1. 1. < RR 2014-15> 21 (): :
2. 2. RR 2014-15 21 (): _ () _ () () () () _ ()
3. 3. v 21 . , IQ , , , . . 21 . 21 . , (, , , ) . , , . . 2014 12
4. 4. vii (creative character) . , 21 . , , . . . 21 , , , OECD , , . Martin Prosperity Institute 2011 (GCI: Global Creativity Index) GCI , , , . , 2002 OECD , .
5. 5. 21 (): viii , (thinking), , , (using language, symbols, and texts), (relating to others), (participating and contributing) . Takapuna Normal Intermediate School(TNIS), Karori Normal School(KaNS), Kelburn Normal School(KeNS) . 21 (The 21st Century Competencies) . 3 (Core Values) (Character) . , , , , , , , . (CCE: Character and Citizenship Education) . (self-awareness), (social awareness), (self-management), (relationship management), (responsible decision-making) . 2016 (entrepreneurship) . , , . , , (self-assesment) .
6. 6. ix (Learning Bridge), (LUMATE), (Yrityskyl) . 2018 . , , , . , , , , , , , , , , . , . . . , 21 . , . . , , . , . . , ,
7. 7. 21 (): x . . , . , . , . , . , . , . , (empowerment) . : , , , ,
8. 8. xi . 1 1. 3 2. 5 3. 7 . 13 1. 16 2. 18 3. 19 4. : 20 . 21 27 1. 29 2. 36 . 51 1. 53 2. 73 3. 89 4. 111
9. 9. 21 (): xii . 141 1. 143 2. 150 157 ABSTRACT 175 179 [ 1] (GCI: Global Creativity Index) 181 [ 2] LUMATE 184
10. 10. xiii < -1> , , 8 < -1> IEA ICCS 2009 49 < -1> TNIS 64 < -2> KaNS 67 < -3> KeNS 70 < -4> 75 < -5> 85 < -6> (ESP) 96 < -7> , 98 < -8> (Learning Bridge) 103 < -9> d.School 135 < -10> 137
11. 11. xv [ -1] 11 [ -1] 38 [ -2] GCI 41 [ -3] GCI 42 [ -4] GCI 42 [ -5] CCR Prism 43 [ -1] 2012-17 : 55 [ -2] 2012-17 : 1 55 [ -3] 2012-17 : 2 56 [ -4] 60 [ -5] 65 [ -6] 68 [ -7] 71 [ -8] 21 79 [ -9] (CCE) 81 [ -10] (CCE) 82 [ -11] (CCE) 88 [ -12] 1970 90 [ -13] 93 [ -14] 112 [ -15] Pacific Rim 117
12. 12. . 1. 2. 3.
13. 13. . 3 . 1. . ICT, (, 2014). 21 (creative class) (, 2014). . , , . , , , , ( , 2010; , 2007). (Feist & Barron, 2003; Feist, 2010; Katz, 1986; Kim, 2005; Martindale et al., 1984) . OECD (key competency)
14. 14. 21 (): 4 (OECD, 2003, 2005, 2014; & World Bank Group, 2014). (cognitive) (non-cognitive) . . . , , (Rychen & Salganik, 2003). (Global Creativity Index) ( , 2011; Florida et al., 2011; Heckman, Stixrud & Urza, 2006). , , (Paul, 2013). , , . , , , , , , . 1995 531 , 2009 ( , 2011; , 2010). (, 2014; , 2014). 5 ,
15. 15. . 5 ( , 2012; , 2013; , 2013; , 2013; , 2013; , 2012; , 2013; , 2013), (, 2012; , 2012; , 2010, 2011; , 2012; , 2010) (, 2012a; , 2013) . , . . . 21 . 2. . , , , , .
16. 16. 21 (): 6 . OECD(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), IEA(The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement) (Martin Prosperity Institute: Global Creativity Index, Center for Curriculum Redesign, University of Chicago: Non-Cognitive Skills Research, CASEL: Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning Program, ASPEN Institute Forum for Community Solution, IEA ICCS: International Civic and Citizenship Study) . . , , , , , , . Martin Prosperity Institute 2011 (Global Creativity Index: GCI) 10 , , . (GCI, 3), (GCI, 6), (GCI, 9), (GCI, 2) . . .
17. 17. . 7 3. . . , . . OECD: ESP(Education and Social Progress) , IEA: ICCS(International Civic and Citizenship Education Study) , World Bank, UNESCO/ Brookings : Global Citizenship Education Working Group , (Ministry of Education/ Comparative Education Research Unit), New Zealand Council for Educational Research), ( Non-cognitive skills , Pacific Rim Charter School, Northeastern University), (: National Institute of Education), (Tampere University) . . 2 , , . , .
18. 18. 21 (): 8 City of Tampere Dr. Riitta Juusenaho (TOP School ) ( ) Learning Bridge, (LUMATE), (Yritysky l) , < -1> , , . OECD , , , . , , . , , . . . , 2014 2 . . , , .
19. 19. . 9 Tammerkosken Lukio in Sampola Matti Hnnikinen () , , LUMATE Tampere University of Technology Prof. Markku Kulomaa, () Ms. Susanne Petjist ( ) , , , , TREDEA Learning Bridge Ms. Elina Harju ( ) ( ) ( , , , , , ) (, ), (EU, , ) Steiner School Jyrki Honkonen, Miia Bergman () , , , Boston University Prof. Scott Seider ( ) BU , , , , , , Academy of the Pacific Rim Charter Public School Susan J. Thompson () , , (Gambatte, Kaizen , , ) ,
20. 20. 21 (): 10 University of Massachusetts Boston Prof. Jeremy Szteiter ( ) UMB , Northeastern University Prof. Johnson Tristan ( ) , . . , , , , , , , . , [ -1] .
21. 21. . 11 [ -1]
22. 22. . 1. 2. 3. 4. :
23. 23. . 15 . . . ( ) (cognitive) (non-cognitive) . . , , 1930-40 (Schubert et al., 2002: 107-112), 1950 (Sputnik) (Schubert et al., 2002: 153-154), 1960-70 (Schubert et al., 2002: 204-205). , , () , . . , . .
24. 24. 21 (): 16 1. ? , . , (uniqueness) (usefulness) , (Feist, 2010: 114). (being good) (being relevant) (being novel) (Kaufman & Sternberg, 2010: xiii). 17 (imagination), 18 (genius) (Runco & Albert, 2010: 9), 1967 Guilford (creative thinking) (Kyung Hee, K. et al, 2010: 400). Guilford (: Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, Wallach and Kogan Divergent Thinking Tasks, Guilford Divergent Thinking Tasks ) (Kyung Hee, K. et al, 2010: 400). (person), (process), (place) ( ; product), Four Ps (Kaufman & Sternberg, 2010: xiii; Kozbelt et al., 2010: 24). , (performance) (potential) Six Ps (Runco, 2008). , , , Four Ps Six Ps . , Big-C Creativity (Kozbelt et al., 2010: 23) little-c creativity (Richards, 2007). ,
25. 25. . 17 little-c creativity mini-c creativity (Beghetto & Kaufman, 2007), Big-C Creativity little-c creativity Pro-c creativity (Kozbelt et al., 2010: 24). . , , , . (; benefits) (cost) , , (Rubenson & Runco, 1995). , (Kozbelt et al., 2010: 30). , (tolerance) (Florida, 2002). , , . , , , , , - (Cropley, 1996; Keniston, 1960; Moran, 2010; Sternberg & Lubart, 1995). , (Colligan, 1983).
26. 26. 21 (): 18 2. . , (preparation stage), (incubation stage), A-ha moment (illumination stage), , , (verification stage) (Kozobelt et al., 2010: 31 ). , (incubation stage) (illumination stage) , , , , . (Characters) (categorized) (Feist & Barron, 2003). , (unique patterns of thinking and behavior) (enduring or consistent) (Feist, 2010: 114), (pattern) . -- (cognitive-affective-psychomotor) Bloom --(cognition-affection-action) Berkowitz(2011) (Seider, 2012: 22 ).
27. 27. . 19 () , , . . , , -- . , -- 3 (Seider, 2012: 33), (Peterson & Seligman, 2004: 110-111), (Feist, 2010: 114-115). , . , (stable patterns) (possibility of change)(Peterson & Seligman, 2004: 10), . 3. Heckman . . , ? (Heckman & Masterov, 2007; Heckman, Moon & Pinto, 2010).
28. 28. 21 (): 20 , , , , , , . , . (personality traits), (character strengths), (character skills) (OECD, 2006; Paul, 2013). . , , (Feist & Barron, 2003). , , (Feist, 2010: 120). , (intelligence) , (Kim, 2005), . , (Jausovec, 2000), (Katz, 1986; Martindale et al., 1984). , . 4. : . Guilford(1950) Torrance(1959), Vygotsky(1967, 2004) .
29. 29. . 21 (Wells & Claxton, 2002), (Craft, 2005). , Pestalozzi, Froebel, Peabody (Feldman & Benjamin, 2006). , , . , . , , , . Guilford(1950) , . Vygotsky(1967, 2004) . (Genetic Epistemology) Piaget Duckworth(1972, 2006) . Critical exploration(Duckworth, 2006: 157) , , , , , . , (Duckworth, 2006: 1-30). , , (Duckworth, 2006: 157-192). , ,
30. 30. 21 (): 22 . (, 2012b) . , . , , . () ? (Meno) (Elgin, 1999), - Kohlberg Aristotle Kant . - - Kohlberg . (learning by doing) Aristotle (catechism of right) Kant (Fullinwider, 1989). , , , , , . . , , , , .
31. 31. . 23 , , , (divergent thinking), (association), (meta-cognition) 1) , , (Kozbelt et al., 2010: 31). (intelligence) , Gardner(1995) 8 . , , Sternberg Lubart(1991) 6 , (), , , , . , , , (Barron, 1995; Helson, 1972), , , , (risk taking), (personal energy), , , (attraction to complexity and novelty), , , (need for privacy), (heightened perception), , , , (self-accepting), , , , , (Davis, 1992). (Nie & Zheng, 2005), . , . , , 1) (convergent thinking) , . , , (Mednick, 1962; Torrance, 1995; Cropley, 2006 ).
32. 32. 21 (): 24 . . . , . , , () (right hemisphere) , , , (left hemisphere) (Feist, 2010: 118). , (Kaufman, 2010: 221), (Jausovec, 2000), (Katz, 1986; Martindale et al., 1984). , , . . , , Gardner(2007) (Moran, 2010: 77). ( , , ) . , , . (standardized test)
33. 33. . 25 (McNeil, 2000), (quantitative test) . . , (Amabile, 1990; Witt & Boerkem, 1989). : 5 13 . , 65 . , . , , 5 , 12 60 . 13 60 5 , 65, 65 . (Smith & Smith, 2010: 250, ). . ? ? ? . . , . , , , , , .
34. 34. 21 (): 26 , , , , (Eysenck, 1995), (schizotypal personality disorder) (Martindale, 2007), , (Kaufman, 2010: 383), . , (Kaufman et al., 2010: 220), , (Bogen & Bogen, 1988; Carson et al., 2003; Feist, 2010), , .
35. 35. . 21 1. 2.
36. 36. . 21 29 . 21 1. . ? , . , . (2014) (creative jobs) 2012 294 4 30 , 25% . , 27.6% 44%, 57% . , , (, 2014: 73 ). . Richard(2014) 1960-2009 (unscripted communication) (solving unstructured problems)
37. 37. 21 (): 30 (routine manual and cognitive tasks) . Richard(2014) , , , , , . . ? 21 , . , (entrepreneurship) . (2011) 2000 10 (2012) 2000 . , . , 8.1%, 25-29 25% . 2003 , ( , 2012: 381-386 ). , . . (2011) .
38. 38. . 21 31 (bricolage) 21 .2) . IMF , . 2 . 21 , . Glavenau(2010) Hanna(2005), (2011) , , , . I- We-(, 2011: 110-112). (2011) (collective intelligence) (collective creativity) . (knowledge platform), , (, 2011: 71). 21 , , . Martin Prosperity Institute 2011 (Global Creativity Index) (Tolernce) 2) (Levi-Strauss, 1962) . (, 2011: 229).
39. 39. 21 (): 32 , (Talent) (Florida et al., 2011). 21 ? , . . , OECD(2014) (character skills) (character strength) Heckman (2014) (Education and Social Progress) 2010 . 21 . . ( & World Bank Group, 2014) . , (Creativity is dealt as a competency in creative education, Emphasis on social and emotional competencies with cognitive competencies in creative education, Strengthening art and physical education in creative education) ( & World Bank Group, 2014: 146-148). , 21 (character) (Core Values) , , , , , , (underpinned) ( & World Bank, 2014: 146 ).
40. 40. . 21 33 (Character and Citizenship Education) (Cristine, 2014). 21 , , , 21 . , . . . 7 , 2007 , . 1 1954 , ( , 2003: 429-430). 1 , 1963 2 ( , 2003: 430). , 1973 3 Bruner , 1982 4 ( , 2003: 432-434). 5 7
41. 41. 21 (): 34 ( , 2003: 435). 2007 2009 . (Schubert et al., 2002). (, , , ) . . (2010) , . 2008 ( , 2010: 15-18 ) , , , . . , . , , (2013), (2013), (2013), (2013), (2012) ,
42. 42. . 21 35 , . (2013) , , (2012a), (2012), (2012), (2010), (2009) . , (2012), (2012), (2012), (2011; 2010), (2010), (2004), (1997) . (2013), (2012), (2003) . , , . , , . , , (, 2013). , ( ) 21 . , , . , . , .
43. 43. 21 (): 36 2. . OECD: ESP(Education and Social Progress) OECD (Definition and Selection of Competencies: DeSeCo) . OECD 1997 (PISA) PISA , , , . DeSeCo ( ) , . , , , , , , , , . DeSeCo . , , . , (reflectiveness) . . DeSeCo . ,
44. 44. . 21 37 (OECD, 2003). 1997 DeSeCo DeSeCo Social Outcomes of Learning(SOL) , OECD -- (Education and Social Progress: ESP) . , . (ESP) , . 2011~2012 1 (: (KYPS) ) ( , 2011; , 2012), 2013 2 . OECD , . 2014 , 2015 ( , 2013). , ESP (character skills) (personality traits) . ESP . , , . , , , , , .
45. 45. 21 (): 38 [ -1] : OECD(2014). Skills for Social Progress: 24 DeSeCo ESP OECD . OECD , . OECD . . OECD , .
46. 46. . 21 39 . GCI(Global Creativity Index) ( GCI) Martin Prosperity Institute 2011 (Florida et al., 2011). 90 2004 . 2011 82 GCI . , , GCI . . , , , . GCI , , (Technology), (Talent), (Tolerance) 3T . . (Technology): . , , . 3 . - R&D (GDP R&D ) - R&D ( ) - (1 ) 1, 2, 3,4,5 . 8 . (Talent): (, ) , , .