論中國的技術問題（三）許煜

中國美術學院二零一六年三月二十二日

李約瑟難題為何中國沒有出現好似西方的現代科學和技術？

馮友蘭（ 1895-1990 ）

馮友蘭

Joseph Needham (1900 － 1995)

… the philosophia perennis of China was an organic materialism. This can be illustrated from the pronouncements of philosophers and scientific thinkers of every epoch. The mechanical view of the world simply didn’t develop in Chinese thought, and the organicist view in which every phenomenon was connected with every other according to hierarchical order was universal among Chinese thinkers.

Needham, Poverties and Triumphs of the Chinese Scientific Tradition

幾何問題

“development of Western science is based on two great achievements: the invention of the formal logical system (in Euclidean geometry) by the Greek philosophers and the discovery of the possibility to find out causal relationship by systematic experiment (Renaissance). In my opinion one has not to be astonished that the Chinese sages have not made these steps. The astonishing thing is that these discoveries were made at all.”

Einstein, 1953

歐洲的科學與幾何（ 16 17﹣ 世紀）1) 視覺的幾何化 ( 開普勒 );

2) 運動的幾何化 ( 伽利略 );

3) 實驗的定義 ( 波義爾、牛頓 )

歐洲的科學與幾何（ 16 17﹣ 世紀）If this point of which we dispute were some part of law, or other part of the studies called the humanities, wherein there is neither truth nor falsehood, we might give sufficient credit to the acuteness of wits readiness of answers, and the greater accomplishment of writers, and hope that who is most proficient in these will make his reason more probably and plausible. But the conclusions of natural science as true and necessary, and the judgement of man has nothing to do with them.

Galileo, Dialogue in the Great World Systems

Marcel Granet(1884-1940)

Marcel Granet(1884-1940)

François Jullien

時 勢

德里達《《幾何學起源》導論》

André Leroi-Gourhan(1911-1986)

和辻哲郎 (1889-1960)

Overcoming Modernity