The MongolsThe Mongols

Chapter 12.2 & 12.3Chapter 12.2 & 12.3

Nomads of the Asian SteppeNomads of the Asian Steppe

EurasiaEurasia Vast belt of dry Vast belt of dry

grassland (grassland (steppesteppe)) Pastoralist:Pastoralist: herded herded

domesticated domesticated animalsanimals

Continued. . .Continued. . .

Moved by seasonal Moved by seasonal pattern.pattern.

Animals: food, Animals: food, clothing & housing.clothing & housing.

Lived in portable Lived in portable tents “yurts.”tents “yurts.”

Lived and traveled Lived and traveled in in clansclans

Nomads & Settled SocietiesNomads & Settled Societies

Often had peaceful tradeOften had peaceful trade Trade: horses for grain, metal, cloth Trade: horses for grain, metal, cloth

& tea& tea Tempted by rich land & wealth of Tempted by rich land & wealth of

societiessocieties

Invasions 1200’sInvasions 1200’s

Mongols-Ferocious Mongols-Ferocious Asian HorsemenAsian Horsemen

Attacked Asian Attacked Asian steppes steppes

Ruthless brutality: Ruthless brutality: savage burning & savage burning & KillingKilling

Genghis KhanGenghis Khan Pg 331Pg 331 controls all of Central Asia, controls all of Central Asia,

including Chinaincluding China *Gifted strategist*Gifted strategist

– Send a small cavalry to Send a small cavalry to fight; pretend to retreat; fight; pretend to retreat; opposers follow and are opposers follow and are ambushed by entire ambushed by entire Mongol armyMongol army

Cruelty was the main Cruelty was the main weaponweapon

*Kills entire population*Kills entire population invade China, Russia and invade China, Russia and

KoreaKorea

Batu KhanBatu Khan grandsongrandson demolished Kievdemolished Kiev *“No eye remained *“No eye remained

to weep”to weep” Empire’s name: Empire’s name:

Khanate of the Khanate of the Golden HoardeGolden Hoarde

Rule S. Russia for Rule S. Russia for 200 yrs.200 yrs.

*Life of Mongol soldier*Life of Mongol soldier (Pg 332-333) Each soldier had 3 (Pg 332-333) Each soldier had 3

horses; by changing mounts horses; by changing mounts soldiers could stay on the mount soldiers could stay on the mount for up to 10 days and nightsfor up to 10 days and nights

Covered 120 miles a dayCovered 120 miles a day If food was low they could make a If food was low they could make a

small gash in the neck of one of small gash in the neck of one of the horses and drink their blood the horses and drink their blood to sustain themselvesto sustain themselves

Used stirrupsUsed stirrups Weapons: leather armor, lance, Weapons: leather armor, lance,

dagger, bow and arrow and horsedagger, bow and arrow and horse Silk underwear which arrows Silk underwear which arrows

could barely pierce; if shot they could barely pierce; if shot they could pull the arrow cleanly out of could pull the arrow cleanly out of the wound.the wound.

Women traveled with army; Women traveled with army; they fought, milked livestock they fought, milked livestock and treated the woundedand treated the wounded

Carried oxen, 10,000 soldiers Carried oxen, 10,000 soldiers and familyand family

Mongols Over RussiaMongols Over Russia Russia kept traditionsRussia kept traditions No rebellions allowedNo rebellions allowed Church acted as mediatorChurch acted as mediator Mongols demanded absolute obedience and Mongols demanded absolute obedience and

massive massive TributesTributes Russia was isolated from the WestRussia was isolated from the West

MoscowMoscow and Ivan lll and Ivan lll

Ivan III became the Ivan III became the prince of Russia; prince of Russia; CzarCzar

Wanted to make Wanted to make Russia into 3Russia into 3rdrd RomeRome

1480 Ivan III broke 1480 Ivan III broke from the Mongols.from the Mongols.

Mongol Rule: Good vs. BadMongol Rule: Good vs. Bad

Most places never recoveredMost places never recovered

1250-1350 A.D. 1250-1350 A.D. Pax Mongolica Pax Mongolica or or

Mongol Peace.Mongol Peace. Most active trade btw Europe & Asia; Most active trade btw Europe & Asia;

gunpowdergunpowder

Mongols in ChinaMongols in China Kublai Khan-(Kublai Khan-(Great Khan) Great Khan)

expands empire into expands empire into China; Yuan dynastyChina; Yuan dynasty

Unites China, open China Unites China, open China to foreign trade & to foreign trade & maintained Chinese maintained Chinese culture culture

Tried to take over Japan Tried to take over Japan twice and fails twice and fails

Kamikaze-Kamikaze- divine wind divine wind Mongols have little in Mongols have little in

common w/ Chinese; live common w/ Chinese; live separately and have separately and have different lawsdifferent laws

Mongols & foreigners Mongols & foreigners have good jobshave good jobs

K.K. restored Grand K.K. restored Grand Canal and built a Canal and built a paved highwaypaved highway

Silk roadSilk road: from Asia to : from Asia to Europe. traded Europe. traded compass, paper $ and compass, paper $ and playing cardsplaying cards

Marco PoloMarco Polo VeniceVenice He traveled Silk Roads He traveled Silk Roads

(1275)(1275) Supposedly K.K. sent him Supposedly K.K. sent him

on missions around empireon missions around empire imprisonedimprisoned *Wrote books about his *Wrote books about his

adventures in China;”black adventures in China;”black stones” -coalstones” -coal

Not mentioned in Chinese Not mentioned in Chinese historyhistory

End of Mongol RuleEnd of Mongol Rule

In 1294 K.K. diesIn 1294 K.K. dies Mass chaos and Mass chaos and

rebellionsrebellions 1368 Chinese 1368 Chinese

overthrew overthrew MongolsMongols

Ming Dynasty Ming Dynasty establishedestablished