the passive voice. 被动语态基本用法 : 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时, 谓语的...

The Passive Voice

被动语态基本用法 :当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 ,谓语的形式是主动语态 .当句子的主语是动作的承受者时 ,谓语要用被动语态 .被动语态由助动词 be+过去分词 (及物动词）构成 ,时态通过 be表现出来。

His brother washes bowls

every day.

主 谓 宾 (受动者 )

Bowls are washed byhis brother every day.

1)They play football on Sunday.

2)Lucy does the homework in the evening.

Football is played on Sunday.

The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.3)They often use computers in class.Computers are often used in class.

4)We make these machines in Beilun.

These machines are made in Beilun.

5)People speak English as the first language in UK.

English is spoken as the first language in UK.

你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗？

*They make shoes in that factory.

Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般现在时的被动：主语 +am/is /are +p.p.*He looked after the little baby yesterday.

The little baby was looked after by him

yesterday .一般过去时的被动：主语 +was/were +p.p.

• They built the tall building last year.The tall building was built last year.He took good care of his little brother

yesterday.

His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.

We cleaned our classroom just now.Our classroom was cleaned just now.

They used this room for resting.This room was used for resting .They planted many trees years ago.

Many trees were planted years ago.*Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The room will be cleaned byTom tomorrow.

含有情态动词的被动：can/may/must/should + be+p.p.

• We will have a sports meeting next week.A sports meeting will be had next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.

Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.

A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.

1.He can take care of the baby.The baby can be taken care of by him.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.

The picture may be drawn by Lucy.

The lights must be turned off by you.

3.You must turn off the lights.

4.They should learn English well.

English should be learned well.5.Jim could do it yesterday.

It could be done by Jim yesterday.练习：1.Many people speak English.

English is spoken ( by many people).

2.They made computers in the U.S.A.

Computers were made in the U.S.A.3.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.Silk is produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou.4.They write business letters in English. Business letters are written in English.

5.They grow rice in South China. Rice is grown in South China.

6.Lu Xun wrote this book.

This book was written by Lu Xun.

7.The workers built some bridges.

Some bridges were built .

被动语态中的特殊情况 :1. 不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。

The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被动句： The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.

They look after the new students in the school.被动句： The new students are looked after by them in the school.

2. 当动词带有复合宾语 ( 有宾补 ), 并且宾补是省去“ to” 的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“ to”

1.They make us do all the work.

被动句： We are made to do all the work by them. 2.We often hear her sing songs.被动句： She is often heard to sing songs by us. 3.I saw him walk to school.被动句： He was seen to walk to school by me.

这些动词真奇怪，主动句中 to 离开，被动句中 to 回 来 .

（ let ,have ,make ， feel ， see ,watch, hear, notice…)

My mother bought me a computer.

1. I was bought a computer by my mother .

2. A computer was bought for me by my mother .

3. 当动词带双宾语时 ( 一个宾语是指人，一个是指物 ) ，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“ to” 或“ for” 。常见加 to 的动词有 : give, send, teach,write, show, pass, ask,

tell… 常见加 for 的动词有 make, draw, buy ,read …

He gives me a flower everyday.

2. A flower is given to me by him everyday.

1. I am given a flower by him everyday.

练习：将下列句子变为被动句。 1. Li Lei listens to his father carefully.

His father is listened to carefully by Li Lei.

2.The mother looked after the baby in the room.

The baby was looked after by the mother in the room.

3.They gave us some work.

Some work was given to us ( by them).

We were given some work ( by them).

4.The boy made them laugh all the time.

They were made to laugh ( by the boy ) all the time.

5.My mother buys me a bike.

I am bought a bike ( by my mother).

A bike is bought for me ( by my mother) .

1.People use knives for cutting things.

Knives ____ _____ for cutting things.

2. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.

He _____ ______ _____ _________ only two meals a day.

.3.I found the ticket on the floor.

_____ ______ ____ ____ on the floor.

are used

was made to have

The ticket was found

4.I told her to return the book in time.She ___ ______ to return the book in time.

was told

5. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) ____ ______ ______ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps

_____ ______ ____ ____ .

We were given

were given to us

6. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _____ ______ _______ ________ at this time last time?7.Must we finish our work today? _____ our work ____ ________ today?8.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom ______ _______ to turn on the computer.

Were many trees planted

Must be finished

was asked

9.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _____ _____by women in this factory.

10.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike ______ ____ ___________ in two days.

11.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _____ ___ ________ three times a day.

is done

can be mended

must be taken

12.The students in this school study German.

German ___ _______ by the students in this school.

13.Do they often talk about this question?

_____ this question often _______ about _____ _______?

is studied

talked by them Is

下列时态的被动语态构成 1.Lucy is watering the trees.1.Lucy is watering the trees.2.The boy was mending his bike.2.The boy was mending his bike.3.We have finished our 3.We have finished our compositions.compositions.

各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：

一般过去时：

S+am/is /are +done

S+was/were +done

情态动词：S+ can/may/must/ should + be+ done

Homework :1. He cleans the classroom everyday.2. They finished their homework.3.I can mend his bike.

4.She will buy ten books tomorrow.5.We shouldn’t allow them to go out with their friends.6.The old man often makes us laugh.