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INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
ON TEACHING AND IMPLEMENTING
SUSTAINABILITY
“可持续性工程教育教学与实践”
国际研讨会
June 28-30, 2016
Universirty of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB)
“摘自 Ashby《材料与环境——节能优选法》一书”
内容
前言和会议组委会成员……………………………………………1
会议议程表………………………………………………………2-3
报告摘要……………………………………………………… 4-14
参会人员名单…………………………………………………15-22
CES 培训细节…………………………………………………23-24
校区地图及用餐地点………………………………………………25
Contents
Introduction and Symposium Committee Members………1
Meeting schedule…………………………..…………….…2-3
Abstracts…………………………………………..….……4-14
List of participants………………………………….….15-22
CES Training Course information………………..……23-24
Campus map and Arrangements for meals………...……25
“可持续性工程教育教学与实践” 国际研讨会
人类社会正在面临着各种各样的危机,而涉及环境与自然资源保护的危
机是关系到人类以及地球上其他生物是否能够可持续生存的大问题。作为教
育工作者、科学人员和工程师,我们也必须“从我做起”,利用工程教育这
一平台,宣传可持续性发展的重要性,为之提供定量的评估和预测方法以及
如何设计新型环保材料和产品,以便有效地管理地球资源、控制产品生产过
程中的耗能和排污。
今借著名工程教育大师、英国剑桥大学 Ashby 教授的新作《材料与环
境》中文版发行之际,北京科技大学将在三位院士(Ashby, Embury,卢
柯)的大力支持和积极参与下,于 2016 年 6 月 28 日举办名为“可持续性工
程教育教学与实践”的国际研讨会。本次研讨会的目的一方面是倾听来自英
国剑桥、加拿大马克马斯特以及国内大学和研究院关于可持续发展研究和教
学的经验介绍,另一方面是借机启发与会者,并推进国内各级工程教育和工
程研发过程中对可持续发展定量分析和预测方法的学习和提高。本次研讨会
之后的两天(2016 年 6 月 29-30 日)还将由剑桥教育软件公司 Granta
Design 专门为配合会议而举办软件使用工作坊。欢迎来自中国以及世界各
地大学和研究单位的教育工作者以及工业领域的决策者和工程师们前来交流
学习。
组委会成员 英国剑桥大学 M. Ashby教授
加拿大马克马斯特大学 D. Embury教授
中国科学院金属研究所卢柯院士
北京科技大学高等工程师学院院长刘立教授
法国兰斯大学张葵教授
英国剑桥Granta软件公司教育部 M. Fry主任
总秘书:北京科技大学高等工程师学院外事负责李欣欣
International Symposium on Teaching and Implementing
Sustainability
The world is facing a variety of crises related both to the environment and the
preservation of natural resources. The complex problems of climate change and
the preservation of resources for future generations demand that, as a global
community, we develop a much more rigorous approach to Sustainability. A
crucial aspect is to educate our teachers, students, industrial leaders and fellow
citizens about Sustainability and its role in managing the intelligent use of the
Earth’s resources and development and control of our manufacturing processes.
As Scientists and Engineers, we must approach Sustainability in a quantitative
manner so that we have a basis for evaluating and comparing solutions for the
selection of materials and processes. Thus we are most fortunate to have Professor
M. Ashby visiting Beijing in June 2016. His seminal textbooks on Selection of
Materials Selection; Mechanical Design; Materials: Engineering, Science,
Processing and Design; Materials and the Environment as well as the CES
EduPack software have been revolutionary in changing the education of materials
scientists and engineers. Based on his visit, a one-day Symposium on Teaching
and Implementing Sustainability is organised by USTB with objective of having a
number of presentations on current approaches to Sustainability. These
presentations will encompass the Teaching of Sustainability in the Engineering
curriculum and how Sustainability must influence future Industrial practice. The
presentations will be followed by an open discussion aimed not only to compare
and develop teaching methods but to develop a basic study group to further
Education on Sustainability at all levels. The Symposium welcomes academics
from universities, researchers from laboratories and engineers from industry in
China and elsewhere.
Committee members
Prof. M. ASHBY, University of Cambridge, UK
Prof. D. EMBURY, McMaster University, Canada
Dr. LU Ke, member of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metal
Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Prof. LIU Li, University of Science &Technology Beijing, China
Prof. ZHANG Kui, University of Reims, France
Mr. Marc FRY, Granta Design, Cambridge, UK
Mrs. LI Xinxin, head of International cooperation, School of Advanced
Engineering, USTB
1
A Structured Approach to Assessing Proposed
Sustainable Developments
Michael F. ASHBY
Engineering Department, Cambridge and
Granta Design, Cambridge, UK
A “sustainable development” is one that contributes in an equitable way to
human welfare and does so in a way that minimizes the drain on natural
resources. Many academic, civil, commercial and legislative projects
claim to do this, and many of them are materials-related – promoting
biopolymers, carbon taxes, design for recycling are examples. We refer to
them as “articulations” of sustainable development. But how are they to
be assessed? There is no simple, “right” answer to questions of
sustainable development – instead, there is a thoughtful, well-researched
response that recognizes the concerns of stakeholders, the conflicting
priorities and the economic, legal and social constraints of a technology as
well as its environmental legacy.
Introducing this complexity into teaching is challenging. This talk will
describe a framework for exploring sustainability from a Materials
perspective. The aim is not to define a single metric or index of
sustainability; rather it is to improve the quality of discussion and debate
on projects that claim to be sustainable developments. This suggests a
methodology for the sustainability-analysis of products or projects. It is
supported by a new CES Edu “Sustainability” database that provides some
of the necessary inputs.
试用系统方法来评估可持续发展的进程
ASHBY(阿诗笔)
英国剑桥大学工程系暨剑桥 Granta Design 教育软件公司
“可持续发展”的理念有利于人类福利的公平分配,并可以最大限
度地降低人类发展对不可再生自然资源之猎取。鉴于其重要性,几乎
所有领域都声称他们在做环保项目,这些领域包括科研教育、基础设
施、产品销售、乃至立法条文,其中不少是与材料相关的——研发
“生物高分子”材料,设立碳排税以及考虑到“废品回收再利用”因
素的新产品设计等,都是很好的例子。“材料环保”被称之为可持续
发展的“关节(articulations)”。那么,如何评估某种材料是否为环
保材料?如何做到可持续发展?对于这些问题,简单和“正确”的唯
一答案是不存在的,但并不妨碍人们在经过深思熟虑和精心研究后对
其做出积极回应。良好的回应方式和相应措施的建立应综合考虑利益
相关者的注重点,新材料的高性能与高耗能之间的可能冲突,对新技
术的市场、立法和社会性制约,以及它们对环境所造成的负面影响。
如何将以上这些可持续发展研究中的复杂因素引入到工程教学中,是
一个挑战性的话题。本报告将从材料工程应用的角度来探讨可持续发
展的框架。我们的目的并不是仅仅要为环保材料定义其评估新单位或
评估之单一指标,而是为了整体提高可持续发展项目中的含金量,通
过辩论和分析去伪存真。为此,我们需要创建一种对“环保”产品和
项目进行定量分析而评估的方法(methodology)。本报告中所介绍
的一种系统方法论是由剑桥教育软件公司 Granta 所创建的“可持续
发展数据库” (CES EduPack 软件) 作支撑的。
4
Important topics for sustainable education and
teaching
- Energy conservation, Environment protection and
Resources recycling
CANG Daqiang*,ZHANG Lingling,LI Yu,
LIU Xiaoming
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,
University of Sciences & Technology Beijing
Based on the situation of fossil fuels and mineral resources consumption
are in the peak period in the world and China, In addition the
manufacturing industry is developing rapidly in more and more countries.
The pollutant emission and ecological environment face much higher
pressure. The energy,environment and resources issues have become the
factors restricting development for many countries. The multi-dimensional
aspects of education and training as well as the relevant technology,
process and methodology are gaining more attention in more and more
countries.
As an example for how to develop the new process, technology,
equipment, methodology and strategy, the steel industry will be considered
in terms of the energy conservation, emission reduction and resources
recycling. In addition aspects of education for the steel industry will
be introduced. The presentation will consider ways to innovate the new
technologies and the processes for the steel industry, e.g. the technologies
of “before process”, “in process”, “after process” technology and process.
Also the talk will emphasize activities in energy conservation, emission
reduction and resources recycling to improve the capacity of engineering
students.
可持续性工程教育与教学的重要内容
—节能、环保和资源利用
苍大强*,张玲玲,李宇,刘晓明
北京科技大学 冶金与生态工程学院
根据世界和中国处在矿物能源、资源消耗高峰期和制造业越来越被重
视的现实,同时由于制造业大力发展造成的污染物排放和生态环境恶
化的压力,节能、环保和资源利用的问题已经成为许多国家发展的制
约因素,节能、环保和资源利用的技术开发和教育内容越来越受到世
界和中国政府的重视。
本报告以中国能源、环保和资源利用现状和以钢铁工业为例,说明可
持续工程教育与教学、培养各类节能、环保和资源利用人才的长期性
和迫切性,同时强调对培养对象创新意识和创新方法传授的重要性;
强调根据本国国情,不断开发适合本国不同发展阶段的工艺、技术、
装备、方法和对策;强调节能、环保和资源利用的新方法教育:不能
总是依靠创痛的“末端治理”的方法,强调“源头治理”和“过程治
理”的新方法等。
过程教育和教学的重要环节是实践,本报告适度介绍了节能、环保和
资源利用领域教育教学的实践作法。
* Speaker 发言人
5
Research on Iron & Steel Manufacturing Process of
Low-carbon Based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Method
FU Jianxun
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University
The wide spread application of fossil fuels has been a major cause of
global warming and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has been
the primary subject of global environmental protection. The Iron and steel
industry makes intensive use of both resource and energy and the energy
consumption accounts for about 15% of the total energy consumption,
while the CO2 emissions accounted for more than 9.2% of the total
emissions in the country. Promoting low-carbon production processes is
imperative for the iron and steel industry. In this study, Shougang Jingtang
Iron and Steel Company was the object of study. Based on the life cycle
assessment calculation method , energy consumption and carbon
emissions in the steel production process were analyzed and greenhouse
gas emissions were calculated by establishing the system boundaries and
collecting the carbon emissions inventory in steel production process.
Also, recommendations were provided for CO2 emissions reduction.
Research showed that total amount of CO2 emissions was 9,545,900 tons
and CO2 emissions for per ton of steel was 2,165 ton, and the carbon
emissions of sintering, pelletizing, iron-making, steel-making, sleeve kiln,
hot-rolling and cooling were calculated separately and are reported in the
presentation .
基于生命周期方法的低碳钢生产铁流程研究
付建勋
上海大学 材料科学与工程学院
化石燃料的大量应用是导致全球变暖的元凶,温室气体减排成为全球
环境保护的首要议题。钢铁产业作为资源、能源的密集型产业,能源
消耗占全国总能耗的 15% 左右,CO2 排放量占比占全国排放总量的
9.2%,钢铁行业推广低碳生产流程势在必行。本研究以首钢京唐钢铁
公司将作为研究对象,采用基于生命周期的计算方法,对其钢铁生产
流程的能耗及碳排放情况进行分析,通过确立系统边界、收集钢铁生
产生命周期碳排放清单,进而计算京唐钢铁公司温室气体排放情况,
并针对 CO2减排问题提供建议。研究表明,京唐 2015 年上半年 CO2排
放总量为 954.59 万吨,吨钢 CO2排放量为 2.165t,其中:焦化、烧
结、球团、炼铁、炼钢、套筒窑、热轧、冷着工序的 CO2 排放量分别
为 169.95,229.43,19.37,1294.45,37.60,46.06,205.31,
125.66 kg/t 钢。
6
Sustainability – looking Backward and Moving
Forward
J. David EMBURY
Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
McMaster University, Canada
An important aspect of Sustainability is our ecological responsibility, and
in the broadest senses our relation with Nature. This relationship has a
long history. It is reflected in the seminal works of von Humboldt and
Darwin. Subsequently the works of these scientists influenced writers such
as John Muir and Rachel Carson who sounded the first warnings of the
dangers of human impact on the earth. As the human population has
increased, the perception of our relationship with the earth as a system has
changed profoundly.
In this presentation I want to first give a historical perspective of how our
Ecological viewpoint has developed and relate the current critical situation
in regard to Climate change and the need for Sustainability. I then want to
examine some future options in terms of what is needed to sustain our
societal infrastructure in terms of housing, energy, transportation, in the
context of the use of Materials. This will include some analysis of
recycling and the possibility of alternative production methods and supply
chains for some major materials.
可持续发展--历史、现状与未来
EMBURY(安博瑞)
加拿大马克马斯特大学材料系
可持续发展的重要一面是人类保护生态环境的责任心——从更广泛的
意义上来说,是人类如何与大自然保持正确的关系。研究这一命题有
着悠久的历史,它具体体现在洪堡和达尔文的开创性著作中以及随后
的“环保”作家(如约翰.缪尔和雷切尔·卡森)的作品里——这些
先辈为我们吹响了人类频繁活动危害大自然的早期警号。随着世界人
口的陡然上升,人类对其与地球(作为一“系统”)的关系之看法被
深刻地改变了。
在这份报告中,我将先从历史的角度展示人类过去和现在的生态观,
并结合当今全球气候变暖的严峻局势来说明可持续发展的必要性和紧
迫性。最后,我将以能源、交通和住房方面的基础设施兴建为例,探
讨材料使用领域里的一些未来选择,它们包括大宗材料生产方式的更
新换代、市场供应链的运作以及废料重新利用的可能性。
7
Environmental Education and Sustainable Development
– Approached From Thermal Melton/Geopolymer Technology
to the Ultimate Waste Disposal and Reutilization
Ta-Wui CHENG Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
Sustainable development begins with environmental education. Education
is a fundamental right and is a catalyst for development. Any new idea,
which is generated by the concept to the final policies implementation are
available through education to take root. Waste treatment is also the same.
Incineration has become an important treating method for combustible
solid wastes, due to the increasing difficulty to get suitable sites for
traditional landfill. However, incineration also has its problems. The
incinerator ashes contain large amounts of hazardous substances.
Therefore, an advanced technology is required to treat the hazardous ash.
The vitrification technique for the treatment of incinerator ash has been
given wide attention, because it can achieve large waste volume reductions,
destroy organic compounds more effectively and forms a hard, glass-like,
leach-resistant monolithic mass after cooling. A disadvantage of
vitrification is that this energy-intensive process involves relatively high
costs. Therefore, how to reuse the molten materials is the key to success.
Production of glass-ceramics or geopolymer as construction materials
could be a good way to solve this problem.
Glass ceramics possess remarkable physical/mechanical properties and
chemical resistance. Incinerator ash is a good candidate as a raw material
for CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 system glass–ceramic production. With control of
the initial composition and application of suitable heat treatments, various
crystalline phases with desirable properties could be obtained. On the other
hand, geopolymers, similar to natural zeolite, are three-dimensionally
networked alumino-silicate materials. geopolymers also have attractive
properties, such as: non-combustible, early strength, heat/fire/acid resistant,
easy to make, formed at room temperatures, and very low CO2 emission,
and have been gradually attracting world attention as potentially
revolutionary green materials. In this presentation, high temperature
melton technology & geopolymer technology will be introduced for final
waste disposal and reutilization. Both technologies have great potential for
engineering applications.
環境教育與永續發展
—由高溫熔融與無機聚合技術
到垃圾的終極處理及再利用
鄭大偉
國立臺北科技大學 資源工程研究所
永續發展起始於教育。教育為人民的基本權利,也是發展的催化劑。
任何一個新的理念,其由概念產生到最終政策執行落實,都需經由教
育來扎根。廢棄物的處理也是相同的。由於傳統的垃圾掩埋場地逐漸
尋找困難,焚化法已經成為處理固體廢棄物的重要方法。但是焚化法
也有它的問題,其所產生的焚化灰渣含有大量的重金屬及有害物質,
因此需要先進的技術來處理這些有害的灰渣。利用玻璃化的技術來處
理焚化灰渣已經逐漸受到世人重視,因為玻璃化的熔融技術可以使焚
化灰渣減容、減積、更有效率的分解有機物,最後冷卻後形成堅硬玻
璃質的塊狀物質,並將重金屬安全固結在玻璃的網狀結構中。玻璃化
技術的缺點為耗能及成本較高,因此如何再生利用其所產生的熔渣即
為成功的關鍵。將熔渣製成玻璃陶瓷及無機聚合材料可能為解決此問
題的較佳方法。
玻璃陶瓷具有顯著的物理及機械性質,同時具有良好的化學抗蝕性。
焚化灰渣可作為CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 玻璃陶瓷的原料。利用控制起始原
料的化學成分及適當的熱處理程序,即可獲得所需特性的玻璃質結晶
相。另一方面,無機聚合材料也具有優良的性質。其與天然的沸石類
似,有三維矽鋁質結構,具有不燃、早強、耐火絕熱、抗酸鹼、製造
容易、室溫製成、低二氧化碳排放等特性,已成為新一代革命性的綠
色材料。在本次的簡介中,將介紹如何利用高溫熔融處理技術與無機
聚合技術來終極處理垃圾及固體廢棄物。此等技術對於工程的應用非
常有潛力。
8
Integration of Structural Nanomaterials for Enhancing
the Sustainability
through Advanced Design and Processing
LU Jian
Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong
Kong
We summarize our recent works on the advanced metallic nanomaterials
with exceptional properties using multiscale metallurgical structure-driven
design combined with advanced simulation. The effect of nanostructured
materials on the mechanical behavior and on the failure mechanism of
metallic materials shows the possibility to develop a new family of
materials using property gradient and strain non-localization concept. The
computational models and experimental results successfully provide
valuable information about the nanomaterials properties as a function
nanostructure configuration (nanograins, nanotwins, nanocrystal-glasses).
The structural nanomaterials produced using physical processing and
combined heat treatment has been studied at nanoscale and atomic scale.
The material studied using nanomechanics based experimental
investigations (nanoindentation and nano-pillar tests) can reveal the effects
of the atomic structure and nanostructure gradient on the mechanical
behaviors. The applications in energy, transportation, biomedical,
jewellery and consumable electronics will be presented. The integration of
nanomaterials using advanced design tools with associated processing
development will be introduced. We will also show the real examples of
green processing, light weight structures including lattice structures for
energy saving, improvement of energy efficiency for the production and
storage of energy.
基于先进设计及工艺的环保结构纳米材料集成
吕坚
香港城市大学先进结构材料研究中心
本报告将综合介绍我们基于多尺度金属组织结构设计与模拟在先进纳
米金属材料的特殊性能工作的新进展。纳米组织结构对力学性能和破
坏机制的作用证明可以基于性能梯度和应变非局域化理念发展新的一
族纳米材料。计算模型和实验结果可以提供关于纳米材料性能和纳米
组织构成(纳米晶,纳米孪晶,纳米晶-玻璃)之间关系有用的信
息。基于纳米压痕法,纳米微墩法的纳米力学实验揭示了物理法及热
处理制备的结构纳米材料的原子结构及组织梯度对力学性能的影响。
还将介绍基于先进设计工具及相关工艺的纳米材料集成。我们还将介
绍绿色工艺,含衍架结构的节能轻量结构, 能源生产和储存能源效率
提高的案例。
9
Development of the Concept of Sustainability for
Gifted Students using an International Cooperative
Tutor System
HAN Yulai*, LI Wenlou, GUAN Jianguo, LIU Hanxing,
ZHANG Qingjie
School of Materials Science & Engineering,
Wuhan University of Technology
The idea of sustainable development is a new concept which is of vital
importance in an age when human society is facing problems of resource
depletion, ecological crisis and environmental pollution. How to
strengthen the teaching of sustainable development in higher education is
an important issue. Materials industries are an essential aspect of the
national economy. Strengthening the concept of sustainable development
is an important task for talent cultivation in materials science and
engineering. Transformation and upgrading of traditional materials
industry, new material preparation technology and the demand for low
carbon development call for further implementation of the sustainable
development concept. The International School of Materials Science and
Engineering (ISMSE), Wuhan University of Technology emphasizes
“international collaboration, industrial collaboration and scientific
collaboration” in the training of talented engineers. ISMSE established the
international cooperative tutor team, consisting of leading scientists from
world-famous universities, outstanding engineers from building materials
and new materials industry and leading researchers from China. It aims to
cultivating students' concept of sustainable development, teamwork and
leadership, guiding them to pay attention to practical problems related to
sustainable development, such as materials, energy, resources and
environment.
基于团队导师制培养拔尖创新人才的可持续发展理念
刘韩星* 韩雨来 李文路 官建国 麦立强 张清杰
武汉理工大学 材料科学与工程国际化示范学院
可持续发展理念是人类社会在面临资源枯竭、生态危机、环境污染的
严峻情况下提出的一种新的发展观。如何在高等教育中加强可持续发
展理念培养是重要的课题。材料工业是支撑国民经济的重要基础性产
业,建立可持续发展理念是材料科学与工程人才培养的重要任务。传
统材料产业的转型升级、新材料制备技术对传统材料产业的改造与低
碳发展的需求对培养学生可持续发展理念提出了更高的要求。武汉理
工大学材料科学与工程国际化示范学院在拔尖创新人才培养过程中,
强调人才培养的“国际协同、行业协同、科教协同”,确立了人才培
养的国际导师团队制。来自国际一流高校的海外著名学者、建材和新
材料产业的杰出工程师、国内的领军教授一起共同组建导师团队,培
养学生的可持续发展理念、团队精神及领导力,引导学生关注材料、
能源、资源、环境等与可持续发展休戚相关的现实问题。
* Speaker 发言人
10
Education and the development of High quality
students specialized in Materials Engineering
CAI Yan*,YU Chun,WANG Min
School of materials Science 1 Engineering,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Training in both Engineering practice and innovation ability are basic
qualities needed both for scientific research and technical personnel in the
field of material engineering. These qualities should be developed from the
initial stage of undergraduate studies. Some engineering related courses,
including “Introduction to Engineering”, are offered from the first year. A
group of engineering courses, aiming at “the Excellent Engineer Program”,
are given in the fourth year. Through this mode, the specialized
knowledge, as well as engineering skills on engineering consciousness and
cooperation, is developed during the whole undergraduate program.
Classroom lectures and case study constitute 50% course hours,
respectively. The former is combined with specific engineering case
studies and relevant engineering knowledge to develop analytical abilities
in the students. The use of case studies cultivates in the students’
comprehensive capabilities of defining, evaluating and solving real world
engineering problems. . In recent years, this kind of project teaching has
achieved good effects and student feedback. Students work involves many
aspects, including construction materials selection and environment-
friendly product. It has effectively stimulated the interest of
undergraduates in material engineering, and helped the students to form
the professional engineering quality.
面向材料专业的工程学教育和工程素质培养
蔡艳*,余春,王敏
上海交通大学 材料科学与工程学院
工程实践和创新能力是材料工程领域科研技术人员必须具备的基本素
质,应当从本科教育初期就开始加强培养和锻炼。上海交通大学材料
学院从本科一年级起就开设了工程学相关课程,如“工程学导论”课
程,并且在大四时专门设立了“卓越工程师”教学模块。不仅为学生
提供工程问题及解决方案的基础知识,而且注重培养学生提出和解决
工程问题的素质,在团队合作中提升学生用英语进行技术交流的能
力。课堂讲学和课程项目各占 50%课时,前者结合具体工程案例进行
相关工程学知识的讲解,培养学生工程思考能力;后者通过项目建
议、申请、组建项目团队、项目实施与报告,培育学生发现工程问
题、评估工程问题、合作解决工程问题及相互交流工程问题的能力。
近年来,这类工程教学内容取得了良好的教学效果和学生反馈,学生
作品涉及工程材料选用、产品环境友好等方面,有效地激发了本科生
对材料工程专业的兴趣,帮助学生初步形成了本专业的工程素质。
* Speaker 发言人
11
Implementing the Concept of Sustainability in
Teaching and Research
LIANG Xin
School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Changzhou University
The energy resources crisis and the negative impact of conventional
energy methods on the environment demand the implementation of
sustainability in education, research and industry. In this talk, I will briefly
introduce the necessity of energy and environmental sustainability in a
global picture, and present a few examples that people have been carrying
out in teaching and research. The implementing of sustainability may
require collaborative and multi-disciplinary efforts to put it into practical
effect, especially in teaching.
教学与科研中贯彻可持续性的观念
梁鑫
常州大学 材料科学与工程学院
能源危机以及传统能源技术带来的恶性环境效应急迫地需要在教学、
科研及工业生产中考虑并贯彻可持续性的概念。本报告将立足于全球
能源与环境的角度简要阐述实施可持续性的必要性,同时介绍一些在
教学和科研中实施可持续性概念的案例。有效地实践可持续性工程教
学可能需要高校多学科教师以联合教学的方式进行。
12
Engineering Materials Selection
– An open course based on “CES EduPack”
LV Qinggong*, XU Wenjing, MU Renling
School of Advanced Engineering,
University of Science & Technology Beijing
“Engineering Materials Selection” is one of the open courses offered by
our school of Advanced Engineering. The course is committed to teaching
students how to choose suitable materials and processes according to the
product design requirements, how to calculate preliminarily the product
cost and how to analyze ecologically based on the product life cycle.
Through this course, students should get comprehensive trainings in ideas,
methods and skills of engineering materials selection, as well as enhance
the awareness of energy saving and environment protection.
“CES EduPack” software (Granta, Cambridge, UK) is developed
according to Professor Ashby’s work “Materials: Engineering, Science,
Processing and Design”, which provides all kinds of data covering more
than 3900 materials and 200 processings. It offers strategies for
engineering materials and processing selection based on Design-Led route.
It supplies ecological analysis models related to the product life cycle.
The total hours of the course is 16 hours, including 8 hours of lecture and 8
hours project which are assigned for group discussions, choosing topics
and submitting reports. Our one-year teaching experience indicates that
“Engineering Materials Selection” based on the CES EduPack software is
successful. However, the English version of the software is too difficult for
Chinese students to well understand the technical vocabulary of this very
original and educative tool. They have spent much time to consult
language translators and/or ask teacher’s assistance.
工程材料优选方法—基于 CES EduPack 教育软件的公
共选修课
吕庆功*,许文婧,牟仁玲
北京科技大学 高等工程师学院
“工程材料优选方法”是高等工程师学院开设的公共选修课程,目的
是传授学生如何根据产品设计要求选择出适合的材料和工艺类型,初
步核算生产成本,并基于产品生命周期进行生态分析。通过本课程的
学习,学生将在工程材料选择的思路、方法和技能方面得到综合训
练,同时增强节能和环保意识。
CES EduPack 教学软件是剑桥 Granta 公司依据 Ashby 教授的著作
《Materials: Engineering, Science, Processing and Design》而
开发的,它提供了 3900 多种材料和 200 多种工艺的属性数据,支持
基于 Design-Led 思路的工程材料和工艺选择策略,同时提供了基于
产品生命周期的生态分析模块,可有效支撑“工程材料优选方法”课
程。
“工程材料优选方法”课程学时为 16 学时,其中讲授 8 学时,其他
时间由学生自行分组、选题并编写产品选材报告。教学实践证明,基
于 CES EduPack 开设工程材料优选方法课程是成功的,学生的学习体
会和选材报告可以证明。教学中发现的主要问题是软件不是中文版,
学生对专业英语词汇的理解比较困难,需要借助翻译软件和教师的指
导进行课程学习。
* Speaker 发言人
13
Material criticality, circularity, risk and resilience
Marc FRY
Granta Design, Cambridge, UK
Today’s advanced products need elements from most of the periodic table.
Superalloys, aluminum alloys and steels are now much more complex and
it is especially true of electronic products. There are many prerequisites for
Sustainable Design including the ability to ensure the materials supply
chain is secure.
It is easy for students to get the wrong idea and think that materials are
available in any quantity and at constant price. It is very important for
students to understand this is not true. Material supply chains are complex
and can be influenced by many constraints. This talk will discuss some of
these constraints and possible ways of protecting against their influence.
材料的临界值、循环性、风险和应变能力
FRY(福来)
英国剑桥 Granta 教育软件公司
当今先进的产品需要用到周期表中的大多数元素。超合金,铝合金和
钢现在要复杂得多,在电子产品的情况下尤其如此。可持续设计有许
多先决条件,包括确保材料供应链的能力。
学生比较容易错误地认为材料是隨時可以取得的,不论何等数量和价
格。非常重要的一点是让学生明白这种想法是错误的。材料的供应链
是复杂的,可以受许多限制的影响。这个报告中将讨论其中的一些限
制和防止其影响的可能途径。
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CES 短期培训日程表
CES Training Course
时间:2016 6.29-6.30 地点:综合楼丁教室
Date:June 29 -30, 2016 Venue: Room Ding
时间
Time
日程
Schedule
9:00 现场注册
Registration
9:30 举办单位致欢迎词
Introduction
9:35
培训简介、教学资源网站分享以及日程介绍 (福来)
Introductions, Teaching Resources Website and Agenda Review
(Marc Fry)
9:45 CES EduPack 的材料、数据及图表 (阿诗笔)
Materials, Data and Charts for CES EduPack (Mike Ashby)
10:45 练习 Hands-on Exercise
11:10
操作特性:组成部分、微观结构以及体系结构 (福来)
Manipulating Properties: Composition, Microstructure, Architecture
(Marc Fry)
11:45 练习 Hands-on Exercise
12:00
高级数据库:标准,生物工程,聚合物,航空航天 (福来)
Advanced Databases: Standard, Bioengineering, Polymer, Aerospace
(Marc Fry)
12:30 午餐 Lunch
13:30 材料优选 (马丁)
Materials Selection (Nicolas Martin)
14:30 练习
Hands-on Exercise
15:00 茶歇
Coffee & Refreshments
15:30
生态选择以及生态审计工具—培养学生寿命周期思维 (阿诗笔)
Eco-selection and Eco Audit Tool: Introducing students to life-cycle
thinking (Mike Ashby)
16:15 练习
Hands-on Exercise
16:45 会议总结及自由讨论 (阿诗笔)
Wrap up and Discussion (Mike Ashby)
17:30 课程培训结束
End
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授课老师 Training Course Teachers
Professor Mike Ashby 阿诗笔教授
Mike Ashby, Emeritus Professor in the
Department of Engineering at the University of
Cambridge, is a world-renowned authority on
engineering materials being the author/co-
author of classical textbooks and of over 200
papers on topics including the mechanisms of
plasticity and fracture, powder compaction,
mechanisms of wear, methodologies for
materials selection, and the modeling of material
shaping processes. He is recipient of numerous
awards and honours including Fellow of the
Royal Society and Overseas Member of the
American Academy of Engineering.
阿诗笔博士是剑桥大学工程系教授,在全球材
料工程领域享有盛誉。出版经典教材多部,发
表文章 200 余篇。其科学研究方向包括塑性与
断裂机理、粉末冶金、磨损机理、材料优选以
及材料成型过程的建模。
Mr. Marc Fry 福来先生
Marc Fry is Director of the Education Division of
Granta Design. He holds a Mechanical /
Aerospace Engineering Degree from the
University of Cambridge and an EMBA from the
Judge Business School at Cambridge with a
specialization in university spin-off companies.
福来现任 Granta Design 教育部主任。拥有
剑桥大学机械和航空工程学士学位以及剑桥
大学商学院 EMBA。
Dr. Nicolas Martin 马丁博士
Dr. Nicolas Martin holds a PhD in materials
science as well as a master’s degree in Physics
and Chemistry from the University of Bordeaux,
France. Nicolas has worked for the alternative
energies and atomic energy commission (CEA)
and the Safran group before joining Granta.
With industrial sponsorship his doctorate
involved composite material improvements for
aeronautic applications.
马丁博士是 Granta 项目开发负责人之一。他拥有法国波尔多大学物
理化学硕士和材料学博士学位。在进入 Granta 教育软件公司之前,
马丁博士就职于法国原子能和替代能源专署(CEA)。
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北京科技大学 www.ustb.edu.cn
University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)
+86-10-62315522 (会议中心前台 Reception of Convention Centre)
北科大会议中心是本次国际研讨会的会场及住宿、用餐地点。
USTB Convention Centre is the venue for the main Symposium
and for accommodation booked via USTB.
停车及路径 Directions & Parking
驾车赴会者请从北四环辅路(路北)进入北京科技大学会议中心。
会议期间院内停车免费。
If driving, access to the car park is off 4th North Ring Road. Parking
in the yard of USTB Convention Centre is free of charge.
用餐 Meals
国际研讨会及 CES 培训期间午餐及晚餐免费(6 月 27 日晚餐至 6
月 30 日晚餐)。用餐地点均在会议中心酒楼 2 层大厅,报到处
发放会议资料及用餐券。会议中心住宿费含双早。
All the meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) during the symposium and
the CES training course,for all participants for free, will be taken at
the 2nd floor of the USTB Convention Center. Meal coupons will be
handed out upon checking in. A double-breakfast/room/night is
included in the hotel payment.
UST
B C
on
ven
tio
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Cen
ter
(Sym
po
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m &
din
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)
CES
Trai
nin
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Co
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Bu
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Stat
ion
Bu
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Stat
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