tomakomai ccs demonstration project of japan, co … · 1 tomakomai ccs demonstration project of...
Post on 16-May-2018
221 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
1
Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project of Japan, CO2 Injection in Progress
Yutaka Tanaka, Yoshihiro Sawada, Daiji Tanase, Tetsuo Kasukawa, Jiro Tanaka
Japan CCS Co., Ltd.
1. Introduction
A large-scale CCS demonstration project is currently being undertaken by the Japanese
government which is Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (hereinafter METI) in the
Tomakomai area, Hokkaido prefecture, Japan. The project objective is to demonstrate the viability of
a full CCS system, from CO2 capture to injection and storage. One hundred thousand tonnes/year or
more of CO2 will be injected and stored in offshore saline aquifers in the Tomakomai port area. The
implementation of this project has been commissioned to Japan CCS Co., Ltd. Construction of the
facilities was completed in October 2015, and after finishing a test-run in February, CO2 injection
commenced in April 2016. The implementation of CO2 injection is scheduled for three years, and the
monitoring of micro-seismicity, natural earthquakes and the marine environment will be conducted
for five years. The total CO2 amount injected into the shallow reservoir reached ten thousand tonnes
in February 2017.
2. Project overview
The main features of this project are as follows:
・ First full CCS system deployed in Japan, a country prone to frequent earthquakes.
・ Two-stage CO2 capture system providing for low energy consumption.
・ First case of deviated CO2 injection wells drilled into offshore reservoirs from an onshore injection
facility, greatly saving drilling and maintenance costs.
・ Injection interval length exceeding 1,100m to enhance injection efficiency.
・ Extensive monitoring system to verify that natural earthquakes do not effect CO2 injection and
that CO2 injection does not induce noticeable tremors
・ CO2 storage governed by Japanese law reflecting London 1996 Protocol
・ First case of CCS near urban area, requiring extensive stakeholder engagement.
The CO2 source is a hydrogen production unit (HPU) of an adjacent oil refinery, which supplies
off gas containing approximately 50% CO2 from a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) hydrogen
purification unit. Figure 1 shows the gas flow from the CO2 source to the capture and injection
facilities. In the capture facility, gaseous CO2 of 99% purity is recovered by a commercially proven
amine scrubbing process. Figure 2 shows an aerial photo of the ground facilities. A two-stage
absorption system including a low pressure flash tower reduces the amine reboiler duty in the
capture system, and the energy consumption for CO2 capture is approximately 1.22 GJ/tonne-CO2 or
less. Figure 3 shows the CO2 capture process applied to the project.
At the onshore injection facility, the CO2 is compressed and injected into two different offshore
reservoirs by two separate deviated wells, as illustrated in Figure 4. The storage points are located 3
to 4 km offshore. The shallow reservoir, a saline aquifer mainly composed of sandstone located
approximately 1,000m below the seabed, was reached by an extended reach drilling (ERD) well with
a maximum inclination of 83 degrees, vertical depth of 1,188m and horizontal reach of 3,058m
(Figure 5). Slotted liners covered by sand control screens were set over the injection interval almost
1,200m in length in order to minimize sand flow back into the well. The deep reservoir is a saline
aquifer composed of volcanic/volcaniclastic rocks located approximately 2,500m below the seabed.
2
The deep injection well has a maximum inclination of 72 degrees, vertical depth of 2,753m and
horizontal reach of 4,346m.
Figure 1. Gas flow from CO2 source to capture and injection facilities
Figure 2. Aerial photo of the CO2 capture and injection facilities
Tokyo
Tomakomai
3
Figure 3. CO2 capture process of the Tomakomai CCS demonstration project
Figure 4. Schematic geological cross section of the Tomakomai demonstration site
Figure 5. Profile of the injection well (IW-2) for the Moebetsu Formation
4
To confirm the safety and stability of CO2 injection, it is necessary to monitor the CO2 behavior in
the reservoirs and conduct observation continuously to detect any CO2 leakage. For this purpose,
surveys to delineate the subsurface CO2 distribution and monitoring of the injected CO2 volume,
formation pressure and temperature will be conducting. As Japan is highly susceptible to
earthquakes, natural earthquakes and micro-seismicity are also monitoring to verify that natural
earthquakes do not affect the stored CO2, and that CO2 injection does not cause any increase in
noticeable tremors. The extensive monitoring system comprising 3 observation wells, 4 ocean
bottom seismometers, 1 ocean bottom cable, wellbore temperature, pressure, and flow meters has
been established for this purpose. Baseline 3D and 2D seismic surveys were conducted in JFY2009
and JFY2013 respectively, and yearly-related 2D and 3D seismic surveys are to be repeated from
JFY 2016 to the end of the project. The monitoring data will also be used to update a simulation
model to predict CO2 behavior. Figure 6 illustrates the layout of the monitoring facilities that have
been established and Table 1 shows the planned monitoring items.
Figure 6. Layout of the monitoring facilities
In Japan, subsea CO2 geological storage is regulated by the Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution
and Maritime Disaster under the regulatory authority of the Japanese Government - Ministry of
Environment (hereinafter MOE), enforced to reflect the London 1996 Protocol. The baseline marine
environmental surveys were conducted from JFY2013 to JFY2014 and from JFY2016, seasonal
surveys are to be conducted as quarterly marine environmental monitoring after the start of CO2
injection.
This project considers to be exempted from the London Protocol in that CO2 will be injecting
onshore utilizing deviated wells. However, this project may be possibly recognized as the world’s
first CCS project to be operated under the framework of the Protocol.
5
Table 1. Monitoring items
Tomakomai City has a population of 173,000, and as the operation is taking place in the port area,
intensive stakeholder engagement has been implemented since JFY2011. Securing the strong support
of the Tomakomai government, a wide range of activities; providing information on Japan CCS’s
website, exhibitions and forums for residents, receiving site visits, engaging in consultation and
collaboration with government officials and fishing unions, conducting interviews with local and
national media, etc., is being carried out.
3. Present status of CO2 injection
The CO2 injection tests performed in April and May 2016 were very successful, confirming that
CO2 could be injected at rates close to the design capacity of 210,000 tonnes/year. Full-scale CO2
injection was planned from the second half of 2016. The full-scale CO2 injection was restarted in
early February 2017. The total injection volume reached 10,000 tonnes in the middle of February.
No tremors attributable to CO2 injection have been detected to date after commencement of CO2
injection. The forward plan is to implement CO2 injection for 2 more years until JFY2018, and
continue monitoring for an additional 2 years until the end of JFY2020.
Japan CCS is actively conducting international activities for knowledge sharing of CCS
worldwide. The Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project was formally certified as a CSLF (Carbon
Sequestration Leadership Forum) Recognized Project at the CSLF Annual Meeting in Tokyo in
October 2016. Japan CCS was also nominated the Asia-Pacific regional champion for stakeholder
engagement.
6
4. Conclusion
The Tomakomai CCS demonstration project planned for the period JFY 2012 to 2020 aims to
demonstrate and verify the technical viability of a full cycle CCS system from capture through
injection and storage. Unique features of the project include an energy efficient CO2 capture facility,
and onshore to offshore injection into two separate reservoirs by two dedicated deviated injection wells.
The demonstration facilities comprising the CO2 capture facility, CO2 injection facility, two
injection wells, three observation wells and various onshore and offshore monitoring systems were
completed during the first four-year period (JFY 2012 – 2015). The project will capture and store
100,000 tonnes per year or more of CO2 from JFY 2016 to 2018. The CO2 injection into the shallow
Moebetsu Formation started in April 2016, and the test injection results indicated that the injectivity
of this reservoir is very high. The cumulative injection volume reached 10,000 tonnes in the middle of
February, and the injection will continue until March 2019.
The project is being carried out in the port area of Tomakomai City, and a wide range of public
outreach programs have been developed and are being run in parallel with the implementation of the
project.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express thanks to METI for its kind permission to disclose information
on the Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project.
References
[1] Xue Z and Matsuoka T, Lessons from the First Japanese Pilot Project on Saline Aquifer CO2 Storage (in Japanese). J Geography
117 (4), p.734-752, 2008, or http://www.rite.or.jp/English/lab/geological/demonstration.html
[2] Abe M, Saito S, Tanase D, Sawada Y, Hirama Y, Motoyama Y, CCS Large-scale Demonstration in Japan, Proceedings of GHGT-
11, Energy Procedia 37 ( 2013 ) p. 6326– 6334
[3] Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Geological evaluation report of the Tomakomai Area (in Japanese), 2011
[4] Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Basic Plan of CCS demonstration project at the Tomakomai Area (in Japanese), 2011
[5] Tanase D, Sasaki T, Yoshii T, Motohashi S, Sawada Y, Aramaki S, Yamanouchi Y, Tanaka T, Ohkawa S, Inowaki R, Tomakomai
CCS Demonstration Project in Japan, Proceedings of GHGT-11, Energy Procedia 37 ( 2013 ) p. 6571 – 6578
[6] Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), http://www.rite.or.jp/English/lab/geological/survey.html
[7] Yutaka Tanaka, Masanori Abe, Yoshihiro Sawada, Daiji Tanase, Toshikazu Ito, Tetsuo Kasukawa, Tomakomai CCS Demonstration
Project in Japan, 2014 Update, Proceedings of GHGT-12, Energy Procedia 63 ( 2014 ) p. 6111 – 6119
[8] Global CCS Institute, The Global Status of CCS 2015 Vol. 2 p.8
top related