; when, whilealthough, though; no matter +wh-/how, wh-ever/however; even if, even though; when, whilewhether; than, as

although/ as /though:Which of the following is right? _______A child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.Child as he is, but he can tell right from wrong.Child though he is, yet he can tell right from wrong.Child although he is, he can tell right from wrong.

_______________________ (), I will not buy the dress._____________________ (), he might fail again.Much as / though I like itTry as/though he would

since: Arent you a college student? ______. Its two years since I was at college.No, I am B. Yes, I am C. No, Im not D. Yes, Im not

until & not untilEg.) It was until last year that he _________.came to realize the importance of learning Englishworked as a physics teacher at a middle schoolset out to build a new house of his ownleft his hometown for a new startA friend is never known until needed.

before:Eg.) All things are difficult before they are easy.It was a long time before I got to sleep again.It wont be long before we meet again.She had struggled to her feet before I ran over to her.Lock your bike before it gets stolen.I would shoot myself before I apologized to her.

when :Eg.) When I called on her, she was playing the piano.2. be doing / be (just) about to do / had not been doing when Eg.) We were swimming in the lake when the storm started. We hadnt been out for long when she felt sick.3. , , =sinceEg.) Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?1.

4. , if Eg.) How can I finish the job when he refuses to help me?5. , althoughEg.) The waitress brought me a coffee when I asked for a tea.

while:n.) in a little while (every) once in a whileIt is worth (ones )while to do /doing sth.

conj.)1. :Eg.) I got hurt while (I was ) riding a bike.Eg.) He likes playing golf while his wife prefers playing tennis.Eg.) While I admit that there are problems , I dont agree that they cant be solved.Eg.) While there is life, there is hope.2., 3. , , ()4.,

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