source :全球產研整理, 2001/11
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純玻璃觸控技術比較
比較項目 電容式(Capacitive)
音波式 (SAW)
紅外線式 (IR) 近場感應式 (NFI)
觸控介質 手或其他帶導體之介質
限手或其他軟性介質
手 ( 可戴手套 )或其他介質
手 ( 可戴手套 ) 或其他介質
感應方式 運用人體靜電感應電流變化
偵測聲波
訊號遮斷
電場感應
透光度 90% 以上 92% 以上 100% 90%
觸控準確度 佳 ( 錯誤率<1%)
優
佳
佳
觸控次數 2 億次 5,000 萬次 千萬次以上
千萬次
特性防污、防火、防靜電及灰塵、耐刮、反應速度快
防火、耐刮 可靠性高、耐刮、防火性佳、但防水及防汙性較差
防火性佳、但易受其他介質干擾
應用領域
ATM 、 POI 、POS 、公共查詢機 (KIOSK) 、工業用設備
公共查詢機、自動售票機、 POI 、 POS 、醫療器材
ATM 、 OA 事務機、電子白板、醫療器材、工業用設備
醫療器材及其他工業、特殊用途設備
Source :全球產研整理, 2001/11
Capacitive_ Surface process
Grounding
Input Current
Input Current
Input Current
Input Current
Capacitive Operation Principle
電阻式觸控面板構成及種類 Film/Film Film/Glass Glass/Glass Film/Plastic
上側 Film Film Glass Film
下側 Film Glass Glass Plastic
特性
1. 重量輕2. 應用二層 Film 的貼和,透光率至少(80% 以上 )
1. 目前最主流使用之產品,技術最成熟2. 透光率達 82% 以上
適合條件惡劣的環境使用,抗候性、抗衡性佳
1. 質量輕、不易破損2. 透光率可達 80%以上
應用產品 FA 用途 PDA 車用顯示器 PDA
(Film or Plastic)
Source :全球產研整理, 2001/11
Dot Spacer
四線式 五線式 六線式 七線式 八線式
上部電極
下部電極
特性
1. 為最一般之配線方式,不受專利權限制2.. 產品不耐刮、壽命較短3. 價格最低
1. 美商 ELO Touch System 及 3M Touch System 之專利技術2. 改良四線式不耐刮之缺點
1. 國內廠商宇宙光電之專利技術2. 除耐刮外,更增加防電磁波及噪音功能
1. 日商富士通之專利技術2. 耐刮、準確度較高
1.3M Touch System之專利2. 耐溼度及環境溫度變化,適合工業用途
電阻式觸控面板電極配線方式
Source :全球產研整理, 2001/11
X1 X2
Y2
Y1
X2
X1 X3
X4
Y1 Y2
Y3 Y4Y2
X1X2
Y1 Y1
Y2
X1X2
電阻式面板結構
Source :全球產研整理, 2001/11
( Hard Coat Layer)
手指或筆等介質
薄膜(ITO Membrane)
上部電極(Electrode X1)
點隔片(Dot Spacer)
下部電極(Electrode Y1)
玻璃基板或薄膜(Glass or Film Plate)
玻璃電極(Glass Electrode)
薄膜電極(Film Electrode)
硬殼層(
手指或筆等介質
薄膜(ITO Membrane)
上部電極(Electrode X1)
點隔片(Dot Spacer)
下部電極(Electrode Y1)
玻璃基板或薄膜(Glass or Film Plate)
玻璃電極(Glass Electrode)
薄膜電極(Film Electrode)
電磁感應式 Digitizer_ structure
Sensor Board
LCD Display
Cover and Protective Glass
Battery Free, Digital Pen
Optical_ Infrared
http://www.elotouch.com/products/Touchscreens/CarrollTouch/howitworks.asp*Ref.[5]
AUO Proprietary & Confidential
Integrated Touch Panel
Optical_ Photo sensor
Black Matrix
Readout TFTPhoto-Sensor TFT
Color Filter
Pixel ITO
Black Matrix
Readout TFTPhoto-Sensor TFT
Color Filter
Pixel ITO
Cst2
Photo TFT W/L=6/6
Readout TFT
Sense lineData line
Blue pixel
Select line
*Ref.[6]
Operating of Press_Type Touch Panel△Clc2 will depend on the pressure.
PressRelease
Clc
Clc2 changedto Short
Clc
Cst on Com
Clc
Clc2
Readout TFT
Cfb
Charge Amplifier
Address TFT
Select
VREF
VOUT
reset
VCOM
CF VCOM (DC is better)
+-
Provide by RSEF0 JM Display Area
Sensor Area
Touch Panel Touch Panel: PS on CF
Similar Hybrid PS structure
No need to add bump, but CF ITO is deposited on PS.
The space between PS and PX should be larger than 5m in case of alignment shift.
Photo Spacer
CF 1.4m
ITO (0.075m)
Cell Gap (normal area) 4.8m
Cell Gap (Sensing Area) 0.6m
Photo Spacer (4.0m)
Photo Spacer
Space > 5m
Pixel electrode
Pixel electrode
Touch Panel for New User InterfaceUI focusing on finger input (UI defines how user operates the device; not touch panel)
Apple iPhone LG PRADA HTC Touch
Screen Size 3.5” (HVGA 480x320) 3.0” (WQVGA 400x240) 2.8” (QVGA 320x240)
Touch Panel Capacitive Touch Panel Capacitive Touch Panel on Protective Screen (Synaptics)
Resistive Touch Panel
Multi-touch Multi-touch Single-touch Single-touch
Operation Two hand Single hand Single Hand
UI iPhone UI on OS-X Adobe Flash Lite UI Windows Mobile &HTC’s TouchFLO
Finger input only applications: DSC, Car navigation, PMP, MP3, information displayFor PDA, smart phone or GPS, UI can cover the need of pen writing using on-screen keypad.
• Capacitive Type Touch Panel• Proximity of object to sensor provide different capacitance value for sensors• Detection of sensor can be done with two types
• E-field Sensor• Detection of capacitance by change of electric field
• Capacitive Sensor• Detection of capacitance by measuring holding charge
• Other sensor types• Inductive Sensors
• Detection of the proximity of metal objects only (electro-magnetic)• Optical Sensors
Non-Contact Presence Sensors (Proximity)
• Sensor Design Consideration
Capacitive Touch Panel
TPII Proposal v1
Feature:
Easy Process- Not necessary to be traIt could be attached by 雙面膠 in module process.
Issue:
Thick module-An extra glass and AG film is necessary.
TFT
CF Glass
Glass (0.5mm)
LC
PFTouch Sensor Set
Color Resist
TFT
CF Glass
LC
PF
Color Resist
AG AG
TPII Proposal v2
Feature:
Thin module—No need extra glass.
Issue:
Process complexity– Due to CF maker could not pattern ITO, it is necessary to finish touch panel in Array Fab before CF process.
Color Resist
TFT
CF Glass
LC
PFTouch Sensor Set
TP side process
TP Sensor Process Flow
GlassGlass
ITOITO
MolyMoly
OC1OC1
Glass 入料Glass 入料 ITO SputterITO Sputter ITO EtchingITO Etching
Metal SputterMetal SputterMetal EtchingMetal Etching
OC1 depositOC1 deposit
APR PrintingAPR PrintingOC2 depositOC2 deposit
3F ITO line 2F TBM line 3F OC line
2F Cr line3F Metal etching line3F PI coater line3F PS line
On cell
TP2
TP side process
GlassITO Sputter
ITO Etching
OC1 ProcessMoly EtchingAPR Process
OC2 Process
ITO target
TP Sensor One Glass Process ( 5PEP )
Glass
BMTP sensor
Glass 入料Glass 入料 ITO SputterITO Sputter ITO EtchingITO Etching
Metal SputterMetal SputterMetal EtchingMetal Etching OC1 depositOC1 depositAPR PrintingAPR Printing
OC2 depositOC2 deposit
BM depositBM deposit
1. The original 6 peps design to a new 5 peps design.
2. The new 5 peps design has few advantages, as cost down, lead time reduced and etc.
`
ITO
OC1BM
Metal
OC2
OC0BM
ITOMetal
OC2
Compare 5 pep with 6 pep process
One glass _ Original design with OC0 process
Process sequence :
BM, black matrix
(black matrix frame) BM
OC0BM OC0BM
OC0BM
ITO
ITO,
(patterned sensor)
OC0, over coat layer0
(isolated BM and ITO)
One glass _ Original design with OC0 process
Process sequence :
OC1, over coat layer1
(isolated ITO & metal)
Metal, metal bridge
(sensor connection)
OC2, over coat layer2
(Protection coating) OC0BM
ITOMetal
OC2
OC0BM
ITOMetal
OC0BM
ITO
Process sequence :
BM, black matrix
(black matrix frame)
ITO,
(patterned sensor)
OC1, over coat layer1
(isolated ITO & metal)
ITO
BM
BM
OC1BM
ITO
One glass _ New design remove OC0 process
`
OC1BM
Metal
ITO
`
OC1BM
Metal
ITO
Metal, metal bridge
(sensor connection)
OC2, over coat layer2
(Protection coating)
OC2
One glass _ New design remove OC0 process
CF side process
CF Process Flow
Glass reserveGlass reserve BM FormationBM Formation R resistorcoating
R resistorcoating
OCOCITOITOPSPS
B resistorcoating
B resistorcoating
G resistorcoating
G resistorcoating
2F RED line 2F BLU line
2F GRN line2F Thermal OC line2F ITO line2F PS line
Cr BM Process
空白玻璃 鍍第一層 Cr 膜 上光阻 (coating)
對準 , 曝光 (stepping)
顯影液
顯影 (developing) 蝕刻 (etching)
強酸液
去光阻 (striping)
去光阻液光罩
RBM Process
空白玻璃 塗佈 Resin film
顯影成膜及硬烤
顯影液 對準 , 曝光 (exposing)
光罩
RGB Process _ part 1 (2F_RGB line)
光罩
R 光阻塗佈 => Spin
曝光BM 玻璃
R 顯影成膜及硬烤B 光阻塗佈=> Spin
Slit coater
曝光
光罩Slit coater
RGB Process _ part 2 (2F_RGB line)
B 顯影成膜及硬烤 G 光阻塗佈=> Spin
曝光
B 顯影成膜及硬烤三色成品檢驗
Slit coater
OC Process (2F_Thermal OC line)
烘烤OC layer 塗佈
Spinless
RGB 基板
ITO Process
RGB+OC 基板
鍍好 ITO 膜之基板
在基板上放遮罩
移去遮罩之成品
濺鍍
ITO 靶
MVA Process (4F_MVA line)
MVA 光阻塗佈及旋轉
顯影烘烤
MVA 光罩
曝光
UV 燈
PS Process (2F_PS line)
PS 光阻塗佈及旋轉
顯影 烘烤
PS 光罩
曝光
UV 燈
TPII Mask Design1. TPII 5m X 5m design ( Cypress Design )
2. TPII 5m X 5m design ( for Yokohama )
TPII V1 : 根據 Cypress Design Guide line 設計
Sensor size = 4.9mm x 4.9mmSensor spacing = 0.3mm Sensor bridge width = 50umSpace = 0.3mm
V2
Sensor size = 4.9mm x 4.9mmSensor spacing = 0.3mmDummy width = 240umITO spacing = 30um
Sensor size = 4.9mm x 4.9mmSensor spacing = 0.3mmDummy width = 60umITO spacing = 30um
Sensor density = 14*8
TPII Type G v2 Design Capacitive Sense Touch panel (Sample output:8/E)
Glass
sensor dummydummy
dummy sensordummy
30um
Sensors in 2 plane Sensors in the same plane
A
ITO300A
SiNx1000A
ITO300A
PC4033um
ITO300A
PC4033.0um
ITO300A
PC4033um
ITO300A
PC4033.0um
ITO300A
PC4033um
Glass
sensor sensordummy
30um
Glass
sensor sensor
30um60um
ITO bridge
B
Cypress : 10k TPII v2 : 40~50k (14X), 105pF (14X)
Type 1st insulator
2nd insulator
T% ( x, y ) R 7.5X (1X)
B SiNx PC403 95.36% (0.315,0.322) 28.8K (4.6k)
B PC403 PC403 91.53% (0.316,0.323) 23.6K (3.1k)
A PC403 PC403 91.90% (0.321,0.329) 23.2K (3.1k)
LCDs with Integrated Touch Panel (Current status)AUO Samsung
iTSPSamsunghTSP
TMD Wintek Cypress CapSense
SynapticOnyx
Sensor Type
In-cell Capacitive / Switch Sensor
ExternalResistive Sensor
In-cell Capacitive Sensor
In-cell Photo Sensor
In-cell Capacitive Sensor
Capacitive(in-cell or integrated on-cell)
External Capacitive Sensor
Detection Pressure
<50g (touch mura)
Pressure required
Pressure required
0g 0g 0g 0g
LCM Thickness LCM only LCM + 1 film LCM only LCM only LCM only LCM only LCM only + external TP
Input Method Finger or stylus Finger or stylus Finger or stylus
Finger or light pen
Finger or metal stylus
Finger or metal stylus
Finger or metal stylus
Pen Writing YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
Multi-touch YES NO YES YES YES YES YES
Issues Touch Mura Dual side process for CF
Touch Mura
Touch Mura Lighting required for sensing
Patterned ITO process for CF
Patterned ITO process for CF
Vendor focuses on TP on protection screen
Demo 3.6” QVGA 4.8” WSVGA7.0” WVGA(SID 2007)
3.5” QVGA 2.8” WQVGA (SID 2007)
3.5” QVGA(SID 2007)
LG PRADA phone
Currently, there are only 4 companies with multi-touch technology and patent license:1. Synaptics, 2. Cypress, 3. ALPS, 4. EMC
Touch Panel Technology Comparison AUO (Current) Traditional
ResistiveTraditional Capacitive
Multi-touchResistive
Multi-touchCapacitive
Photo Cypress CapSense
Sensor Type
In-cell Cap. / Switch Sensor
Resistive Sensor Capacitive Sensor Res. Sensor Array
Cap. Sensor Array
Photo Sensor Array
Cap. Sensor
Sensing Pressure Pressure Proximity Pressure Proximity Shadow Proximity
Pressure <50g < 30g 0g < 30g 0g 0g 0g
LCM Thickness LCM only LCM + 1 glass / film
LCM only LCM + 1 glass / film
LCM only LCM only LCM only
ITO for TP 0 2 1 2 1 0 1
Transmittance 80% 80% 90% 80% 90% 80% 90%
Input Method Finger or stylus Finger or stylus Finger or metal stylus
Finger or stylus
Finger or metal stylus
Finger or light pen
Finger or metal stylus
Pen Writing YES YES YES ** YES YES ** YES *** YES **
Multi-touch YES NO NO YES YES YES YES
Single Hand YES * YES * YES YES * YES YES **** YES
Detection Simple / Complicated
Simple Complicated Simple Complicated Most Complicated
Complicated
Issues Touch Mura vs pressure
TP cavity, film process, patterned ITO on CF
patterned ITO on CF
TP cavity, film process, patterned ITO on CF
patterned ITO on CF
Lighting required, complex algorithm
Patterned ITO for CF
Application HTC TouchMid / Small size application
LG Prada
Large / Mid Size application
Apple iPhone TMD WinTek
* Single hand operation can be achieved if pressure is < 20g** Stylus with metallic tip required for pen writing** Light Pen required for pen writing*** Single hand operation depends on software capability
Source: 全球產研整理 2000/10 & 2001/11, 中華液晶資訊網 2002/05, 工研院 IEK-IT IS 計畫 2006/03, 時緯科技 2003/05, Hi touch2005/04, Microtouch, G touch
Touch Panel Technology ComparisonTech.
Item
Capacitive Acoustic Optical Resistive
電磁感應式DigitizerSurface
Projected(NFI)
SAW APR InfraredPhoto Sensor
4W 5W 6W 7W 8W
Detection CurrentElectric
fieldWave
absorptionWave
generationLight
interruptionPhoto
currentVoltage Magnetic field
Input medium
Finger, conductive
stylus
Finger, Gloves, or conductive
stylus
Finger, Gloves
Finger, Gloves, or Stylus (All)
ObstacleFinger, Gloves
Finger, Gloves, or Stylus (All) 專用電磁筆
特性( 差異點 )
反應速度快、防污、防靜電及灰塵,
但容易因靜電或溼度造成誤動作,
每次使用需作校正, 成本高較不適用於小尺寸面
板 高精確度,
抗震,
可在戶外陽光下使用,
不怕雨、水、灰塵等
怕水、油污及灰塵,
易受雜質干擾(
水,
溼氣)
拖曳、耐久性、穩定性佳,
防水、防塵、防油, 只需出廠校正一次,
無飄移現象, P
alm
reje
ction,
價格便宜
可靠性高,
但防水及防污較差、容易誤動作、解析度較差(
精密度不高), LE
D
發光量會衰退
應用於小尺寸面板,
容易因環境光而誤動作
不耐刮、壽命短、便宜
改良四線式不耐刮之缺點,
表層破損時仍可使用
耐刮、防電磁波、防雜訊
耐刮、準確度較高
特性同四線式,
耐溼度及環境溫度變化,
適合工業用途
電磁筆不需接觸到面板,
也可感應到位置訊息
優 / 缺
優點 :1. 防刮 , 耐高溫2. 透光度高3. 手輕微碰觸即可動作缺點 :1.製程較複雜2.過去有專利問題 , 成本較高 (APR例外 )3. 易受周圍環境影響 (Surface, SAW, IR)
優點 :1. 可整合現行製程
2.Longer life time
缺點 :1. 環境光影響大
優點 :1. 成本低 , 較輕薄2. 干擾性小3. 可增加 palm rejection function缺點 :1. 透光率差2.怕火3.需施 加壓力才能感應
優點 :1.壓力感應度高2. 手掌接觸到面板時不會誤動作
缺點 :1.需專用電磁筆2. 體積大 , 組裝不
易 , LCD 內需設置硬體線路
Resolution1024 X 10244096 X 4096
1024 X 1024
4096 X 4096
1024 X 1024
4096 X 4096
1024 X 1024
4096 X 4096
100 X 1001000 X 720
1024 X 1024
1024 X 10244096 X 4096
( 視 Driver, 應用電壓 及面板大小決定 )
1024 X 10244096 X 4096
Response time
15 ~ 24ms3ms/3M
<20ms <10ms <10ms 50 ~ 300ms<16.6ms(60Hz)
<20ms <8ms
Cost (USD)4 ~ 10/inch
5 ~ 8/inch
3 ~ 7/inch
--2 ~ 5/inch
0.6 ~ 1.4
/inch
1 ~ 2/inch
7 ~ 10
/inch
Touch Panel Technology ApplicationTech.
Appl.
Capacitive Acoustic Optical Resistive
電磁感應式DigitizerSurface
Projected(NFI)
SAW APR InfraredPhoto Sensor
4W 5W 6W 7W 8W
GD* ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ △ △ ○
AV ○ ○ ○ △ △ ○
NB** ○ ○ ○ △ △ ○ ○
DT ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ △ △ ○ ○
TV ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ △ △ ○
ApplicationSize
7” ↑
42” --
10” ↑
42” --
7” ↑
42” --2” ↑ 42”
--19” ↑ 2” ↑
2” ↑
80” --
7” ↑
21” --
* ATM, POI, POS, 公共查詢機 (KIOSK), 工業用設備 , 自動售票機 , 醫療器材 , OA 事務機 , 特殊用途設備** TABLET-PC
Source: 全球產研整理 2000/10 & 2001/11, 中華液晶資訊網 2002/05, 工研院 IEK-IT IS 計畫 2006/03, 時緯科技 2003/05, Hi touch2005/04, Microtouch, G touch, KEYTEC
△: 較少使用
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