1. MN : PHN CNG MYTNHLEANING BY DOING

2. BI 5: B NH CHNH MAIN MEMORYTng quan v b nhChng loi v thng s k thutChun giao tipChn on v x l s cBi tp tnh hung Logo 3. MC TIU BI HCHiu bit cu to c bn ca b nhGii thch cc kiu b nhThng s k thut, cng ngh ca ROM v RAMPhng php lp t RAMChn on v x l liLogo 4. B nh ROMROM (Read Only Memory - b nh ch c): l loi chp nh c nh (Non-Volatile), thng tin lu tr trong ROM khng b mt khi tt my.Chc nng: dng lu tr cc chng trnh, cc thng s k thut ca cc thitb phc v cho qu trnh qun l, khi ng my tnh nh: BIOS, POST cghi bi nh sn xut. Logo 5. PHN LOI B NH Logo 6. Phn loi b nh ROMPROM (Programmable ROM): l loi chip c lp trnh bng chngtrnh c bit, d liu s khng b mt khi tt my. c lp trnh mtln v d liu trn chip khng th xa.EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM): l loi chip m thng tin lutr c th xa bng tia cc tm (xo ghi bng phn cng).Logo 12 7. Phn loi b nh ROMEEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM) c gi l FlashROM: loi chip nh c ch to bng cng ngh bn dn. Ton bthng tin c th xa bng in v sau ghi li m khng cn ly rakhi my tnh.Logo 8. B Nh RAM RAM (Random Access Memory - b nh truy xut ngu nhin): l thit b khng th thiu trong my tnh. Ni lu tr tm thi cc d liu, chng trnh trong qu trnh hot ng ca my tnh. Chip RAM l loi bin i Logo (Volatile) nn d liu s b mt khi tt my.www.themegallery.comwww.ispace.edu.vn 9. B nh RAMCu to: c kt hp bi nhiu chip nh. Chip nh l mch tch hp (IC) clm t hng triu bng bn dn (transistor) v t in. Mt bng bn dn v mtt in kt hp nhau to thnh t bo nh (Cell).T in thng xuyn mt in nn mch iu khin chip nh cn np li introng mt khong thi gian nht nh, khi mt ngun th thng tin trn chip s bmt.Trong qu trnh hot ng ca my tnh, mi ch th v cc chng trnh phnmm u c np trc tip vo RAM v ch CPU x l.Logo 10. PHN LOI B NH Logo 11. CC THNG S C TRNGDa vo cc c trng c bn ca b nh RAM s cung cp cho chng Da vo cc c trng c bn ca b nh RAM s cung cp cho chngta cc thng tin cn thit cho qu trnh lp rp v nng cp b nh ph ta cc thng tin cn thit cho qu trnh lp rp v nng cp b nh phhp vi nhu cu s dng. Cc thng s ny thng c ghi trn nhn hp vi nhu cu s dng. Cc thng s ny thng c ghi trn nhnca thanh RAM. ca thanh RAM.Dung lng (Memory Capacity): kh nng lu tr thng tin trn chipnh RAM, c tnh bng B/MB/GB. Dung lng ca RAM cng ln thLogoh thng hot ng cng nhanh.Tc (Speed): tn s hot ng ca RAM, tnh theo: tc v bngthng. 512 DDR333 bus 333MHz, dung lng 512MB. 512 PC2700 bng thng khi chy tc 333MHz l 2700MBps (l thuyt). 12. Cch tnh bng thng RAMCch tnh bng thng b nh RAM :Bandwidth = Bus speed x Bus width x ChannelV d: tc Bus l 400Mhz, rng ng truyn l 64 bit.Single Channel: BW = 400 x 64 / 8 x 1 = 3200MBps (PC3200).Dual Channel: BW = 400 x 64 / 8 x 2 = 6400MBps Logo 13. Cc chng loi SDR-SDRAM Tc TcChu Tc ChngBngxung inS chn n giao rng truynloi`Thng nhp th (pin) Bustip (Byte) (MB/s) (Mhz)(Mhz)Logo PC 66 66 66533 SDR PCSDRADIMM 1003.38168 100 800 100M PC 333133 1.066 133 14. Cc chng loi b nh RAMChu Tc STc Tc Chng nBngin xung rng chnBustruynloigiao Thng th nhp (Byte) (pin) (Mhz)(MB/s)tip (Mhz) PC 1600 100 2001.600 PC 2100 133 2662.133DDRAM DIMM 2.5Logo 8 184 PC 2700 166 3332.667 PC 3200 200 4003.200 PC 4300 266 5334.266DDRAMDIMM PC 5400 333 1.8 8 240 6675.333II PC 6400 400 8006.400 PC 8500 533 1066 8.500DDRAMDIMM PC1.5 8 240III667 1333 10.670 10600 15. Phn loi b nh RAMSRAM: (Static RAM-RAM tnh), l dngchip nh c tc hot ng nhanh t10 ns n 20 ns.SRAM c s dngLogocho b nh mcache trong CPUnh: cache L1, cacheL2, cache L3. 16. Phn loi b nh RAMDRAM: (Dynamic RAM-RAM ng), l dng chip nh c s dng lm b nhchnh cho hu ht cc my tnh hin nay. Tc truy xut chm hn SRAM,ch khong t 60ns n 80ns. C 2 loi chnh: SDRAM (Vit tt t Synchronous Dynamic RAM) c gi l DRAM ng b. SDRAM gm 3 phn loi: SDR, DDR, DDR2 v DDR3Logo RDRAM (Vit tt t Rambus Dynamic RAM), thng c gii chuyn mn gi tt l Rambus". y l mt loi DRAM c thit k k thut hon ton mi so vi k thut SDRAM. RDRAM hot ng ng b theo mt h thng lp v truyn d liu theo mt hng.www.themegallery.comwww.ispace.edu.vn 17. Cc chng loi b nh RAMSDR SDRAM (Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM): c tc bus t 66/100/133/150MHz, tng s pin l 168, vi rng bus l 64 bit,in p l 3.3V v giao tip theo dng Modules DIMM.Logo 18. Cc chng loi b nh SDRAM Logo SDR-SDRAM 144pin SODIMMSDR-SDRAM 168pin DIMM 19. Cc chng loi b nh RAMDDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM): Truynti 2 ln trong mt chu k b nh. C tc bus 200/266/333/400/MHz,64 bit d liu, tng s pin l 184, in p l 2.5V. Chun giao tip lModules DIMM.Logo DDR-SDRAM 200pin SODIMMDDR-SDRAM 184pin DIMM 20. Cc chng loi b nh RAMDDR II SDRAM (Double Data Rate II Synchronous Dynamic RAM): phttrin sau ny c tc bus kh ln 400/533/667/800/1066MHz, s bit dliu l 64 bit, tng s pin l 240, in p l 1.8V. Chun giao tip lModules DIMM.DDR2-SDRAM 200pin SODIMMLogo DDR2-SDRAM 240pin DIMM 21. Cc chng loi b nh RAM Logo 22. Cc chng loi b nh RAMDDR III SDRAM (Double Data Rate III Synchronous Dynamic RAM): ctc bus 800/1066/1333/1600 Mhz, s bit d liu l 64, in th l1.5v, tng s pin l 240.LogoDDR3-SDRAM 204pin SODIMM DDR2-SDRAM (trn) v DDR3-SDRAM (di) 23. RDRAMRDRAM (Vit tt t Rambus Dynamic RAM), thng c gii chuyn mngi tt l Rambus". y l mt loi DRAM c thit k k thut hon tonmi so vi k thut SDRAM. RDRAM hot ng ng b theo mt h thnglp v truyn d liu theo mt hng.Mt knh b nh RDRAM c th h tr n 32 chip DRAM. Mi chip c ghpni tun t trn mt module gi l RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module) nhngvic truyn d liu c thc hin gia cc mch iu khin v tng chip ringbit ch khng truyn gia cc chip vi nhau. LogoBus b nh RDRAM l ng dn lin tc i qua cc chip v module trn bus,mi module c cc chn vo v ra trn cc u i din. Do , nu cc khe cmkhng cha RIMM s phi gn mt module lin tc m bo ng truync ni lin. Tc Rambus t t 400-800MHz 24. Cc chng loi b nh RAMRDRAM (Rambus DRAM): c bus 600/700/800/1066Mhz, in p 2.5v,s bit d liu 64, s pin 184, chun giao tip Modules RIMM. Loi RAMny ch yu dng trong nhng my cao cp.Rambus c hai loiR DRAM: 16-bit, gm PC-600, PC-800, PC-1066 c 184 chn 32-bit, gm PC-3200, PC-4200 c 232 chn. Logo 25. 16Bit RDRAM CRIMM 184 pin Logo 26. 32bit RDRAM CTRIMM 232pinLogo 27. Cc chng loi b nh RAM Logo 28. Cng ngh Dual ChannelCng ngh Dual Channel: k thut RAM knh i (tng ngtruyn bng thng gp 2 ln - m rng rng bus d liu t 64bitln 128bit) tng tc truy xut d liu trn RAM.Khi ng dng k thut Dual Channel cn c nhng yu cu sau:mainboard & chipset h tr, cc cp thanh RAM phi cng loi,cng hng sn xut & c gn trn cc knh khc nhau. Logo 29. Cng ngh Dual Channel Logo 30. Knh n v knh iLogo 31. THAO TC LP RP B NHK thut thao tc an ton gip hn ch cc s c hng hc c th xy K thut thao tc an ton gip hn ch cc s c hng hc c th xyra trong qu trnh tip xc vi thit b. C nhiu loi RAM khc nhau ra trong qu trnh tip xc vi thit b. C nhiu loi RAM khc nhaunhng cc thao tc u tng t nhau. nhng cc thao tc u tng t nhau.Logo 12 1233 32. THAO TC LP RP B NHLogo 33. THAO TC LP RP B NHLogo 34. THAO TC LP RP B NHLogo 35. THAO TC LP RP B NHLogo 36. THAO TC LP RP B NHLogo 37. CHN ON V X L S C RAM S c Chn onKhc phcOxy ho.Cc im tip xc trn RAM V sinh chn tip xcv slot b oxy ho do dng (gm) & khe cmin v mi trng sau 1 thi (xng thm v bnchi).gian s dng.Chy chip / chn tip Do lp t sai, khng st, Thay th thanh RAMLogoxc.tho lp khi ngun ang hot khc.ng.Li chip nh, mn H mi hn, li k thut, xung Dng phn mm Goldhnh xanh dump. t.Memory, Docmemory,Memtest kimtra.H thng pht ra RAM li, cha gn RAM, Kim tra / thay thting beep lin tc RAM khng tng thchRAM.khi POST. 38. Mn hnh xanh - dumpLogo 39. Chng trnh GoldMemoryLogo 40. Chng trnh Memtest 86Logo 41. BI TP KIM TRAChip nh RAM c 2 dng c bn l?SDR SDRAM c chun giao tip l?RDRAM c chun giao tip l?DDR SDRAM c bao nhiu pin?, in p?DDR 2 SDRAM thng c bus l?SIMM l t vit tt ca cm t?LogoCng ngh Dual Channel c tch hp trn?Trn Modules RAM c ghi PC2 5400 bus hiu dng?, 42. TNG KT BI HCROM & RAM l b nh chnh (b nh trong) ca my tnh thuckhi b nh.ROM l b nh ch c, khng mt thng tin khi mt in. ROMcha chng trnh BIOS, c trn mainboard & cc thit b ngoi vi.RAM l b nh truy xut ngu nhin, lu tr d liu tm thi, khimt in th d liu trn RAM s mt. C 2 dng: SRAM & DRAM.LogoCc thng s RAM: dung lng, bus, in th, chng loi, bngthngCc s c thng gp: h chip, g st, li chip nh, chy chip, oxyho... 43. HI VPLEANING BY DOING