subconjuctival haemorrhage

Edson Mutandwa MBBSIVSubconjuctival haemorrhage

uveitis

SUBCONJUCTIVAL HAEMORRHAGE

• A subconjunctival haemorrhage occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the clear surface of your eye (conjunctiva).

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORSCAUSES RISK FACTORSViolent coughingPowerful sneezingHeavy liftingVomitingRoughly rubbing your eyeSevere eye infectionTrauma

• Diabetes• High blood pressure

(hypertension)• Certain blood-thinning

medications, such as warfarin and aspirin

• Blood-clotting disorders

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMSPossible mild foreign body sensation SignsSIGNSBlood-red, well-circumscribed area overlying

sclera

TREATMENTReassurance Cold compressesArtificial tears

UVEITISUveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the

middle layer of the eye. The uvea consists of the iris, choroid and ciliary body.

The most common type of uveitis is an inflammation of the iris called iritis (anterior uveitis).

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORSThe specific cause of uveitis isn't clear. However, in some people, uveitis is associated with: Autoimmune disorders, such as Behcet's disease,

sarcoidosis or ankylosing spondylitisInflammatory disorders, such as Crohn's disease or

ulcerative colitisInfections such as cat-scratch disease, herpes, syphilis,

toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis or West Nile virusEye injuryCertain cancers, such as lymphoma, that can directly

or indirectly affect the eye

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSSIGNS SYMPTOMS• Unilateral or

bilateral• Pain• Photophobia• Tearing• Normal to mildly

decreased vision Signs

• Perilimbal flush• Watery discharge• Possible

constricted and sluggish pupil• Variable

intraocular pressure•

WORK UPComplete ocular history and examSystemic history and exam for various

associated conditionsSlit lamp examDeposits on posterior surface of cornea

(keratic precipitates)Inflammatory cells and protein (flare) in ACAdhesions of iris to surface of lens (posterior

synechiae)

Hypopyon

TREATMENT1. Anti-inflammatory medication. E.g corticosteroids 2. Antibiotic or antiviral medication. If uveitis is caused

by an infection3. Immunosuppressive or cell-destroying (cytotoxic)

medication. Immunosuppressive or cytotoxic agents may be necessary if your uveitis doesn't respond well to corticosteroids or becomes severe enough to threaten your vision.

4. Surgery. Vitrectomy-may be necessary both for diagnosis and management of your uveitis..