1 rfid technology for automatic payment performed by: teb david krelshtein leonid supervisor:...

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RFID technologyRFID technologyfor automatic paymentfor automatic payment

Performed by:Performed by:Teb DavidTeb DavidKrelshtein LeonidKrelshtein Leonid

Supervisor:Supervisor: Michael Itzkovitz. Michael Itzkovitz.

High speed digital systems laboratoryהמעבדה למערכות ספרתיות מהירות

הטכניון - מכון טכנולוגי לישראל

הפקולטה להנדסת חשמל

Technion - Israel institute of technologydepartment of Electrical Engineering

Final presentation

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Supplying solution to security problemSupplying solution to security problemof computerized cart by using of computerized cart by using

RFID technologyRFID technology


Project GoalsProject Goals

Supermarket cartProducts

RFID READER

RFID TAG

Barcode

MILK5%

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Project Goals Project Goals ImplementationImplementation

Security in Computerized Security in Computerized Supermarket cart Supermarket cart by monitoring by monitoring of purchased products:of purchased products:

Addition of RFID Reader to the Addition of RFID Reader to the cartcart

Addition of RFID Tags to the Addition of RFID Tags to the productsproducts


Customer Interface Customer Interface DiagramDiagram


Scanner

RFID

READER

LCD

User guide

KEYPAD

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Implementation Block Implementation Block DiagramDiagram


TI C5402 DSK – Evaluation Platform

DSP Based C++ ProgramRFID reader interface

Expansion Glue-Logic Controller UART & Control logic

Peripherals Board Routing interrupt

Customer Interface

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Security AlgorithmSecurity Algorithm1.1. Customer wants to buy some product.Customer wants to buy some product.

2.2. He scans product and puts it into the cart.He scans product and puts it into the cart.

3.3. RFID reader detects inserted product.RFID reader detects inserted product.

4.4. If there are more read RFID If there are more read RFID tags than barcodes, then tags than barcodes, then there is a security problem! there is a security problem!

Customer just trying to steal product! Customer just trying to steal product! (or maybe he just forgot to scan (or maybe he just forgot to scan it…) it…)


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Security Algorithm Security Algorithm ImplementationImplementation

DSP program keeps tracking about DSP program keeps tracking about amount of RFID tags, that have been amount of RFID tags, that have been detected, vs. amount of barcodes, that detected, vs. amount of barcodes, that been scanned.been scanned.

Each product in the supermarket have Each product in the supermarket have an RFID tag with unique ID number.an RFID tag with unique ID number.

Program maintains two lists: one for Program maintains two lists: one for barcodes, and one for RFID tags.barcodes, and one for RFID tags.


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Security Algorithm Security Algorithm Implementation Implementation

(Cont.)(Cont.) When product is scanned “in”, his When product is scanned “in”, his barcode is added to barcodes’ list.barcode is added to barcodes’ list.

When product is scanned “out”, his When product is scanned “out”, his barcode is removed from the barcode is removed from the barcodes’ list.barcodes’ list.

Every 5 – 10 minutes, and at the end Every 5 – 10 minutes, and at the end of shopping, RFID reader performs of shopping, RFID reader performs detection of all products in the cart.detection of all products in the cart.


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Security Algorithm Security Algorithm Implementation Implementation

(Cont.)(Cont.) After reader detected all products, After reader detected all products, program compares 2 lists’ lengths (tags program compares 2 lists’ lengths (tags vs. barcodes).vs. barcodes).

If there are more tags, then customer gets If there are more tags, then customer gets warnings about the problem, through LCD warnings about the problem, through LCD display.display.

If there are more barcodes, If there are more barcodes, than customer probably forgot than customer probably forgot to scan product, before to scan product, before removing it.removing it.


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System Block Diagram


RFID

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RFIDRFID BASICSBASICS


RFID system RFID system build from 3 build from 3 components:components:

1.1. READERREADER

2.2. TRANSPONDERTRANSPONDER

3.3. HOST HOST COMPUTERCOMPUTER

HOST COMPUTER

RS-232

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RFIDRFID READERREADER RFID reader is used to activate passive tag with RF RFID reader is used to activate passive tag with RF

energy and to extract information from the tag.energy and to extract information from the tag. The reader includes RF transmission,The reader includes RF transmission,

receiving and data decoding sections. In addition, the receiving and data decoding sections. In addition, the reader includes a serial reader includes a serial communication (RS-232) communication (RS-232) capability to communicate capability to communicate with the host computer.with the host computer.

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The word transponder, derived from TRANSmitter/resPONDER,

reveals the function of the device. The tag responds to a transmitted or communicated request for the data it carries, the mode of communication between the reader and the tag being by wireless means across the space or air interface between the two.

The transponder includes ROM-based memory that is used to store security data.

The antenna circuit of tag is made of LC resonant circuit or E-field dipole antenna, depending on the carrier frequency.


Integrated Circuit

Antenna

RFIDRFID

TRANSPONDERTRANSPONDER

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Frequency Bands and ApplicationsFrequency Bands and Applications


Frequency Band

Characteristics

Typical Applications

Low100-500 kHz

Short to medium read range inexpensivelow reading speed

Access controlAnimal identificationInventory controlCar immobiliser

Intermediate10-15 MHz

Short to medium read range potentially inexpensive medium reading speed

Access controlSmart cards

High850-950 MHz2.4-5.8 GHz

Long read range high reading speed line of sight required Expensive

Railroad car monitoringToll collection systems

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Recent RFID applications Recent RFID applications Automatic retail Automatic retail

fueling system fueling system

Automatic consumer recognition


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Recent RFID applicationsRecent RFID applications Parking Access Parking Access

Control Applications Control Applications


Animal tracking(Anything That Moves)

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Recent RFID applications Recent RFID applications Customer loyaltyCustomer loyalty

Anti-theft immobilization


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RFID reader for this RFID reader for this projectproject

Requirements for RFID reader to this Requirements for RFID reader to this application:application:

Frequency 13.56 MHz.Frequency 13.56 MHz. Anti-collision protocol.Anti-collision protocol. Low read range – up to 2 meters.Low read range – up to 2 meters. Small size – 10cm x 7cm x 2cm.Small size – 10cm x 7cm x 2cm. Low weight – up to 100gr.Low weight – up to 100gr. Low price.Low price.

Possible RFID reader that matches this Possible RFID reader that matches this requirements is requirements is S6350 Midrange Reader Module S6350 Midrange Reader Module (Texas Instruments)(Texas Instruments)


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RFID tags for this projectRFID tags for this projectRequirements for tags this application:Requirements for tags this application: Frequency 13.56 MHz.Frequency 13.56 MHz. Passive (no battery).Passive (no battery). Thin and flexible.Thin and flexible. Easily converted to paper or plastic labels.Easily converted to paper or plastic labels. Sufficient amount of memory. 20 bits is enough.Sufficient amount of memory. 20 bits is enough. Price less then 0.5$ and decrease from day to Price less then 0.5$ and decrease from day to

day.day.Possible tags that matches this requirements Possible tags that matches this requirements is:is:RI-I01-112A or RI-I03-110A RI-I01-112A or RI-I03-110A (Texas Instruments)(Texas Instruments)


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Hardware SpecificationHardware Specification C5402 Evaluation Board (DSK)C5402 Evaluation Board (DSK) Daughter Board Daughter Board

Memory ExpansionMemory Expansion Altera FLEX30K10AAltera FLEX30K10A RS-232 Port ( RFID I/F )RS-232 Port ( RFID I/F )

RFID ReaderRFID Reader


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Peripherals board Peripherals board LayoutLayout


RFID reader

connection

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FPGA Controller Block FPGA Controller Block DiagramDiagram


DSP INTERFACE

LCDLCD

CONTROLLERCONTROLLER

KEYPAD

CONTROLLER

GLUEGLUE

LOGICLOGIC

RS-232

CORE

MEMORYMEMORY

CONTROLLERCONTROLLER

RS-232

CORE

CHANGED

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UART UnitUART UnitThe UART Unit consists of 2 components:The UART Unit consists of 2 components:

1.1. An Altera UART CORE (Black box).An Altera UART CORE (Black box).

2.2. Glue logic that implementing the following Glue logic that implementing the following tasks:tasks:

1.1. Initialize the core.Initialize the core.

2.2. Handle various error situation.Handle various error situation.

3.3. Implements write protocol to the core.Implements write protocol to the core.

4.4. Asserts and handles interrupt signal as Asserts and handles interrupt signal as needed.needed.


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Update of bus controllerUpdate of bus controller Bus controller was modified, in order to Bus controller was modified, in order to

avoid bus contention, when driving data avoid bus contention, when driving data from UART to external memory.from UART to external memory.


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Interrupt routingInterrupt routing Interrupt was routed from UART Interrupt was routed from UART

block to DSP, in order to send signal block to DSP, in order to send signal to DSP, when UART received data to DSP, when UART received data from RFID reader.from RFID reader.

INT3 was used for this target, when INT3 was used for this target, when it was actually the only available one it was actually the only available one for use.for use.


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Memory considerationsMemory considerations There are 2 banks of 256K words of There are 2 banks of 256K words of

external RAM on the daughter board.external RAM on the daughter board. All program code run from on-chip All program code run from on-chip

memory.memory. Every entry in product list restricted by Every entry in product list restricted by

100 bytes. 100 bytes. Every entry in RFID list restricted by 10 Every entry in RFID list restricted by 10

bytes.bytes. Maximum number of products in cart is: Maximum number of products in cart is:

256K*2(bytes))/(10+100) = 4500256K*2(bytes))/(10+100) = 4500


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DSP SoftwareDSP Software Next features were added to the Next features were added to the

code:code: Interrupt handler for RFID reader.Interrupt handler for RFID reader. Interrupt handler for timer(security Interrupt handler for timer(security

algorithm).algorithm). Data structure for RFID data.Data structure for RFID data.


Software FlowSoftware Flow Interrupt Table

Timer Interrupt Scanner Interrupt Keyboard Interrupt RFID Interrupt

Interrupt Handlers

Main program

Main functions

Server

ComPort


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RFID Software flow chartRFID Software flow chart


End Scanning

Set Timer1

Timer1 interrupt

Enable RFID scanning

RFID read data from tag

RFID send int3 to DSP

RFID send data to DSP

Inserting data

to linked list

Already read

this TAG?

YES

NO

Scanning time

is over?

NO

YES

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Major debug issuesMajor debug issues Problems using Synplify instead of Problems using Synplify instead of

Leonardo.Leonardo. Memory mapping problem: program Memory mapping problem: program

code filled almost all available code code filled almost all available code section of memory, so there was a section of memory, so there was a problem to add even few code lines.problem to add even few code lines.

This problem was solvedThis problem was solved

by re-mapping ofby re-mapping of

memory sections.memory sections.


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Major debug issuesMajor debug issues Problem with RFID reader: supplied Problem with RFID reader: supplied

reader didn’t worked appropriately, so reader didn’t worked appropriately, so host computer’s HyperTerminal port has host computer’s HyperTerminal port has been used to simulate RFID reader been used to simulate RFID reader (because both of them use RS-232 (because both of them use RS-232 protocol) .protocol) .

In order to improve debug ability In order to improve debug ability

Bluetooth was disconnected, but before Bluetooth was disconnected, but before final ramp up system has been tested final ramp up system has been tested with bluetooth. with bluetooth.


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Future improvementsFuture improvements Managing all products’ information through Managing all products’ information through

RFID reader only (upgrade from barcodes RFID reader only (upgrade from barcodes to RFID tags), because every tag can store to RFID tags), because every tag can store much more information than barcode.much more information than barcode.

Add credit card scanner, which will transmit Add credit card scanner, which will transmit the total sum and the credit card number. the total sum and the credit card number. This will eliminate the queue time.This will eliminate the queue time.

Add a scale for fruits and vegetables. Add a scale for fruits and vegetables. Add a scale that will check if the Add a scale that will check if the scanner product matches its weightscanner product matches its weight


1 rfid technology for automatic payment performed by: teb david krelshtein leonid supervisor:...

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