c12 u1 project past perfect. (revised)(this is it)

THE PAST PERFECTTHE PAST PERFECT

Take a look at this…

Perfect tenses use “HAVE” as an auxiliary verb.

Before studying PAST PERFECT, let´s review PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT have/has + verb in past Participle

I have studied Chinese for 8 years.(Yo he estudiado Chino por 8 años)

Mary has been to different countries.

(Mary ha estado en diferentes paises)

PRESENT PERFECT USES

- We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time in the past. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, etc

Example: I have seen that movie before.

- We also use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," "since Tuesday,” etc; are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

Example: She has been in England for six months.

Present Perfect Tenses: Affirmative

Mary has been to different countries.(Mary ha estado en diferentes paises)

PRESENT PERFECT

Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in affirmative form.

PRESENT PERFECT

Present Perfect Tenses: Negative

I haven’t studied Chinese for 8 years.

(Yo no he estudiado Chino por 8 años)

Mary hasn’t been to different countries.

(Mary no ha estado en diferentes paises)

PRESENT PERFECT

Auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” in negative form.

PRESENT PERFECT

Present Perfect Tenses: Interrogative

Have you studied Chinese for 8 years?

(¿Has estudiado Chino por 8 años?)

Has Mary been to different countries?

(¿Ha Mary estado en diferentes paises?)

PRESENT PERFECT

Present Perfect Tenses: Interrogative

Have you studied Chinese for 8 years?

(¿Has estudiado Chino por 8 años?)

Has Mary been to different countries?

(¿Ha Mary estado en diferentes paises?)

The auxiliary “HAVE/HAS” goes before the subject/person.

PRESENT PERFECT

…the PAST PERFECT is very similar in many ways…

PAST PERFECTAuxiliary “HAVE” in PAST (HAD) + Verb in Past Participle

When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza.(cuando tomé esta foto, ella se había comido media pizza)

When Jane finally arrived, the other competitors had arrived to the end of the

race.(cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)

When he arrived home, she had started to cook dinner.(cuando él llegó a casa, ella había empezado a cocinar la sena)

Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?…

When Jane finally arrived, the other competitors had arrived to the end of the race.

(cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)

When he arrived home, she had started to cook dinner.(cuando él llegó a casa, ella había empezado a cocinar la sena)

When he arrived home, she had started to cook dinner.(cuando finalmente Jane llegó, los otros competidores habían llegado al final de la carrera)

Every sentence has two actions!

Both actions are in the past!

One action happened before the

other!other!

Analyze the sentences. What can you deduce?…• Every sentence has two actions!Every sentence has two actions!

• Every sentence has two actions!Every sentence has two actions!

Action 1

Action 1Action 2

• One action happened before the other!One action happened before the other!

Action 1Action 2

First (Action 1): She ate half a pizza.

Action 1Action 2

Then (Action 2): I took the picture.

Action 1Action 2

Then (Action 2): I took the picture.Both actions are in Both actions are in

the past!the past!

When I took this picture, she had eaten half a pizza.

This sentence is in PAST PERFECT

This sentence is in PAST PERFECTThis sentence is in SIMPLE PAST

This action happened first

This action happened firstThis action happened second.

The action that happened second, goes in SIMPLE PAST.

The action that happened first goes in PAST PEREFECT

The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened or didn´t happen before another action or before a specific time in the PAST.

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

What action happened first?

What action happened second?

What tense is the first action?

Past Perfect

What tense is the second action?

Past Perfect

What tense is the second action?

Simple Past

The PAST PERFECT describes an action that happened or didn´t happen before another action

or before a specific time in the PAST.

or BEFORE A SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST.

Kristine had not gone to an opera concert before last night.

This sentence is in PAST PERFECT

This sentence is in PAST PERFECT Specific time in the PAST

UNDERSTAND THIS ……….

We use PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT para hablar de las cosas que HEMOS o NO HEMOS HECHO.

Example: Ellos han venido a clase todos los días. They have come to class every day.

We use PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT para hablar de las cosas que HABIAMOS HECHO o NO HABIAMOS HECHO hasta

cierto momento en el pasado o hasta que otra cosa en el pasado sucedió.

We use PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT para hablar de las cosas que HABIAMOS HECHO o NO HABIAMOS HECHO hasta

cierto momento en el pasado o hasta que otra cosa en el pasado sucedió.

Example: Ellos no habían venido a clase hasta la semana pasada.

They had not comehad not come to class until last week.

For more information about the PAST PERFECT TENSE, go to your Top Notch 3 book, Unit 1 – page 6.

You can also visit the following link for a lot more practice:

http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/past-perfect.php

c12 u1 project past perfect. (revised)(this is it)

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