2011 문화에술교육 효과성 연구 예술꽃 씨앗학교를 중심으로

2011 -

2011 -

2011.12

KACES-1140-R014

ISBN

978-89-97100-45-3 03600

Tel. (02)6209-5900

Fax. (02)6209-5999

E-mail. [email protected]

www.arte.or.kr

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2011 .

2011 12

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Abstractxxi

Abstract

Research

1) Research Purpose

The Art-Flower Seed School Project(AFSSP) was launched in 2008 for the purpose of

restoring and revitalizing local community. The AFSSP has supported elementary schools

located in farming, fishing, and mountain villages having a strong will about arts and culture

education. The AFSSP is supporting 16 more schools from 2011 including 10 schools which

have been supported from 2008. The Art-Flower Seed Schools receive one hundred million

won every year for four years to use for educational equipment, instructor, remodeling arts and

culture education facilities, expenses for events, etc. The purpose of this research is to analyse

the effects of the AFSSP on students, schools, and local community. The research result will

be used as basic data to decide whether the AFSSP will be continued or not and to suggest

the way to improve and to spread it.

2) Research Area and Methods

In this research, we ran pre/post test on 1014 students of 16 Art-Flower Seed(AFS) Schools

selected in 2011, 731 students of 10 AFS Schools selected in 2008, and 273 students of 5

general schools as a control group to study the effects of the AFSSP on students. Also, to

study the effects of the AFSSP on schools and local communities, we selected 5 schools out

of 16 AFS Schools selected in 2011 and 3 schools out of 10 AFS Schools selected in 2008

and conducted semi-standardized interview with principals, vice-principals, teachers in charge,

parents, community members, instructors of the schools. The pre test was run on June, the

post test was run on November, and the most interview was conducted on October.

The effectiveness test about students is classified into personality effect and arts and culture

xxii2011 -

effect. The personality effect is classified into self-respect/happiness, expression/creativity,

sociality/cooperation. The arts and culture effect is classified into music, visual art, performance

and examine 8 subordinate areas; self-efficiency, skill, attitude to subject matter, creativity,

expression, emotion, leadership, sociality.

The effectiveness on schools are examined in 5 areas; improvement of arts and cultural

environment of a school, increasing artistic ability of school members, overall education ability

of school, exterior effect promotion, and utilization of artistic infrastructure in a local

community.

The effectiveness on local communities are examined in 4 areas; improvement of arts and

cultural environment of a local community, increasing artistic ability of community members,

improvement of local environment, and utilization of tangible and intangible infrastructure in

local community.

Research Result

Students

The result of the pre-post test about the effectiveness of the AFSSP on the students shows

that it has positive effects in most subordinary areas.

First, the AFSSP increased expression, creativity, cooperation, and sociality in personality

effect.

Second, the AFSSP is effective to increase musical ability. 7 areas, exclusive of musical

emotion, showed meaningful differences statistically.

Third, the AFSSP is effective to increase visual art ability. 6 areas, exclusive of visual art

effectiveness and visual art emotion, showed meaningful differences statistically.

Forth, the AFSSP is effective to increase performance ability. All 8 areas showed

meaningful differences statistically.

Fifth, according to the analysis of several variables, the students from middle class family

and the students who were not taking private education showed the most meaningful

differences.

Abstractxxiii

School

The AFSSP brought several positive effect on the schools.

First, it made schools expand material resources and man power from the aspect of

improving arts and cultural environment of schools. The schools secure many equipments for

arts and culture education and utilize more often the manpower of arts and culture in local

communities. Together the AFSSP causes broad effects such as increasing teachers' artistic and

cultural capacitates and professionality, parents' participation, and building a network with a

local community.

Second, the AFSSP enlarged the change school members' enjoyment of culture from the

aspect of improving artistic and cultural capacitates of school members. And, authentic

education integrated the history of arts, skill, and aesthetics can be possible through

student-oriented, experience-oriented, and activity-oriented arts and culture education. Also, it

contributed to increase teachers' and students' artistic creativity by enlarging the chances to

participate in local and national level competitions and performances.

Third, the AFSSP brought very positive effect on overall education of schools. School

curriculum contains more diverse courses and contents than before and subjects and art

education programs are integrated. And, arts and culture education program focused on

learning, emotion, and cooperation brought healing effects such as behavior correction and

emotional stability of students under problematic situation. And arts and culture education

program provides chances for teachers to reflect themselves and to develop teaching methods

so they can increase their professionality and strengthen their classroom management skill and

their capacitates for guidance and career counseling. Also, teachers could understand students

deeper and re-evaluate as recovering students' diverse artistic and cultural talents. Last, the

AFSSP contributed schools had good publicity.

Local Community

The AFSSP brought several positive effects on local communities.

First, the AFSSP contributed to enlarge artistic and cultural infrastructure of local

communities by increasing professionals in the field of arts and culture education and facilities

in local communities from the aspect of improving artistic and cultural environment of local

xxiv2011 -

communities. Also, it becomes the matrix of social capitals in local communities. For example,

people who work in art and culture field and community members developed a community to

support the AFSSP. Together, due to the AFSSP, a network of arts and culture education

among schools and arts and culture associations in a local community, schools in other areas,

and related agencies.

Second, the AFSSP contributed to improve artistic capacitate of community members. The

community members' interest and participant in artistic and cultural activities and arts and

culture education. When community members have more chances to experience arts and

culture, their artistic sensibility and capacitate is developed. As the AFSSP included not only

school students but also parents and community members in educational objects, it expanded

the area of arts and culture education into lifelong education. Also, it contributes to revitalize

armature arts activities in local communities and arts activities highlighting regional

characteristics.

Third, from the aspect of improving environment of local communities, schools are reborn as

artistic and cultural spaces so facilities for arts and culture in local communities becomes to

be expanded. Due to the AFSSP, the interest in elementary schools and students and

cooperation among local communities, local enterprises, government agencies and middle and

high schools increased.

Conclusion and Suggestion

As stated above, the AFSSP contributed to the improve of students' personality and arts and

cultural aspects. And, the AFSSP caused big changes in schools and local communities.

Especially, arts and cultural environment of schools, artistic ability of school members, overall

education ability of school are improved through the AFSSP. And the AFSSP provided the

base to establish a diverse network of arts, culture, and education in local community through

increasing the service of local community for arts and culture education in school and the

service of a school for the development of local community as reinforcing mutual connection

and interdependence of a school and local community.

Until now the educational effect of arts and culture education on students, the effect on

Abstractxxv

overall educational ability of a school, or the direct effect on local community are not

researched enough. Therefore these research result are very meaningful. It is clear now that

AFSSP provides positive effects on not only students but also the overall educational ability of

a school and local community. So, continuing guideline and support is necessary to existing

and newly selected Art-Flower Seed Schools by passing down know-how and experience of the

existing ART-Flower Seed Schools to newly selected schools so the newly selected schools can

achieve what the existing schools did.

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( , 2011).

Expectancy-Value theoretical framework McPherson and ONeill (2010)

, ,

.

, , ,

( , 2001).

UNESCO Australia Council for the Arts, International Federation of Arts Councils and

Culture Agencies(IFACCA) 2004

National Art, Culture, and Education Survey

.

( , 2010)

III. 61

1 3 1

, , , / , , ,

, /, 2 ,

.

1. .

.

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3. /

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.

4. .

.

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.

622011 -

1. .

.

2. .

.

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.

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(, , , )

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7. /, , .

.

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.

III. 63

. 2 4, 5, 6 6

.

. / /

2 30

. .

.. 30

Cronbach .9304, Cronbach .9684

.

4 92 89 181

5 104 131 235

6 107 104 211

303(50.7%) 324(49.3%) 627(100.0%)

.

R

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642011 -

/

1. .

2. .

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4. . R

5. .

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7. . R

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( )

III. 65

10 .

/ .8286

/ .8435

/ .8805

.9304

.9431

.9499

.9388

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.

1)

,

.

2005

. , Arts-Echo Project, ,

, . ,

, , ,

( , 2010).

. Hansen(2011)

(cosmopolitanism) . ,

,

.

662011 -

,

.

.

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,

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III. 67

1.

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1)

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5)

4. 1)

2)

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1)

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1) , , ,

2) -, , , -

682011 -

2)

(interview

method) . (standardized interview),

(unstandardized interview), (semi-standardized interview) .

.

.

, (, 2009;

Strosberg, 1999). 3

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,

4

1

III. 69

6 10

4

. . 4

3 . 4

, , ,

(), (), (

). ( ), , , ,

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(, , ), ,

, 9. 2.

(, , , ) 9. 3.

9. 24.

4

,

(semi-standardized interview) .

(, 2005).

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(social capital)

.

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702011 -

, , , ,

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III. 71

3)

- ?

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, ) ?

- (, , ,

) ?

2.

1)

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2)

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)

3)

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2) ?

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722011 -

5) ?

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III. 73

1.

1)

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2)

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1.

2.

3.

IV. 77

.

1.

.

(quasi-experimental design) (non-equivalent control group

design) .

O1 X O2

O3 O4

1 16 , .

- . 5 ,

. 16 5 4, 5, 6.

16 . 5

,

. ,

(maturation)

. 4, 5, 6

. . 4, 5, 6

. -

6

11 .

.

782011 -

.

4

731, 1 1014, 273, 2097

. ,

. , 16

,

.

.

4

10

1

16

5

4 211(28.9%) 342(33.7%) 93(33.7%) 632(31.4%)

5 268(36.7%) 313(30.9%) 97(35.3%) 706(35.1%)

6 252(34.5%) 359(35.4%) 85(31.0%) 674(33.5%)

350(47.9%) 510(50.3%) 142(51.6%) 1025(49.9%)

381(52.1%) 504(49.7%) 132(48.4%) 1026(50.1%)

650(89.3%) 856(84.4%) 220(82.6%) 1794(88.1%)

78(10.7%) 158(15.6%) 46(17.4%) 243(11.9%)

54( 7.4%) 80( 7.9%) 11( 4.3%) 127 (6.2%)

641(88.0%) 896(88.8%) 249(91.7%) 1849(90.2%)

33( 4.5%) 33( 3.3%) 10( 4.1%) 73( 3.6%)

728(100%) 1014(100%) 273(100%) 2097(100%)

()

4 31.4%, 5 35.1%, 6 33.5% .

49.9%, 50.1% .

88.1% , 11.9%

.

6.2%, 90.2%,

3.6%

.

IV. 79

16 ,

, , 16

.

. .

, .

.

1 16

.

. 4 10

. - 3

4

.

4

- , , 1 16

.

.

1)

() /

/ -

. 3.76 3.80

,

3.77 3.84

. , , ,

.

802011 -

.

4 3.88 3.89 t=0.168 4.02 4.09 t=0.801

5 3.74 3.78 t=0.834 3.60 3.60 t=0.021

6 3.68 3.72 t=0.786 3.70 3.83 t=1.522

3.78 3.85 t=1.627 3.70 3.82 t=1.635

3.75 3.74 t=0.103 3.85 3.86 t=0.170

3.77 3.80 t=0.904 3.80 3.91 t=1.747

3.76 3.80 t=0.503 3.66 3.52 t=0.935

3.88 3.95 t=0.580 3.76 4.01 t=0.856

3.78 3.81 t=0.961 3.80 3.85 t=0.858

3.26 3.26 t=0.006 3.23 3.44 t=0.653

()

3.76

(1,016)

3.80

(1,012)t=1.080

3.77

(276)

3.84

(263)t=1.250

/

* p < .05 ** p < .01

3.76 3.77

N.S. N.S.

3.80 3.84

* p < .05, ** p < .01, N.S. None-Significance

/

/

. A16

.

IV. 81

A01 3.79 3.93 t=1.119

A02 3.77 3.78 t=0.042

A03 3.76 3.77 t=0.229

A04 3.80 4.01 t=1.355

A05 4.05 4.08 t=0.241

A06 3.80 3.93 t=0.803

A07 3.56 3.55 t=0.073

A08 3.84 3.91 t=0.502

A09 3.61 3.54 t=0.439

A10 3.61 3.72 t=0.515

A11 3.76 3.69 t=0.629

A12 3.75 3.69 t=0.855

A13 3.80 3.81 t=0.158

A14 3.74 3.71 t=0.219

A15 3.78 3.70 t=0.378

A16 3.74 4.37 t=4.882**

()

3.76

(1.016)

3.80

(1,012)t=1.080

* p < .05, ** p < .01

(/) 16

() /

/ -

. 3.67 3.77

. 3.56

3.66 .

, , , , 5

, 6, , ,

.

.

5~6 , , ,

822011 -

.

4 3.69 3.76 t=1.429 3.82 3.77 t=0.801

5 3.72 3.82 t=2.013* 3.43 3.56 t=1.265

6 3.61 3.71 t=2.013* 3.45 3.65 t=1.917

3.66 3.79 t=2.941** 3.56 3.64 t=0.978

3.68 3.75 t=1.594 3.58 3.69 t=1.377

3.70 3.77 t=1.964 3.62 3.70 t=1.274

3.49 3.76 t=3.131** 3.36 3.50 t=0.809

3.94 4.08 t=1.224 3.61 3.84 t=0.584

3.66 3.76 t=3.034** 3.60 3.65 t=0.876

3.35 3.48 t=0.627 2.99 3.84 t=2.665*

()

3.67

(997)

3.77

(1002)t=3.112**

3.56

(266)

3.66

(261)t=1.702

* p < .05, ** p < .01

/

3.67 3.56

** N.S.

3.77 3.66


/

16 /

. A16

.

IV. 83

A01 3.56 3.79 t=1.377

A02 3.75 3.75 t=0.046

A03 3.58 3.71 t=1.567

A04 3.51 3.61 t=0.654

A05 3.84 3.89 t=0.336

A06 3.93 3.97 t=0.172

A07 3.50 3.64 t=1.436

A08 3.96 3.90 t=0.333

A09 3.39 3.45 t=0.343

A10 3.65 3.86 t=1.012

A11 3.60 3.79 t=1.745

A12 3.73 3.69 t=0.436

A13 3.74 3.73 t=0.142

A14 3.66 3.78 t=0.967

A15 3.56 3.72 t=0.849

A16 3.73 4.32 t=4.362**

()

3.67

(997)

3.77

(1,002)t=3.112**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

(/) 16

() /

/ -

. 3.34 3.42

.

3.32 3.32 ,

.

, , , ,

6, , ,

.

842011 -

.

6 , , ,

.

4 3.31 3.39 t=1.594 3.49 3.45 t=0.387

5 3.42 3.46 t=0.811 3.24 3.24 t=0.008

6 3.31 3.42 t=2.505* 3.24 3.26 t=0.277

3.26 3.39 t=3.187** 3.23 3.27 t=0.528

3.43 3.47 t=0.952 3.42 3.39 t=0.434

3.37 3.42 t=1.777 3.35 3.38 t=0.555

3.20 3.41 t=2.594* 3.27 3.13 t=0.852

3.55 3.68 t=1.182 3.56 3.26 t=1.287

3.33 3.42 t=2.818** 3.34 3.38 t=0.018

3.07 3.09 t=0.121 2.93 3.16 t=0.749

()

3.34

(1012)

3.42

(1015)t=2.822**

3.32

(276)

3.32

(266)t=0.042

* p < .05, ** p < .01

/

3.34 3.32

** N.S.

3.42 3.32


/

16 /

. A4, A16

.

IV. 85

A01 3.41 3.59 t=1.157

A02 3.30 3.34 t=0.320

A03 3.32 3.47 t=1.761

A04 3.02 3.36 t=2.350*

A05 3.54 3.60 t=0.419

A06 3.39 3.52 t=0.605

A07 3.21 3.26 t=0.650

A08 3.35 3.59 t=1.341

A09 3.24 3.06 t=1.171

A10 3.28 3.34 t=0.402

A11 3.32 3.38 t=0.581

A12 3.37 3.40 t=0.420

A13 3.44 3.36 t=1.205

A14 3.44 3.45 t=0.288

A15 3.22 3.30 t=0.429

A16 3.23 3.87 t=4.915**

()

3.34

(1012)

3.42

(1015)t=2.822**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

(/) 16

2)

()

8 . ,

, , , , , ,

.

-

. 3.10 3.25

.

3.03 3.13 .

862011 -

, , , , 5

, 6, , , ,

.

.

. 5~6 , ,

.

4 3.23 3.35 t=1.857 3.37 3.29 t=0.733

5 3.10 3.26 t=2.513* 2.86 2.06 t=1.625

6 2.96 3.14 t=2.581* 2.87 3.02 t=1.258

2.87 3.10 t=4.118** 2.81 2.95 t=1.275

3.33 3.41 t=1.631 3.26 3.33 t=0.781

3.14 3.26 t=2.935** 3.10 3.19 t=1.090

2.85 3.12 t=2.526* 2.81 2.88 t=0.416

3.33 3.54 t=1.251 2.83 3.27 t=0.938

3.08 3.25 t=4.061** 3.05 3.11 t=0.813

2.82 2.74 t=0.338 3.10 3.32 t=0.551

()

3.10

(1,002)

3.25

(1,005)t=3.858**

3.03

(272)

3.13

(267)t=1.436

* p < .05, ** p < .01

()

3.10 3.03

** N.S.

3.25 3.13


IV. 87

16

. A4, A14, A16

.

A01 3.09 3.49 t=1.866

A02 3.40 3.30 t=0.688

A03 3.03 3.13 t=1.010

A04 2.67 3.29 t=3.274**

A05 3.30 3.27 t=0.173

A06 2.97 3.45 t=2.068*

A07 3.03 3.18 t=1.291

A08 3.02 3.30 t=1.335

A09 2.94 2.90 t=0.220

A10 3.06 3.17 t=0.487

A11 3.12 3.38 t=1.976

A12 3.09 3.12 t=0.255

A13 3.14 3.10 t=0.493

A14 3.22 3.22 t=0.004**

A15 2.93 3.30 t=1.461

A16 3.16 4.13 t=5.520**

()

3.10

(1002)

3.25

(1005)t=3.858**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

, , , ,

, ,

. .

, ,

.

882011 -

4 3.63 3.67 t=0.661 3.78 3.74 t=0.292

5 3.43 3.56 t=1.763 3.29 3.35 t=0.429

6 3.30 3.39 t=1.316 3.16 3.21 t=0.349

3.22 3.36 t=2.262* 3.18 3.24 t=0.441

3.68 3.73 t=0.875 3.65 3.68 t=0.316

3.50 3.55 t=1.182 3.46 3.51 t=0.564

3.17 3.43 t=2.059* 3.24 3.13 t=0.490

3.75 3.85 t=0.631 3.33 3.38 t=0.075

3.43 3.55 t=2.517* 3.42 3.41 t=0.168

3.15 2.97 t=0.620 3.55 4.05 t=1.160

()

3.45

(1018)

3.54

(1028)t=2.112*

3.40

(282)

3.44

(269)t=0.440

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.45 3.40

** N.S

3.54 3.44


16

. A4, A6, A16

.

IV. 89

A01 3.45 3.71 t=1.106

A02 3.73 3.77 t=0.219

A03 3.37 3.45 t=0.716

A04 2.96 3.60 t=2.489*

A05 3.58 3.39 t=0.982

A06 3.29 3.81 t=2.051*

A07 3.56 3.42 t=0.991

A08 3.49 3.47 t=0.058

A09 3.29 3.10 t=0.661

A10 3.50 3.55 t=0.202

A11 3.44 3.65 t=1.410

A12 3.44 3.43 t=0.055

A13 3.46 3.48 t=0.162

A14 3.48 3.45 t=0.153

A15 3.36 3.73 t=1.364

A16 3.50 4.16 t=3.233**

()

3.45

(1018)

3.54

(1028)t=2.112**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.06 3.23

.

3.06 3.09 .

, , , , 5

, 6, , , ,

.

.

902011 -

. 5~6 , ,

.

4 3.24 3.37 t=1.619 3.36 3.28 t=0.613

5 3.04 3.25 t=2.604** 2.89 3.03 t=0.980

6 2.89 3.10 t=2.885** 2.94 2.93 t=0.062

2.81 3.07 t=3.929** 2.76 2.86 t=0.784

3.30 3.42 t=1.929 3.38 3.34 t=0.404

3.12 3.26 t=2.975** 3.13 3.18 t=0.636

2.69 2.97 t=2.280* 2.88 2.70 t=0.846

3.41 3.68 t=1.527 2.93 3.19 t=0.421

3.04 3.22 t=3.957** 3.10 3.08 t=0.241

2.58 2.72 t=0.561 2.68 2.23 t=1.115

()

3.06

(1015)

3.23

(1028)t=3.927**

3.06

(282)

3.09

(269)t=0.321

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.06 3.06

** N.S.

3.23 3.09


16

. A4, A6, A16

.

IV. 91

A01 3.13 3.44 t=1.385

A02 3.52 3.50 t=0.104

A03 2.92 3.08 t=1.348

A04 2.55 3.09 t=2.029*

A05 3.29 3.22 t=0.404

A06 2.95 3.53 t=2.086*

A07 3.01 3.14 t=0.877

A08 2.81 3.09 t=1.033

A09 2.83 2.88 t=0.149

A10 3.14 3.25 t=0.356

A11 3.08 3.36 t=1.780

A12 3.06 3.12 t=0.522

A13 3.07 3.13 t=0.570

A14 3.20 3.17 t=0.132

A15 3.10 3.43 t=1.180

A16 3.07 3.99 t=4.818**

()

3.06

(1015)

3.23

(1028)t=3.927**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

- . 3.31

3.38 .

3.33 3.36

.

, , , ,

.

.

922011 -

.

4 3.59 3.58 t=0.126 3.80 3.66 t=1.006

5 3.29 3.40 t=1.385 3.04 3.21 t=1.195

6 3.06 3.19 t=1.646 3.16 3.19 t=0.226

3.05 3.23 t=2.762** 3.10 3.17 t=0.542

3.57 3.55 t=0.411 3.58 3.59 t=0.098

3.33 3.39 t=1.037 3.37 3.41 t=0.360

3.16 3.34 t=1.306 3.26 3.24 t=0.074

3.36 3.54 t=0.971 2.87 3.25 t=0.749

3.31 3.39 t=1.751 3.38 3.35 t=0.333

3.14 3.78 t=1.295 3.18 3.59 t=0.866

()

3.31

(1018)

3.38

(1025)t=1.605

3.33

(282)

3.36

(269)t=0.372

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.31 3.33

N.S. N.S

3.38 3.36


16

.

A4, A12, A16

.

IV. 93

A01 3.28 3.73 t=1.866

A02 3.40 3.41 t=0.018

A03 3.42 3.33 t=0.708

A04 2.93 3.59 t=2.510*

A05 3.40 3.43 t=0.150

A06 3.27 3.56 t=1.062

A07 3.23 3.33 t=0.823

A08 3.37 3.53 t=0.563

A09 3.17 3.13 t=0.163

A10 3.42 3.45 t=0.114

A11 3.36 3.50 t=0.812

A12 3.23 3.23 t=0.039*

A13 3.31 3.15 t=1.452

A14 3.36 3.44 t=0.346

A15 2.90 3.22 t=1.023

A16 3.52 4.18 t=3.345**

()

3.31

(1018)

3.38

(1025)t=1.605

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.30

3.39 .

3.14 3.20 .

, , , ,

.

5 .

.

942011 -

4 3.35 3.46 t=1.325 3.48 3.38 t=0.720

5 3.35 3.42 t=0.892 2.90 3.27 t=2.400*

6 3.19 3.31 t=1.502 3.04 3.22 t=1.301

3.06 3.18 t=1.966 2.90 3.10 t=1.615

3.54 3.61 t=1.288 3.40 3.51 t=0.066

3.35 3.42 t=1.345 3.21 3.35 t=1.419

2.99 3.17 t=1.410 2.89 2.95 t=0.269

3.53 3.58 t=0.292 2.97 3.56 t=1.201

2.29 2.40 t=2.434* 3.17 3.27 t=1.158

2.98 2.87 t=0.415 3.06 3.23 t=0.310

()

3.30

(1015)

3.39

(1026)t=2.042*

3.14

(277)

3.20

(269)t=1.850

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.30 3.14

* N.S.

3.39 3.20


16

. A6, A16

.

IV. 95

A01 3.33 3.62 t=1.252

A02 3.70 3.47 t=1.084

A03 3.20 3.21 t=0.087

A04 2.84 3.31 t=1.971

A05 3.61 3.53 t=0.389

A06 3.16 3.73 t=2.184*

A07 3.22 3.33 t=0.803

A08 3.11 3.44 t=1.185

A09 2.86 2.96 t=0.399

A10 3.06 3.28 t=0.770

A11 3.34 3.56 t=1.291

A12 3.24 3.34 t=0.795

A13 3.45 3.25 t=1.743

A14 3.41 3.24 t=0.839

A15 2.90 3.39 t=1.748

A16 3.40 4.18 t=4.040**

()

3.30

(1015)

3.39

(1026)t=2.042*

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.04

3.21 .

3.20 3.31 .

, , , , 4

, 5, 6, , , ,

. 5

.

962011 -

. ,

.

4 3.10 3.89 t=2.351* 3.37 3.24 t=0.869

5 3.07 3.42 t=2.035* 2.79 3.10 t=2.077*

6 3.19 3.13 t=2.180* 2.78 2.92 t=0.893

2.81 3.05 t=3.670** 2.80 2.93 t=0.973

3.27 3.39 t=1.871 3.16 3.28 t=1.063

3.08 3.22 t=2.819** 3.04 3.15 t=1.090

2.80 3.15 t=2.575* 2.77 2.84 t=0.333

3.38 3.60 t=1.178 3.00 3.44 t=0.807

3.02 3.21 t=3.843** 2.97 3.06 t=0.963

2.68 2.71 t=0.083 3.25 3.36 t=0.246

()

3.04

(1015)

3.21

(1028)t=3.745**

3.20

(278)

3.31

(270)t=1.415

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.04 3.20

** N.S.

3.21 3.31


16

. A1, A4, A16

.

IV. 97

A01 2.91 3.44 t=2.120*

A02 3.25 3.23 t=0.113

A03 2.92 3.12 t=1.645

A04 2.30 3.05 t=4.042**

A05 3.29 3.25 t=0.204

A06 2.92 3.47 t=1.915

A07 2.88 3.15 t=1.786

A08 2.99 3.34 t=1.242

A09 2.86 2.88 t=0.067

A10 2.97 3.08 t=0.363

A11 3.02 3.36 t=1.951

A12 3.04 2.98 t=0.542

A13 3.22 3.11 t=0.953

A14 3.23 3.30 t=0.299

A15 2.97 3.28 t=1.054

A16 3.14 4.25 t=5.453**

()

3.04

(1015)

3.21

(1028)t=3.745**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.38 3.44

.

3.25 3.37 .

, , , ,

.

.

.

982011 -

4 3.54 3.57 t=0.331 3.69 3.53 t=1.070

5 3.40 3.47 t=0.840 3.03 3.25 t=1.337

6 3.20 3.30 t=1.271 3.06 3.33 t=1.942

3.09 3.28 t=2.643* 3.01 3.16 t=1.125

3.66 3.61 t=0.676 3.51 3.62 t=0.856

3.40 3.45 t=0.972 3.33 3.42 t=0.849

3.23 3.33 t=0.705 3.06 3.18 t=0.533

3.49 3.60 t=0.540 2.83 3.63 t=1.483

3.37 3.45 t=1.522 3.30 3.35 t=0.533

3.18 2.96 t=0.699 3.18 3.64 t=0.923

()

3.38

(1012)

3.44

(1025)t=1.326

3.25

(281)

3.37

(269)t=1.331

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.38 3.25

N.S. N.S.

3.44 3.37


16

.

, A4, A8, A16 .

IV. 99

A01 3.30 3.68 t=1.419

A02 3.54 3.45 t=0.450

A03 3.40 3.45 t=0.356

A04 2.84 3.48 t=2.821**

A05 3.67 3.59 t=0.346

A06 3.19 3.56 t=1.323

A07 3.33 3.29 t=0.205

A08 3.13 3.76 t=2.209*

A09 3.14 2.96 t=0.640

A10 3.39 3.28 t=0.346

A11 3.53 3.60 t=0.413

A12 3.29 3.17 t=0.912

A13 3.49 3.29 t=1.618

A14 3.37 3.53 t=0.740

A15 3.13 3.39 t=0.842

A16 3.43 4.23 t=3.902**

()

3.38

(1012)

3.44

(1025)t=1.326

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 2.51

2.78 .

2.39 2.64 .

, , , , 4

, 5, 6, , , , ,

.

, .

, ,

.

1002011 -

.

4 2.57 2.79 t=2.588* 2.47 2.70 t=1.431

5 2.49 2.78 t=3.523** 2.34 2.58 t=1.581

6 2.48 2.78 t=3.688** 2.40 2.64 t=1.568

2.32 2.70 t=5.571** 2.23 2.53 t=2.416*

2.70 2.87 t=2.510** 2.57 2.76 t=1.464

2.56 2.80 t=4.528** 2.50 2.68 t=2.150*

2.23 2.64 t=3.075** 2.14 2.51 t=1.637

2.82 3.17 t=1.803 2.27 2.75 t=1.080

2.48 2.76 t=5.630** 2.42 2.63 t=2.194

2.53 2.41 t=0.369 2.14 2.73 t=1.222

()

2.51

(1015)

2.78

(1025)t=5.566**

2.39

(279)

2.64

(270)t=2.751**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

2.51 2.39

** **

2.78 2.64


16

. A5, A7, A11, A16

.

IV. 101

A01 2.56 2.99 t=1.696

A02 2.85 2.67 t=0.957

A03 2.48 2.70 t=1.544

A04 2.43 2.93 t=1.884

A05 2.58 2.59 t=0.039*

A06 2.45 2.95 t=1.739

A07 2.29 2.77 t=3.077**

A08 2.53 2.82 t=1.132

A09 2.76 2.52 t=0.957

A10 2.39 2.48 t=0.318

A11 2.40 2.92 t=3.131**

A12 2.58 2.75 t=1.326

A13 2.48 2.63 t=1.246

A14 2.72 2.63 t=0.418

A15 3.39 2.91 t=1.715

A16 2.56 3.84 t=5.480**

()

2.51

(1015)

2.78

(1025)t=5.566**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 2.74

2.96 .

2.63 2.73 .

, , , , 4

, 5, 6, , , , ,

.

5 .

, ,

1022011 -

.

.

4 2.83 3.04 t=2.557* 2.94 2.75 t=1.207

5 2.76 2.97 t=2.683** 2.43 2.73 t=2.160*

6 2.63 2.88 t=3.245** 2.55 2.67 t=0.950

2.57 2.88 t=4.648** 2.51 2.61 t=0.823

2.90 3.06 t=2.387** 2.77 2.85 t=0.725

2.77 2.97 t=4.058** 2.68 2.77 t=0.993

2.56 2.90 t=2.654** 2.41 2.44 t=0.117

2.97 3.23 t=1.329 2.47 3.00 t=1.106

2.73 2.96 t=4.706** 2.64 2.71 t=0.794

2.33 2.54 t=0.761 2.45 2.77 t=0.577

()

2.74

(1016)

2.96

(1025)t=4.855**

2.63

(281)

2.73

(270)t=1.223

* p < .05, ** p < .01

2.74 2.63

** N.S.

2.96 2.73


16

. A1, A4, A11, A16

.

IV. 103

A01 2.76 3.29 t=2.154*

A02 3.05 2.84 t=1.132

A03 2.69 2.81 t=1.160

A04 2.50 3.07 t=2.365*

A05 2.89 3.18 t=1.320

A06 2.48 2.97 t=1.591

A07 2.71 2.80 t=0.626

A08 2.70 3.01 t=1.132

A09 2.64 2.75 t=0.465

A10 2.61 3.00 t=1.539

A11 2.73 3.11 t=2.292*

A12 2.86 2.93 t=0.524

A13 2.65 2.74 t=0.776

A14 2.98 3.00 t=0.093

A15 2.67 3.01 t=1.194

A16 2.69 3.96 t=5.827**

()

2.74

(1016)

2.96

(1025)t=4.855**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

1042011 -

()

8 . ,

, , , , , ,

.

-

. 3.25

3.37 .

3.24 3.32

.

, , , , 4

, , , , ,

. 6

.

,

. 4

.

IV. 105

4 3.37 3.53 t=2.490* 3.48 3.47 t=0.159

5 3.30 3.42 t=1.785 3.21 3.20 t=0.066

6 3.07 3.17 t=1.469 3.02 3.30 t=2.214*

3.08 3.23 t=2.587* 3.13 3.21 t=0.793

3.40 3.51 t=2.114* 3.36 3.45 t=0.921

3.27 3.36 t=2.200* 3.30 3.37 t=0.995

3.10 3.41 t=3.094** 3.01 3.13 t=0.642

3.49 3.64 t=0.985 3.35 3.61 t=0.529

3.24 3.36 t=3.198** 3.26 3.32 t=0.817

2.90 2.87 t=0.153 2.68 3.33 t=1.633

()

3.25

(1009)

3.37

(1005)t=3.171**

3.24

(274)

3.32

(262)t=1.174

* p < .05, ** p < .01

()

3.25 3.24

** N.S.

3.37 3.32


16

. A4, A16

.

1062011 -

A01 3.28 3.53 t=1.254

A02 3.49 3.51 t=0.155

A03 3.15 3.30 t=1.491

A04 2.98 3.52 t=3.280**

A05 3.24 3.42 t=0.958

A06 3.34 3.55 t=0.883

A07 3.12 3.24 t=1.004

A08 3.12 3.42 t=1.265

A09 3.35 3.22 t=0.572

A10 3.45 3.26 t=0.788

A11 3.16 3.35 t=1.228

A12 3.25 3.29 t=0.498

A13 3.32 3.21 t=1.230

A14 3.36 3.30 t=0.299

A15 3.29 3.55 t=1.088

A16 3.24 4.10 t=4.932**

()

3.25

(1009)

3.37

(1005)t=3.171**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.47

3.55 .

- 3.51 .

, , ,

, 4, .

.

4 ,

.

IV. 107

4 3.57 3.75 t=2.365* 3.80 3.31 t=0.836

5 3.52 3.55 t=0.473 3.50 3.38 t=0.835

6 3.33 3.36 t=0.466 3.24 3.45 t=1.396

3.34 3.41 t=1.228 3.41 3.37 t=0.336

3.60 3.69 t=1.530 3.64 3.67 t=0.245

3.50 3.55 t=1.056 3.56 3.53 t=0.273

3.31 3.57 t=2.159* 2.29 3.40 t=0.641

3.74 3.82 t=0.453 3.67 3.69 t=0.040

3.46 3.36 t=1.816 3.50 3.50 t=0.075

2.97 3.06 t=0.329 3.50 3.81 t=0.911

()

3.47

(1017)

3.55

(1026)t=1.814

3.51

(280)

3.51

(268)t=0.064

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.47 3.51

N.S. N.S.

3.55 3.51


16

. A16

.

1082011 -

A01 3.35 3.61 t=1.150

A02 3.70 3.72 t=0.174

A03 3.36 3.45 t=0.782

A04 3.25 3.71 t=1.985

A05 3.51 3.48 t=0.144

A06 3.44 3.78 t=1.488

A07 3.52 3.43 t=0.647

A08 3.50 3.51 t=0.068

A09 3.38 3.42 t=0.117

A10 3.78 3.83 t=0.179

A11 3.31 3.55 t=1.549

A12 3.48 3.43 t=0.488

A13 3.59 3.46 t=1.295

A14 3.43 3.48 t=0.251

A15 3.50 3.83 t=1.276

A16 3.43 4.16 t=3.769**

()

3.47

(1017)

3.55

(1026)t=1.814

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.06 3.20

, .

3.03 3.11 .

, , , , 4

, 5, , , , ,

.

.

,

IV. 109

. 4~5 ,

.

4 3.20 3.36 t=1.980* 3.31 3.23 t=0.563

5 3.52 3.27 t=2.062** 2.99 3.05 t=0.425

6 2.87 2.97 t=1.460 2.80 3.04 t=1.615

2.95 3.09 t=2.133* 2.95 3.01 t=0.462

3.16 3.31 t=2.392* 3.14 3.22 t=0.800

3.08 3.19 t=2.301* 3.09 3.15 t=0.634

2.91 3.21 t=2.380* 2.83 2.94 t=0.497

3.44 3.58 t=0.825 3.30 3.50 t=0.354

3.04 3.19 t=3.113** 3.05 3.11 t=0.700

2.56 2.60 t=0.158 2.40 3.00 t=1.292

()

3.06

(1018)

3.20

(1025)t=3.028**

3.03

(280)

3.11

(269)t=0.941

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.06 3.03

** N.S.

3.20 3.11


16

. A4, A11, A16

.

1102011 -

A01 3.10 3.38 t=1.183

A02 3.40 3.32 t=0.474

A03 2.93 3.07 t=1.203

A04 2.79 3.29 t=2.179*

A05 3.00 3.15 t=0.763

A06 3.19 3.52 t=1.205

A07 2.93 3.06 t=0.871

A08 2.93 3.13 t=0.821

A09 3.33 3.13 t=0.749

A10 3.39 3.10 t=0.942

A11 2.86 3.21 t=2.029*

A12 3.06 3.11 t=0.457

A13 3.14 3.07 t=0.581

A14 3.07 3.07 t=0.021

A15 3.24 3.44 t=0.721

A16 3.10 4.05 t=4.560**

()

3.06

(1018)

3.20

(1025)t=3.028**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

- . 3.49

3.59 , .

3.54 3.59 .

, , , ,

, .

6 .

,

.

IV. 111

4 3.65 3.80 t=1.942 3.86 3.75 t=0.770

5 3.57 3.64 t=0.911 3.67 3.41 t=0.351

6 3.27 3.34 t=1.030 3.31 3.62 t=2.365*

3.30 3.45 t=2.262* 3.46 3.46 t=0.030

3.68 3.73 t=0.835 3.64 3.74 t=0.876

3.51 3.57 t=1.295 3.59 3.65 t=0.657

3.37 3.69 t=2.649** 3.38 3.41 t=0.138

3.56 3.79 t=1.349 3.50 3.69 t=0.397

3.50 3.59 t=1.940 3.59 3.60 t=0.110

3.10 3.06 t=0.155 2.70 3.41 t=1.401

()

3.49

(1018)

3.59

(1025)t=2.100*

3.54

(280)

3.59

(270)t=0.519

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.49 3.54

* N.S.

3.59 3.59


16

. A4, A16

.

1122011 -

A01 3.57 3.70 t=0.553

A02 3.64 3.77 t=0.696

A03 3.39 3.48 t=0.792

A04 3.32 3.91 t=2.425*

A05 3.44 3.47 t=0.601

A06 3.56 3.75 t=0.673

A07 3.42 3.56 t=1.040

A08 3.53 3.69 t=0.526

A09 3.45 3.54 t=0.332

A10 3.67 3.53 t=0.464

A11 3.47 3.52 t=0.255

A12 3.52 3.48 t=0.412

A13 3.51 3.38 t=1.154

A14 3.55 3.63 t=0.366

A15 3.47 3.72 t=0.942

A16 3.57 4.36 t=3.998**

()

3.49

(1018)

3.59

(1025)t=2.100*

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.35

3.45 , .

3.29 3.31 .

, , , , 4

, , ,

. 6 .

4, , ,

.

IV. 113

4 3.37 3.62 t=3.237** 3.60 3.40 t=1.491

5 3.46 3.52 t=0.739 3.28 3.23 t=0.375

6 3.22 3.24 t=0.169 2.98 3.33 t=2.516*

3.17 3.30 t=2.003* 3.18 3.20 t=0.141

3.53 3.62 t=1.497 3.42 3.44 t=0.186

3.40 3.46 t=1.112 3.36 3.39 t=0.283

3.05 3.42 t=3.016** 3.05 2.99 t=0.286

3.55 3.65 t=0.623 3.30 3.88 t=1.059

3.35 3.45 t=2.232* 3.33 3.29 t=0.388

2.95 3.07 t=0.412 2.65 3.41 t=1.696

()

3.35

(1015)

3.45

(1026)t=2.357*

3.29

(280)

3.31

(267)t=0.304

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.35 3.29

* N.S.

3.45 3.31


16

. A4, A16

.

1142011 -

A01 3.38 3.55 t=0.745

A02 3.79 3.76 t=0.223

A03 3.15 3.37 t=1.926

A04 2.98 3.53 t=2.485*

A05 3.46 3.53 t=0.318

A06 3.50 3.66 t=0.544

A07 3.11 3.25 t=1.018

A08 3.26 3.62 t=1.263

A09 3.38 3.17 t=0.732

A10 3.72 3.23 t=1.900

A11 3.28 3.39 t=0.630

A12 3.40 3.46 t=0.491

A13 3.39 3.29 t=0.991

A14 3.61 3.37 t=1.189

A15 3.42 3.64 t=0.829

A16 3.24 4.06 t=4.025**

()

3.35

(1015)

3.45

(1026)t=2.357*

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.24

3.38 , .

.

, , , ,

, , ,

. 6

.

. ,

IV. 115

.

4 3.36 3.50 t=1.732 3.54 3.40 t=0.940

5 3.30 3.45 t=1.796 3.13 3.23 t=0.699

6 3.08 3.20 t=1.604 2.95 3.32 t=2.263*

3.06 3.24 t=2.583* 3.09 3.20 t=0.789

3.42 3.53 t=1.674 3.34 3.46 t=0.186

3.26 3.37 t=2.259* 3.28 3.36 t=0.829

3.16 3.45 t=2.182* 2.92 3.13 t=0.922

3.58 3.69 t=0.653 3.53 3.88 t=0.617

3.22 3.37 t=2.934** 2.23 3.29 t=0.751

2.97 2.91 t=0.185 2.41 3.45 t=1.850

()

3.24

(1017)

3.38

(1023)t=2.864**

3.20

(278)

3.27

(270)t=1.236

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.24 3.20

** N.S.

3.38 3.27


16

. A4, A16

.

1162011 -

A01 3.21 3.52 t=1.226

A02 3.46 3.51 t=0.303

A03 3.14 3.28 t=1.181

A04 2.80 3.64 t=3.952**

A05 3.19 3.47 t=1.199

A06 3.35 3.70 t=1.230

A07 3.11 3.27 t=1.080

A08 2.96 3.43 t=1.567

A09 3.38 3.15 t=0.781

A10 3.44 3.13 t=0.971

A11 3.22 3.31 t=0.456

A12 3.23 3.26 t=0.300

A13 3.40 3.31 t=0.819

A14 3.30 3.23 t=0.302

A15 3.33 3.68 t=1.223

A16 3.30 3.99 t=2.993**

()

3.24

(1017)

3.38

(1023)t=2.864**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.27 3.35

.

3.25 3.37 .

, , , ,

.

6 .

.

IV. 117

4 3.50 3.55 t=0.650 3.48 3.55 t=0.428

5 3.30 3.42 t=1.306 3.25 3.22 t=0.170

6 3.01 3.21 t=1.231 3.02 3.34 t=1.993*

3.11 3.18 t=1.030 3.05 3.27 t=1.564

3.42 3.53 t=1.631 3.46 3.48 t=0.199

3.26 3.34 t=1.462 3.30 3.44 t=1.377

3.28 3.44 t=1.224 3.12 3.17 t=0.235

3.37 3.62 t=1.369 3.33 3.88 t=0.197

3.27 3.35 t=1.497 3.28 3.36 t=0.810

2.84 2.72 t=0.403 2.55 3.73 t=2.305

()

3.27

(1015)

3.35

(1025)t=1.673

3.25

(279)

3.37

(270)t=1.285

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.27 3.25

N.S. N.S.

3.35 3.37


16

. ,

A16 .

1182011 -

A01 3.35 3.51 t=0.690

A02 3.38 3.43 t=0.253

A03 3.31 3.29 t=0.155

A04 3.13 3.56 t=1.841

A05 3.33 3.36 t=0.120

A06 3.39 3.44 t=0.176

A07 3.06 3.24 t=1.224

A08 3.06 3.53 t=1.518

A09 3.45 3.35 t=0.356

A10 3.39 3.10 t=0.848

A11 3.24 3.36 t=0.665

A12 3.29 3.29 t=0.032

A13 3.23 3.13 t=0.798

A14 3.29 3.27 t=0.107

A15 3.33 3.53 t=0.720

A16 3.36 4.14 t=3.782**

()

3.27

(1015)

3.35

(1025)t=-1.673

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.21

3.39 , .

3.20 3.38 .

, , , , 4

, 5, , , , ,

.

.

. 4~5 ,

IV. 119

.

4 3.30 3.47 t=2.236* 3.32 3.45 t=0.868

5 3.26 3.48 t=2.751** 3.21 3.34 t=0.852

6 3.06 3.21 t=1.929 3.06 3.34 t=1.770

3.03 3.23 t=3.010** 3.04 3.22 t=1.429

3.38 3.54 t=2.740** 3.39 3.56 t=1.582

3.26 3.38 t=2.651** 3.30 3.41 t=1.268

2.91 3.37 t=3.458** 2.85 3.29 t=1.982

3.54 3.50 t=0.223 3.17 3.75 t=1.091

3.18 3.39 t=4.399** 3.25 3.38 t=1.413

3.03 2.94 t=0.286 2.41 3.20 t=1.504

()

3.21

(1017)

3.39

(1027)t=3.898**

3.20

(280)

3.38

(268)t=2.065*

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.21 3.20

** *

3.39 3.38


16

. A4, A11, A16

.

1202011 -

A01 3.22 3.63 t=1.973

A02 3.46 3.54 t=0.492

A03 3.13 3.34 t=1.812

A04 2.95 3.45 t=2.122*

A05 3.29 3.52 t=1.037

A06 3.39 3.42 t=0.119

A07 3.07 3.18 t=0.744

A08 3.07 3.38 t=1.149

A09 3.60 3.15 t=1.703

A10 3.17 3.45 t=0.879

A11 2.99 3.38 t=2.205*

A12 3.08 3.27 t=1.594

A13 3.42 3.30 t=1.084

A14 3.29 3.26 t=0.151

A15 3.11 3.51 t=1.480

A16 3.20 4.04 t=4.185**

()

3.21

(1017)

3.39

(1027)t=3.898**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 2.85 3.03

, .

2.81 2.91 .

, , , , 5

, 6, , , , ,

.

.

,

IV. 121

. 5~6 ,

.

4 2.98 3.12 t=1.852 2.97 3.04 t=0.480

5 2.85 3.07 t=2.795** 2.75 2.87 t=0.809

6 2.07 2.88 t=2.430* 2.72 2.81 t=0.626

2.71 2.92 t=3.142** 2.75 2.82 t=0.529

2.98 3.14 t=2.666** 2.89 3.02 t=1.209

2.86 3.02 t=3.270** 2.87 2.98 t=1.238

2.76 3.07 t=2.645** 2.67 2.70 t=0.107

3.16 3.38 t=1.311 3.00 3.06 t=0.116

2.83 3.01 t=3.969** 2.84 2.92 t=0.978

2.53 2.60 t=0.259 2.23 2.86 t=1.303

()

2.85

(1018)

3.03

(1027)t=4.014**

2.81

(281)

2.91

(270)t=1.198

* p < .05, ** p < .01

2.85 2.81

** N.S.

3.03 2.91


16

. A4, A16

.

1222011 -

A01 3.03 3.31 t=1.170

A02 3.10 3.05 t=0.236

A03 2.78 2.98 t=1.759

A04 2.59 3.05 t=2.197*

A05 2.70 3.21 t=2.572

A06 2.92 3.14 t=0.834

A07 2.76 2.87 t=0.756

A08 2.61 3.10 t=1.679

A09 2.86 2.85 t=0.011

A10 3.03 2.73 t=0.989

A11 2.78 3.03 t=1.582

A12 2.90 3.01 t=0.987

A13 2.87 2.76 t=1.021

A14 3.07 3.09 t=0.068

A15 2.92 2.99 t=0.254

A16 2.73 3.92 t=5.960**

()

2.85

(1018)

3.03

(1027)t=4.014**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

IV. 123

()

8 . ,

, , , , , ,

.

-

. 2.93

3.10 .

2.85 3.01 .

, , , , 4

, 5, 6, , , , ,

.

, .

, ,

.

.

.

1242011 -

4 2.93 3.10 t=2.573* 3.06 3.17 t=0.936

5 2.96 3.19 t=3.396** 2.72 2.94 t=1.913

6 2.88 3.02 t=2.098* 2.78 2.89 t=0.842

2.75 2.96 t=3.644** 2.62 2.84 t=2.115*

3.10 3.25 t=3.139** 3.09 3.19 t=1.039

2.96 3.11 t=3.591** 2.89 3.06 t=2.100*

2.71 3.02 t=2.924** 2.76 2.79 t=0.147

3.25 3.39 t=0.854 2.71 3.31 t=1.346

2.90 3.09 t=4.830** 2.89 2.99 t=1.309

2.67 2.71 t=0.143 2.52 3.13 t=1.539

()

2.93

(1003)

3.10

(1007)t=4.642**

2.85

(270)

3.01

(260)t=2.127*

* p < .05, ** p < .01

()

2.93 2.85

** *

3.10 3.01


16

. A3, A4, A11, A16

.

IV. 125

A01 2.73 3.15 t=1.908

A02 2.99 3.07 t=0.549

A03 2.91 3.12 t=2.019*

A04 2.44 3.17 t=4.896**

A05 2.86 3.06 t=1.168

A06 2.90 3.29 t=1.587

A07 2.81 3.01 t=1.757

A08 2.82 3.11 t=1.285

A09 3.07 2.95 t=0.577

A10 2.87 2.66 t=1.179

A11 2.76 3.02 t=2.196*

A12 3.00 2.94 t=0.610

A13 3.05 3.06 t=0.053

A14 3.18 3.17 t=0.033

A15 2.93 3.13 t=0.844

A16 3.04 4.01 t=6.001**

()

2.93

(1003)

3.10

(1007)t=4.642**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.21

3.35 .

3.13 3.27 .

, , , , 5

, , ,

.

.

1262011 -

5 , , ,

.

4 3.29 3.39 t=1.220 3.24 3.54 t=0.824

5 3.20 3.42 t=2.653** 3.03 3.13 t=0.627

6 3.14 3.25 t=1.378 2.92 3.12 t=1.216

3.01 3.19 t=2.673** 2.88 3.08 t=1.507

3.41 3.52 t=1.774 3.38 3.49 t=0.916

3.27 3.37 t=1.910 3.18 3.31 t=1.344

2.87 3.19 t=2.432* 2.99 3.09 t=0.412

3.58 3.74 t=0.925 3.07 3.44 t=0.659

3.19 3.34 t=3.136** 3.16 3.22 t=0.635

2.98 2.84 t=0.444 2.86 3.86 t=1.896

()

3.21

(1018)

3.35

(1027)t=2.978**

3.13

(281)

3.27

(269)t=1.542

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.21 3.13

** N.S.

3.35 3.27


16

. A4, A16

.

IV. 127

A01 2.98 3.43 t=1.692

A02 3.23 3.36 t=0.695

A03 3.18 3.31 t=1.040

A04 2.61 3.38 t=3.417**

A05 3.17 3.34 t=0.816

A06 3.10 3.52 t=1.456

A07 3.23 3.25 t=0.196

A08 3.11 3.40 t=1.089

A09 3.33 3.10 t=0.775

A10 3.25 2.98 t=1.086

A11 2.92 3.23 t=1.898

A12 3.19 3.14 t=0.409

A13 3.51 3.42 t=0.826

A14 3.36 3.46 t=0.463

A15 3.17 3.46 t=1.009

A16 3.31 4.18 t=4.215**

()

3.21

(1018)

3.35

(1027)t=2.978**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 2.86 3.05

.

2.76 2.94 .

, , , , 4

, 5, 6, , , , ,

.

.

, ,

1282011 -

.

.

4 2.85 3.04 t=2.222* 2.97 3.15 t=1.240

5 2.88 3.11 t=2.722** 2.62 2.80 t=1.303

6 2.83 3.00 t=2.105* 2.70 2.84 t=0.899

2.72 2.91 t=2.674** 2.52 2.77 t=1.974*

2.99 3.20 t=3.356** 3.01 3.12 t=0.992

2.91 3.07 t=3.138** 2.84 2.98 t=1.512

2.55 2.85 t=2.216* 2.51 2.83 t=1.518

3.24 3.36 t=0.629 2.73 3.38 t=1.348

2.83 3.04 t=4.218** 2.80 2.93 t=1.524

2.51 2.61 t=0.293 2.36 3.00 t=1.249

()

2.86

(1017)

3.05

(1028)t=4.087**

2.76

(279)

2.94

(269)t=2.102*

* p < .05, ** p < .01

2.86 2.76

** *

3.05 2.94


16

. A4, A11, A16

.

IV. 129

A01 2.58 3.08 t=1.962

A02 3.06 3.16 t=0.521

A03 2.76 2.99 t=1.861

A04 2.20 3.02 t=4.201**

A05 2.68 2.97 t=1.358

A06 2.90 3.33 t=1.441

A07 2.73 2.91 t=1.159

A08 2.70 3.00 t=1.046

A09 2.95 2.90 t=0.210

A10 2.64 2.48 t=0.651

A11 2.62 2.97 t=2.257*

A12 2.96 2.85 t=0.913

A13 3.09 3.06 t=0.213

A14 3.10 3.16 t=0.280

A15 2.88 3.19 t=1.060

A16 3.07 4.10 t=4.631**

()

2.86

(1017)

3.05

(1028)t=4.087**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

- . 2.49

2.58 .

2.44 2.56 .

, , , , 5

, , ,

. 5, .

, ,

.

1302011 -

4 2.45 2.52 t=1.211 2.46 2.47 t=0.107

5 2.46 2.64 t=3.035** 2.35 2.63 t=2.923**

6 3.54 2.58 t=0.828 2.52 2.56 t=0.363

2.47 2.57 t=1.854 2.39 2.61 t=2.274*

2.50 2.60 t=2.377* 2.49 2.50 t=0.142

2.48 2.57 t=2.746** 2.44 2.54 t=1.485

2.52 2.62 t=0.981 2.45 2.56 t=0.668

2.63 2.85 t=1.386 2.20 2.75 t=1.669

2.47 2.56 t=2.574* 2.46 2.54 t=1.258

2.41 2.47 t=0.286 2.36 2.55 t=0.544

()

2.49

(1013)

2.58

(1025)t=2.875**

2.44

(279)

2.56

(265)t=1.972*

* p < .05, ** p < .01

2.49 2.44

** *

2.58 2.56


16

. A4, A7

.

IV. 131

A01 2.31 2.57 t=1.467

A02 2.37 2.39 t=1.180

A03 2.58 2.58 t=0.017

A04 2.32 2.78 t=2.270*

A05 2.39 2.53 t=1.145

A06 2.32 2.77 t=1.831

A07 2.33 2.60 t=2.584*

A08 2.53 2.53 t=0.004

A09 2.83 2.71 t=0.590

A10 2.61 2.35 t=1.158

A11 2.38 2.55 t=1.379

A12 2.65 2.49 t=1.815

A13 2.51 2.63 t=1.541

A14 2.51 2.65 t=0.901

A15 2.40 2.53 t=0.560

A16 2.57 2.76 t=1.490

()

2.49

(1013)

2.58

(1025)t=2.875**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.05

3.27 .

3.01 3.13 .

, , , , 4

, 5, 6, , , , ,

.

.

, ,

1322011 -

.

.

4 2.98 3.26 t=3.740** 3.23 3.21 t=0.137

5 3.16 3.34 t=2.406* 2.87 3.12 t=1.888

6 3.03 3.19 t=2.158* 2.92 3.05 t=0.844

2.88 3.10 t=3.389** 2.76 2.98 t=1.856

3.22 3.43 t=3.737** 3.27 3.30 t=0.248

3.09 2.57 t=4.192** 3.03 3.20 t=1.825

2.83 3.07 t=1.980* 2.96 2.89 t=0.313

3.30 3.54 t=1.283 3.03 3.44 t=0.839

3.04 3.25 t=4.811** 3.04 3.10 t=0.654

2.76 2.76 t=0.025 2.50 3.45 t=2.013

()

3.05

(1016)

3.27

(1027)t=4.908**

3.01

(279)

3.13

(270)t=1.403

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.05 3.01

** N.S.

3.27 3.13


16

. A4, A7, A11, A16

.

IV. 133

A01 2.90 3.30 t=1.666

A02 3.25 3.33 t=0.411

A03 2.99 3.21 t=1.815

A04 2.64 3.33 t=3.439**

A05 3.01 3.17 t=0.865

A06 3.45 3.66 t=0.819

A07 2.77 3.19 t=3.136**

A08 3.13 3.35 t=0.867

A09 3.14 3.06 t=0.338

A10 3.06 2.70 t=1.249

A11 2.93 3.24 t=2.031*

A12 3.10 3.13 t=0.180

A13 3.12 3.25 t=1.198

A14 3.25 3.35 t=0.542

A15 3.03 3.09 t=0.262

A16 3.19 4.17 t=5.411**

()

3.05

(1016)

3.27

(1027)t=4.908**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 2.99

3.17 .

2.94 3.10 .

, , , , 4

, 5, , , , ,

.

.

1342011 -

,

. 4~5 ,

.

4 3.02 3.19 t=2.143* 3.15 3.24 t=0.589

5 3.00 3.27 t=3.279** 2.82 3.03 t=1.395

6 2.95 3.06 t=-1.331 2.84 3.03 t=1.134

2.77 2.99 t=3.108** 2.65 2.87 t=1.764

3.20 3.37 t=2.629** 3.24 3.37 t=0.966

3.01 3.17 t=3.007** 2.98 3.19 t=1.968

2.83 3.18 t=2.668** 2.82 2.82 t=0.001

3.36 3.57 t=1.021 2.83 3.56 t=1.328

2.96 3.15 t=3.724** 2.96 3.09 t=1.275

2.69 2.97 t=0.937 2.68 3.23 t=0.963

()

2.99

(1012)

3.17

(1025)t=3.871**

2.94

(279)

3.10

(268)t=1.767

* p < .05, ** p < .01

2.99 2.94

** N.S.

3.17 3.10


16

. A1, A4, A11, A16

.

IV. 135

A01 2.71 3.24 t=2.091*

A02 3.06 3.12 t=0.297

A03 3.01 3.24 t=1.792

A04 2.50 3.31 t=3.936**

A05 2.93 3.14 t=0.973

A06 2.85 3.39 t=1.732

A07 2.90 3.02 t=0.742

A08 2.76 3.19 t=1.461

A09 3.02 3.00 t=0.089

A10 2.97 2.60 t=1.360

A11 2.83 3.15 t=1.997*

A12 3.10 3.00 t=0.822

A13 3.07 3.13 t=0.457

A14 3.24 3.12 t=0.613

A15 3.03 3.22 t=0.674

A16 3.19 4.09 t=4.413**

()

2.99

(1012)

3.17

(1025)t=3.871**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 3.13 3.28

. 3.11 3.30

.

, , , , 5

, , ,

. .

5 , , ,

.

1362011 -

4 3.23 3.33 t=1.059 3.53 3.58 t=0.292

5 3.16 3.39 t=2.523* 2.82 3.03 t=1.259

6 3.00 3.11 t=1.388 2.90 3.20 t=1.601

2.90 3.09 t=2.690** 2.82 3.04 t=1.434

3.36 3.46 t=1.502 3.41 3.60 t=1.390

3.15 3.28 t=2.398* 3.17 3.38 t=1.817

3.02 3.23 t=1.435 3.00 2.99 t=0.046

3.47 3.60 t=0.682 2.73 3.44 t=1.193

3.10 3.26 t=2.885** 3.17 3.27 t=0.957

2.89 2.97 t=0.273 2.81 3.55 t=1.158

()

3.13

(1011)

3.28

(1025)t=2.880**

3.11

(280)

3.20

(269)t=1.838

* p < .05, ** p < .01

3.13 3.11

** N.S.

3.28 3.30


16

. A4, A16

.

IV. 137

A01 3.02 3.44 t=1.475

A02 2.99 3.08 t=0.424

A03 3.19 3.35 t=1.225

A04 2.59 3.43 t=3.707**

A05 3.13 3.25 t=0.495

A06 3.08 3.36 t=0.863

A07 3.05 3.19 t=0.914

A08 2.88 3.19 t=0.905

A09 3.40 3.06 t=1.244

A10 3.22 3.03 t=0.581

A11 2.99 3.19 t=1.095

A12 3.13 3.16 t=0.552

A13 3.17 3.17 t=0.014

A14 3.32 3.24 t=0.367

A15 3.13 3.26 t=0.461

A16 3.34 4.33 t=4.698**

()

3.13

(1011)

3.28

(1025)t=2.880**

* p < .05, ** p < .01

16

-

-

. 2.79

3.06

2011 문화에술교육 효과성 연구 예술꽃 씨앗학교를 중심으로

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