139248292 huawei irat handover

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Product Version Confidentialitylevel

V100R001 For Internal se

Product !a"e# $C%&' R!P Total (ages# )*

$C%&' R!+ Handover

'lgorith" 'nalysis and

Para"eter Configuration

,uidance

For internal use only

Pre(ared -y# R!P/'!' %ate# 0011)

Reviewed -y# %ate#

Reviewed -y# %ate#

'((roved -y# %ate#

Huawei Technologies Co.2 Ltd.


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WCDMA RNO Handover Algorithm Analysis and Parameter

Configuration Guidance For ntanal !se

'll rights reserved

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Revision Record

%ate Rev.

Version

%escri(tion 'uthor

2003/12/15 Initial transmittal Znag Liang

2005/03/16 1.0 Change the date, no content udated. !in"an

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#a$le o% Contents

" ntroduction''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(

& Handover Algorithm Analysis''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(&'" Handover Measurement ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(

&'"'" ntra$Fre)uency Measurement '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''*&'"'& nter$Fre)uency Measurement '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"+

&'"'# nter$,ystem Measurement '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"-

&'"'+ !. nternal Measurement ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"/

&'& Handover Algorithms '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"/&'&'" ,ofter Handover and ,oft Handover Algorithms '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"/

&'&'& ntra$Fre)uency Hard Handover Algorithm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"*

&'&'# nter$Fre)uency Hard Handover Algorithm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"*&'&'+ nter$,ystem Handover Algorithm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&0

&'&'% Handover Caused 1y 2oad 3alancing ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&"

&'&'- Cell Penalty''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&&

&'&'/ Active ,et ,ynchroni4ation Maintenance'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&&&'&'( Direct Retry Algorithm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&+

&'&'* Princi5le for Generating Ad6acent Cell 2ist''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&%

# Handover Parameter ,etting ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&-#'" Descri5tion'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&-

#'& Handover Common Parameters ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&/

#'&'" Ma7imum Num1er of Cells in Active ,et'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&/

#'&'& Penalty 8ime''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&(#'&'# .vent -F 8rigger 8hreshold '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&(

#'&'+ .vent -G 8rigger 8hreshold''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&*

#'&'% 8ime$to$8rigger Parameters for .vents -F and -G''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#0#'&'- 3. ,ervice Handover Rate Decision 8hreshold ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#0

#'&'/ ,oft Handover Method ,elect ,9itch ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#"#'&'( Handover Algorithm ,9itches''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#&

#'# ntra$Fre)uency Handover Measurement Algorithm Parameters ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''###'#'" ,oft Handover Relative 8hresholds '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''##

#'#'& ,oft Handover A1solute 8hresholds ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#+

#'#'# ntra$Fre)uency Measurement Filter Coefficient :FilterCoef;'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#%#'#'+ Hysteresis Related to ,oft Handover '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#-

#'#'% 8ime$to$8rigger Parameters Related to ,oft Handover''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#(

#'#'- W.GH8'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#*

#'#'/ Detected ,et ,tatistics ,9itch'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#*#'+ nter$Fre)uency Handover Algorithm Parameters '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+0

#'+'" nter$Fre)uency Measurement Filter Coefficient :FilterCoef;'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+0

#'+'& Cell 2ocation Pro5erty''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+"#'+'# Hysteresis Related to nter$Fre)uency Handover'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+&

#'+'+ 8ime$to$8rigger Parameters Related to nter$Fre)uency Hard Handover'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+&

#'+'% Com5ressed Mode .na1le


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#'-'& ,5reading Factor 8hreshold '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''%0

#'/ Direct Retry Algorithm Parameter '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''%0

#'/'" Ma7imum Direct Retry 8imes''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''%0

#'/'& Candidate ,et A1solute 8hreshold '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''%"#'/'# Minimum .c


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List o% #a$les

ta1le "Recommended ,oft Handover Hysteresis ,ettings for Different Movement ,5eeds'''''''''''''''''''''''#/

ta1le &Recommended 8ime$to$8rigger ,ettings for Different Movement ,5eeds''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''#(ta1le #Recommended nter$Fre)uency Hard Handover Hysteresis ,ettings for Different Movement

,5eeds''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+&ta1le +Recommended nter$Fre)uency Hard Handover 8ime$to$8rigger ,ettings for Different Movement

,5eeds''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''+#

List o% &igures

Figure " Measurement Model'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''*

Figure & .7am5le of .vent "A and 8rigger Delay'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''""

Figure # Periodic Re5orting 8riggered 1y .vent "A''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''""

Figure + .7am5le of .vent "C''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"&

Figure % .7am5le of .vent "D''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"#Figure - Restriction of measurement re5orting 1y means of hysteresis'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"#

Figure / .7am5le of .vent ".''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"+Figure ( .7am5le of .vent "D"F'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"+

Figure * Po9er Control 8iming''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Figure "0 MM2 Client '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&/

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$C%&' R!+ Handover 'lgorith" 'nalysis and Para"eterConfiguration ,uidance

'e" (ords) handover algorithm, so%t handover, hard handover, inter*s"stem handover, arameter

setting

+$stract) #his document %irst descri$es the measurements involved in the handover algorithms,

and then anal"es the measurement control and decision rules in the imlementation o%

the algorithm o% each t"e o% handover. &inall", it rovides a detailed guidance %or the

setting o% various t"es o% handover arameters, so that correct and e%%ective handover

arameter ad-ustments can $e carried out $ased on the actual reuirements during

net(or otimiation.

List o% a$$reviations) mitted

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1 Introduction

andover t"es include so%ter handover, so%t handover, intra*%reuenc" hard handover,

inter*%reuenc" hard handover and inter*s"stem hard handover. + t"ical handover rocess is)

measurement control → measurement reort → handover decision → handover e4ecution →

ne( measurement control. ased on the measurement value, handover control method and

handover t"e selection reuired %or the handover decision, the handover algorithm determines

ho( the 7 carr" out handover measurements and reort the measurement result, and then

maes handover decision and guides the handover e4ecution according to the reorted

measurement result. Handover algorithms largel" resent themselves in the con%iguration o%

measurement control arameters.

In Chater 2, this document discusses the measurement control, reorting rules and related

handover decision algorithms involved in various t"es o% handover. In Chater 3, $ased on the

no(ledge o% the handover algorithms, this document rovides detailed descritions o% the

seci%ic arameter setting methods value assignment recommendations and ranges o% e%%ect o%

the related algorithms o% various t"es o% handover, so as to rovide a clear and ractical

guidance %or arameter ad-ustments in net(or otimiation.

2 Handover 'lgorith" 'nalysis

8o$ilit" management is an imortant art o% radio resource management, (hile handover

algorithms are the most imortant art o% mo$ilit" management. + handover algorithm involves

such contents as measurement control and handover decision. #here%ore, to anal"e a handover

algorithm, (e should %irst anal"e handover measurement.

2.1 Handover &easure"ent

#he radio resource management module RR8 initiated measurements include dedicated

measurement and common measurement. +ll the measurements in the 7 are dedicated

measurement. andover measurement is seci%ic to the h"sical la"er, (hich rovides

measurement o% various items %or the higher la"ers, so as to trigger various %unctions, including

handover.

#he measurement result (ill go t(ice through smoothening rocessing. #he %irst rocessing

is in the h"sical la"er, and the urose is to %ilter o%% the in%luence o% %ast %ading $e%ore the

h"sical la"er reorts the measurement result to the higher la"er. #he second rocessing is

imlemented $" the higher la"er on the measurement result reorted $" the h"sical la"er $e%ore

event evaluation. #his rocessing is to determine the %ilter coe%%icient according to the time

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relation and imlemented (eighted averaging rocessing o% the measurement result. #he latest

measurement result a%ter L3 %iltering is used %or evaluation o% the reorting rule, and as the

reorted result. #he rocess is as %ollo(s)

A D3 C

C>

L1

%iltering

L3

9arameter 9arameter

7valuation

o% reorting%ilteringrule

&igure 1 8easurement 8odel

#he reorting t"es include :on*demand reorting;, :eriodic reorting; and :event triggered

reorting; 7vent + to 7vent &. uses the measurement control message to in%orm the 7 (hat events need to

trigger measurement reorting. +ll intra*%reuenc" measurement reort events are identi%ied (ith

1?.

4vent 1'# ' (ri"ary (ilot channel enters the re(orting range

I% the net(or, in the measurement reort mechanism %ield, reuires the 7 to reort event

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1+ (hile the 7 has entered the Cell@=C state, then (hen a rimar" ilot channel enters the

reorting range, the 7 (ill send a measurement reort.

Ahen the measurement values satis%" the %ollo(ing %ormulas, the 7 deems that a rimar"

ilot channel has entered the reorting range)

1. 9ath loss)

;?&


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&igure 2 74amle o% 7vent 1+ and #rigger =ela"


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M Best is the measurement result o% the $est cell in the current active set

W is the (eighted %actor

R is the reorting range

H 1a is the h"steresis value o% event 1+

I% several cells satis%" the reorting condition simultaneousl" a%ter the trigger dela", the 7(ill sort the cells according to the measurement values and reort all the measurement results.

4vent 1C# The (ri"ary (ilot channel in a non active set is -etter than the (ri"ary (ilot

channel in an active set

#his event can $e descri$ed through the %ollo(ing e4amle)

Re5orting

event "C

Re5orting

event "C

Measurement

)uantity

8ime

P CPCH &

P CPCH "

P CPCH #

P CPCH +

&igure D 74amle o% 7vent 1C

In this e4amle, the cells (here 9 C9IC 1, 9 C9IC 2 and 9 C9IC 3 are $elong to an

active set, (hile that o% 9 C9IC D does not. #his event is used to relace the oor cells in the

active set, i% the num$er o% cells in the active set reaches or e4ceeds active set relacement

threshold.

4vent 1%# The -est cell changes

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Re5orting

event "D

Measurement

)uantity

8ime

P CPCH &

P CPCH "

P CPCH#

&igure 5 74amle o% 7vent 1=

In order to revent %reuent triggering o% event 1= due to signal %luctuations (hen the

channel di%%erence is small, (hich results in unnecessar" increase o% the air inter%ace signaling

tra%%ic %lo(, (e can use the h"steresis arameter, as sho(n $elo()

Hysteresi

Re5orting

event "D

Hysteresis

Measurement

)uantity

8ime

P CCPCH "

P CCPCH &

&igure 6 Restriction o% measurement reorting $" means o% h"steresis

+s (e can see, as the h"steresis condition is not met at the second time, event 1= reorting

is not triggered. #his arameter can also $e used in other events.

4vent 14# The "easure"ent value of a (ri"ary (ilot channel e6ceeds the a-solute

threshold

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A1solute

threshold

Re5orting

event ".

Measurement

)uantity

8ime

P CPCH "

P CPCH &

P CPCH #

&igure E 74amle o% 7vent 17

7vent 17 can $e used to trigger the measurement reorts o% cells including those detected

$" the 7 $e%ore it receives the ad-acent cell list.

4vent 1F# The "easure"ent value of a (ri"ary (ilot channel is lower than the a-solute

threshold

A1solute

threshold

Re5orting

event "F

Measurement

)uantity

8ime

P CPCH "

P CPCH &

P CPCH #

&igure F 74amle o% 7vent 1=1&

2.1.2 InterFre3uency &easure"ent

Inter*%reuenc" measurement events are identi%ied (ith 2?. #he %reuenc" ualit"

estimation involved in events 2+, 2, 2C, 2= and 27 is de%ined as %ollo(s)

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?"0;":"0"0"

H LogM W M Log W LogM Q j Best j

N

i

ji j jcarrier jcarrier

j A

−⋅⋅−+

⋅⋅=⋅= ∑

=

Ahere,

Q carrierj is the logarithmic %orm o% the estimated ualit" value o% %reuenc" -

M carrier j is the estimated ualit" value o% %reuenc" -

M i j is the measurement result o% cell i (ith the %reuenc" o% - in the virtual active set

N A j is the num$er o% cells (ith the %reuenc" o% - in the virtual active set

M Best j is the measurement result o% the $est cell (ith the %reuenc" o% - in the virtual active set

W j is the (eight %actor

H is the h"steresis value

e%ore (e descri$e events 24, (e should mae the %ollo(ing t(o concets understood)

:non*used %reuenc"; re%er to the %reuenc" that the 7 needs to measure $ut that is not in the

active set, and :used %reuenc"; re%ers to the %reuenc" that the 7 needs to measure and that is

in the active set.

4vent '# The -est fre3uency changes

I% the estimated ualit" value o% the non*used %reuenc" is $etter than that o% the $est cell in

the used %reuenc", and the h"steresis value and the :time to trigger; conditions are satis%ied,

event 2+ (ill $e triggered.

4vent 5# The esti"ated 3uality value of the used fre3uency is lower than a certain

threshold2 and that of the nonused fre3uency is higher than a certain threshold

I% the estimated ualit" value o% the used %reuenc" is lo(er than the threshold de%ined $" I7

:#hreshold used %reuenc"; delivered in the measurement control message, (hile that o% the

non*used %reuenc" is higher than the threshold de%ined $" I7 :#hreshold non*used %reuenc";

delivered in the measurement control message, and the h"steresis value and the :time to trigger;

condition are satis%ied, event 2 (ill $e triggered.

4vent C# The esti"ated 3uality value of the nonused fre3uency is higher than a

certain threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied $" I7 :#hreshold non*used %reuenc"; in the measurement control

message delivered $" #R+>.

4vent %# The esti"ated 3uality value of the used fre3uency is lower than a certain

threshold

7vent 2= can $e used to ena$le the comressed mode to er%orm inter*%reuenc"

measurement. #his threshold is seci%ied $" I7 :#hreshold used %reuenc"; in the measurement

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control message delivered $" #R+>. #his t"e o% arameters can $e modi%ied through 88L

commands.

4vent 4# The esti"ated 3uality value of the nonused fre3uency is lower than a

certain threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied $" I7 :#hreshold non*used %reuenc"; in the measurement control

message delivered $" #R+>.

4vent F# The esti"ated 3uality value of the used fre3uency is higher than a certain

threshold

7vent 2& can $e used to disa$le the comressed mode to sto inter*%reuenc"

measurement. #his threshold is seci%ied $" I7 :#hreshold used %reuenc"; in the measurement

control message delivered $" #R+>.

2.1.3 Inter/yste" &easure"ent

Inter*s"stem measurement events are identi%ied (ith 3?. #he ualit" estimation o% a #R+>

active set involved in events 3+, 3, 3C and 3= is de%ined as %ollo(s)

?"0;":"0"0

"

Best

N

i

iUTRAN UTRAN LogM W M Log W LogM Q A

⋅⋅−+

⋅⋅=⋅= ∑

=

Ahere,Q UTRAN is the logarithmic %orm o% the estimated ualit" value o% the #R+> %reuenc" currentl" in

use

M UTRAN is the estimated ualit" value o% the #R+> %reuenc" currentl" in use

M i is the measurement result o% cell i in the active set

N A is the num$er o% cells in the active set

M Best result is the measurement result o% the $est cell in the active set

W is the (eight %actor

4vent '# The esti"ated 3uality value of the used TR'! fre3uency is lower than a

certain threshold2 and that of the other syste" is higher than a certain threshold

I% the estimated ualit" value o% the used #R+> %reuenc" is lo(er than the threshold

de%ined $" I7 :#hreshold o(n s"stem; delivered in the measurement control message, (hile that

o% the other s"stem is higher than the threshold de%ined $" I7 :#hreshold other s"stem; delivered

in the measurement control message, and the h"steresis value and the :time to trigger; condition

are satis%ied, event 3+ (ill $e triggered.

4vent 5# The esti"ated 3uality value of the other syste" is lower than a certain

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threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied $" I7 :#hreshold other s"stem; in the measurement control

message.

4vent C# The esti"ated 3uality value of the other syste" is higher than a certain

threshold

#his threshold is seci%ied $" I7 :#hreshold other s"stem; in the measurement control

message.

4vent %# The -est cell in the other syste" changes

2.1.4 4 Internal &easure"ent

#(o 7 internal measurement events are involved in the handover algorithms) 6& and 6C B1.2,

so as to rovide algorithm guidance %or net(or otimiation and arameter ad-ustments. #he

contents o% this section include so%ter handover and so%t handover algorithms, intra*%reuenc"

hard handover algorithm, inter*%reuenc" hard handover algorithm, inter*s"stem hard handover

algorithm, load $alancing handover algorithm, cell enalt", direct retr" algorithm and active set

s"nchroniation maintenance and ad-acent cell list maintenance method.

2.2.1 /ofter Handover and /oft Handover 'lgorith"s

9resentl", R>C B1.2 uses t(o so%t handover algorithms) loose*mode algorithm and relative

threshold algorithm. #he user can mae selection $et(een these t(o algorithms through the

algorithm s(itch. " de%ault, algorithm 2, namel", relative threshold algorithm is ena$led.

1. 2oose$mode algorithm

1 Ahen either event 1+ or event 17 re%erred to as :1+ or 17; is satis%ied, it (ill $e

deemed as the trigger condition %or adding a so%t handover $ranchG

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18/54



2 +%ter event 1+ or 17 is received, i% the num$er o% cells in the active set is 3, no

rocessing (ill $e imlemented.

3 Ahen neither the relative threshold nor the a$solute threshold event 1 and 1& is

satis%ied, it is deemed as the trigger condition %or removing a so%t handover $ranch.

D I% handover is triggered (hen either event 1 or event 1& is received, $ut the triggered

cell is the $est cell, then no rocessing (ill $e made.

5 Ahen the 7 active set is %ull, event 1+ and event 17 reorting is stoed, and event 1C

reorting starts

6 7vent 1C is the trigger condition %or cell relacement in the active set.

E 7vent 1= occurs in the active set cell, and measurement control changes, $ased on the

$est cell oeration algorithm.

F 7vent 1= occurs in the monitored set cell, and this cell is added into the active set. I% the

active set is %ull, remove an" cell among non*$est cells and then add the reorted $est cell, and

mar it as the $est cell. +%ter success%ul oeration, the measurement control change rocess is

started.

2. Relative threshold algorithm

1 Ahen event 1+ reort is received, i% the active set is not %ull, then lins are seuenced

and added in the order o% good ualit" to oor ualit" C9IC 7c/>o in case that multile cells

reort event 1+, until the active set is %ullG i% the active set is alread" %ull, no rocessing (ill $e

made.

2 Ahen event 1 is received, i% there are more than one lins in the active set, then the

$raches are seuenced and removed in the order o% oor ualit" to good ualit" C9IC 7c/>o

in case that multile cells reort event 1, until onl" one lin is le%tG i% there is onl" one in the

active set, no rocessing (ill $e made.

3 In case o% event 1C, the 7 (ill reort the relacing and relaced cells in the event

trigger list. I% the active set is not %ull, then the triggered cell lin (ill $e addedG i% the active set is

alread" %ull at this moment and the relaced cell is not the $est cell in the active set, then this cell

lin (ill $e removed.

D In case o% event 1=, i% the triggered cell is an active set cell, then it (ill $e mared as the

$est cell and measurement control is udatedG i% the triggered cell doe not $elong to the active

set, then this cell lin (ill $e added i% the active set is %ull, one o% the non*$est cell (ill $e

removed $e%ore this lin is added and mared as the $est cell, (ith measurement control

udated.

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2.2.2 IntraFre3uency Hard Handover 'lgorith"

Intra*%reuenc" hard handover (ill occur in t(o cases) 1, handover $et(een intra*%reuenc"

ad-acent cells that $elong to di%%erent R>Cs, $et(een (hich no Iur inter%ace is availa$leG 2,

handover o% high*rate 9 est 7%%ort services that e4ceeds the rate threshold, $ecause too much

%or(ard caacit" (ill $e occuied i% so%t handover is adoted in this case.

7vent 1= is used as the -udgment criterion %or event intra*%reuenc" hard handover.

>amel", the event 1= triggered cell acts as the target cell o% the handover.

2.2.3 InterFre3uency Hard Handover 'lgorith"

1. asic concets

Carrier coverage verge cell) a cell located at the outmost verge o% a carrier coverage area.

#he characteristic is that the cell does have an intra*%reuenc" ad-acent cell in a certain direction.

Carrier coverage center cell) a cell other than carrier coverage verge cells. #he

characteristic is that the cell has intra*%reuenc" ad-acent cells in all directions.

In a carrier coverage verge cell, (hen the 7 moves to(ards the direction in (hich the cell

has no intra*%reuenc" ad-acent cell, the C9IC 7c/>o changes slo(l" $ecause C9IC RC9

has the same seed (ith the %ading o% inter%erence. imulation sho(s that C9IC 7c/>o can still

reach *12d or so (hen C9IC RC9 is alread" lo(er than the demodulation threshold a$out

*110dm. +t this moment, the inter*%reuenc" handover algorithm $ased on C9IC 7c/>o

measurement has actuall" %ailed. #here%ore, %or a carrier coverage verge cell, it is more suita$le

and more e%%icient to use C9IC RC9 as the inter*%reuenc" measurement uantit".

&or a carrier coverage center cell, C9IC RC9 can also $e used as the inter*%reuenc"

measurement uantit", $ut C9IC 7c/>o can $etter re%lect the actual lin communication ualit"

and the load situation o% the cell.

2' 7na$ling/disa$ling inter*%reuenc" measurement

ecause inter*%reuenc" measurement ma" use the comressed mode, (hich usuall"

a%%ects the lin ualit" and s"stem caacit", (e generall" hoe that inter*%reuenc" measurement

is not ena$led unless necessar". Currentl", R>C B1.2 decides to ena$le or disa$le inter*

%reuenc" measurement through the reorting o% event 2= and event 2&.

Ahen the 7 enters the C7LL@=C state or (hen the $est cell is udated, i% the inter*

%reuenc" handover algorithm is ena$led and an inter*%reuenc" ad-acent cell list is availa$le %or

the $est cell, then the measurement o% event 2= and 2& is con%igured. #he a$solute thresholds o%

events 2= and 2& are the ena$ling/disa$ling thresholds o% inter*%reuenc" measurement. C9IC

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7c/>o or RC9 measurement uantit" and thresholds (ill $e adoted resectivel" according to

the location roert" o% the $est cell in the active set carrier coverage center or carrier coverage

verge as reviousl" descri$ed. I% the measurement uantit" is lo(er than the ena$ling

threshold , event 2= (ill $e reorted, and inter*%reuenc" measurement (ill $e ena$led through

decisionG i% the active set ualit" rises and $ecomes higher than the disa$ling threshold, then

event 2& reorting (ill $e triggered and inter*%reuenc" measurement (ill $e stoed.

3' Inter*%reuenc" hard handover decision

9resentl", the eriodic measurement reorting mode is used %or inter*%reuenc"

measurement. In R>C B1.2, the a$solute threshold decision method $ased on cell roerties is

used %or inter*%reuenc" handover decision. +ccording to di%%erent cell roerties carrier

coverage verge cell and carrier coverage center cell, di%%erent h"sical measurement uantities

C9IC RC9 and C9IC 7c/>o and handover thresholds are used %or handover decision.

ased on the inter*%reuenc" measurement result eriodicall" reorted $" the 7, i% the

measurement values e4ceed the a$solute threshold and the h"steresis values and the :time to

trigger; condition is met, then the R>C (ill imlement inter*%reuenc" hard handover (ith the

reorted cell as the handover target cell.

>ote) =ue to lac o% a secial comressed mode control olic", it is recommended that

inter*%reuenc" handover $e used onl" %or necessar" handover caused $" discontinuous carrier

coverage. In this case, (e can consider to ena$le the comressed mode onl" at the carrier

coverage verge, (hile disa$le the comressed mode at the carrier coverage center $" means o%

arameter con%iguration $" setting the a$solute threshold o% event 2= to the minimum to disa$le

inter*%reuenc" hard handover.

2.2.4 Inter/yste" Handover 'lgorith"

R>C B1.2 suorts 3


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D &or inter*s"stem handover, C9IC RC9 is used as the h"sical measurement uantit"

and events 2= and 2& are used to decide ena$ling or disa$ling the comressed mode.

5 &or inter*s"stem handover, three comressed mode st"le seuences are used %or

concurrent measurement o% C decides

(hether to imlement hard handover according to the measurement reorts.

2.2.5 Handover Caused -y Load 5alancing

Ahen the loads o% the ad-acent cells $ecome un$alanced, the load control algorithm (ill

$alance the loads $et(een the ad-acent cells through handover. o o% the common ilot channel o%

ad-acent cells through the measurement $" the 7, (hile the handover thresholds o% various

cells are also o$tained through the R>C data$ase, the load $alancing control algorithm is

transarent to handover algorithms, (ithout an" direct inter%ace in $et(een.

Ahen the loads $ecome un$alanced among cells o% di%%erent %reuencies in the same >ode

, the er%ormance o% the entire s"stem ma" deteriorate. In this case, the load control algorithm

(ill noti%" the handover algorithm to s(itch some 7s on heav"*load carries onto light*load

carriers thus to $alance the loads. +t this time, the load control entit" selects the seci%ic 7s.

on selecting the 7s, the load control entit" sends the source cell in%ormation and the target

cell in%ormation to the selected 7s andover Control entities , and (hat the handover entit"

should to do is -ust to give out the handover command $ased on the message it has received.

Load $alancing $et(een di%%erent >odes is transarent to the handover algorithm.

#here%ore, (e mainl" anal"e handover reuests caused $" load $alancing $et(een di%%erent

carriers in the same coverage area. In this ind o% handover, the handover entit" actuall" does

not mae an" seci%ic decision, $ut it onl" :%or(ards; the decision command made $" the load

control entit". In this ind o% handover, t(o rinciles are %ollo(ed %or 7 selection)

1 7s in so%t handover are not selected. ince the target cells s"nchroniation in%ormation

ma" $e unavaila$le, the timming re*initiation hard handover rocedure is used here. +s R>C

B1.2 does not suort immediate macro diversit", i% a 7 in so%t handover state is selected at

this moment %or load trans%er, it (ill necessaril" result in damage to the so%t handover state o% this

7, and increase call dro ris.

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2 7s (ith inconsistent R>C and CR>C are not selected, $ecause this ind o% trans%er

involves signaling inter(oring on the Iur inter%ace, (hile the Iur is an oen inter%ace, (ithout this

t"e o% signaling.

on receiving the load trans%er signaling, the handover entit" %irst imlements handoverdecision to -udge (hether the t(o conditions reviousl" mentioned are satis%ied. I% so, it (ill

roceed (ith the ne4t ste o% rocessingG other(ise, it (ill re-ect the reuest and indicate the

reason.

2.2.6 Cell Penalty

#he urose o% cell enalt" caused $" handover %ailure is to revent the handover algorithm

%rom deciding again on the handover o% this 7 to a cell that alread" has no more caacit". Inorder to avoid maing redundant -udgments, in case o% a handover %ailure including so%t

handover and hard handover, the involved 7 (ill $e restricted %rom initiating an" %urther

handover reuest to the same cell (ithin the enalt" time, and the event eriodic reorting

interval is reuired to $e eual to the enalt" time. #hus, a%ter a handover %ailure, on one hand

enalt" is e4erted on the target cell involved in the handover %ailure, and on the other the eriodic

reorting interval is made eual to the enalt" time, so that large (aste o% rocessing caa$ilit"

is avoided.

#he Connection*oriented cell enalt" algorithm is as %ollo(s)

1 #he cell enalt" algorithm is to den" an" handover access to the cell in enalt" (ithin

the seci%ied eriod o% time, namel", the involved 7 is not allo(ed to initiate an" %urther

handover reuest to this cell. #he enalt" %lag is set to 1G

2 +%ter the enalt" time e4ires, the enalt" is released, and the enalt" %lag is set to 0.

2.2.7 'ctive /et /ynchroni9ation &aintenance

+ccording to the 25.21D rotocol, %rom the do(nlin receiving moment o% the 7 to the

corresonding ulin transmission moment, there should $e a 102D*chi dela", so as to ensure

the normal 1*slot ulin and do(nlin o(er control, as sho(n $elo()

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Data&Data"

@"?& 8he ,R measurement 5eriods illustrated here are e7am5les' Other 9ays of measurement are allo9ed to achieve accurate ,R estimation'@# f there is not enough time for !8RAN to res5ond to the 8PC? the action can 1e delayed until the ne7t slot'

Data" PC

Data"8PC

P2O8P2O8

P2O8

Res5onse8o 8PC :@#;

8PC

D2 ,R measurement :@";

P2O8 8FC 8PC

D2$!2 timing offset :"0&+ chi5s;

,lot :&%-0 chi5s;

P2O8P2O8 Data&Data"8PC

P2O8P2O8 8FC 8PC

,lot :&%-0 chi5s;

Pro5agation delay

!2 ,R measurement :@&;

Res5onseto 8PC

D2 DPCCH

at !8RAN

Pro5agation delay

D2 DPCCH

at !.

!2 DPCCH

at !8RAN

!2 DPCCH

at !.

%"& chi5s

8F

C

8F

C

&igure J 9o(er Control #iming

+s illustrated in the diagram, (hen the 7 comlete receiving the do(nlin 9IL# $it, it has

the time o% 512 chis to generate the #9C $it %or do(nlin o(er control according to the 9IL#

$it. Ahen the 7 is in the so%t handover state, the generation o% the #9C $it should $e $ased on

the 9IL# calculation o% all lins. o(ever, in the actual s"stem, $ecause the selection o% the

do(nlin transmission time is o$tained $" the >ode $ased on the R>C*con%igured %rame o%%set

and code o%%set a%ter roundu $" 256 chis the minimum time resolution o% the >ode is 256

chis, there is an error o% K12F chis $et(een the actual transmission time and the R>C*

con%igured time. 9lus errors in the 7 movement seed and cloc dri%t, there (ill $e an error o%K12F20 chis at the 7 side. #hat is, (hen the R4*#4 time di%%erence is (ithin the range o%

102DK1DF chis, the design o% 7 and >ode should $e a$le to satis%" the 1*slot o(er control

reuirementG (hen it is out o% this range, the s"stem (ill $e una$le to guarantee the 1*slot o(er

control reuirement, resulting in o(er control er%ormance deterioration.

#he 7 R4*#4 time di%%erence is measured once ever" 10 %rames. Ahen the R4*#4 time

di%%erence is smaller than FE6 102DM1DF chis, the 7*end rocessing time (ill $e reduced,

and, as result, it (ill $e liel" that the do(nlin 1*slot o(er control cannot $e guaranteedG (hen

the R4*#4 time di%%erence is greater than 11E2 102D1DF chis, the >ode*end rocessing (ill$e reduced, and it (ill $e liel" that the ulin 1*slot o(er control cannot $e guaranteed.

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#here are t(o 7 internal measurement events %or the measurement o% the rotocol*

rovided s"nchroniation maintenance in%ormation) event 6& and event 6


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3 Ahen the 7 initiates an RRC setu reuests, i% the connection setu %ails, the R>C (ill

choose a ne( cell (ith the $est ualit" %or a %urther access attemt $ased on the cell

measurement in%ormation in the R+C measurement reort carried in the RRC C>>7C#I>

R7!7# message, until all the availa$le cells candidate cells %ail and the num$er o% attemts

reaches the ma4imum retr" times.

D Candidate cells are iced u as %ollo(s)

1 Read the current s"stem time, calculate the $u%%ering time o% the cell measurement value,

and discards the cells o% (hich the $u%%ering time is $igger than 8a4Relating#ime

2 ased on the measurement value in the $u%%ered R+C reort and the Linear&actor,

convert the estimated value o% the current cell signal ualit") cell measurement value C9IC

7c/>o M $u%%er time s N Linear&actor d/s

3 9ut the cells o% (hich the estimated ualit" value is greater than =R=C#hreshold into

the candidate set o% the direct retr" algorithm.

5 Retr" (ith the cell having the $est estimated ualit" %rom the candidate set cells. I% retr"

%ails, continue to retr", until the num$er o% attemts reaches the ma4imum retr" times

=R8a4>um$er.

2.2.9 Princi(le for ,enerating 'd:acent Cell List

#here are t(o ad-acent cell list control methods)

1' +d-acent cell list control method $ased on the $est cell

Ahen the ad-acent cell list is controlled $ased on the $est cell, the $asic olic" is as %ollo(s)

1 I% there onl" one cell, the ad-acent cell list (ill $e controlled $ased on this cellG

2 I% a cell is added $" event 1=, a%ter it is success%ull" added, the ad-acent cell list (ill $e

controlled $ased on this cellG

3 I% a cell is added $" an event other than event 1=, the ad-acent cell list (ill not $e

changedG

D I% the $est cell has not $een removed, the ad-acent cell list (ill not $e changedG

5 I% the $est cell has $een removed, a ne( $est cell (ill $e selected $ased on the

in%ormation o$tained during the removal action, and the ad-acent cell list (ill $e modi%ied a%ter

success%ul removal o% the $est cellG

6 I% event 1= occurs on a cell in the active set, the ad-acent cell list (ill $e modi%ied.

E #his method is relative simle, $ut is ma" $ring the ro$lem o% inaccurate control %or

7s under the macro diversit".

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2' Control method $ased on all the cells in the active set

+ control method that can tae the ad-acent cells o% all the cells in the active set is a good

olic". #he ad-acent cell list is generated $" means o% the %ollo(ing method)

te 1) +dd active set cellsG

te 2) +dd the common ad-acent cells o% the cells o% all the active sets 3 active sets into

the ad-acent cell list. I% there are more than 32 ad-acent cells a%ter this action, remove randoml"

cells added in this steG

te 3) +dd the common ad-acent cells o% ever" t(o active set cells into the ad-acent cell

list. I% there are more than 32 ad-acent cells a%ter this action, remove randoml" cells added in this

steG

te D) Consider adding the common ad-acent cells o% each active set cell into the ad-acent

cell list, starting %rom the ad-acent cells o% the $est cell. I% there are more than 32 ad-acent cells

a%ter this action, remove cells $" starting %rom the (orst cell.

>ote) #he R>C B1.2 version suorts the ad-acent cell list control method $ased on the

$est cell'

3 Handover Para"eter /etting

3.1 %escri(tion

#he 88L client utilit" can $e used %or handover arameter setting. #his utilit" rovide

convenient command navigation and %unction descrition, detailed usage and arameter

descritions o% various commands.

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&igure 10 88L Client

+ccording to the %unctioning scoe, handover algorithm arameter con%iguration commands

are divided into categories) R>C*oriented glo$al arameter con%iguration and cell*oriented

arameter con%iguration.

andover common arameter con%iguration is R>C*oriented glo$al arameter setting.

oth R>C*oriented setting commands and cell*oriented setting commands are availa$le %or

the con%iguration o% intra*%reuenc" handover measurement algorithm arameters, inter*

%reuenc" handover measurement algorithm arameters and inter*s"stem handover

measurement algorithm arameters.


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/co(e

9er R>C

Range and unit

Integer1..3

$or8ing range

Integer1..3

Reco""ended value

3

5alance in setting

8odi%ication o% value is not recommended.

&odification;3uery

#o con%igure this R>C*oriented glo$al handover arameter, use the command set

hoco""G to vie( the current con%iguration o% the arameter, use the command lst

hoco"".

3.2.2 Penalty Ti"e

%efinition

9enalt"#ime, cell enalt" time arameter, as descri$ed in ection 2.2.6.

/co(e

9er R>C

Range and unit

Integer1..255, s.

$or8ing range

Integer1..60

Reco""ended value

30, namel" the enalt" time is 30 seconds

5alance in setting

#he setting o% this arameter is related to tra%%ic statistics. +ccording to the general tra%%ic

statistics result, the average duration o% a call is 60s, so the actual value range o% this

arameter is 1 to 60 seconds. I% this value is too small, the resources (ill not $e timel"

released, and there%ore the enalt" is meaninglessG i% this value is too $ig, radio lins (ill

%ail to $e timel" added, and this is $ad %or lin !o imrovement.

&odification;3uery



hoco"".

3.2.3 4vent 7F Trigger Threshold

%efinition

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R4#4to#rig6&, the trigger threshold o% event 6&. >amel", i% the time interval $et(een the

7s do(nlin receiving and the corresonding ulin transmission is greater than this

a$solute threshold, event 6& (ill $e triggered.

/co(e

9er R>C

Range and unit

IntegerE6F..12F0, chi.

$or8ing range

Integer102D..12F0chi

Reco""ended value

11E2

5alance in setting

#he value o% this arameter should not $e too close to 102DG other(ise radio lins (ill $e

removed too earl". It is recommended that this arameter $e ad-usted (ithin the range o%

11E2K3 chis. #o guarantee the 1*slot o(er control, decrease the value o% this

arameterG other(ise, it could $e increased.

&odification;3uery



hoco"".

3.2.4 4vent 7, Trigger Threshold

%efinition

R4#4to#rig6


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hoco"".

3.2.5 Ti"etoTrigger Para"eters for 4vents 7F and 7,%efinition

#ime*to*trigger arameters %or event 6& and event 6C

Range and unit

7num =F, =32, =6D, =12F, =1DD, =256, =3FD, corresonding to F, 32, 6D, 12F,

1DD, 256, 3FD $s.

$or8ing range

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7num=F,=32,=6D,=12F,=1DD,=256,=3FD

Reco""ended value

=6D.

5alance in setting

It is the rate decision threshold deciding (hether so%t handover is to $e imlemented %or

the 7 service. Ahen the ma4imum rate o% the 7 service transmission channel is smaller

than this threshold, the s"stem (ill er%orm so%t handover %or the service user so as to

ensure the !o %or the userG (hen the ma4imum rate o% the 7 service transmission

channel e4ceeds this threshold, the s"stem (ill imlement intra*%reuenc" hard handover

%or the service user so as to revent e4cessive in%luence on the s"stem caacit" caused

$" so%t handover.

&odification;3uery



hoco"".

3.2.7 /oft Handover &ethod /elect /witch

%efinition

8echod, used to select the loose*mode algorithm or the relative threshold algorithm

%or so%t handover decision.

/co(e

9er R>C

Range and unit

7num@87#=1, @87#=2, so%t handover algorithm 1, so%t handover

algorithm 2

$or8ing range

7num@87#=1, 87#=2

Reco""ended value

o%t handover algorithm 2.

5alance in setting

+lgorithm 1 is the loose*mode algorithm that adds a cell into the active set no matter the

cell triggers event 1+ or event 17, and removes a cell onl" a%ter it triggers $oth event 1

and event 1& simultaneousl". +lgorithm 2 is the relative threshold algorithm, (hich does

not involve events 17 and 1&. It adds a cell into the active set as soon as it triggers event

1+, and removes a cell %rom the active set as soon as it triggers event 1.

&odification;3uery



hoco"".

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3.2.8 Handover 'lgorith" /witches

%efinition

#his arameter de%ines the s(itches o% various algorithms related to connection*oriented

handover. #he seci%ic algorithm arameters can %unction onl" a%ter the corresonding

algorithm s(itches $eing ena$led.

/co(e

9er R>C

Range and unit

32 $its, 0OD2JDJ6E2J5G each $it can $e set at 0 or 1 to control a handover algorithm.

Currentl" there are the 1E handover algorithm s(itches, arranged as %ollo(s %rom the

lo(est $it to the highest)

o%t handover

Comressed mode maintenance algorithm at so%t handover s"nchroniation

Intra*%reuenc" hard handover

Inter*%reuenc" hard handover

3


33/54



Comressed mode Q %% C*oriented settings, use the command set;lst corr"algoswitch.

3.3 IntraFre3uency Handover &easure"ent 'lgorith" Para"eters

3.3.1 /oft Handover Relative Thresholds

%efinition

#hese arameters de%ine the di%%erence $et(een the ualit" o% a cell currentl" it is

evaluated (ith 9C9IC 7c/>o and the overall ualit" o% the active set i% (0, then it is

the ualit" o% the $est cell. #he relative threshold arameters %or so%t handover include

IntraRel#hd&or1+ relative threshold %or event 1+ and IntraRel#hd&or1 relative

threshold %or event 1.

/co(e

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9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer0O2J, corresonding to 0 to 1D.5dG con%iguration ste) 1 0.5d.

$or8ing range

Integer0O16

Reco""ended value

10, namel", 5d.

5alance in setting

ettings o% these arameters determine the sie o% the so%t handover area and the so%t

handover su$scri$er roortion. In a C=8+ s"stem, it is reuired that the 7 roortion in

so%t handover should $e 30S to D0S so as to ensure smooth handover. ased on the

simulation result, (hen the relative thresholds are set at 5d, the roortion o% 7s in the

so%t handover state num$er o% active set cells T 2 is around 35S. It is recommended that

this value $e slightl" $igger in the earl" stage o% delo"ment 5 to Ed. #o save s"stem

resources, this %igure can $e graduall" decreased (ith the gro(th o% the num$er o%

su$scri$ers, $ut it must $e $igger than 3d. #he de%ault con%iguration is 5d. In addition,

in secial alications, di%%erent relative threshold values can $e set %or event 1+ and

event 1 to reduce the ing*ong e%%ect and change the so%t handover roortion in some

secial alications. &or e4amle, i% the ad-ustment o% the h"steresis values %or events 1+

and 1 is insu%%icient %or good control o% the ing*ong e%%ect, the relative threshold %or

event 1 can $e set larger than that %or event + to reduce the ing*ong e%%ect. o(ever,

the relative thresholds %or events 1+ and 1 should generall" $e et consistentG instead,

the time*to*trigger setting, L3 %ilter coe%%icient and h"steresis value should used to reduce

the ing*ong e%%ect.

&odification;3uery

#o imlement cell*oriented settings, use the commands add;"od;r"v;lst

cellintrafre3ho. ther(ise, use the R>C*oriented glo$al settings con%igured (ith the

command set intrafre3ho as the con%iguration %or the concerned cell.

3.3.2 /oft Handover '-solute Thresholds

%efinition

#hese arameters corresond to the signal strength that satis%ies the $asic !o

assurance. #he so%t handover a$solute threshold arameters include Intra+$l#hd&or17

a$solute threshold %or event 17 and Intra+$l#hd&or1& a$solute threshold %or event 1&.

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer*20..*10, d.

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$or8ing range

Integer*20..*10d

Reco""ended value

*1F.

5alance in setting

#his value is the a$solute threshold value used in the measurement reorts o% events 17

and 1& in the so%t handover algorithm, corresonding to the signal strength that satis%ies

the $asic !o assurance. #his value a%%ects the trigger o% events 17 and 1&. ecause an

a$solute threshold is onl" a necessar" condition, $ut not a su%%icient one, %or access

-udgment, this value should $e relative loose. Aith value settings in I*J5 and the lo(er

threshold o% *20d, *1Fd is deemed to $e a reasona$le value.

&odification;3uery

#o imlement cell*oriented settings, use the commands add;"od;r"v;lst cellintrafre3ho.

ther(ise, use the R>C*oriented glo$al settings con%igured (ith the command set

intrafre3ho as the con%iguration %or the concerned cell.

3.3.3 IntraFre3uency &easure"ent Filter Coefficient


36/54



and a1, L3 %iltering is not imlemented.

+ccording to R2*000F0J, (e recommend that the commonl" used value o% the %ilter

coe%%icient $e in the range o% V0,1,2,3,D,5,6W. #he $igger the %ilter coe%%icient is, the stronger

the $urr %iltering caa$ilit" (ill $e, $ut the (eaer the signal tracing caa$ilit" (ill $e.

#here%ore, a $alance must $e made. Calculated $ased on the t"ical handover area sie

X3Y, the distance $et(een t(o >odes is 1000m, (hile calculated $ased on the D0Sso%t

handover ratio o% the entire s"stem, the t"ical handover distance $et(een t(o cells is

a$out 150m. + mo$ile station that is moving at the seed o% 20m/h goes across the

handover area in averagel" 20 to 30 seconds, (hile it taes onl" 5 to 6 seconds %or a

mo$ile station that is moving at the seed o% 100m/h to go across the handover area.

Ahen such %actors as h"steresis and trigger dela" in event -udgment are taen into

account, the tacing time needs to $e %urther reduced. ased on the anal"sis a$ove,

&ilterCoe% should $e con%igured as %ollo(s) 5 as the de%ault setting %or intra*%reuenc" %ilter

coe%%icient, and this arameter can $e ad-usted according to the actual situation. In

addition, %or di%%erent cell coverage t"es, t"ical values are recommended as %ollo(s)

a, i% the cell covers ur$an area, the intra*%reuenc" %ilter coe%%icient can $e EG

$, i% the cell covers su$ur$s, the intra*%reuenc" %ilter coe%%icient can $e 6G

c, i% the cell covers rural area, the intra*%reuenc" %ilter coe%%icient can $e 3.

#a$le 1 &ilter Coe%%icient vs. Intra*&reuenc" #racing #ime

&ilter

coe%%icient

0 1 2 3 D 5 6 E F J 11

Iteration

times

1 2 3 5 E 10 15 21 30 D2 F5

#he ta$le a$ove lists the iteration times reuired (hen di%%erent %ilter coe%%icients

are used to o$tain F5S o% the %inal outut value. +ccording to 25.133, in the

C7LL@=C state, L1 reorts the intra*%reuenc" measurement result to L3 at a

c"cle o% 200ms. Ahen the iteration times are su$stituted (ith Intra*%reuenc"

tracing time, the ta$le a$ove (ill $ecome)

&ilter

coe%%icient

0 1 2 3 D 5 6 E F J 11

Intra*

%reuenc"

tracing

time s

0.2 0.D 0.6 1 1.D 2 3 D.2 6 F.D 1E

&odification;3uery


ther(ise, use the R>C*oriented glo$al settings con%igured (ith the command set;lst


3.3.4 Hysteresis Related to /oft Handover

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%efinition

"steresis %or event triggering, including "st%or1+, "st%or1, "st%or1C, "st%or1=,

"st%or17 and "st%or1&

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer0..15 , corresonding to 0..E.5dG con%iguration ste 10.5d

$or8ing range

ta1le " Recommended Soft Handover Hysteresis Settings for Different Movement

Speeds

eed m/h Range Recommended Balue

5 6O103O5d 105d

50 DO102O5d 63d120 2O61O3d 21d

#"ical con%iguration DO102O5d 63d

Reco""ended value

63d %or events 1+ and 17, and FDd %or events

5alance in setting

&or 7s entering the so%t handover area, increase o% the h"steresis value means decrease

o% the so%t handover range, (hile %or 7s leaving the so%t handover area, it means

increase o% the so%t handover range. I% the num$er o% 7s entering the handover area is

the same as the num$er o% 7s leaving the handover area, there (ill $e no in%luence on

the actual so%t handover roortion. #he $igger the h"steresis value is, the stronger the

signal %luctuation resistance caa$ilit" (ill $e, and thus the $etter the ing*ong e%%ect (ill

$e suressed, $ut the slo(er the handover algorithm can react on signal changes.

#here%ore, in the setting o% this arameter, not onl" the radio environment slo( %ading

characteristic $ut also the actual handover distance and the 7 movement seed should

$e taen into due consideration. #he setting o% this arameter can $e ad-usted (ithin the

range o% 2 to 5d. +s events that add cells to the active set, 1+ and 17 are critical events.

In order to ensure timel" handover, the h"steresis value %or event 1+ can $e smaller, $ut

not $e too smaller, than those %or 1, 1&, 1C and 1=G other(ise, the so%t handover

roortion (ill $e a%%ected.

In addition, In addition, h"steresis ad-ustment should generall" $e considered together

(ith the %ilter coe%%icient and time*to*trigger settings.

&odification;3uery




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3.3.5 Ti"etoTrigger Para"eters Related to /oft Handover

%efinition

#ime*to*trigger arameters, including #rig#ime1+, #rig#ime1, #rig#ime1C, #rig#ime1=,

#rig#ime17 and #rig#ime1&, corresonding to the si4 events %or intra*%reuenc"

measurement resectivel".

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

7num=0, =10, =20, =D0, =60, =F0, =100, =120, =160, =200, =2D0, =320, =6D0,

=12F0, =2560, =5000, corresonding to 0, 10, 20, D0, 60, F0, 100, 120, 160, 200, 2D0,

320, 6D0, 12F0, 2560, 5000ms

$or8ing range

7num=0, =200, =2D0, =6D0, =12F0, =2560, =5000

Reco""ended value

ta1le & Recommended #ime*to*#rigger ettings %or =i%%erent 8ovement eeds

eed m/h Range ms Recommended value ms

5 6D0, 12F0 12F0

50 2D0, 6D0 6D0

120 2D0, 6D0 6D0

#"ical con%iguration 6D0, 12F0 6D0

5alance in setting

imulation sho(s that the setting o% the h"steresis value can e%%ectivel" reduce the

average handover times and mis*handover times, and thus can revent the occurrence o%

un(anted handover. #he $igger the h"steresis value is, the less the average handover

timers (ill $e. o(ever, the increase o% the h"steresis value (ill $ring more riss o% call

dro. It is stiulated in # 25.133B3.6.0 that the h"sical la"er o% intra*%reuenc"

measurement udates the measurement result ever" 200ms. #here%ore, a time*to*trigger

value $elo( 200ms does not mae an" ractical sense, and it should $e as close as

ossi$le to an integral multile o% 200ms. In addition, simulation also sho(s that mo$ile

stations moving at di%%erent seeds resond di%%erentl" to the time*to*trigger value. #he call

dro rate is more sensitive to the time*to*trigger value (hen the mo$ile station is in high*

seed movement, (hile it is less sensitive (hen the mo$ile station is in lo(*seed

movement, and ing*ong handover and mis*handover are suressed to a certain e4tent.

#here%ore, %or cells (here there are more high*seed moving mo$ile stations, this value

can $e relativel" small, (hile %or cells (here there are more lo(*seed moving mo$ile

stations, this value can $e relativel" $ig. =i%%erent t"es o% events have di%%erent

reuirements on the time*to*trigger setting) events that add cells to the active set event

1+ and event 17 generall" reuire a small time*to*trigger setting, (hile events that

relace cells in the active set event 1C and event 1= generall" reuire lo( ing*ong

"#$%$# Confidential Page #( of %&


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handover and mis*handover and do have roduce remara$le in%luence on the call dro

rate. &or the latter t"e o% events, the time*to*trigger setting can $e roerl" $ig. &or

events that remove cells %rom the active set event 1and event 1&, the time*to*trigger

value is set mainl" to reduce ing*ong handoverG the initial setting can $e the same as

that %or event 1+ and event 17, and can $e roerl" ad-usted $ased on the actual net(or

statistics result.

&odification;3uery




3.3.6 $4I,HT%efinition

Aeighted %actor (see formulas on Section 2.1.1)

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer0..20, corresonding to 0..2G ste) 0.1

$or8ing range

Integer0..10Reco""ended value

10, namel" 1

5alance in setting

#his arameter is used to determine the so%t handover relative threshold $ased on the

measurement value o% each cell in the active set. #he $igger this arameter is, the higher

the relative threshold o$tained under the same condition (ill $e. Ahen A0, the

determination o% so%t handover relative threshold is related to onl" the $est cell in the

active set.&odification;3uery




3.3.7 %etected /et /tatistics /witch

%efinition

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40/54



=etecttat(itch, used to control (hether the 7 measurement reort contains the

in%ormation o% cells in the detected set, so as to rovide statistics data %or %uture net(or

otimiation.

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

7num>, &&

$or8ing range

7num>,&&

Reco""ended value

&&

5alance in setting

In the $eginning o% net(or oeration, (hen "ou are not a$solutel" sure a$out the ad-acent

cell con%iguration, this s(itch can $e set to > so that missed ad-acent cells can $e

detected and thus handover can $e smoothl" imlemented. +%ter net(or otimiation, this

s(itch can $e set to &&.

&odification;3uery




3.4 InterFre3uency Handover 'lgorith" Para"eters

3.4.1 InterFre3uency &easure"ent Filter Coefficient


41/54



Ahere,

&n) the udated measurement result a%ter %iltering rocessing.

&n*1) the old measurement result o% the revious moment a%ter %iltering rocessing. 8n) #he latest measurement value received %rom the h"sical la"er.

a 1/2/2, (here, is %rom I7 U&ilter coe%%icientU, namel" :&ilterCoe%; here. Ahen 0

and a1, L3 %iltering is not imlemented. +ccording to R2*000F0J, (e recommend that the

commonl" used value o% the %ilter coe%%icient $e in the range o% V0,1,2,3,D,5,6W. #he $igger

the %ilter coe%%icient is, the stronger the $urr %iltering caa$ilit" (ill $e, $ut the (eaer the

signal tracing caa$ilit" (ill $e. #here%ore, a $alance must $e made. &or di%%erent cell

coverage t"es, t"ical values are recommended as %ollo(s)

a, i% the cell covers ur$an area, the inter*%reuenc" %ilter coe%%icient can $e EG

$, i% the cell covers su$ur$s, the inter*%reuenc" %ilter coe%%icient can $e 6G

c, i% the cell covers rural area, the inter*%reuenc" %ilter coe%%icient can $e 3.

&odification;3uery

#o imlement cell*oriented settings, use the commands add;"od;r"v;lst cellinterfre3ho.


interfre3ho as the con%iguration %or the concerned cell.

3.4.2 Cell Location Pro(erty

%efinitionCell9roert" cell location roert", indicating (hether the cell is located at the verge or

center o% the carrier coverage.

/co(e

9er C7LL

Range and unit

7numC+RRI7R@&R7!7>C@B7RC@C7>#7R@C7LL, cell located at carrier coverage verge / cell

located at carrier coverage center$or8ing range

7numC+RRI7R@&R7!7>C@B7RC@C7>#7R@C7LL

Reco""ended value

>one

5alance in setting

I% a cell has intra*%reuenc" ad-acent cells around it in all directions, this cell is located at

the center o% carrier coverageG other(ise, it is located at the verge o% carrier coverage. #he

location roert" o% a cell determines (hether RC9 or 7c/>o should $e used as the

"#$%$# Confidential Page +" of %&

nnn M a F a F ⋅+⋅−=

−";":


42/54



measurement o$-ect %or event 2= and event 2&.

&odification;3uery

&or cell*oriented settings, use the command add;"od;r"v;lst cellinterfre3ho.

3.4.3 Hysteresis Related to InterFre3uency Handover %efinition

"steresis %or event triggering, including "st%or2= h"steresis %or event 2=, "st%or2&

h"steresis %or event 2& and "st%or h"steresis %or hard handover

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer0..15 , corresonding to 0..E.5dG con%iguration ste 10.5d

$or8ing rangeta1le # Recommended Inter*&reuenc" ard andover "steresis ettings %or =i%%erent

8ovement eeds

eed m/h Range Recommended Balue

5 6O103O5d 105d

50 DO102O5d 63d

120 2O61O3d 21d

#"ical con%iguration DO102O5d 63d

Reco""ended value

63d

5alance in setting

#he $igger the h"steresis value is, the stronger the signal %luctuation resistance caa$ilit"

(ill $e, and thus the $etter the ing*ong e%%ect (ill $e suressed, $ut the slo(er the

handover algorithm can react on signal changes. #here%ore, in the setting o% this

arameter, not onl" the radio environment slo( %ading characteristic $ut also the actual

handover distance and the 7 movement seed should $e taen into due consideration.

#he setting o% this arameter can $e ad-usted (ithin the range o% 2 to 5d. In addition,

h"steresis ad-ustment should generall" $e considered together (ith the %ilter coe%%icient

and time*to*trigger settings.

&odification;3uery




3.4.4 Ti"etoTrigger Para"eters Related to InterFre3uency Hard Handover

%efinition

#ime*to*trigger arameters, including #rig#ime2= time*to*trigger %or event 2=,

#rig#ime2& time*to*trigger %or event 2& and #rig#ime time*to*trigger %or hard

handover

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43/54



/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

7num=0, =10, =20, =D0, =60, =F0, =100, =120, =160, =200, =2D0, =320, =6D0,


320, 6D0, 12F0, 2560, 5000ms

#he value range o% #rig#ime is 0 to 6D000ms

$or8ing range

7num=0, =200, =2D0, =6D0, =12F0, =2560, =5000

Reco""ended value

ta1le + Recommended Inter*&reuenc" ard andover #ime*to*#rigger ettings %or =i%%erent

8ovement eeds

eed m/h Range ms Recommended value ms

5 6D0, 12F0 12F0

50 2D0, 6D0 6D0

120 2D0, 6D0 6D0

#"ical con%iguration 6D0, 12F0 6D0

5alance in setting

imulation sho(s that the setting o% the h"steresis value can e%%ectivel" reduce the

average handover times and mis*handover times, and thus can revent the occurrence o%

un(anted handover. #he $igger the h"steresis value is, the less the average handover

timers (ill $e. o(ever, the increase o% the h"steresis value (ill $ring more riss o% call

dro. It is stiulated in # 25.133B3.6.0 that the h"sical la"er o% intra*%reuenc"

measurement udates the measurement result ever" 200ms. #here%ore, a time*to*trigger

value $elo( 200ms does not mae an" ractical sense, and it should $e as close as

ossi$le to an integral multile o% 200ms. In addition, simulation also sho(s that mo$ile

stations moving at di%%erent seeds resond di%%erentl" to the time*to*trigger value. #he call

dro rate is more sensitive to the time*to*trigger value (hen the mo$ile station is in high*

seed movement, (hile it is less sensitive (hen the mo$ile station is in lo(*seed

movement, and ing*ong handover and mis*handover are suressed to a certain e4tent.

#here%ore, %or cells (here there are more high*seed moving mo$ile stations, this value

can $e relativel" small, (hile %or cells (here there are more lo(*seed moving mo$ile

stations, this value can $e relativel" $ig. #he setting can $e roerl" ad-usted $ased on

the actual net(or statistics result.

&odification;3uery




3.4.5 Co"(ressed &ode 4na-le;%isa-le Threshold %enoted -y R/CP

"#$%$# Confidential Page +# of %&


44/54



%efinition

#his arameter corresonds to the a$solute thresholds %or inter*%reuenc" measurement

events (hen RC9 is used as the measurement o$-ect, including

Inter#hdsed&re&or2=RC9 a$solute threshold %or event 2= and

Inter#hdsed&re&or2&RC9 a$solute threshold %or event 2&

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer*115..*25, dm.

$or8ing range

Integer*115..*25dm

Reco""ended value

*J5dm

5alance in setting

7vents 2= and 2& are the s(itches to ena$le/disa$le the comressed mode. Ahen the cell

is located the verge o% carrier coverage, the RC9 measurement value (ill $e used as the

decision criterion %or event 2= and event 2&. #here%ore, i% "ou hoe to ena$le the

comressed mod as earl" as ossi$le, set a $ig valueG other(ise, set a small value.

&odification;3uery




3.4.6 Co"(ressed &ode 4na-le;%isa-le Threshold %enoted -y 4c;!o

%efinition

#his arameter corresonds to the a$solute thresholds %or inter*%reuenc" measurement

events (hen 7c/>o is used as the measurement o$-ect, including

Inter#hdsed&re&or2=7c>o a$solute threshold %or event 2= and

Inter#hdsed&re&or2&7c>o a$solute threshold %or event 2&

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer*2D..0, d.

$or8ing range

Integer*2D..0d

Reco""ended value

*2Dd

5alance in setting

"#$%$# Confidential Page ++ of %&


45/54



7vents 2= and 2& are the s(itches to ena$le/disa$le the comressed mode. Ahen the cell

is located the center o% carrier coverage, the 7c/>o measurement value (ill $e used as the

decision criterion %or event 2= and event 2&. #here%ore, i% "ou hoe to ena$le the

comressed mod as earl" as ossi$le, set a $ig valueG other(ise, set a small value.

&odification;3uery




3.4.7 InterFre3uency Hard Handover R/CP Threshold

%efinition

#his arameter corresonds to the a$solute threshold %or inter*%reuenc" hard handover

(hen RC9 is used %or measurement, #hdRC9./co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer*115..*25, dm.

$or8ing range

Integer*115..*25dm

Reco""ended value

*F5dm

5alance in setting

Ahen RC9 is used as the h"sical measurement uantit" and the ualit" o% the measure

cell is higher than this threshold, this cell can $e used as the target cell %or inter*%reuenc"

hard handover. I% this cell is located at the verge o% carrier coverage, the eriodic reorted

RC9 measurement value (ill $e used as the decision criterion %or inter*%reuenc" hard

handover. I% this value is too $ig, call dro is liel" to occur due to %ailure o% timel" initiation

o% inter*%reuenc" hard handoverG i% it is too small, it ma" result in e4cessivel" %reuent

verge hard handover.

&odification;3uery




3.4.8 InterFre3uency Hard Handover 4c;!o Threshold

%efinition

#his arameter corresonds to the a$solute threshold %or inter*%reuenc" hard handover

(hen 7c/>o is used %or measurement, #hd7c>o.

/co(e

"#$%$# Confidential Page +% of %&


46/54



9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer*2D..0, d.

$or8ing range

Integer*2D..0d

Reco""ended value

*16d

5alance in setting

Ahen 7c/>o is used as the h"sical measurement uantit" and the ualit" o% the measure

cell is higher than this threshold, this cell can $e used as the target cell %or inter*%reuenc"

hard handover. I% this cell is located at the center o% carrier coverage, the 7c/>o

measurement value (ill $e used as the decision criterion %or inter*%reuenc" hard

handover. I% this value is too $ig, call dro is liel" to occur due to %ailure o% timel" initiation

o% inter*%reuenc" hard handoverG i% it is too small, it ma" result in e4cessivel" %reuent

verge hard handover or call dro a%ter handover due to (ea signals o% the target cell.

&odification;3uery




3.5 intersyste" handover "easure"ent algorith" (ara"eter

3.5.1 intersyste" "easure"ent filter coefficient FilterCoef

%efinition

#he measurement smoothening coe%%icient used in L3 %iltering o% inter*s"stem

measurement reort

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit7num=0, =1, =2, =3, =D, =5, =6, =E, =F, =J, =11, =13, =15, =1E, =1J, corresonding

to 0, 1, 2, 3, D, 5, 6, E, F, J, 11, 13, 15, 1E, 1J

$or8ing range

7num=0, =1, =2, =3, =D, =5, =6, =E, =F

Reco""ended value

=D, namel" D

5alance in setting

ee ection 3.D.1. #he $igger this arameter value is, the $etter the signal %iltering e%%ect

(ill $e, and the stronger the anti*%ading caa$ilit" (ill $e, $ut the (eaer the signal tracing

"#$%$# Confidential Page +- of %&


47/54



caa$ilit" (ill $e.

&odification;3uery

#o imlement cell*oriented settings, use the commands add;"od;r"v;lst cellinterratho.


interratho as the con%iguration %or the concerned cell.

3.5.2 Inter/yste" Hard Handover %ecision Threshold

%efinition

C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer0..63, corresonding relation) 1)*110G 2)*10JG ...G 63)*DF dm.$or8ing range

Integer0..63

Reco""ended value

26, namel" *F5dm

5alance in setting

#he ualit" reuirement %or inter*s"stem cells during inter*s"stem handover. >ote) ;0; in

the arameter value range means the value is smaller than *110dm. #his value should

$e ad-usted according to the actual net(or situation.

&odification;3uery



interratho as the con%iguration %or the concerned cell

3.5.3 Intersyste" Hard Handover Hysteresis

%efinition

"st#hd, inter*s"stem hard handover h"steresis.

/co(e9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit

Integer0..15, corresonding to 0..E.5dG con%iguration ste) 10.5d

$or8ing range

Integer0..15

Reco""ended value

D2d

5alance in setting

#his arameter and the inter*s"stem ualit" threshold -ointl" decide (hether to trigger a

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inter*s"stem handover decision. #his value can $e roerl" decreased in areas (ith small

shado( %ading and roerl" increased in areas (ith $ig shado( %ading.

&odification;3uery




3.5.4 Ti"etoTrigger Para"eter for Inter/yste" Hard Handover

%efinition

#ime#o#rig&or"so, time to trigger

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

Range and unit7num=0, =10, =20, =D0, =60, =F0, =100, =120, =160, =200, =2D0, =320, =6D0,


320, 6D0, 12F0, 2560, 5000ms

#he value range o% #ime#o#rig&or"so is 0 to 6D000ms

$or8ing range

7num=0, =200, =2D0, =6D0, =12F0, =2560, =5000

Reco""ended value

5000

5alance in setting

I% the inter*s"stem ualit" satis%ies the decision condition %or inter*s"stem handover (ithin

the time seci%ied $" this arameter, the net(or (ill start the inter*s"stem handover

rocess. &or cells (here there are more high*seed moving mo$ile stations, this value can

$e relativel" small, (hile %or cells (here there are more lo(*seed moving mo$ile stations,

this value can $e relativel" $ig. #he setting can $e roerl" ad-usted $ased on the actual

net(or statistics result.

&odification;3uery




3.5.5 Inter/yste" &easure"ent Periodic Re(ort Interval

%efinition

RtInterval, the time interval at (hich the 7 reorts the inter*s"stem measurement result

to the R>C.

/co(e

9er R>C/C7LL

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Range and unit

7num=250, =500, =1000, =2000, =3000, =D000, =6000, =F000, =12000, =16000,

=20000, =2D000, =2F000, =32000, =6D000 ,corresonding to the h"sical range o% 250,

500, 1000, 2000, 3000, D000, 6000, F000, 12000, 16000, 20000, 2D000, 2F000, 32000,

6D000 ms

$or8ing range

7num=250, =500, =1000, =2000, =3000, =D000, =6000, =F000, =12000, =16000,

=20000, =2D000, =2F000, =32000, =6D000

Reco""ended value

=1000

5alance in setting

I% the value this arameter is too $ig, the measurement result ma" %ail to $e timel"

reorted

139248292 huawei irat handover

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