ASPECTS OF CONNECTED SPEECH

Presented by:Presented by:

Azni ZulaikhaAzni Zulaikha

Intan SyamimiIntan Syamimi

Nur AimiNur Aimi

Nur SyazaNur Syaza

ELISION- CONTRACTION

Contraction is shortening of a word.

Examples:

‘had’ ‘would’: spelt ‘d

- I + had = I’d - / / aıd //

- I + would = I’d - / - I + would = I’d - / aıd //

‘have’: spelt ‘ve 

- I + have = I’ve / aıv /

are : spelt ‘re , pronounced ə after vowels, usually with some change in the proceeding vowel.

-eg:

- ‘you’ / ju: / + are = you’re / jʊə / or / jɔː /

Contractions ‘are’ is also pronounced as /ə/ or /ər/ when following consonants.

-Example:

they + are = they’re / ðeə /

‘not’ : spelt n’t

-Example:

could + not = couldn’t / kʊdnt /

LINKING

LIAISON

Smooth linking or joining together of words in

connected speech

LINKING /r/

Linking / r /-Phoneme / r / is not pronounce in syllable-final position.-But when a word spell with final r and a word beginning with a vowel follows, the usual pronunciation is to pronounce with / r /

Linking /r/

• In the words far and four, the r-sounds suggested by the spelling are not normally pronounced

• The r-sounds are pronounced only when followed by words beginning with a vowel as in the sequences :

• far away /fɑr əˈweɪ/

• four eggs /fɔr ɛgz/

OTHER EXAMPLES OF LINKING /r/

Here - /hɪə/

Four - /fɔː/

Here are - /hɪər ə /Here are - /hɪər ə /

Four eggs - /fɔːr eɡz/Four eggs - /fɔːr eɡz/

Care - /keə/ Care about – /keər əbaʊt/Care about – /keər əbaʊt/

Intrusive /r/• BBC speakers often join the words with the letter

‘r’ even when it does not occur in the written form.

• This sound is just inserted and pronounced by the speaker.

• It appears between two words when the first word ends with /ə/ or /ɔː/.

Examples : -Formula A - /fɔːmjələr eɪ/-Media event - /miːdiər ɪˈvent/

INTRUSIVE /w/

• The intrusive /w/ sound occur when face a ‘vowel-vowel’ word junction.

• The lesser of two evils – / tuːw iːvl/

• You are - /ju: wa:/

• Go off - /gəʊ wɒf/

INTRUSIVE /j/

• When the word before also ends with a vowel sound, then /j/ sound is added between the two words.

• Example :

i) That was me on the phone./miːjɒn/

ii)The boy ate all his dinner. /bɔɪj eɪt/

iii)She must be out. /biːj aʊt/

JUNCTURE

• “Intrusive r” and other forms of linking are related to the linguistic phenomenon of juncture.

• Juncture is defined as the relationship between one sound and the sounds that immediately precede and follow it.

INTERNAL JUNCTURE

• Identify a type of juncture that occurs within a phrase.

• 2 types of internal juncture

INTERNAL CLOSE JUNCTURE

• The normal transition from one phoneme to the next within an utterance.

• Example : TRAIN (the close juncture is determined by the manner of transition /t/ to /r/

INTERNAL OPEN JUNCTURE

• It is a manner of transition which contrast with close juncture. It keeps meaning apart. This is a manner of transition from one phoneme to the next in 2 utterances.

• Examples : A NAME AN AIM

NIGHT RATE NITRATE

DOUBLE BAR JUNCTURE

• This is a terminal juncture that means arise in pitch.

• Example : Are you ok?

a: + ju: + ke:

Single bar juncture

• This is a terminal juncture that is marked by a sustention of the voice. This pause determines a change in the sense or meaning of the expression.

• Example : I can tell Mary ai + kaen + tel meri:

I can tell , Mary a: + kaen + tel | meri:

THANK YOU.