analoge1
TRANSCRIPT
OPAMPS
V 21 5 V d c
0
U 1
u A 7 4 1
3
2
74
6
1
5+
-
V+
V-
O U T
O S 1
O S 2
V 11 5 V d c
U 27 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
U n
U p
Eigenschappen van een opamp
LM741 LM324 LF356 OPA111
Ao 200000 100000 200000 1000000
Ri 2M 1T
Ro 75E 100E
B 1,5 MHz 1MHz 2,5MHz 2MHz
slew-rate 0,5V/µs 0,3V/µs 12V/µs 2V/µs
CMRR 90dB 85dB 100dB 106dB
Io 25mA 40mA 10mA
Inverterende versterker
R 0
U i
R 1
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
- U o
S
0
I0
I1
U i
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
R 1
R 0
R = R 0 / / R 1
S
- U o
0
R 0
R 1
R L
R p
0
U o
U iR 0
R 1
R L
0
U i U o
R pU 4
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
U 5
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 0
R 1
R 4
0
U i
U o
R pU 5
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
C
R L
Niet-inverterende versterker
R 0
R 1
U oU i
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
0
0 I0
I1
Niet-inverterende versterker (Ri beperken)
U o
0
U i
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U TR a
R 1
R b
0
R 0
U 17 4 1
-2
+3
O U T6
R 1R 0
R 2R p
0
0
U o
U i
Spanningsvolger
0
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
U oU i
Inverterende somversterker
U i 2
- U o
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
R 1
S
0
R 0 2
U i 1
U i 3
R 0 1
R 0 3
I01
I02
I03
I1
Verschilversterker
R 1 '
U i 2
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
U i 1
0
U oR 0 '
R 1
R 0
Verschilversterker
U 2
U o
R 1
1 0 k
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U TR 0 1 '
1 0 k R 1 '4 k 7
R 0 1
1 0 k
U 3
R 0 2
1 0 k
U 1
0
Verschilversterker
U 1
R 0 2 '
1 0 k R 1 '1 0 k
U 4
U o
U 2
0
U 3
R 0 2
1 0 k
R 0 1
1 0 k
R 0 1 '
1 0 k
R 1
1 0 k
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
U o
0
U 1
U 2
U 17 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
R 1 '
R 1
R 0 1
R 0 1 '
Instrumentatieversterker
0
U i 2
U i 1
U o
U o '
R 25 k
R 1
2 0 k
R 3
2 0 k
R 0 1
2 5 k
R 0 1 '
2 5 k
R 1
2 5 k
R 1 '2 5 k
U 27 4 1+
-
O U T
U 3
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
U 17 4 1
+
-
O U T
Spanning-stroom versterker
U 1
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
R L
R t
0
I o
U i
U t
Stroom-spanning versterker
U 1
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 1
R s
0
I s
I sU o
Brugversterker
E
R 3
A
M 1
M E T E R A
R 2R 1 C
D
R 4
0
U o
I
I
I
U 1
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 0
R 1
R 0 '
R 1 'U
Inverterende nuldoorgangsdetector
U oU i
Z 2
3 V
Z 1
6 V 2
U r e f = 0 VR 2
R 1
R 3
0
U 37 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
- 8
i d e a l e t r a n s f e r k a r a k t e r i s t i e k
1 2
6 V 8
U o ( V )
4
U i ( m V )
- 3 V 6
- 1 2
- 4
+ U s a t
8
- U s a t
Ui(m V)
Uo(V)
t
t
2
4
6
-20
20
-2
-4
+6,8V
-3,6V
Niet-inverterende nuldoorgangsdetector
Z 2
3 V
U i
U r e f = 0 V
U 37 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
0
U o
Z 1
6 V 2
R 3
R 2
R 1
U i ( m V )
4
- 1 2
- 4
6 V 8
- 3 V 6
- U s a t
8
1 2
- 8
U o ( V )
+ U s a t
Inverterende niveaudetector
U i
0
R 2
R 3
U oZ 2
3 V
U r e f
R 1
Z 1
6 V 2
U 37 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
+ U s a t
- 8
- 3 V 6
- 1 2
U o ( V )
4
U r e fU i ( m V )
U r e f = p o s i t i e f
- 4
8
- U s a t
1 2
6 V 8
U o ( V )
U r e f = n e g a t i e f
U i ( m V )
6 V 8
- 8
- 1 2 - U s a t
- 4
U r e f
1 2
- 3 V 6
4
+ U s a t
8
Inverterende niveaudetector
Ui(m V)
Uo(V)
t
t
2
4
6
-100
100
-2
-4
+6,8V
-3,6V
Niet-inverterende niveaudetector
U i
0
R 2
R 3
U oZ 2
3 V
U r e f
R 1
Z 1
6 V 2
U 37 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
- 3 V 6
U r e f4
U r e f
1 2
- 4
+ U s a t
6 V 88
U o ( V )
- 1 2
U i ( m V )
- U s a t
- 8
Venstercomparator
U 1 A
L M 3 2 4
1
3
2
411
O U T
+
-
V+
V-
U r e f / U P ( + 1 0 V )
R 1
8 k 2U i
U 1 B
L M 3 2 4
7
5
6
411
O U T
+
-
V+
V-
U r e f / D O W N ( - 1 0 V )
R 3
1 8 0 E
R 2
4 7 0 E
D 1
D 1 N 9 1 4
0
D 2
D 1 N 9 1 4
T 1
B C 5 4 7
V 1
L E D
U b = + 5 V
Schmitt-trigger
Inverterende Schmitt-trigger
U oR 2
U 1
R 1
U 2
U i
R 3
0
U 27 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
U t -
- U s a t
8
- 8
1 2
U 1 ( V )
+ U s a t
U o ( V )
- 1 2
4
U t +
- 4
t
Uo(V)
t
U1(V)
Ut-
Ut+
+Usat
-Usat
Niet-inverterende Schmitt-trigger
R 2
U 1
U 27 4 1
2
3
6
-
+
O U T
0
R 1
U oU i
R 3U 2 U t -
- U s a t
8
- 8
1 2
U 1 ( V )
+ U s a t
U o ( V )
- 1 2
4
U t +
- 4
t
Uo(V)
t
U1(V)
Ut-
Ut+
+Usat
-Usat
Integrator
R 0
1 0 k
U 17 4 12
3
6
-
+
O U T
U o
U 1
R 2
0
C
1 µ
1 0
t ( m s )
U 1 ( V )
2 0
- U s a t
1 0
1 20
2 0U o
0
3 0
3 0
t ( m s )
Differentiator
0
R 1
1 0 k
U 1
U o
R 2
U 17 4 12
3
6
-
+
O U T
C
1 µ
t(m s)
U1(V)
t(m s)
Uo10954 14 15
10954
1
-2,5V
+10V
Actieve filter LDF 1ste orde
U i
R
1 k
U o
U 1
7 4 12
3
6
-
+
O U T
0
R 1
1 k
C 21 5 0 n
Actieve filter HDF 1 ste orde
0
U i
R 1
1 k
C 1
1 5 0 n
U o
U 1
7 4 12
3
6
-
+
O U TR1 k
Actieve filters 2 de orde
U i
R 1
1 k
R 1
1 k
0
U o
0
C 21 5 0 n
R
1 k C 21 5 0 n
U 1
7 4 12
3
6
-
+
O U T
R
1 k
U 1
7 4 12
3
6
-
+
O U T
VCVS-filters
U 1
+
-
O U T
R 1
R 0
0
RC-netwerkU i
U o
0
11R
RAK +==
0
12R
R−=α
Butterworth filter
* vlakke doorlaatkarakteristiek
* gemiddelde dempingsfactor α
* fasekarakteristiek is niet lineair
Chebyshev filter
* doorlaatkarakteristiek daalt sterker dan bij Butterworth
* dempingsfactor is klein (onderkritisch gedempt)
* minder lineaire fasekarakteristiek dan bij Butterworth
Besselfilter
* lineaire fasekarakteristiek
* grote dempingsfactor (bovenkritisch gedempt)
* doorlaatkarakteristiek minder steil
VCVS-filter 1ste orde
U 17 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 1 1
1 k
R 1
9 k
R 01 k
C 1 11 5 9 n F
V 11 V a c0 V d c
0
U o
VCVS-filter 2de orde
U 27 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 2 1
1 k
R 1
5 8 6 E
R 01 k
C 1 11 5 9 n F
V 21 V a c0 V d c
0
R 1 1
1 k
C 2 1
1 5 9 n F
U o
Filters van hogere orde
Orde Verzwakking
dB/decade
1ste trap 2de trap 3de trap TotaleA=K
polen
α K polen α K Polen α K
1 20 1 Onb. A A
2 40 2 1,414
1,586
1,586
3 60 1 Onb. A 2 1 2 2.A
4 80 2 1,848
1,152
2 0,765 2,235 2,575
5 100 1 Onb. A 2 1,618 1,382 2 0,618 2,382 3,292.A
6 120 2 1,932
1,068
2 1,414 1,586 2 0,518 2,482 4,204
U 17 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 2 1
3 k 1 8
R 1
1 k
R 01 k
C 1 11 0 n F
V 31 V a c0 V d c
0
R 1 1
3 k 1 8
C 2 1
1 0 n F
U 27 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 1 2
3 k 1 8
R 1 '
4 k
R 0 '1 k
C 1 21 0 n F
U o
3de orde LDF
U 57 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 1 ' '
5 k
R 0 ' '1 k
0
C 1 3
1 0 n F
R 1 33 K 9 7 5
U o
U 37 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 1
3 9 0 E
R 01 k
V 41 V a c0 V d c
0
C 1 1
1 0 n F
C 2 1
1 0 n F
R 1 1
3 k 9 7 5
R 2 13 K 9 7 5
U 47 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 1 '
1 k 3 8 2
R 0 '1 k
C 1 2
1 0 n F
C 2 2
1 0 n F
R 1 2
3 k 9 7 5
R 2 23 K 9 7 5
5de orde HDF
Banddoorlaatfilters
R 2 2
1 k
C 2 1
0 , 0 4 µ F
C 1 20 , 0 4 µ F
U 17 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 1
5 8 6 E
R 1 1
1 k
R 2 11 k
R 01 k
C 2 1
0 , 4 µ FU i
0
C 1 1
0 , 4 µ F
U 27 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 1 '
5 8 6 E
R 1 2
1 k
R 0 '1 k
U o
0
U 17 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 1
2 k 7 7
R
3 k 7 5
R
3 k 7 5
R3 k 7 5
R 01 k
C
1 n
C1 n
U o
U i
0
Constant K bandfilter
MF Bandfilter
U 1
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
C 1
4 0 n F
C 2
4 0 n F
R 1
1 5 k 9
R 2
3 1 8 k
R 32 0 1 E
U i
U o
0
SV Bandfilter
U o
U i
U 1
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
U 2
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
U 3
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 2
1 0 k
R 1
1 0 k
R 3
1 0 k
R
2 k 4 8
R
2 k 4 8
R a2 3 8 k
R b1 k
C
1 n
C
1 n
00
0
U 17 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 3 k 1 8R 3 k 1 8
R 1
7 5 0 ER 01 k
R / 21 k 5 9
2 C
2 µ F
C
1 µ F
C
1 µ F
0
U iU o
Notch filter
MF Bandsperfilter
U o
U 1
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
C 1
4 0 n F
C 2
4 0 n F
R 1
1 5 k 9
R 2
3 1 k 8
R 32 0 1 E
U i
0
U 2
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 6
2 0 k
R 5
1 0 k
R 4
1 0 k
U i
U 1
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
U 2
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
U 3
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 2
1 0 k
R 1
1 0 k
R 3
1 0 k
R
2 k 4 8
R
2 k 4 8
R a2 3 8 k
R b1 k
C
1 n
C
1 n
0
0
0
R 4
1 0 k
R 5
1 0 k
R 6
1 0 k
U 4
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
U o
SV Bandsperfilter
Oscillatoren
A+
B
U1Ui
Ut
Uo
A.B < 1
A.B > 1
A.B = 1
U 1
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
C
5 0 0 n F
C
5 0 0 n F
C
5 0 0 n F
R 0
1 k
R 1
2 9 k
R1 k
R1 k
0
U o
Oscillator met RC faseverschuivend netwerk
U 1
7 4 1
+
-
O U T
R 02 k
R2 0 k
R2 0 k
D 1 D 2
C1 0 n F
C
1 0 n F
0
U o
R 1
4 k 7 o f R / 1 0 k / 4 2 %
Wienbrug oscillator
VCO
R 7 3 6 k
Q 1
B F 2 4 5 A
D 1
D 1 N 4 1 4 8
C 1
2 2 0 p F
0
V 11 5 V
V 21 5 V
U 2
O P A 6 0 2 / B B
+3
-2
V+
7V
-4
O U T6
T 25
T 11
R 1 0
2 k 2
R 9
2 k 2
R 51 M
U 1
O P A 6 0 2 / B B
+3
-2
V+
7V
-4
O U T6
T 25
T 11
R 2
3 9 k
R 1
3 9 k
R 3
5 6 k
R 42 7 k
R 6
1 0 k
R 81 5 k
S W 1
U o b l o k
U o d r i e h o e k
U i
o f z a a g t a n d
U 1
4 0 4 6
C I N3
V C O U T4
S I N1 4
C X6
C X7
I N H5
R 11 1
R 21 2
P P1
P 12
P 21 3
V C O I N9
D E M O1 0
Z E N1 5
C 21 0 0 n F
0
R 11 5 k
B T 19 V
D 1D 1 N 4 1 4 8
S 1
m e e t p e n 1
m e e t p e n 2
R 2
1 k
C 11 0 µ F / 1 6 V
0B Z 1 B U Z Z E R
B Z X 8 4 C 1 2 V / 1 W 3D 2
0
B Z X 8 4 C 1 2 V / 1 W 3
D 3P 1
1 0 k8
1 6