資產證券化交易評等分析簡介與我國證券化商品評等表現

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CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY. Permission to reprint or distribute any content from this presentation requires the written approval of Taiwan Ratings Corporation. 資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資資 資資資 資資資資資資資資 資資資資資資資資資資資 資資資 資資資資資資資資 資資資資 資資資資資資資資 November 4, 2009

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資產證券化交易評等分析簡介與我國證券化商品評等表現. 朱素徵 中華信用評等公司 執行副總裁暨首席評等長 雷明峰 中華信用評等公司 資深協理 資產證券化評等部. November 4, 2009. 簡報大綱. 資產證券化 概述 與 信用 評等的 意 涵 全球資產證券化商品評等表現 台灣資產證券化商品評等表現 市場起源與發展 受評之台灣資產證券化商品評等表現 資產證券化評等分析所考慮的面向. 資產證券化 概述 與 信用 評等的 意 涵. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: 資產證券化交易評等分析簡介與我國證券化商品評等表現

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資產證券化交易評等分析簡介與我國證券化商品評等表現

朱素徵中華信用評等公司 執行副總裁暨首席評等長

雷明峰中華信用評等公司 資深協理 資產證券化評等部November 4, 2009

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2.

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簡報大綱

• 資產證券化概述與信用評等的意涵

• 全球資產證券化商品評等表現

• 台灣資產證券化商品評等表現– 市場起源與發展

– 受評之台灣資產證券化商品評等表現

• 資產證券化評等分析所考慮的面向

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資產證券化概述與信用評等的意涵

Page 4: 資產證券化交易評等分析簡介與我國證券化商品評等表現

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• 藉由發行可交易之有價證券,籌措買入標的資產所需之價金;該有價證券之還本付息並非依賴特定公司或政府機構之付款能力,而係由標的資產所產生之現金流量支應。

• 依標的資產區分之各種證券化交易:– 貸款抵押證券 (CLO) 、債券抵押證券 (CBO) 、債務抵押證券 (CDO)

– 住宅房貸擔保證券 (RMBS)

– 商用不動產貸款擔保證券 (CMBS)

– 交易應收帳款證券化– 信用卡應收帳款證券化– 車貸應收帳款證券化– 由汽車及設備租賃所產生之應收帳款證券化

何謂資產證券化

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交易架構

投資人

創始機構

證券化發行機構

證券化資產

資產出售 $資產收款

還本付息 受託機構

避險機構

流動性機構 ...

$受益證券 資產基礎證

券服務機構

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資產證券化交易與公司債務的不同:還款來源

A 公司 A 公司之債務

A 公司支付債務之能力與意願

Asset 1

Asset 2

Asset 3 證券化憑證

資產池所產生之現金流量

對投資人之支付

對投資人之支付發行機構

收款

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資產證券化交易與公司債務的不同:先後順位

A 券

資產池 發行之債券 現金支付順序

B 券

C 券

D 券

E 券

損失承擔順序

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信用評等本質與要件

• 信用評等是關於相對信用風險的意見。

• 信用評等不是投資推薦,亦非購買、持有、或出售任何有價證券的建議。信用評等僅為投資人在進行投資決策時可能考量的因素之一。

• 信用評等並非任何有價證券之市場流動性或其次級市場價格的指標。

• 信用評等並非信用品質或未來信用風險的保證。

www.AboutCreditRatings.com

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評等意涵

• 重要特質 - 信用品質的相對排名– 多面的現象,但各面向重要性會因情況不同而有所變化

– 主要因素:違約的可能性 首重排名次序 次重絕對水準;與壓力測試有關 所有評等級別之違約率會隨經濟情勢的變動而上升或下降

– 次要因素:支付的優先順位、回收率、信用穩定性 支付的優先順位、回收率:隨違約可能性的提高而更為重要 信用穩定性:隨違約可能性的降低而更為重要

• 評等績效的評估– 評等績效研究

– 不同時點時各產業/地理區域的壓力程度可能不同;同時亦可能因樣本規模較小而出現偏誤

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常見之問題

• 企業評等與證券化評等間是否有任何差異 ( 評等定義與評等表現 ) ?

• 所有證券化商品之評等表現均令人失望?

• 評等公司可以擔任顧問,或是協助商品之設計嗎?

• 即時支付之概念

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全球資產證券化商品評等表現

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發行量急遽萎縮US Mortgage Related Issuance (USD BN)

0.0

500.0

1,000.0

1,500.0

2,000.0

2,500.0

3,000.0

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YTD '09

Agency NonAgency

Global CDO Issuance (USD BN)

-

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YTD '09

Source: Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, www.sifma.org

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發行量急遽萎縮

US Bond Market Issuance (USD BN)

-

500.0

1,000.0

1,500.0

2,000.0

2,500.0

3,000.0

3,500.0

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 YTD '09

Municipal Treasury Mortgage Related Corporate Debt Federal Agency Securities Asset-Backed

Source: Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, www.sifma.org

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全球資產證券化商品累計違約率

Source: “Global Structured Finance Default And Transition Study—1978-2008: Credit Quality Of Global Structured Securities Fell Sharply In 2008 Amid Capital Market Turmoil,” February 25, 2009, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services “2008 Annual Global Corporate Default Study And Rating Transitions,” April 2, 2009, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

Global SF Cumulative Defaut Rates (%), Conditional on Survival (1978 ~ 2008)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time Horizon (years)

AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC CC

Global Corporate Cumulative Average Defaut Rates (%) (1981 ~ 2008)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time Horizon (years)

AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC/C

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各資產類別評等表現的差異

Source: “Global Structured Finance Default And Transition Study—1978-2008: Credit Quality Of Global Structured Securities Fell Sharply In 2008 Amid Capital Market Turmoil,” February 25, 2009, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

( 完整之比較詳見附件 )

Subsectors Beginning No. of ratings Stable % Upgrade % Downgrade % Near-default % Default %CDO cash flow high-grade CDO of ABS 733 2.86 0 97.14 67.26 4.09CDO hybrid mezzanine CDO of ABS 917 6.65 0 93.35 59.87 27.59CDO hybrid high-grade CDO of ABS 74 9.46 0 90.54 50 24.32CDO hybrid CDO of CDO 114 11.4 0 88.6 50.88 23.68CDO synthetic mezzanine CDO of ABS 383 11.49 0.26 88.25 1.31 5.74RMBS closed-end second 1,397 17.9 0 82.1 10.38 56.05RMBS home equity line of credit 237 19.41 0 80.59 4.64 19.41

CDO hybrid CDO of CMBS 42 80.95 0 19.05 0 0RMBS 2nd-lien high combined LTV 237 81.86 0 18.14 0 0.42CDO hybrid CLO 69 82.61 0 17.39 0 0RMBS prime jumbo 9,597 81.13 3.25 15.62 2.43 0.58ABS manufactured housing 326 85.58 0 14.42 0 0.92CMBS 9,129 84.47 3.3 12.24 0 0.34RMBS nonperforming 82 89.02 0 10.98 0 2.44

Global SF 2008 Rating Transition: Subsectors With Significant Rating Volatility

*'AAA' ratings from the same transaction are treated as a single rating in the calculation of this table. "Stable" includes ratings withdrawn due to redemptions during the year. Rating modifiers (+ and -) are used when determining rating transitions such as upgrades and downgrades. Downgrade rate includes near-defaults ('CC' or 'C') and defaults.

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台灣資產證券化商品評等表現

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市場起源與發展

• 我國於 2002 年及 2003 年頒佈金融資產證券化條例及不動產證券化條例

• 第一檔依上述法令發行之證券化交易於 2003 年一月問世

• 主要參與者 ( 創始機構及投資人 ) 為金融機構

• 截至目前為止,已有超過新台幣 4,800 億之證券化商品發行

( 單位:新台幣億元 )CDO RMBS CMBS ABS REAT REIT Total2003 156.5 54.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 211.32004 155.0 166.9 0.0 25.0 133.8 0.0 480.72005 1088.9 0.0 0.0 160.0 30.8 310.6 1590.32006 1342.8 0.0 0.0 126.0 13.9 208.2 1690.92007 635.3 0.0 0.0 78.0 38.3 42.8 794.42008 72.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 72.5

YTD 2009 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Total 3450.9 221.7 0.0 389.0 216.8 561.7 4840.1

Source: Banking Bureau, Financial Supervisory Committee; compiled by TRC

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受評之台灣資產證券化商品評等表現

• 自 2002 年起,中華信評共授予 28 個資產證券化交易案之評等• 2007 年以降,因為國外住宅房貸證券化商品及企業信用品質的惡化,中華信評調降了部分國內 CDO 交易之評等。

• 影響國內證券化交易評等表現的重要因素– 完整的法律基礎– Pass-through 架構導致信用支持的快速累積– 總體環境變動對部分資產信用品質的衝擊– 證券化資產歷史表現資料取得的問題

券次 金額 券次 金額twAAA 25% 51% 21% 40%twAA 18% 22% 18% 13%twA 31% 19% 30% 21%twBBB 25% 8% 15% 7%twBB 0% 0% 3% 2%twB 0% 0% 3% 2%twCCC及以下 0% 0% 9% 14%

( )評等分佈 中華信評授予評等之案件2008/6/30 2009/6/30

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受評之台灣資產證券化商品評等表現

• CBO• 國外資產信用品質惡化的影響• 評等行動反映交易的信用強度,因其標的資產池的信用品質逐漸轉弱而產生變化

• 企業信用品質惡化的速度在上一季減緩,交易案的信用支持因資產到期而累積,但標的資產池的信用品質仍舊是左右台灣交易表現的關鍵因素

• CLO• 少數借款人信用品質面臨壓力,但其它標的貸款的信用品質大致維持穩定• 交易案之信用增強程度因貸款還款與受益證券依序償付而獲得提升,使其得以為其評等情境所假設之信用風險提供緩衝

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受評之台灣資產證券化商品評等表現

• 住宅房貸擔保證券( RMBS )交易• 房貸資產池的違約率、逾期率,以及提前還款速度表現穩定

• 房貸放款之還款與受益證券的支付導致信用增強程度提升,有助於維持評等的穩定

• 其它資產類型之交易 ( 租賃應收帳款、交易應收帳款、不動產資產信託… )

• 2008年年底至 2009年上半年,部分證券化交易標的資產池的信用品質略微轉差;資產表現在 2009年第三季趨於穩定或有所改善

• 交易之信用增強水準、架構中避免績效持續惡化之設計、服務機構的管理能力等,有助於緩和前述負向發展的潛在衝擊

• 總體經濟環境的變化與突發事件:經濟復甦的持續性、房地產價格在近期出現漲幅後的演變、商用不動產承租趨勢,以及莫拉克颱風侵台所帶來的後續影響等

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資產證券化評等評等分析所考慮的面向

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• 法規風險 

• 證券化資產的信用品質

• 支付架構與現金流量機制

• 作業風險

• 交易對手風險  

資產證券化評等分析所考慮的面向

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• Segregation

– 交易參與機構的破產是否會妨害交易案標的資產的安全性,或是防礙交易案取得現金流量

– 以適用之法律與規範體系,以及實務運作的角度分析

– 真實出售 (true sale) 與法定權利保全 (control over assets through

effective security)

• Bankruptcy-remote SPV

• 法律意見

• 法律改變的影響 (Change in Law)

法規風險

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• 相稱之評等水準

• 以金融資產為標的資產之交易 (CDO 、 RMBS ,以及多數的 ABS 商品 ) 信用風險分析

– 資產損失:違約機率、違約後可回收的比例、最終損失

– 中華信評根據所得資訊,採用評等分析方法與數量模型 (例如違約模型與現金流量模型 ) 分析上述問題,藉此檢視創始機構所提出的信用增強水準與其所期望之評等水準

• 依賴證券化資產未來產生收入的能力及市場價值來支付債務之交易 (C

MBS 、企業證券化、未來現金流量證券化 ) 信用風險分析– 壓力測試的假設對資產價值以及其產生現金流量能力的影響

– 分析重點: asset values and future cash flows coverage

證券化資產的信用品質

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支付架構與現金流量機制

• 交易案標的資產所產生的現金– Collection

– Distribution to cover transaction expense and interest and principal

payments to investors

• 支付順序

• 觸發事由 (asset performance, cash flow adequacy, credit-driven

events…)

• Cash flow leakage

• 第三方所提供之支付義務 (insurance policies, guarantees, bank

credit, liquidity facilities, derivatives instruments…)

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作業風險

• 管理證券化資產,負責收款、支付、催收、處分、定期提供報告等工作之機構: servicer review

• Day-to-day management and administration

• Asset manager in actively-managed transaction

• 當現有的機構無法或不願意再執行其義務時,交易案的表現會受到什麼影響

– Impact

– Backup or substitute

How many candidate servicers are there

Complexity of the job and possibility of orderly transition

Servicing fee amount and ranking

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交易對手風險

• 保證機構、流動性提供機構、帳戶提供機構、避險交易機構…

• 交易參與機構無法履行其義務時,對交易案的影響– Weak-Linked and De-Linked

– 交易對手之信用評等 vs. 交易案之信用評等

– 交易架構之設計: rating downgrade

trigger 、 collateral 、 replacement mechanism and remedy

• 國家風險 (Country Risk)

– Moratorium, repudiation

– Government interference in business activity

– FX transferability & convertibility

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• 發行機構與創始機構的差別• 資產隔離與真實出售的重要性• Non-recourse to the originator and issuers ( 發行機構對投資人的義

務僅限於證券化資產與其它信用加強所能提供者 )

• 證券化並不改變標的資產的表現,但因交易架構的設計、交易參與機構的表現,以及支付順位的安排,交易案表現對不同投資人可能有不同的影響

• 投資人的順位決定支付順序與其它得主張權利的優先性• 證券化評等僅考量受評券次違約風險

常見之問題

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• 中華信用評等網站 http://www.taiwanratings.com/tw/

– 證券化商品評等準則– 證券化商品評等分析評論

台幣計價 RMBS 交易績效表現穩定,未受經濟下挫所影響 (2009/10/15)

證券化交易評等季報:多數台灣證券化交易之標的資產 2009年第三季的表現持穩;但部分 CBO 資產池信用品質持續轉弱 (2009/10/8)

台灣 CLO 資產池信用品質雖有轉弱,但整體績效仍保持穩健 (2009/8/20)

證券化交易評等季報:多數台灣證券化交易之標的資產表現維持穩定,但 CBO 表現仍具壓力 (2009/7/2)

證券化交易評等季報:多數台灣證券化交易之標的資產表現穩定,唯CBO類略受全球企業信用不佳趨勢影響 (2009/3/23)

台灣證券化交易詞彙對照 (2009/1/22)

其他資訊

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Appendix

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資產證券化商品違約分析

Source: “Global Structured Finance Default And Transition Study—1978-2008: Credit Quality Of Global Structured Securities Fell Sharply In 2008 Amid Capital Market Turmoil,” February 25, 2009, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10AAA 0.08 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20AA 0.14 0.43 0.50 0.60 0.73 0.84 0.93 0.97 0.99 1.01A 0.27 1.01 1.37 1.65 1.91 2.17 2.48 2.70 2.80 2.89BBB 0.68 3.01 4.79 6.51 8.26 9.68 10.46 11.14 11.68 11.98BB 2.02 5.64 8.31 9.81 11.03 12.39 13.43 13.98 14.21 14.28B 4.64 8.84 12.36 14.65 16.66 18.42 19.77 20.86 21.62 22.01CCC 43.80 50.63 55.11 58.40 60.58 61.80 62.04 62.37 62.79 62.79CC 23.56 32.53 40.59 45.86 49.20 49.76 49.76 49.76 49.76 49.76Investment-grade 0.26 0.95 1.37 1.72 2.04 2.28 2.43 2.54 2.60 2.64Speculative-grade 6.51 10.57 13.74 15.71 17.31 18.79 19.88 20.62 21.07 21.27All rated 1.13 2.26 3.01 3.54 3.98 4.33 4.55 4.69 4.77 4.82*'AAA' ratings from the same transaction are treated as a single rating in the calculation of this table.

Global SF Cumulative Default Rates (%), Conditional On Survival (1978-2008*)—Time horizon (years)—

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2008 年全球資產證券化商品評等表現

Global SF 2008 Transition By Rating*

Rating at beginning of year Beginning No. of ratings Stable % Upgrade % Downgrade % Default %

AAA 15,598 76.58 0.00 23.42 0.53AA 16,777 63.34 1.77 34.89 0.62A 14,464 61.03 2.10 36.87 1.06BBB 14,516 58.12 1.65 40.23 2.00BB 7,859 53.90 1.27 44.83 4.64B 5,359 43.53 0.95 55.51 11.83CCC or lower 2,746 21.38 0.11 78.51 56.92Total 77,319 60.78 1.29 37.94 4.13

*'AAA' ratings from the same transaction are treated as a single rating in the calculation of this table. "Stable" includes ratings withdrawn due to redemptions during the year. Rating modifiers (+ and -) are used when determining rating transitions such as upgrades and downgrades.

Source: “Global Structured Finance Default And Transition Study—1978-2008: Credit Quality Of Global Structured Securities Fell Sharply In 2008 Amid Capital Market Turmoil,” February 25, 2009, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

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2008 年全球資產證券化商品評等表現

Standard & Poor's Global SF 2008 Rating Transition (%)From/To Beginning No. of ratings AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC CC C D NR Upgrade/Stable Downgrade

Global SFAAA 15,598 65.34 5.21 3.94 3.47 2.17 4.04 1.96 1.47 0.00 0.53 11.87 77.20 22.80AA 16,777 0.85 62.39 3.42 3.92 3.36 6.23 12.09 2.88 0.04 0.62 4.22 67.46 32.54A 14,464 0.23 1.01 59.06 4.62 3.55 3.77 16.48 6.20 0.00 1.06 4.02 64.32 35.68BBB 14,516 0.05 0.12 0.87 56.65 4.70 4.46 16.05 11.15 0.00 2.00 3.95 61.64 38.36BB 7,859 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.59 53.63 6.11 15.21 17.32 0.00 4.64 2.47 56.72 43.28B 5,359 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.56 45.53 16.70 24.28 0.04 11.83 1.04 47.15 52.85CCC 2,582 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 19.33 21.38 0.00 58.79 0.43 19.83 80.17CC 164 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 68.90 0.00 27.44 3.66 72.56 27.44C 0*'AAA' ratings from the same transaction are treated as a single rating in the calculation of this table. Full rating categories are used when determining rating transitions such as upgrades and downgrades.

Source: “Global Structured Finance Default And Transition Study—1978-2008: Credit Quality Of Global Structured Securities Fell Sharply In 2008 Amid Capital Market Turmoil,” February 25, 2009, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

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2008 年全球資產證券化商品評等表現Standard & Poor's Global SF 2008 Rating Transition (%) by Sectors

Beginning No. of ratings AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC CC C D NR Upgrade/Stable DowngradeGlobal ABSAAA 2,444 60.02 9.00 8.22 2.17 0.04 0.12 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.38 80.40 19.60AA 590 2.71 72.20 5.08 1.02 0.34 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.47 93.39 6.61A 1,117 0.90 1.61 78.78 2.69 0.18 0.09 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.54 15.04 96.33 3.67BBB 1,091 0.09 0.55 1.47 82.40 1.92 0.46 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.83 97.34 2.66BB 277 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.44 76.17 5.05 1.81 0.36 0.00 0.00 15.16 92.78 7.22B 90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 77.78 4.44 1.11 0.00 0.00 14.44 94.44 5.56CCC 91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 92.31 0.00 0.00 7.69 0.00 92.31 7.69CC 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.67 0.00 33.33 0.00 66.67 33.33C 0

Beginning No. of ratings AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC CC C D NR Upgrade/Stable DowngradeGlobal CDOAAA 4,359 60.50 4.91 2.78 5.12 3.10 2.59 5.23 5.05 0.00 1.84 8.90 69.40 30.60AA 3,514 0.85 48.98 3.93 7.74 4.67 4.24 9.82 10.16 0.00 2.53 7.09 56.92 43.08A 2,594 0.15 0.85 54.32 6.32 4.55 2.47 8.67 13.88 0.00 3.59 5.20 60.52 39.48BBB 2,653 0.00 0.08 0.23 56.09 4.60 2.86 9.88 17.75 0.00 3.62 4.90 61.29 38.71BB 1,357 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.44 66.47 3.76 7.74 14.89 0.00 3.83 2.80 69.79 30.21B 246 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.81 28.86 17.89 40.65 0.00 8.54 2.85 32.93 67.07CCC 171 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.05 60.23 0.00 17.54 1.17 22.22 77.78CC 156 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 67.95 0.00 28.21 3.85 71.79 28.21C 0

Beginning No. of ratings AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC CC C D NR Upgrade/Stable DowngradeGlobal CMBSAAA 1,562 86.36 1.73 0.38 0.38 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.08 97.44 2.56AA 1,524 3.41 88.85 1.97 1.44 0.20 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 96.26 3.74A 1,507 0.86 1.59 86.46 4.58 1.86 0.13 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.11 93.03 6.97BBB 1,970 0.20 0.25 1.68 84.87 6.14 1.88 1.57 0.00 0.00 0.20 3.20 90.20 9.80BB 1,391 0.00 0.07 0.07 1.08 82.10 9.49 4.67 0.00 0.00 0.14 2.37 85.69 14.31B 1,097 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 79.40 18.32 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.82 80.86 19.14CCC 78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 76.92 0.00 0.00 20.51 2.56 79.49 20.51CC 0C 0

Beginning No. of ratings AAA AA A BBB BB B CCC CC C D NR Upgrade/Stable DowngradeGlobal RMBSAAA 6,780 65.13 4.71 3.72 3.64 2.95 7.57 1.08 0.15 0.00 0.04 11.02 76.15 23.85AA 10,965 0.40 62.48 3.03 3.25 3.59 8.16 15.32 1.15 0.00 0.14 2.48 65.36 34.64A 8,932 0.07 0.90 52.89 4.13 4.00 5.30 23.98 5.98 0.00 0.58 2.18 56.03 43.97BBB 8,602 0.02 0.05 0.66 46.76 4.75 6.15 23.59 13.32 0.00 2.15 2.55 50.03 49.97BB 4,765 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 40.10 5.94 21.22 24.28 0.00 6.53 1.59 42.04 57.96B 3,877 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 36.16 16.56 30.87 0.00 15.58 0.64 36.99 63.01CCC 2,226 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 13.70 20.17 0.00 65.72 0.31 14.11 85.89CC 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00C 0*'AAA' ratings from the same transaction are treated as a single rating in the calculation of this table. Full rating categories are used when determining rating transitions such as upgrades and downgrades.

Source: “Global Structured Finance Default And Transition Study—1978-2008: Credit Quality Of Global Structured Securities Fell Sharply In 2008 Amid Capital Market Turmoil,” February 25, 2009, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

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各資產類別評等表現的差異

Source: “Global Structured Finance Default And Transition Study—1978-2008: Credit Quality Of Global Structured Securities Fell Sharply In 2008 Amid Capital Market Turmoil,” February 25, 2009, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

Subsectors Beginning No. of ratings Stable % Upgrade % Downgrade % Near-default % Default %CDO cash flow high-grade CDO of ABS 733 2.86 0 97.14 67.26 4.09CDO hybrid mezzanine CDO of ABS 917 6.65 0 93.35 59.87 27.59CDO hybrid high-grade CDO of ABS 74 9.46 0 90.54 50 24.32CDO hybrid CDO of CDO 114 11.4 0 88.6 50.88 23.68CDO synthetic mezzanine CDO of ABS 383 11.49 0.26 88.25 1.31 5.74RMBS closed-end second 1,397 17.9 0 82.1 10.38 56.05RMBS home equity line of credit 237 19.41 0 80.59 4.64 19.41ABS rental car 27 22.22 0 77.78 0 0CDO cash flow mezzanine CDO of ABS 1,203 26.93 1.08 71.99 46.8 2.91CDO synthetic high-grade CDO of ABS 222 30.18 1.35 68.47 0 1.8ABS 12b-1 23 34.78 0 65.22 0 8.7RMBS NIMS 1,537 40.14 0 59.86 32.86 0RMBS subprime 16,910 41.5 0.18 58.31 10.17 7.16CDO CF CDO of CDO 222 40.54 1.8 57.66 31.08 12.61RMBS Alt-A 12,515 42.86 0.1 57.04 15.82 3.99CDO syn. corp. inv-grade CDO 3,223 43.5 1.43 55.07 0.03 1.74ABS future flow 147 38.78 12.24 48.98 0 2.04ABS commercial other 41 51.22 0 48.78 0 0CDO synthetic CDO of CDO 789 53.49 0.76 45.75 0 1.14CDO equity and hedge fund CFO 41 60.98 0 39.02 2.44 0ABS aircraft 77 62.34 0 37.66 0 0RMBS high LTV 14 64.29 0 35.71 0 0ABS franchise loans 38 65.79 0 34.21 0 0CDO hybrid CBO 66 66.67 0 33.33 0 0CDO CF trust preferred 286 68.53 0 31.47 0.7 0CDO other 822 68 1.09 30.9 4.62 2.31CDO synthetic CDO of CMBS 344 70.06 0 29.94 0 0RMBS first-lien high LTV 189 72.49 0 27.51 4.23 7.41RMBS document-deficient 196 73.47 0 26.53 1.53 2.04Single-name synthetics 1,287 69.15 4.58 26.26 1.32 0.78CDO operating companies 42 73.81 0 26.19 0 0ABS other 297 74.75 1.01 24.24 0.67 0RMBS outside guidelines 468 77.14 0 22.86 0.43 1.28ABS RV loans 23 78.26 0 21.74 0 0CDO synthetic corporate high yield CBO 116 77.59 0.86 21.55 0 0ABS student loans 892 78.59 0.22 21.19 0 0ABS new assets 257 77.82 2.33 19.84 0 0CDO hybrid CDO of CMBS 42 80.95 0 19.05 0 0RMBS 2nd-lien high combined LTV 237 81.86 0 18.14 0 0.42CDO hybrid CLO 69 82.61 0 17.39 0 0RMBS prime jumbo 9,597 81.13 3.25 15.62 2.43 0.58ABS manufactured housing 326 85.58 0 14.42 0 0.92CMBS 9,129 84.47 3.3 12.24 0 0.34RMBS nonperforming 82 89.02 0 10.98 0 2.44

Global SF 2008 Rating Transition: Subsectors With Significant Rating Volatility

*'AAA' ratings from the same transaction are treated as a single rating in the calculation of this table. "Stable" includes ratings withdrawn due to redemptions during the year. Rating modifiers (+ and -) are used when determining rating transitions such as upgrades and downgrades. Downgrade rate includes near-defaults ('CC' or 'C') and defaults.

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Analytic services and products provided by Taiwan Ratings Corporation are the result of separate activities designed to preserve the independence and objectivity of each analytic process. Taiwan Ratings Corporation has established policies and procedures to maintain the confidentiality of non-public information received during each analytic process.

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