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BapJw

C¥y≥ ̀ cWLS\ A\pkcn®v tI{μ [\Imcy IΩnj≥, tI{μ

k¿°mcns‚ \nIpXnIfpsS Hcp hnlnXhpw, {Km‚pIfpw kwÿm\

ßƒ°pw, kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj≥, kwÿm\ \nIpXnIfpsS

Hcp hnlnXhpw {Km‚pIfpw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°pw A©p

h¿j°mew \¬Im≥ ip]m¿i sNtø≠ ÿm]\ßfmWv.

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS [\ÿnXn sa®s∏SpØm\p≈ \n¿t±i

ßƒ \¬tI≠ NpaXebpw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj\mWv.

\ΩpsS s^Ud¬ kwhn[m\Øn¬ tI{μ kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩn

j\pIƒ°v kp{][m\amb ]¶mWv D≈Xv.

A©mw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj\n¬ tUm. _n.F. {]Imiv

A[y£\pw, {io. sPbnwkv h¿Kokv, tUm. hn. sI. t__n F∂nh¿

AwKßfpambncp∂p. IΩnj≥ {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v \¬

tI≠ hnlnXw ip]m¿i sNbvXpsIm≠p≈ H∂mw `mK dnt∏m¿´v

2015 Unkw_dnepw, a‰v Imcyßƒ°p≈ ip]m¿iIƒ ASßnb

dnt∏m¿ v́ 2016 am¿®nepw kwÿm\ Kh¿W¿°v ka¿∏n®p. IΩnjs‚

ip]m¿ib\pkcn®v \nIpXnhnlnXw \¬tI≠Xv 2016˛17 apX¬

2020˛21 hscbmWv.

IΩnj≥ \¬Inb Hmtcm ip]¿ibn≥taepw k¿°m¿ kzoIcn®

\S]SnIƒ hniZoIcnbv°p∂ B£≥ tS°¨ dnt∏m¿´v \nba

k`bn¬ hbv°Wsa∂v ̀ cWLS\ A\pimkn°p∂p. F∂m¬ Cu

dnt∏m¿´v \nbak`bn¬ h®Xv 2018 s^{_phcn 7 \mWv. X∑qew

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿iIƒ c≠v h¿jw \S∏m°nbn√. CXpaqew tIcf

Ønse 1200 {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v (941 {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ,

152 tªm°v ]©mbØpIƒ, 14 Pn√m ]©mbØpIƒ, 87 ap\nkn

∏men‰nIƒ, 6 tIm¿∏tdj\pIƒ) [\Imcy IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i A\p

kcn®v e`nt°≠ \nIpXn hnlnXhpw a‰p {Km≥dpIfpw 2016˛17, 2017˛18

F∂o kmºØnI h¿jßfn¬ e`n®n´n√.

2

A©mw kwÿm\ [\-Imcy IΩo-js‚ ip]m¿i-Ifpw ...

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v \¬tI≠ ^≠ns\ Ipdn®p≈

A©mw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnjs‚ ip]m¿iIƒ s]mXphn¬

kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ \nckn®p. (1). 2016 -̨17 ¬ kwÿm\ k¿°mcns‚

samØw X\Xp \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚ 20 iXam\amWv {]mtZinI

k¿°mcpIƒ°v ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≈Xv. XpS¿∂p≈ Hmtcm h¿j

hpw Hmtcm iXam\w hoXw h¿≤n∏n®v 2020˛21 ¬ CXv 24 iXam\

am°pw. Cu ip]m¿i \nckn®p. (2) tI{μ [\Imcy IΩnjs‚

amXrIbn¬, AXmXp h¿jsØ X\Xp \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚

ASnÿm\Øn¬ {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS hnlnXw \¬IWsa∂

ip]m¿ibpw \nckn®p. c≠v h¿jw ap≥]p≈ \nIpXn hcpam\

Øns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ \¬Inbm¬ aXnsb∂v Xocpam\n®p.(3).

hm¿jnI ]≤Xnbv°v th≠n kwÿm\ \nIpXnhnlnXØns‚ 11

apX¬ 14.5 iXam\w \¬IWsa∂ ip]m¿ibpw \nckn®p. kwÿm\

]≤XnbpsS Hcp hnlnXw \¬Inbm¬ aXnsb∂pw Xocpam\n®p. (4).

kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ \¬Ip∂ ]≤Xn ^≠n¬ tI{μ [\Imcy

IΩnj≥ {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v knhnIv k¿hokpIƒ

\SØm≥ th≠n \¬Ip∂ {Km≥dv Hgn®v \¬IWw F∂ ip]m¿ibpw

kzoIcn®n√. {]tXyI BhiyØn\p \¬Ip∂ Cu {Km≥dpw

]≤XnbpsS `mKam°n hm¿jnI ]≤Xnbn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWsa∂pw

]dbp∂Xv bp‡n°v \nc°p∂X√. (5). Hmtcm {]mtZinI k¿°m

cn\pw Hmtcm h¿jhpw IΩnjs‚ ip]m¿i A\pkcn®v e`nt°≠

XpI ap≥Iq´n IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøWsa∂p {]mtZinI k¿°m

cpIƒ IΩnjt\mSv Bhiys∏´ncp∂p. AØcØnep≈ ip]m¿ibpw

\nckn®p. X∑qew Xßƒ°v ASpØ h¿jw F{X XpI e`n°p

sa∂Xv A\n›nXXzØnembn. (6). bYm¿∞ BkvXnIfpsS (tdmUv,

t\m¨˛tdmUv) ASnÿm\Øn¬ sabn‚\≥kv ̂ ≠v \¬IWsa∂

ip]m¿ibpw \nckn®p. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS IpØgn™p

InS°p∂ BkvXn cPnÃ¿ kwhn[m\w IrXyam°p∂Xn\pw,

hy‡amb am\ZfißfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ \¬Ip∂Xn\pamWv

ip]m¿i sNbvXXv. CXn\p ]Icw DulIW°ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬

]Ww \¬IWsa∂ \ne]mSnemWv k¿°m¿.

k¿°mcns‚ Cu \S]Sn aqew IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvX

Xnt\°mƒ Ipd™ XpIbmWv kwÿm\sØ {]mtZinI k¿°m

cpIƒ°v aq∂p h¿jw _P‰v hnlnXambn e`n®Xv. 2016˛17 ¬

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXXv 9687 tImSn cq]bpw, _P‰v hnlnXambn

3

_n.-F. {]Imiv

\¬InbXv 8671 tImSn cq]bpamWv (10 iXam\w Ipdhv). 2017˛18 ¬

IΩnj≥ 11363 tImSn cq] ip]m¿i sNbvX ÿm\Øv _P‰v

hnlnXambn \¬InbXv 9775 tImSn cq]bmWv (14 iXam\w Ipdhv).

2018˛19 ¬ 13304 tImSn cq] ip]m¿i sNbvX ÿm\Øv k¿°m¿

_P‰v hnlnXambn \¬InbXv 10771 tImSn cq]bmWv (19 iXam\w

Ipdhv). F∂m¬ IΩnjs‚ \nIpXn hcpam\w h¿≤n∏nbv°m\pw,

hm¿jnI ]≤Xn sa®am°m\pw, a‰n\ßfnepap≈ ip]m¿iIfn¬

`qcn`mKhpw AwKoIcn®n´p≠v. F∂m¬ Ch F{XtØmfw \S

∏nem°psa∂Xv ImØncp∂v ImtW≠ ImcyamWv.

IΩnjs‚ ip]m¿iIƒ c≠v h¿jw \S∏nem°mØ \S]Snbpw,

\nIpXn hn`P\ ip]m¿iIƒ \nckn® \S]Snbpw hfsc Kuchamb

]e {]iv\ßfnte°pw hnc¬ Nq≠p∂p. (1). `cWLS\m ÿm]\

amb A©mw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnjs‚ ip]m¿iIƒ c≠v

h¿jw \S∏nem°nbn√ (2016-˛17, 2017˛-18). X∑qew 1200 {]mtZinI

k¿°mcpIƒ°v `cWLS\m{]Imcw Ah¿°v AhImis∏´

\nIpXnhnlnXw \ntj[n°s∏´p. (2). IΩnjs‚ \nIpXn hn`P\

am\Zfißƒ s]mXphn¬ k¿°m¿ \ncmIcn®p. {]mtZinI k¿°m

cpIfpsS sa®amb `cW \n¿hlWw, ssIam‰w sNøs∏´ BkvXn

IfpsS kwc£Ww, {]mtZinI hnIk\ ]≤XnIfpsS \SØn∏v

F∂nhbv°v IΩnj≥ IrXyamb am\ZfißfpsS ASnÿm\

ØnemWv ip]m¿i \¬InbXv. CXpw Ańadnbv°s∏´p. (3). `cW

LS\ A\pkcn®v kr„n°s∏´ sÛd¬ [\Imcy kwhn[m\w

Ańadnbv°s∏ńcnbv°p∂p. kwÿm\ k¿°mcpIƒ kwÿm\

[\Imcy IΩnj≥ ip]m¿iIƒ \S∏nem°mØXpw, tI{μ k¿°m¿

tI{μ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ ip]m¿iIƒ \S∏nem°mØXpamb

ÿnXn \ΩpsS sÛd¬ kwhn[m\sØ kmºØnI AcmPIXz

Ønte°v \bn°p∂ \S]SnbmWv. (4). [\Imcy IΩnj≥ [\hntI

{μoIcW {]{InbbpsS BWn°√mWv. Cu \S]Sn tIcfØnse

hntI{μoIcW {]{Inb Ańadn°pIbpw, kmºØnI tI{μoIcW

Ønte°pw \bn® \S]SnbmWv. (5). hntI{μoIcW {]{Inbbnepw

kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ ip]m¿iIƒ \SØp∂Xnepw a‰v

kwÿm\ßtf°mƒ ap≥]¥nbn¬ \n∂ tIcfw Cu \S]SnbneqsS

_lpZqcw ]nt∂m´v t]mbncnbv°p∂p. hntI{μoIcW Ncn{XØnse

Hcp IdpØ A[ymbambn CXns\ ImWmw (6). [\Imcy IΩnjs\

\ncmIcn® \S]Sn kwÿm\ k¿°mcns‚ G‰hpw henb

4


IrXyhntem]w AYhm ̀ cW hogvNbmbn ImWmw. CXn\v Hcp \ymbo

IcWhpw ]dbm≥ Ignbn√. CØcØnep≈ Xp•°v tamU¬

\S]SnIƒ kwÿm\sØ ]nt∂m´v \bn® Ncn{Xta \ΩpsS ap∂n

ep≈q.

k¿°m¿ A©mw [\Imcy IΩnj≥ dnt∏m¿´n\v th≠{X

]cnKW\ \¬Inbns√¶nepw Cu dnt∏m¿´v tIcfØnse A[nImc

hntI{μoIcWsØbpw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS {]h¿Ø\

ßsfbpw, [\ÿnXnsbbpw, ]≤Xn {]h¿Ø\ßsfbpw, [\Imcy

hnjbßsfbpw ]cntim[n°p∂ Kuchamb ]T\amWv. kwÿm\

sØ 139 {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpambn t\cn´v N¿® \SØn, Ah¿

D∂bn°p∂ Bhiyßfpw {]iv\ßfpw ]cntim[n®pw, kwÿm\

sØ 1200 {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfn¬ \n∂pw hniZamb ÿnXn hnhc

IW°pIƒ tiJcn®pamWv Cu dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°nbncnbv°p∂Xv.

]Xn\©p A[ymbßfp≈ Cu dnt∏m¿ v́ (c≠p ̀ mKw) Xmsg ]dbp∂

Imcyßƒ N¿® sNøp∂p. ap≥ [\Imcy IΩnjs‚ ip]m¿iIfpsS

AhtemI\w, kwÿm\ k¿°mcns‚ [\ÿnXnsb Ipdn®p≈

AhtemI\w, {XnXe ]©mbØpIfpsS [\ÿnXn, [\LS\

F∂nhsb°pdn®p≈ N¿®, ap\nkn∏men‰nIfpsSbpw, ap\nkn∏¬

tIm¿∏tdj\pIfpsSbpw [\ÿnXn, X\Xv \nIpXn, \nIpXntbXc

C\ßfpsS kamlcWw, BkvXnIfpsS sabn‚\≥kv, 14˛mw tI{μ

\ImcyIΩnj\pw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpw, kwÿm\ \nIpXn

hcpam\Øns‚ hn\ymkw, [\Imcy a‰v hnjbßƒ, ]≤Xn cq]o

IcWhpw, \SØn∏pw, A[nImc hntI{μoIcW {]{Inb apt∂m´v

sIm≠pt]mIm≥ Bhiyamb \nbaßƒ, \nbamhenIƒ, k¿°m¿

\S]Sn{Iaßƒ F∂nhbn¬ hcptØ≠ am‰ßƒ F∂nhbmWv.

]cºcmKXcoXnbn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvXambn \nIpXn hn`P\Øn\p

Hcp ]pXnb coXn imkv{Xhpw (methodology) AhXcn∏n®n´p≠v.

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS {]h¿Ø\w, A[nImc hntI{μoIcWw

kr„n® {]iv\ßƒ, [\ÿnXn, \nIpXn kamlcWw, ]≤Xn {]h¿

Ø\w, [\hntI{μoIcWw a‰v [\Imcy hnjbßƒ F∂nhsb

Ipdn®v ]Tnbv°m≥ Cu dnt∏m¿´v hfsc klmbIcamIpsa∂v Rm≥

IcpXp∂p.

IhSnbm¿ _n.F.{]Imiv

2018, s^{_phcn 16.

5

_n.-F. {]Imiv

I. kwÿm\Øns‚ X\Xv \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚ hn\ymkw

1. A©mw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ tI{μ [\Imcy IΩn

js‚ coXn A\pkcn®v AXmXv h¿jsØ X\Xv \nIpXn

hcpam\Øns‚ ASnÿm\ØnemWv {]mtZinI k¿°mcp

IfpsS \nIpXn hnlnXw ip]m¿i sNbvXXv. (ip]m¿i

\nckn®p. c≠v h¿jw ap≥]p≈ X\Xv \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚

ASnÿm\Øn¬ \¬Im≥ Xocpam\n®p)

2. Hmtcm {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°pw Hmtcm h¿jhpw Hmtcm

C\Ønepw A©v h¿j°mew e`nbvt°≠ XpI A∏≥Un

I-vkv 10.1 {]Imcw IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXp. (ip]m¿i

\nckn®p)

3. kwÿm\Øns‚ samØw X\Xv \nIpXn hcpam\w/kwÿm\

]≤Xn AS¶ens‚ ASnÿm\ØnemWv ap≥ kwÿm\

[\Imcy IΩnj\pIƒ [\hn\ymkw \SØnbncp∂Xv.

\nIpXn ]ncnbv°p∂Xpambn _‘s∏´ sNehpIƒ Ipd®Xn\v

tijap≈ kwÿm\Øns‚ A‰ X\Xv \nIpXn

hcpam\Øns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ [\hn\ymkw \SØp∂Xn\v

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

4. ]Xn\memw [\Imcy IΩnj≥ knhnIv k¿hokn\v \¬In

bn´p≈ {Km‚ v {]tXyI {Km‚mbn ]cnKWnbv°Wsa∂pw

kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnjs‚ ip]m¿iIƒ°v ]pdta

\¬IWsa∂pw ip]m¿i sNbvXp. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

5. kwc£W ^≠v ssIam‰w sNøs∏´ ÿm]\ßfpsSbpw

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsSbpw tdmUv tdmUnXc BkvXn

A©mw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ H∂mw `mKw dnt∏m¿ v́

(2015 Unkw_¿ 19 \v _lp:tIcf Kh¿W¿°v ka¿∏n®p)

6


IfpsS kwc£WØn\p am{Xambn D]tbmKnt°≠mXmWv

F∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

6. kwÿm\ X\Xv \nIpXn hcpam\w (SOTR) kw_‘n®v

IΩnj≥ \SØnbn´p≈ {]t£]Ww (projection) ASnÿm\

am°n [\hn\ymkw \SØm≥ IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXp.

kwÿm\Øns‚ hm¿jnI A‰ X\Xv hcpam\Øns‚ 20%

hcp∂ XpI Sn (t) ASnÿm\Øn¬ {]mtZinI k¿°mcp

Iƒ°v 2016˛17 ¬ ssIam‰w sNøWsa∂p IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNbvXn´p≠v. XpS¿∂p≈ h¿jßfn¬ CXv Hcp iXam\w

hoXw h¿≤n∏n®v 2020˛21 ¬ 24 iXam\w \¬IWw. (ip]m¿i

\nckn®p)

7. kwÿm\Øns‚ hm¿jnI A‰ \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚ 3.5%

XpI {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v s]mXp Bhiy ̂ ≠mbn Sn

(t) ASnÿm\Øn¬ Ahm¿Uv Imebfhn¬ \¬IWsa∂v

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. Cu XpI IΩnj≥ dnt∏m¿´nse

JfinI 10.35 epw 10.36 epw ]dbp∂ Imcyßƒ°v am{Xta

sNehgn°mhq F∂pw IΩnj≥ \njvI¿jn®n´p≠v. (c≠v

h¿jw ap≥]p≈ kwÿm\ \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚ (t-2)ASnÿm\Øn¬ \¬Im≥ Xocpam\n®p. \nehnep≈ sNe

hn\ßƒ AtX]Sn XpScm\pw k¿°m¿ Xocpam\n®p)

8. kwÿm\Øns‚ hm¿jnI A‰ \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚ 5.5%

XpI {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v kwc£W ^≠mbn Sn (t)ASnÿm\Øn¬ 2016˛17 h¿jw \¬IWsa∂v IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. XpS¿∂p≈ h¿jßfn¬ CXv 6% Bbn

h¿≤n∏n°Ww. JfinI 10.37 ¬ ]d™ncnbv°p∂ Imcy

ßƒ°v am{Xta ^≠v sNehgn°mhq. (t-2 ASnÿm\Øn¬

2016˛17 ¬ 5.5%, 2017˛18 ¬ 5.6%, 2018˛19 ¬ 5.75%, 2019˛20 ¬

5.9%, 2020˛21 ¬ 6% Bbn \¬Im≥ Xocpam\n®p)

9. kwÿm\Øns‚ hm¿jnI A‰ \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚ 11%

XpI hnIk\ ^≠mbn (hm¿jnI ]≤Xn) Sn (t) ASnÿm\

Øn¬ 2016˛17 ¬ {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v ssIam‰w

sNøm≥ IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. AXn\ptijw Sn

\nc°v 2017˛18¬ 11.5% Dw 2018˛19 ¬ 12.5% Dw 2019˛20 ¬ 13.5%

Dw 2020˛21¬ 14.5% Dw Bbn h¿≤n∏n°m\pw IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

7

_n.-F. {]Imiv

sNbvXn´p≠v. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p. kwÿm\ ]≤Xn AS¶

ens‚ hnlnXw \¬Im≥ Xocpam\n®p. 2016˛17 ¬ 23%, 2017˛18

¬ 23.5%, 2018˛19 ¬ 24%, 2019˛20 ¬ 24.5%, 2020˛21 ¬ 25% Bbpw

\¬Im≥ Xocpam\n®p)

10. kmºØnIambn ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂ {Kma]©mbØpIƒ

°mbn hnShv \nIØ¬ ^≠v hnXcWw sNøp∂Xn\pw, {Kma

]©mbØpIƒ°v e`yambn´p≈ s]mXp Bhiy ^≠v

hnlnXØn¬ \n∂pw 50 tImSn cq] CXn\mbn am‰n hbv°p

∂Xn\pw IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. ap≥ h¿jsØ

hnShn\v (t-1) A\p]mXambn´p≈ ̂ ≠v {Kma]©mbØpIƒ

°nSbn¬ hnXcWw sNøWw. (kmºØnIambn ]nt∂m°w

\n¬°p∂ ap\nkn∏men‰nIƒ°pw hnShv \nIØ¬ ^≠n\v

A¿lXbp≠mbncnbv°pw F∂ t`ZKXntbmsS ip]m¿i

AwKoIcn®p.)

11. kwÿm\ X\Xv \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚ AXmXv h¿jßfn

se X\n XpIbpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ IW°p Iq´nb {]Imcw

8599.48 tImSn cq] 2016˛17epw, 2017˛18 ¬ 10105.94 tImSn cq]bpw,

2018˛19 ¬ 11850.44 tImSn cq]bpw, 2019˛20 ¬ 13868.59 tImSn

cq]bpw, 2020˛21 h¿jØn¬ 16201.19 tImSn cq]bpw hnXcWw

sNøm≥ IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. CXn\v ]pdta tI{μ

[\Imcy IΩnj≥ \¬Ip∂ {Km≥dv \¬IWw. (ip]m¿i

\nckn®p)

12. bYm¿∞ \nIpXn hkqem°ens‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ IΩnj≥

{]t£]Ww \SØnbn´p≈ kwÿm\Øns‚ X\Xv \nIpXn

hcpam\Øns‚ samØw XpIbnepw X\n XpIbnepw DNnXamb

am‰ßƒ hcpØmhp∂Xpw G‰°pd®nepIƒ hcpw h¿j

ßfn¬ {IaoIcn°mhp∂XpamWv F∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNbvXn´p≠v. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

13. [\ hn\ymk {]Imcap≈ ^≠pIƒ {]mtZinI k¿°mcpI

fpsS ]ªnIv A°u≠pIfnte°v G{]n¬ amkw apX¬ 12

KUp°fmbn \¬tI≠XmWv. C{]Imcap≈ ssIam‰Øns‚

c≠masØbpw XpS¿∂p≈ KUp°fpw AXn\v ap≥]v \¬In

bn´p≈ XpIbpsS 80% hn\ntbmKn®p F∂v Dd∏v hcpØn

bXn\ptijambncnbv°Ww. hnIk\^≠pIƒ {]mtZinI

8


k¿°mcpIƒ D]tbmKs∏SpØmØ ImcWØm¬ \„s∏SpI

bn√. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p. \nehnep≈ ^≠v ssIam‰

kwhn[m\w XpScpw)

14. JfinI 10.49 ¬ ]cma¿in®n´p≈ am\Zfi{]Imcw s]mXp

Bhiy ̂ ≠ns‚ Xnc›o\ hn\ymkw (horizontal devolution)\SØWsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXncnbv°p∂p.

{Kma]©mbØv, tªm°v ]©mbØv, Pn√ ]©mbØv,

ap\nkn∏men‰nIƒ, ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj\pIƒ

F∂nßs\ Hmtcm {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°p≈ hnlnXw

JfinI 10.49 ¬ (F apX¬ H hsc) ]cma¿in®n´p≈

am\Zfißƒ {]Imcw \n¿hlnt°≠XmWv. (ip]m¿iIƒ

s]mXphn¬ \nckn®p. NneXv t`ZKXntbmsS AwKoIcn®p.)

15. kwc£W ^≠ns‚ Xnc›o\ hn\ymkw \StØ≠Xv

JfinI 10.50 {]Imcap≈ am\Zfißƒ A\pkcn®msW∂v

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. Hmtcm hn`mKØnsebpw

Hmtcm {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsSbpw ^≠v hnXcWw

sNøp∂Xv JfinI 10.50 (F apX¬ kn hsc) ¬

]cma¿in®n´p≈ am\Zfia\pkcn®mbncnb v°Ww.

(kwc£W ̂ ≠v BkvXnIfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ hnXcWw

]mSn√. IΩnjs‚ ip]m¿iIƒ s]mXphn¬ \nckn°p∂p.

\memw [\Imcy IΩnjs‚ ImeØv hnXcWw sNbvXncp∂Xv

t]mse Dul IW°ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ hnXcWw

sNøWw)

16. hnIk\ ̂ ≠ns‚ Xnc›o\ hn\ymkhpw, Fkv.kn.]n. ̂ ≠v,

Sn.Fkv.]n. ̂ ≠v, s]mXp hn`mKw ̂ ≠v F∂nhbpsS hnXcW

hpw JfinI 10.51 ¬ (F apX¬ kn hsc) ]cma¿in®n´p≈

am\Zfia\pkcn®mbncnbv°Wsa∂pw IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿iIƒ AwKoIcn®p)

17. JfinI 10.52 ¬ (F apX¬ Un hsc) ]d™ncnbv°p∂

{]Imcambncnbv°Ww hnIk\^≠nse Fkv. kn. ]n. hnlnX

Øns‚ Xnc›o\ hn\ymkhpw hnXcWhpw \StØ≠

sX∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXp. (t`ZKXnItfmsS AwKo

Icn®p)

9

_n.-F. {]Imiv

18. JfinI 10.53 ¬ (F apX¬ Un hsc) ]d™ncnbv°p∂

{]Imcambncnbv°Ww hnIk\ ^≠nse Sn.Fkv.]n. hnlnX

Øns‚ Xnc›o\ hn\ymkhpw hnXcWhpw \StØ≠sX∂p

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXp. (t`ZKXnItfmsS AwKoIcn®p)

19. ]ńI 10.10 ¬ ]d™ncnbv°p∂ {]Imcambncnbv°Ww

hnIk\ ^≠nse s]mXp hn`mK hnlnXØns‚ Xnc›o\

hn\ymkhpw hnXcWhpw \StØ≠sX∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNbvXp. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

20. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfnte°p≈ ̂ ≠v ssIam‰w kw_‘n®

ê{]Zamb \nco£WØn\v, s]mXp Bhiy ^≠v,

kwc£W ^≠v (tdmUpw, tdmUnXchpw), hnIk\ ^≠v

F∂nßs\bp≈ F√m ̂ ≠v ssIam‰ßfpw 3604 F∂ apJy

io¿jIØn¬ DNnXamb D]io¿jIßƒ aptJ\bmbncn

bv°Ww hnXcWw sNtø≠Xv F∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNbvXncnbv°p∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

21. IΩnj≥ {]t£]Ww sNbvXncnbv°p∂ AXXp h¿jsØ

kwÿm\ X\Xv \nIpXn hcpam\Øn¬ \n∂v ]ńI 4.10 ¬

ImWn®ncnbv°p∂ \nIpXn ]ncnhv kw_‘n® sNehv Ipdhv

sNøptºmƒ e`nbv°p∂ X\Xv \nIpXn hcpam\ambncnbv°pw

ew_amb [\hn\ymkØns‚ (Vertical devolution) ASn

ÿm\w F∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. (ip]m¿ibn¬

XpS¿ \S]SnIƒ Bhiyan√)

II. BkvXnIfpsS kwc£Ww

22. kwÿm\ X\Xv \nIpXn hcpam\Øns‚ 0.28% tdmUnXc

kwc£W ^≠n¬ \n∂pw s]mXp Bhiy^≠nte°v amt‰

≠Xpw ssIam‰w sNøs∏´ ÿm]\ßfpsS F√mhn[

Bh¿Ø\ sNehpIƒ, {]h¿Ø\ sNehpIƒ, acp∂v hmßp

∂Xn\p≈ sNehv apXembh C\n apX¬ s]mXp Bhiy

^≠n¬ \n∂v am{Xw hln°Wsa∂pw IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. (XpS¿ \S]SnIƒ Bhiyan√)

23. tdmUns‚bpw tdmUnXc BkvXnIfpsSbpw ASnÿm\Øn¬

kwc£W ^≠v 78.1:21.9 F∂ A\p]mXØn¬ hn`Pn®p

\¬IWsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (XpS¿ \S]SnIƒ

Bhiyan√)

10


24. s]mcpØt°SpIƒ Hgnhm°p∂Xn\mbn tdmUv, tdmUnXc

BkvXnIfpsS hnhcßƒ IrXyamb CSthfIfn¬ icnbm

tWm F∂v ]cntim[n°pIbpw B\pImenIambn ]cnjvIcn

°pIbpw thWsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i

AwKoIcn®p)

25. kwc£W ^≠v \n›bn°p∂Xv tI{μ s]mXpacmaØv

hIp∏v AwKoIcn® am\Zfißfn¬ BbXn\m¬ kwc£W

tPmenIfpsS KpW\nehmcw Dd∏v hcpØWsa∂v IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. tdmUv A‰Ip‰]Wnbpw, doSmdnwKv tPmen

Ifpw sI´nSßfpsS A‰Ip‰]WnIfpw \SØp∂Xn\p≈

Imebfhv c≠v h¿jambn Db¿ØWsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. (PMGSY {]h¿ØnIƒ°v \n›bn®ncnbv°p∂

coXnbn¬ tdmUv A‰Ip‰]WnIfpw doSmdnwKv tPmenIfpw

A©v h¿jØnsemcnbv°¬ \SØWsa∂ t`ZKXntbmsS

ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

26. ]´nI 8.8 ¬ ]dbp∂ {]Imcw tdmUv, tdmUnXc BkvXnIfpsS

IW°\pkcn®mbncnbv°Ww Hmtcm hn`mKw {]mtZinI k¿

°mcpIƒ°pw A¿lXs∏´ hnlnXw \n›bnt°≠sX∂p

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

III. tI{μ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ {Km‚pIƒ

27. `cWLS\bpsS A\pt—Zw 280 (3) (_n._n.)bnepw (kn) bnepw

A\pimkn°p∂ {]Imcw ]Xn\©maXv tI{μ [\Imcy IΩn

j≥ AXns‚ ip]m¿iIƒ cq]s∏SpØp∂ thfbn¬

kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ ip]m¿iIƒ IqSn A\p

Iqeambn ]cnKWnbv°phm≥ kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ ]Xn\©mw

tI{μ [\Imcy IΩnjt\mSv A`y¿∞n°phm\p≈ \S]Sn

kzoIcn°Wsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. (ip]m¿i

AwKoIcn®p)

28. tI{μ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ ̂ ≠ns‚ ASnÿm\ {Km≥dv s]mXp

Bhiy ^≠v hnXcWw sNøp∂ AtX t^m¿ape {]Imcw

AXmbXv P\kwJybv°v 80% (2011 sk≥kkv {]Imcw)

ÿeØns‚ hnkvXo¿Ww 10%, X\Xv hcpam\Ønep≠mIp∂

Ipdhn\v (Inverse of own Income) 10% {Kma]©mbØv, ap\nkn

∏men‰n, ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj≥ F∂nhbv°v hnXcWw

11

_n.-F. {]Imiv

sNøWsa∂p IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXp. (ip]m¿i \nc

kn®p)

29. tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒpw, tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒpw

{]Imcw \n¿hlnt°≠ ]uctkh\ßfmb IpSnsh≈ hnXc

Ww, ipNoIcWw, Agp°pNm¬ ipNoIcWw, amen\y \n¿Ωm¿

P\w, kmaqly BkvXnIfpsS kwc£Ww, KXmKXw, sXcphv

hnf°pIƒ IØn°¬, a‰v ASnÿm\ kuIcyßƒ apXemb

sNehpIƒ°v t_knIv {Km‚ v D]tbmKn°p∂Xn\p ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. (t`ZKXntbmsS ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

30. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS X\Xv hcpam\w ap≥h¿jtØ

°mƒ IqSpXembncnbv°Wsa∂p \n_‘\ D≈Xn\m¬ ]Xn

\memw [\ImcyIΩnjs‚ s]¿t^m¿a≥kv {Km≥dv e`n

bv°p∂Xnte°mbn {]mtZinIk¿°mcpIfpsS \nIpXn

\nIpXntbXc \nc°pIƒ ASnb¥ncambn ]cnjv°cnbv°W

sa∂v ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i XXzØn¬ AwKoIcn®p)

31. ^≠v ssIam‰w kw_‘n® \nco£Ww kpKamam°p∂Xn

te°mbn t_knIv {Km‚pw s]¿t^m¿a≥kv {Km‚pw 3604 F∂

apJy io¿jIØn¬ DNnXamb D]io¿jIßƒ hgn hnXc

Ww sNøWsa∂p IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿iIƒ

AwKoIcn®p)

IV. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS X\Xp hn`hkamlcWw

hkvXp\nIpXn

32. tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒnepw tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒn

epw ]dbpw {]Imcw hkvXp \nIpXn 5 h¿jw IqSptºmƒ ]cn

jv°cn°pIbpw CXn\mhiyamb N´ßƒ ImtemNnX

ambn \n¿Ωnt°≠Xpw/t`ZKXn sNtø≠XpamWv. \nIpXn

]cnjv°cWØn¬ hogvN D≠mhpIbpw {]mtZinI k¿°m

cpIƒ°v C°mcWØm¬ \„w D≠mIpIbpw sNbvXm¬

tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒnse 203(4) hIp∏nepw tIcf

ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒnse 233(4) hIp∏nepw hn`mh\w sNbvXn

cnbv°p∂Xpt]mse {]Xnh¿jw 5% F∂ tXmXn¬ \„

]cnlmcw \¬tI≠XpamsW∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p.

(hkvXp \nIpXn F√mh¿jhpw 5% h¿[n∏n°m≥ Xocpam\n®p.

\„]cnlmc \n¿t±iw \nckn®p)

12


33. hkvXp \nIpXnbpsS Npcpßnb \nc°pw G‰hpw IqSnb

\nc°pw XΩnep≈ A¥cw Npcp°m≥ IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. Npcpßnb \nc°v G‰hpw IqSnb \nc°ns‚ 75%

tØ°mƒ IpdbcpXv. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

34. A\[nIrX \n¿ΩmWßfpw, a‰v {]h¿ØnIfpw Is≠Øp∂

Xn\pw Ahbv°v \nIpXn G¿s∏SpØp∂Xn\pw hy‡amb

kwhn[m\w G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv C°mcyØn¬ kwÿm\

k¿°m¿ th≠ \n¿t±iw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v \¬I

Wsa∂pw IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKo

Icn®p)

35. tI{μ k¿°m¿ DSaÿXbnep≈ F√m sIńSßfpw {]m

tZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS hkvXp\nIpXn°v hnt[bam°W

sa∂ hnjbw tI{μ k¿°mcns‚ {i≤bn¬ sIm≠phtc≠

Xpw AXnte°mbn ̀ cWLS\bpsS A\pt—Zw 285 (1) t`ZKXn

sNøp∂Xn\v Bhiyamb \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°m≥ A`y¿

Yn°pIbpw thWw. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

36. tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒnse 235˛mw hIp∏ns‚ Jfihpw

(_nF) tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒnse 207˛mw hIp∏ns‚

Jfiw (_nF) bpw Hgnhm°n 2009 \v ap≥]p≈ XXvÿnXn

bnte°v hcnIbpw F√m A¨ FbvUUv hnZym`ymk ÿm]\

ßsfbpw hkvXp\nIpXnbpsS ]cn[nbn¬ sIm≠phcWsa∂v

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

37. _n.Fkv.F≥.F¬. sIńSßfpsS \nIpXn ASnb¥ncambn

IW°m°p∂Xn\pw Ch ]ncns®Sp°p∂Xn\pw ]©mbØp

Ifpw \KckÌfpw ASnb¥nc \S]Sn kzoIcnt°≠Xm

sW∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

sXmgn¬ \nIpXn

38. s{]m^jWepIƒ, kzbw sXmgnen¬ G¿s∏ńcnbv°p∂

hy‡nIƒ, AkwLSnXtaJebnse sXmgnemfnIƒ, hym]m

cnIƒ, _nkn\ pIm¿, Poh\°m¿ F∂nhcn¬ \n∂pw icn

bmb coXnbn¬ sXmgn¬ \nIpXn CuSmt°≠XmWv. CXv

kw_‘n®v \nIpXn \¬Ip∂hcpsS ]ńI ]cnjv°cnt°≠

XmWv. A[nI XkvXnIIƒ kr„n°msX Cu BhiyØn

te°mbn {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ IqSpX¬ Bƒ°msc

13

_n.-F. {]Imiv

\ntbmKnt°≠XmWv. Un B≥dv Hm ssek≥kv \nbaØn≥

Iogn¬ ssek≥kv e`n®n´p≈ F√m hmWnPy ÿm]\ßfpw

AXn¬ tPmen sNøp∂hcn¬ \n∂pw sXmgn¬ \nIpXn

CuSm°p∂Xn\p≈ \S]SnIƒ kzoIcns°≠mXmsW∂v


39. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS ]cn[nbnep≈ {]tZißfn¬

{]mŒokv sNøp∂ s{]m^jWepIsf kw_‘n® Hcp

k¿tΔ, hm¿Uv saº¿/Iu¨kne¬amcpsS klmbtØmsS

\SØpIbpw Ahsc IqSn \nIpXn ASbv°p∂hcpsS

]ńIbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØpIbpw sNøWw. Hmtcm {]tZisØbpw

{]mŒokv sNøp∂ AUzt°‰pamcpsS Hcp ]ńI _m¿

Iu¨kn¬ {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v \¬tI≠XmWv.

AUzt°‰pam¿ AhcpsS hcpam\w kzta[bm shfns∏

SptØ≠Xpw AXnt∑¬ sXmgn¬ \nIpXn \¬tI≠Xpw CXv

]cntim[\bv°v hnt[bamt°≠XpamWv. (ip]m¿i

AwKoIcn®p)

40. 2005 se tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n (sXmgn¬ \nIpXn) N´ßfnse

N´w 3(2) hn]peoIcn®v Nm¿t´¿Uv A°u≠≥dpam¿, SmI-vkv

{]mŒojW¿am¿, tÃm°v t{_m°¿am¿, kzImcy/Nm¿t´¿Uv

F©n\ob¿am¿, GP≥kn _nkn\ pIm¿, C≥d¿s\‰v It^

\SØp∂h¿, tI_nƒ Hm∏td‰¿am¿, Unjv Nm\¬ k¿hokv

\¬Ip∂h¿, I¨kƒ´≥kn \SØp∂h¿, dnb¬ FtÃ‰v

FP‚pam¿/t{_m°¿am¿ F∂nhsc°qSn Dƒs∏SpØm≥

\S]Sn kzoIcnt°≠XmWv. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

41. sXmgn¬ \nIpXn h¿≤n∏n°Wsa∂ 14˛mw [\Imcy IΩn

js‚ ip]m¿iIƒ F{Xbpw thKw \S∏nem°p∂Xn\mbn

sXmgn¬\nIpXnbpsS Db¿∂ ]cn[n h¿≤n∏n°p∂ hnjbw

tI{μk¿°mcn¬ D∂bnt°≠XmWv. (ip]m¿i AwKo

Icn®p)

hnt\mZ \nIpXn

42. 1961 se tIcf tem°¬ AtXmdn‰okv F‚¿sSbn≥sa≥dvkv

SmI-vkv BŒnse 5.1 (FF) hIp∏n¬ {]Xn]mZn®ncn°p∂Xp

t]mse ]cºcmKX Xntb‰dpIfnepw aƒńπI-vkv Xntb‰dp

14


Ifnepw Iºyq´¿hXvIrX Sn°‰v hnXcW k{ºZmbw \S∏n

em°Wsa∂v \n¿t±in°p∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

43. tI_nƒ Sn.hn.bpsSbpw, Unjv Sn.hn.bpsSbpw hcn°msc

hnt\mZ\nIpXnbpsS Iogn¬ sIm≠phcWsa∂v IΩoj≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. Hmtcm hcn°mcn¬ \n∂pw {]Xnamkw 10

cq] hoXw CuSm°mhp∂XmWv. (IqSpX¬ ]cntim[\bv°mbn

am‰nh®p)

44. 1961 se tIcf tem°¬ AtXmdn‰okv F‚¿sSbn≥sa≥dvkv

SmI-vkv BŒnse 2(4)˛mw hIp∏n¬ Bhiyamb t`ZKXn hcp

Øn hnt\mZk©mctI{μßfnsebpw, Im¿jnI {]Z¿i\

tI{μßfnsebpw {]thi\ ^okpw, lukv t_m´v Nm¿÷pw

hnt\mZ \nIpXnbpsS ]cn[nbn¬ sIm≠phcWsa∂v IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (GST \nbaw A\pkcn®v IqSpX¬ ]cn

tim[\bv°mbn am‰nh®p)

45. hnt\mZ\nIpXn°v kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ bmsXmcp hn[ Cfhp

Ifpw \¬IcpsX∂v ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p.)

]cky \nIpXn

46. 1994 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒnse 209 Un, 256 F∂o

hIp∏pIfnepw 1994 se tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒnse 276,

567 (32) F∂o hIp∏nepw A\ptbmPyamb t`ZKXnIƒ

hcpØn ]ckyßƒ \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\p th≠n ss_e \n¿Ωn

°p∂ k{ºZmbw Dt]£n°Wsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. F√m {Kma]©mbØpIƒ°pw _m[IamIp∂

GIoIrX ]ckyN´ßƒ k¿°m¿ \n¿Ωnt°≠Xpw AXphgn

]ckyßfpsS \nb{¥Wßfpw AhbpsS \nIpXn

hkqem°epw \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\p th≠ \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn

t°≠XmWv. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p. Cu ip]m¿i \S∏n

em°m≥ k¿°m¿ Hcp IΩn‰nsb \nban°p∂XmWv.)

{]Z¿i\ \nIpXn

47. {]Z¿i\ \nIpXnbpsS an\naw \nc°v \nehn¬ 5 cq] apX¬

50 cq] hscbmWv. CXn¬ 100% h¿≤\hv hcpØWsa∂v

IΩnj≥ \n¿t±in°p∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

15

_n.-F. {]Imiv

tkh\ D]\nIpXn

48. 1994se tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒnse 230 (4)˛mw hIp∏pw

2011 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv (hkvXp \nIpXnbpw, tkh\

\nIpXnbpw, k¿Nm¿÷pw)N´ßƒ, 2011 se tIcf ap\nkn

∏men‰n (hkvXp \nIpXnbpw, tkh\ \nIpXnbpw, k¿Nm¿

÷pw) N´ßƒ F∂nhbnse 26˛mw N´hpw t`ZKXn hcpØn

tkh\ \nIpXn {Kma]©mbØpIfnepw ap\nkn∏men‰n

Ifnepw CuSm°p∂Xv \n¿_‘am°Wsa∂v IΩnj≥

\n¿t±in°p∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

tI{μ k¿°m¿ sIńSßƒ°p≈ k¿hokv Nm¿÷v

49. tI{μ k¿°m¿ sIńSßƒ°p≈ \nbam\pkrX k¿hokv

Nm¿÷v {Kma]©mbØpIfpw \KckÌfpw CuSm°p∂

Øn\p≈ hyhÿ I¿i\ambn ]men°p∂Xn\p Xt±i kzbw

`cWhIp∏v \n¿_‘ambpw \n¿t±iw \¬IWsa∂v IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

Un & Hm ssek≥kv ôkv

50(F). {KmaoW {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v _m[Iambn´p≈ Un &

Hm ssek≥kv N´ßƒ \memw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNbvXt]mse tIcf ]©mbØvcmPv (hym]mc

ßfpsSbpw tkh\ßfpsSbpw hyhkmbßfpsSbpw \nb{¥

Ww) N´ßƒ F∂v ]p\¿\maIcWw sNøWsa∂pw IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. \Kc kÌƒ°v _m[Iam°m≥ \n¿t±in

°s∏´ N´ßfpw CØcØn¬ ]p\¿\maIcWw sNtø≠

XmWv. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

50 (_n). ]pXpXeapdbnse hmWnPyÿm]\ßƒ Dƒs∏sS F√m

Øcw hym]mc hmWnPyÿm]\ßsfbpw Dƒs°m≈n

°p∂Xn\p th≠n 1996 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv (B]¬

°chpw Aklyhpamb hym]mcßƒ°pw ^mŒdnIƒ°pw

ssek≥kv \¬I¬) N´ßfnse ]ńI 1 hn]pes∏Sp

ØWsa∂p IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i

AwKoIcn®p)

50 (kn). 1996 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv (B]¬°chpw Akly

hpamb hym]mcßƒ°pw ^mŒdnIƒ°pw ssek≥kv

16


\¬I¬) N´ßfnse II.III.IV F∂o ]ńIIfn¬ {]Xn]mZn

°p∂ {]Imcap≈ hm¿jnI ssek≥kv ôkv ]cnjv°cn

°Wsa∂v \n¿t±in°p∂p. ]ńI 7.2 ¬ hniZoIcn®Xpt]mse

]ńI II ]pXpt°≠XmWv. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

50 (Un). ]ńI III Dw IV Dw {]Imcap≈ \nc°pIfn¬ 100% h¿≤\hv

hcptØ≠XmWv (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

51. \Kc kÌƒ°v _m[Iamb hym]mc ssek≥kv N´ßƒ,

AXmbXv 2011 se tIcf ap≥kn∏men‰n (B]¬°chpw Ak

lyhpamb hym]mcßƒ°pw ^mŒdnIƒ°pw ssek≥kv

\¬I¬) N´ßƒ ASnb¥ncambn {]m_eyØn¬ sIm≠v

hcWsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. (ip]m¿i AwKo

Icn®p)

_n¬UnwKv s]¿an‰v ôkv

52. {Kma ]©mbØpIfnepw \Kc kÌfnepw \nehnep≈ sIńS

\n¿ΩmW A\paXn ̂ okv 50% Db¿ØWsa∂v IΩnj≥ \n¿

t±in°p∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

sIńS hmSI

53. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ hmSIbv°v \¬Inbn´p≈ ISapdn

IfpsSbpw sIńSßfpsSbpw, IΩyqWn‰n lmƒ, HmUnt‰mdnbw

F∂nhbpsSbpw hmSI AXmXv ÿeßfn¬ PWD \n›

bn®n´p≈ hmSI\nc°pIƒ {]Imcambncn°Wsa∂p IΩn

j≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

a‰v \nIpXntbXc hcpam\ßƒ

54. F√m \nIpXntbXc tkh\ßfpsSbpw \nc°pIƒ (hnhml

k¿ń^n°‰v ôkv HgnsI) Ipd™Xv 50% h¿≤n∏n°W

sa∂v ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (hnhml k¿ń^n°‰v ̂ okv-- Dƒs∏

sS h¿≤n∏n°Wsa∂ \n_‘\tbmsS ip]m¿i AwKoI

cn®p)

55. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ CuSm°p∂ F√m \nIpXn \nIpXn

tbXc \nc°pIfpw hkvXp\nIpXn ]cnjv°cnbv°p∂

coXnbn¬ 5 h¿jØnsemcnbv°¬ ]cnjv°cnt°≠XmWv.

sXmgn¬ \nIpXn ]cnjv°cWw `cWLS\bnse A\pt—Z

{]Imcw 276 (2) \v hnt[bambncnbv°pw. kwÿm\ [\Imcy

17

_n.-F. {]Imiv

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿iIfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ thWw Cu

]cnjv°mcßƒ \S∏nemt°≠Xv. CXn\mbn 1994 se tIcf

]©mbØvcmPv BŒnepw 1994 se tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒn

epw Bhiyamb t`ZKXn hcptØ≠XmWv. (ip]m¿i

\nckn®p)

sIńS \nIpXn {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v ssIamd¬

56. dh\yq hIp∏v Ct∏mƒ CSm°n hcp∂ sIńS \nIpXn {]mtZ

inI k¿°mcpIƒ°v hn´p\¬IWsa∂v ip]m¿i sNøp∂p.

CXn\p th≠n 1994 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒnse 200˛mw

hIp∏pw 1994 se tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒnse 230˛mw hIp

∏pw t`ZKXn sNøp∂Xn\p≈ \nba \n¿ΩmWw \StØ≠

XmWv. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

57. sa®s∏´ coXnbn¬ \nIpXn ]ncnbv°p∂ {]mtZinI k¿

°mcpIƒ°v dh\yq ]ncnhns‚ Imcy£aXbpsS ASnÿm\

Øn¬ DNnXamb t{]m’ml\w \¬IWsa∂v IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. {Kma]©mbØpIƒ Ah¿°v ap≥h¿jw

(t-1), e`nt°≠ \nIpXnbpsS 97% hkqem°nbn´ps≠¶n¬

dh\yq If£≥ C≥sk‚ohv t_mWkmbn {Kma]©mbØv

H∂n\v 5 e£w cq] \¬tI≠XmWv. \KckÌƒ C{]Imcw

95% \nIpXn hkqem°nbn´ps≠¶n¬ ap\nkn∏men‰n Hmtcm

∂n\pw 10 e£w cq]bpw ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj\pIƒ°v

Hmtcm∂n\pw 12.50 e£w cq]bpw dh\yq C≥sk‚ohv

t_mWkmbn \¬tI≠XmWv. JfinI 7.43 ¬ hniZoIcn®n

´p≈ am\Zfißƒ A\pkcn®v Bbncnbv°pw dh\yq If

£≥ C≥sk‚ohv t_mWkv hnXcWw \SØpI. (ip]m¿i

AwKoIcn®p)

58. {Kma ]©mbØnse \nIpXn ]ncnhv {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS Npa

Xe AknÃ≥dv sk{I´dnamsc G¬∏n°m≥ IΩnj≥ \n¿

t±in®p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

59. JfinI 3.8 ¬ hniZoIcn®n´Xpt]msebp≈ kwÿm\

[\Imcy IΩnj≥ ip]m¿iIƒ \S∏nem°p∂Xns‚ ta¬

t\m´w XpS¿∂pw [\Imcy hIp∏nse Fkv.F v̂.kn. sk√ns‚

NpaXebmbncnbv°pw. 7˛mw A[ymbØn¬ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≈

hn`hkamlcW \n¿t±ißƒ kw_‘n® ip]m¿iIƒ

18


\S∏n¬ hcpØp∂Xns‚ NpaXebpw Fkv.F^v.kn.

sk√n\mbncnbv°pw. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

C˛KthW≥kv

60. hn`h kamlcW taJebn¬ C˛KthW≥kv km≤yXIƒ

{]tbmP\s∏SpØm≥ IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. dh\yq

kamlcWhpambn _‘s∏´ F√m tcJIfpw Iºyq´¿ h¬

°cnt°≠Xpw \nIpXn \nIpXntbXc XpI- ASbvt°≠p

∂h¿°v CXv kw_‘n®v knÃw kr„n°p∂ Fkv.Fw.Fkv/

C-sabneneqsS \n¿t±ißƒ \¬tI≠XpamWv. (ip]m¿i

AwKoIcn®p)

V. {KmaoW {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS [\ÿnXn

61. km[phmb B[mcØns‚ A`mhØn¬ CSp°n, hb\mSv

F∂o Pn√Ifnse \nhmknIƒ°v hnhn[Imcyßƒ°mbn

hkvXp \nIpXn HSp°nb ckoXv Bhiyambn hcp∂p. kam\

amb hnjbw a‰v Pn√Ifnepw \ne\n¬°p∂p. C°mcyßƒ

]cnKWn®psIm≠v hkvXp \nIpXnbn¬ \n∂pw Bscbpw Hcp

ImcWhimepw Hgnhm°cpXv F∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sN

øp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

62. {Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS ASn°Sn Db¿∂p hcp∂ Bhiyßƒ

\ndth‰p∂Xn\mbn F√m \nIpXntbXc hchn\ßfpw ASn

b¥ncambn ]cnjv°cnbv°phm≥ IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p.

(ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

63.(F). apgph≥ kab FI-vknIypóhv ÿm\w hln°p∂ Pn√m

]©mbØv, tªm°v ]©mbØv, {Kma ]©mbØv F∂nh

bpsS {]knU‚ v, sshkv {]knU‚ v F∂nhcpsS HmWtddnbw

\nehnep≈ HmWtddnbØns‚ 200% h¿≤n∏n°m≥ IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. (_n) a‰p P\{][n\n[nIfpsS HmW

tddnbw \nehnep≈Xns‚ 100% h¿≤n∏n°m\pw Cu h¿≤\hv

]ńI 5.9 {]Imcw 2016 G{]n¬ H∂v apX¬ \S∏nem°m\pw

ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. (P\{]Xn\n[nIfpsS HmWtddnbw 100

iXam\w h¿≤n∏n®p. a‰v ip]m¿iIƒ \S∏nem°nbn√.)

VI. \Kc kÌfpsS [\ÿnXn

64. 1994se tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒn¬ ]dbp∂ ]uc[¿Ω

19

_n.-F. {]Imiv

ßƒ°v Xmgv∂ ]cnKW\bpw Xp—amb sNehpw ]cnlcn

bv°p∂Xnte°mbn \KckÌƒ s]mXp Bhiy^≠n¬

\n∂pw ]uc[¿a{]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v IqSpX¬ XpI Is≠tØ

≠XpamWv. Cu C\Ønep≈ aqe[\ sNehnte°v hnIk\

^≠n¬ \n∂pw IqSpX¬ XpI sNehgnt°≠XmWv.

(ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

65. \Kc kÌfnse s]≥j≥ hnXcWw kw_‘n® {]iv\w ]cn

lcnbv°p∂Xn\v HºXn\]cn]mSnIƒ IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. (IqSpX¬ ]cntim[\bv°mbn am‰n h®p. k¿°m¿

C°mcyØn\mbn Hcp hnZKv[kanXnsb \nban°p∂XmWv.)

66. \Kc kÌfnse sXcs™Sp°s∏´ P\{]Xn\n[nIfpsS

HmWtddnbØns‚ \nc°v h¿≤n∏n°m≥ IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNbvXn´p≠v. (F) apgph≥ kab FI-vknIypóhv ÿm\w

hln°p∂ ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj\pIfnse tab¿, U]yqń

tab¿ F∂nh¿°pw ap\nkn∏men‰nIfnse sNb¿t]gvk¨,

sshkvsNb¿t]gvk¨ F∂nh¿°pw \nehnep≈ HmWtddn

bØns‚ {]Xnamk\nc°n¬ 200% h¿[\hv hcpØWw (_n)

sXcs™Sp°s∏´ a‰v P\{]Xn\n[nIfpsS HmWtddnbØn¬

\nehnep≈ {]Xnamk\nc°n¬ 100% h¿≤\hv hcpØWw.

(P\{]Xn\n[nIfpsS HmWtddnbw 100 iXam\w h¿≤n∏n®p.

a‰v ip]m¿iIƒ \S∏nem°nbn√.)

VII. ap≥ kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj\pIfpsS ip]m¿iIfpsS

]p\:]cntim[\

67. kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ ip]m¿iIƒ \S∏nem°p∂Xv

\nco£n°p∂Xn\mbn [\ImcyhIp∏n¬ \nehnep≈ sk¬

XpS¿∂pw {]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\p IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p.

Xt±i kzbw `cWhIp∏nepw C{]Imcw Hcp sk¬ Bcw

`n°m≥ IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

68. H∂v apX¬ \memw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj≥ hscbp≈

\mev IΩnj\pIfpsS 31 ip]m¿iIƒ AwKoIcnbv°m\pw

\S∏nem°m\pw ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. Ah Cu kw{Kl

Øn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbnń√.

20


c≠mw `mKw dnt∏m¿´v

(2016 am¿®v 11 \v _lp: tIcf Kh¿W¿°v ka¿∏n®p)

VIII. kmºØnI hnjbßƒ

69. JfinI 12.7 ¬ ]dbpw {]Imcap≈ BZmbIcamb ]≤XnIƒ

{]mtZinIk¿°mcpIƒ Gs‰SpØv \S∏nem°ptºmƒ AXn\p

hmbv] e`yam°p∂Xn\p≈ F√m \S]Sn{Iaßfpw ]q¿

ØoIcn°p∂Xn\p≈ t\mU¬ GP≥knbmbn sI.bp.B¿.

Un.F^v.kn.sb \n›bnt°≠XmWv. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpI

fpsS temWpIƒ°v kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ Kymc‚n \¬tI≠

XmWv. (CXpambn _‘s∏´p k¿°m¿ sI.F¬.Pn.Un.F^v.

CXnt\mSIw cq]oIcn®p Ign™n´p≠v.)

70. HmUn‰ns‚ ASnÿm\XXzßfn¬ hn´phogvN sNømsX

HmUn‰v IqSpX¬ hnIk\ kulrZam°m≥ kwÿm\ HmUn‰v

hIp∏v {i≤n°Wsa∂v ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKo

Icn®p. HmUn‰v am\z¬ AwKoIcn®v DS≥ Xs∂ {]kn≤oIcn

t°≠XmWv)

71. \nbaØnepw N´ßfnepw hn`mh\w sNbvXt]msebp≈ Hcp

kwhn[m\am°n am‰p∂Xn\mbn \Kc k`Iƒ°v th≠nbp≈

s]¿t^m¿a≥kv HmUn‰v kwhn[m\w ASnb¥ncambn i‡n

s∏SptØ≠Xpw ]pXnb \nbaØneqsStbm, hn\ymkØn

eqsStbm IqSpX¬ DtZymKÿcpsS tkh\w e`yamt°≠

XpamWv. (CXnte°mbn ]pXnb \nba\ßƒ ]mSn√ F∂

\n_‘\tbmsS ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p.)

72. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS BkvXn kw_‘n®v Xmsg

]dbp∂ \S]SnIƒ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (1). kNn{X tkm^v‰v

shb¿ IqSpX¬ D]t`m‡r kulrZambncnbv°Ww. (2).

Hmtcm h¿jhpw BkvXnIfpsS Iq´nt®¿°¬, \o°w sNø¬

F∂nh AwKoIcnbv°p∂Xn\v hyhkvYbp≠mbncnbv°Ww.

(3). BkvXn kw_‘n® hnhcßƒ kzta[bm ]cnjv°

cnbv°p∂Xn\mbn kNn{X tkm v̂‰v shbdpw kmwJytkm v̂‰v

shbdpw IqSn kwtbmPn∏n°Ww. (4). BkvXn kr„n°p∂

Hcp ]≤Xn ]q¿ØnbmIptºmƒ BkvXn cPnÃ¿ kzta[b

]cnjv°cn°s∏SWw (5). H∂n¬ IqSpX¬ hm¿UpIfneqsS

tbm Unhj\pIfneqsStbm IS∂pt]mIp∂ tdmUpIƒ

BkvXn cPnÃdn¬ tN¿°ptºmƒ H‰ ]mXbmbn

21

_n.-F. {]Imiv

IW°m°Ww. (6). BkvXn Xncbp∂ kuIcyØn\mbn Xmsg

]dbp∂ hnhcßƒ ImtW≠XmWv. (a). BkvXnbpsS t]cv

(b). hm¿Uv /Unhnjs‚ t]cv (c). hnt√Pns‚ t]cv (d). tªm°v

\º¿ (e). k¿tΔ \º¿. (7). BkvXnbpsS hne \n›bn°m≥

IgnbmØ kmlNcyØn¬ Hcp cq]bmbn´mWv BkvXn cPn

kv{Sdn¬ ImWn®n´p≈Xv. AØcw BkvXnIfpsS hn]Wn hne

\n›bn°pIbpw AXv BkvXn cPnkv{Sdn¬ Dƒs∏

SpØpIbpw thWw. (8). BkvXn cPnkv{Sdnse Cc´n°¬

]q¿Wambpw Hgnhm°Ww. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

73. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS DSaÿXbnep≈ BkvXnIfpsS

ta¬ AXmXv {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v \nbam\pkcWap≈

AhImiw e`n°p∂Xn\p Xt±i kzbw`cW hIp∏v BkvXn

cPnkvS¿ HutZymKnI Kk‰n¬ ]ckys∏SpØp∂Xn\p≈

\S]SnIƒ ASnb¥ncambn sNtø≠XmsW∂v IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

74. A©mw kwÿm\ [\Imcy IΩnj\v th≠n sI¬t{Sm¨

hnIkn∏n® tkm^v‰v shb¿ ]cnjv°cn®v 2014˛15 apX¬ IKMamt\Pvsa≥dv C≥^¿taj≥ knÃw Xømdm°p∂Xv hscbp≈

Imebfhnse {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS kmºØnI hnhc

ßƒ tiJcnbv°p∂Xn\p D]tbmKnbv°mhp∂XmsW∂v IΩn

j≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. (\S]SnIƒ kzoIcn®p hcp∂p)

75. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfn¬ \n∂pw kmºØnI hnhcßƒ

tiJcnbv°p∂Xn\p D]tbmKn®v hcp∂ SFC tkm^v‰v shb¿

IKM s‚ kmwJy tkm^v‰v shbdpambn kwtbmPn∏n°m

hp∂XmsW∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≠v. (\S]SnIƒ

Bhiyan√)

76. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfn¬ \nehnep≈ slUv ¢m¿°v

dm¶nep≈hcn¬ \n∂pw ap\nkn∏men‰n, ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏

tdj≥, Pn√m]©mbØv F∂nhnSßfn¬ Hmtcm A°u≠v

XkvXnIbnte°v \nba\w \SØmhp∂XmsW∂p IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj\pIfn¬ Hcp

^n\m≥kv Hm^okdpsS XkvXnI kr„n°mhp∂XmWv F∂

t`ZKXntbmsS AwKoIcn®p)

77. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfnse DtZymKÿ¿°v [\Imcyhpw,

A°u≠nßpw a‰v _‘s∏´ hnjbßfnepw ]cnioe\w

22


\¬Ip∂Xn\p≈ ZuXyw [\ImcyhIp∏n\v Iognep≈ CTFM,

KpemØn C≥Ãn´yq´v Hm^v ^n\m≥kv B≥Uv SmIvtkj≥

se DAC F∂nhsb Gev]n°mhp∂XmsW∂p IΩnj≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (KILA GP≥knbmbn XpScpw)

78. JfinI 12.30 (i) apX¬ (xxxi) hscbp≈Xn¬ ]cma¿in

®ncnbv°p∂ Imcyßƒ ]cnKWn®Xn\v tijw IKM s‚

kmwJy A°u≠nwKv tkm^v‰vshbdns‚bpw a‰v tkm^v‰v

shbdns‚bpw hniZmwißfnte°v IS°mhp∂XmsW∂v


79. {Kma˛\Kc {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v _m[Iamb _P‰v

am\ph¬ ASnb¥ncambn Xt±i kzbw`cW hIp∏v Xømdm

t°≠XmsW∂p IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i

AwKoIcn®p)

80. Nn´bmbXpw imkv{Xobhpamb IW°pIfpsS ASnÿm\

Ønep≈XmIWw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS _P‰v.

(ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

IX ]≤Xn cq]oIcWhpw \SØn∏pw

81. kmºØnIambpw kmt¶XnIambpw ta∑bp≈Xpw Ipd™

sNehn¬ sNøm≥ Ignbp∂Xpamb t{]mPŒpIƒ Xøm

dm°pI. {]mtZinI hnIk\mhiyw IW°nseSpØv thKw

cq]oIcnbv°m≥ Ignbp∂ t{]mPŒpIƒ thKw AwKoImchpw

kmt¶XnI A\paXnbpw In´Ø° XcØn¬ \S]Sn{Ia

ßfnep≈ am‰w, Imcy£aamb \n¿hlW kwhn[m\w, kab

_‘nXhpw Imcy£ahpamb \n¿ΔlWw, `uXnI˛

kmºØnI e£yßfpsS ssIhcnbv°¬ XpSßnbhbv°v

Du∂¬ \evIp∂Xmbncnbv°Ww ]≤Xn am¿§tcJ F∂v

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (t`ZKXnItfmsS AwKoIcn®p)

82. `qanimkv{X]camb {]iv\ßƒ t\cnSp∂ (XoctZiw, ae{º

tZiw, sh≈Øm¬ Np‰s∏´ XpcpØv) {Kma ]©mbØv, ap\n

kn∏men‰n F∂nhbv°v ]≤Xn XpIbpsS 10% `qanimkv{X

]camb hnIk\ ]≤XnIƒ°v hn\ntbmKn°mhp∂XmsW∂v

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (am¿§tcJIƒ Ct∏mƒ Xs∂

\nehn√p≈XmWv )

83. s]mXp Bhiy^≠v, tdmUv̨ tdmUnXc kwc£W ̂ ≠v, hnI

23

_n.-F. {]Imiv

k\^≠v F∂nhbpsS D]tbmKw kw_‘n® am¿§tcJ

bpsS aebmfØnep≈ ssI]pkvXIw tÃ‰v ^n\m≥kv

IΩnj≥ sk¬ Xømdmt°≠XmsW∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. (ssI]pkvXIw Xt±i kzb `cWhIp∏v Xømdm

°Ww F∂ t`ZKXntbmsS ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

84. ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj≥, ap\nkn∏men‰n F∂nhnSßfnse

F©n\obdnwKv kw_‘n® Imcyßƒ t\m°p∂Xn\p aq∂p

taJeIfnembn AknÃ≥dv F©n\obdpsS ]pXnb XkvXnI

Iƒ kr„n°Wsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. F≥h

tbm¨sa‚¬ F≥Pn\ob¿, sa°m\n°¬ F≥Pn\ob¿,

Ce{Œn°¬ F≥Pn\ob¿ F∂o ]pXnb XkvXnIIƒ BWv

ip]m¿i sNøp∂Xv. (F√m ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj\pIfnepw

F≥htbm¨sa‚¬ F≥Pn\ob¿ XkvXnI am{Xw (Hmtcm

ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj\nepw 1 hoXw) kr„n®m¬ aXnbmIpw

F∂ t`ZKXntbmsS ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

85. Zmcn{ZtcJbv°v Xmsgbp≈ IpSpw_ßƒ, ]ńI PmXn/]ńI

h¿§°m¿ apXembh¿°v k¿°m¿ hIp∏pIfpw {]mtZinI

k¿°mcpIfpw \S∏m°p∂ kam\ KpWt`m‡y ]≤Xn

Ifmb ]m¿∏nSkuIcyw, `qan hmß¬, a‰v ]≤XnIƒ F∂n

hbv°v \¬Ip∂ BsI XpIbpw k_vknUn \nc°pw Hcp

t]mse Bbncnbv°Wsa∂p IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p.

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsS k_vknUn \nc°v Xs∂ ASn

ÿm\ \nc°mbn kzoIcnbv°mhp∂XmWv. (ip]m¿i

AwKoIcn®p)

86. ]≤Xn cq]oIcnbv°p∂Xn\p ap≥]p≈ L´Ønepw t{]mPIv‰v

Xocpam\n°p∂ L´Ønepw \mev {][m\s∏´ am‰ßƒ

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. BZytØXv, h¿°nwKv {Kq∏p

IfpsS FÆw Ipdbv°pIbpw ]≤Xn ê{]Zambn cq]oIcn

°p∂Xn\p Bhiyamb Bibßƒ \¬Ip∂Xn\p h¿°nwKv

{Kq∏pIsf {]m]vXcm°pIbpw thWw. c≠matØXv,

]≤XnIƒ ê{]Zambn hnebncpØp∂Xn\pw ]≤Xn

\S∏nem°ens‚ ]ptcmKXnbv°v \n¿t±ißƒ \¬Ip∂Xn\pw

{Kma k`/ hm¿Uv k`/ hm¿Uv IΩn‰n F∂nhbpsS ]¶v

i‡amt°≠XmWv. aq∂matØXv, ta¬∏d™ncnbv°p

∂hbpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ ASpØ hm¿jnI ]≤Xnbn¬/

24


_P‰n¬ Dƒs∏SpØp∂Xn\v hnhn[ ]≤XnIfpsSbpw k-

vIoapIfpsSbpw XpIbpsS IcSv AS¶¬ klnXap≈ ]´nI

Xømdmt°≠XmWv. \mematØXv, ]≤XnbpsS aps∂mcp°

ßƒ (h¿°nwKv {Kq∏v cq]oIcnbv°¬, {Kmak`/ hm¿Uv k`

hnfn®v tN¿°¬, hnIk\ skan\m¿ kwLSn∏n°pI, ]pXnb

]≤XnIƒ Is≠ØpI) \nco£n°p∂Xn\v \hw_¿ amk

sØbpw Unkw_¿ amksØ BZyhmchpw tN¿Øv BsI

A©v BgvNsØ kab]cn[nbmWv ip]m¿i sNbvXn´p≈Xv.

(hniZamb am¿§tcJIƒ Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ \nehnep≠v.

A\¥c \S]SnIƒ Bhiyan√)

87. ]≤Xn \SØn∏ns‚ G‰hpw Xnc°p≈ kabw (P\phcn˛am¿®v

amkßƒ) HgnsI ]≤Xn Xømdm°p∂Xn\v c≠p amksØ

kabw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v A\phZnt°≠XmsW∂p

IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. hncan® F≥Pn\ob¿am¿,

DtZymKÿ¿, I¨k¬´≥kn ÿm]\ßƒ, F≥Pn\ob

dnwKv tImtfPpIƒ, KthjW ÿm]\ßƒ F∂nhbnem¿

s°¶nepw ]Ww sImSpØv CSØctam heptXm Bb F≥

Pn\obdnwKv As√¶n¬ kmt¶XnIXzw Bhiyap≈ ]≤Xn

Iƒ Xømdmt°≠XmWv. Cu BhiyØnte°mbn {]mtZinI

k¿°m¿ \¬Ip∂ ]m\¬ Un.]n.kn. AwKoIcn®v \¬tI≠

XmWv. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

88. \nehnep≈ ]≤XnIfpsS FÆØns‚ aq∂n¬ c≠mbn

]≤XnIfpsS (hnIk\hpw kwc£Whpw) FÆw ]pXp°W

sa∂p IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. {]mtZinI k¿°mcp

Iƒ°v Gs‰Sp°mhp∂ ]≤XnIfpsS FÆw Xmsg ]dbpw

{]Imcambncnbv°Ww. {Kma]©mbØv (60˛-75), tªm°v

]©mbØv (30˛-40), Pn√ ]©mbØv (400-˛480), ap\nkn

∏men‰nIƒ (110-̨ 140), ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj\pIƒ (600-̨ 690).

(ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

89. KpWt`m‡y kanXn \S∏m°p∂ tPmenIƒ kq£vaambn

]cntim[n°p∂Xn\p≈ kwhn[m\w cq]s∏SptØ≠Xm

sW∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ,

ap\nkn∏men‰nIƒ, ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj\pIƒ F∂nh

KpWt`m‡y kanXn aptJ\ Hcp kmºØnI h¿jw \S∏m

°nb ]≤XnIfpsS ]´nI ASpØ kmºØnI h¿jsØ

25

_n.-F. {]Imiv

BZy{Kmak`bn¬ ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv. (ip]m¿i AwKo

Icn®p)

90. ]≤Xn sNehv A\mtcmKyIcamb coXnbn¬ h¿≤n°p∂Xv

XSbp∂Xn\v, kmºØnI h¿jØns‚ BZy c≠p ]mZßfn¬

F≥Pn\obdnwKnXc t{]mPŒpIƒ \S∏nem°p∂Xn\pw ]q¿

ØoIcnbv°p∂Xn\pw IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i

\nckn®p)

91. {Kma, tªm°v, Pn√m ]©mbØpIƒ, ap\nkn∏men‰nIƒ,

ap\nkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj\pIƒ F∂nhnSßfnse F≥Pn\ob¿

am¿, Hmh¿kob¿am¿, ^o¬UvÃm^v F∂nhcpsS HgnhpIƒ

DS≥ \nIØWsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. HgnhpIƒ

hcp∂ apdbv°v DS≥ \nIØp∂ Hcp kwhn[m\w D≠m°Ww.

F√m {Kma]©mbØpIfnepw Hcp AknÃ≥dv F≥Pn\ob¿

]q¿Wkabw D≠mbncnb v°Ww. F≥Pn\ob¿amsc

CSbv°nsS ÿew am‰p∂ {]hWX Ahkm\n∏n°Ww. Hcp

F≥Pn\ob¿°v Ipd™Xv aq∂p h¿jsØ Imemh[n Hcp

{]mtZinI k¿°mcn¬ \¬IWw. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

92. h¿°v ÃUnbpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ F√m {Kma ]©mbØp

Ifnepw F≥Pn\ob¿ hn`mKØns\ klmbn°p∂Xn\p Hcp

¢dn°¬ XkvXnI kr„n°m\pw CXn\p≈ iºfw X\Xv

^≠n¬ \nt∂m P\d¬ ]¿∏kv ̂ ≠n¬ \nt∂m Is≠ØW

sa∂pw IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

93. F√m {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfpsSbpw F√m {Sjdn \nb{¥

Wßfn¬ \n∂pw Hgnhm°Wsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. (A\¥c \S]SnIƒ Bhiyan√ F∂v Xocpam\n®p)

94. BtcmKy taJebnepw km£cXtaJebnepw ]≤XnIƒ

\S∏nem°p∂Xn\p IqSpX¬ kmºØnI A[nImcw

{]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v \¬Ip∂Xn\p IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. (\S]SnIƒ Bhiyan√)

95. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v AhcpsS Hm^nkn¬ sI´nS

ßfpsS \n¿ΩmWØn\mbpw ]ucmhImi {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

e`yam°p∂Xn\pap≈ kuIcyßƒ \n¿hln°p∂Xn\mbpw

`qan hmßm≥ k¿°m¿ A\paXn e`n°Wsa∂p≈ Ct∏m

gsØ coXn Hgnhm°Wsa∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p.

(\nehnep≈ kwhn[m\w XpScp∂XmWv)

26


96. ssIam‰w sNøs∏´ ÿm]\ßfpsS ]gb sI´nSßƒ

s]mfn®v \o°n AsX BhiyØn\p ]pXnbXv \n¿Ωn°p∂

Xn\p≈ A[nImcw {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v \¬Im≥

ip]m¿i sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

97. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfntem ssIam‰w sNøs∏´ ÿm]\

ßfntem tPmen sNøp∂ DtZymKÿsc aq∂p h¿j°mew

AsX XkvXnIbn¬ XpScm≥ A\phZnt°≠XmWv. Cu

DtZymKÿsc ÿew am‰p∂Xn\v ap≥]v {]mtZinI k¿°m¿

A[y£s‚ A`n{]mbw IqSn Bcmtb≠XmWv. CØcw

DtZymKÿsc ÿe am‰ DØchns‚ ]I¿∏v \n¿_‘ambpw

{]mtZinI k¿°m¿ A[y£≥am¿°v sNtø≠Xpw, e`y

amt°≠XpamWv. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

98. ]©mbØv hIp∏v, {KmahnIk\ hIp∏v, \KcImcy hIp∏v

F∂nh kwtbmPn∏n®v k¿°m¿XeØn¬ {]mtZinI k¿°m¿

a{¥mebw cq]oIcn°Ww. Khs◊≥dv sk{I´dnbpw, sk{I

t´dnb‰n¬ CXpambn _‘s∏´p {]h¿Øn°p∂ a‰v Ãm^pw

CXns‚ `mKambn hcWw. CXpt]mse ]©mbØv hIp∏v,

\KcImcy hIp∏v, {KmahnIk\ hIp∏v, Xt±i kzbw `cW

hIp∏v, F≥Pn\obdnwKv hnwKv F∂nh kwtbmPn∏n®v {]mtZ

inI k¿°m¿ hIp∏v F∂ H‰ hIp∏m°Ww. Hcp ko\nb¿

sF.F.Fkv. DtZymKÿ≥ CXns‚ NpaXe hln°Ww. Cu

hIp∏n\v ]©mbØv, {KmahnIk\w, \KcImcyw, F≥Pn

\obdnwKv hnwKv F∂nßs\bp≈ \mev {]h¿Ø\ taJeIƒ

D≠mbncnbv°Ww. ]©mbØv, {KmahnIk\w, \KcImcyw

F∂nhbv°v {]tXyI AUojW¬ UbdŒ¿ D≠mbncn

bv°Ww. F≥Pn\obdnwKv hnKn\p No^v F≥Pn\obcpw D≠m

bncnbv°Ww. Cu ]pXnb kwhn[m\Ønse UbdŒ¿°v F√m

XeØnepap≈ {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfn¬ CSs]´v {]h¿

Øn°p∂Xn\mbn 1994 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒpw 1994

se tIcf ap\nkn∏men‰n BŒpw t`ZKXn sNtø≠XmWv.

(ip]m¿i \S∏nem°n hcp∂p)

99. {Kma/hm¿Uv k`, hm¿Uv IΩn‰n ao‰nwKpIfn¬ ]¶mfnØw

sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\v hn]peamb P\Iob t_m[h¬°cW

]cn]mSnIƒ \StØ≠XmWv. \oXn]q¿Δambn KpWt`m‡m

°sf sXcs™Sp°pI, ^e{]Zamb knhnIv tkh\ßƒ

27

_n.-F. {]Imiv

e`yam°pI, ]s¶Sp°p∂h¿ apt∂m´v hbv°p∂ \n¿t±i

ßƒ°v am\yamb ]cnKW\ \¬IpI F∂nh ]¶mfnØw

sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\v klmbn°p∂XmWv. k`bpsS As√

¶n¬ IΩn‰nbpsS apgph≥ \S]SnIfpw hnUntbm dnt°mUv

sNøWw. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

100. sXcs™Sp°s∏´ {]Xn\n[nIfpsS {]h¿Ø\^eambn

{]mtZinI k¿°mcn\p≠mIp∂ \„w, ]mgvsNehv, kmº

ØnI Zp¿hn\ntbmKw F∂nhbv°v Ah¿ DØchmZnIƒ

Bbncnbv°psa∂v 1994 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒnse

253˛mw hIp∏nepw 1994 se tIcf an\nkn∏¬ BŒnse 67 ˛mw

hIp∏nepw hyhÿbp≠mbncp∂p. Cu hyhÿIƒ ho≠pw

\nbaØn¬ sIm≠phtc≠XmWv F∂v IΩnj≥ ip]m¿i

sNøp∂p. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

101. {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIƒ°v hyhlmc \S]SnIfpambn

_‘s∏´v h°oe∑m¿°v \¬Imhp∂ ^okv Xmsg ]dbpw

{]Imcw ]cnjv°cn°mhp∂XmWv. Pn√mXe tImSXn hsc

bp≈ tIkns‚ hyhlmcw 5000 cq] apX¬ 10000 cq] hsc,

sslt°mSXn tIkns‚ hyhlmcw 10000 cq] apX¬ 20000

cq] hsc, kp{]owtImSXn tIkns‚ hyhlmcw 50000 cq]

Cu ]cn[nbv°v apIfnep≈ GXv XpIbpw \¬Ip∂Xn\p

\nehnep≈ k{ºZmbw XpScp∂XmWv. (ip]m¿i AwKo

Icn®p)

102. kmaqly h\hXvIcW hn`mKØns‚ A\paXnbn√msXbpw,

hr£Øns‚ c≠p ssXIƒ AtX ÿetØm sXm´SpØ

ÿetØm \SWw F∂ \n_‘\bnepw, hml\ßƒt°m

Im¬\Sbm{X°m¿t°m, A]ISap≈Xmbn ImWs∏Sp∂

acßƒ apdn®v am‰p∂Xn\v {]mtZinIk¿°mcn\v A[nImcw

\¬Imhp∂XmWv. (ip]m¿i \nckn®p)

103. Hcp kmºØnI h¿jsØ _P‰v c≠p XhW am{Xta

{]mtZinI k¿°m¿ ]cnjv°cn°m≥ ]mSp≈q F∂v

\njvI¿jn°mhp∂XmWv. (ip]m¿i AwKoIcn®p)

_n.-F. {]Imiv (_n. B¬hn≥ {]Im-iv)

tUm._n.F.{]Imiv- 1976-˛¬ Imen-°‰v k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bpsS kmº-ØnI

imkv{X-hIp-∏n¬ (tPm¨ aØmbn sk‚¿, Xriq¿) A≤ym-]-I-\mbn HutZym-

KnI PohnXw Bcw-`n-®p. ]n¬°m-eØv hIp∏pta[m-hnbpw s{]m^k-dp

-am-bn. {]K¤ bph- km-aqlyimkv{X-⁄-¿-°p≈ "bwKv tkmjy¬ kb‚nÃv

s^tem" (1980-˛82), "Icn-b¿ Ahm¿Uv' (1986-˛89) F∂nh t\Sn. Cu A©p

h¿j°meØv Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sk‚¿ t^m¿ Uh-e-]vsa‚ v ÃUo-kn¬

tIcf kmº-ØnIhnj-b-ß-fn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øn. 1999¬ tIcf k¿Δ-

I-em-im-e-bnse kmº-ØnI imkv{Xhn`mKØn¬ s{]m^k-dmbn \nb-an-X-

\mb At±lw B hIp-∏n¬ Ah-km\ A©p h¿j-°mew hIp-∏p-ta-[m-

hnbmbn {]h¿Øn-®-tijw 2008¬ hnc-an-®p. kwÿm\ k¿°m¿, kwÿm\

Bkq-{XW t_m¿Uv F∂n-h-bpsS ]Xn-s\m∂v IΩn‰n/hnZ-Kv≤-]-T\ kan-

Xn-I-fn¬ AwK-am-bn-cp-∂n-́ p-≠v. CXn\p]pdsa tIcf ]ªnIv FIvkvs]≥Un-

®¿ dnhyp IΩn‰n (2012-˛14) A©mw kwÿm\ [\-Imcy IΩn-j≥ (2015-˛16)

F∂n-h-bpsS A≤y-£-\p-ambncp∂n-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ

cmPohv Km‘n C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v Uh-e-]vsa‚ v ÃUo-knse s{]m^k-dm-Wv.

{]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n´p≈ ]pkvX-I-ßƒ (FUn‰v sNbvXXv Dƒs∏sS).

The Indian Economy since 1991: Economic Reforms and Performance(Revised Edition, Pearson, 2012) (Ed).

The Indian Economy since 1991: Economic Reforms and Performance,(Pearson, 2009). (Ed).

Kerala’s Economic Development: Performance and Problems in thePost-Liberalisation Period. (Sage, 2004) (Ed).

Kerala’s Economic Development: Issues and Problems. (Sage, 1999) (Ed).

Kerala’s Economy: Performance, Problems, Prospects. (Sage, 1994) (Ed).

Kerala’s Development Issues in the New Millennium. (Serials, 2008) (Ed).

Indian Migration to the Middle East: Trends, Patterns and Socio-Economic Impacts. (Spell Bound, 1998) (Ed).

tIc-f-Ønse Zmcn-{Zyw: khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw \n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]≤-Xn-I-fpw,cmPohv Km‘n C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v Uh-e-]vsa‚ v ÃUokv (2012).

[\[q¿Øv cm{„obhpw cq£ [\{]Xnk‘nbpw (Id‚ v_pIvkv,Xriq¿, 2017)

{]km-[-I≥: _n.-F. {]ImivB.N.R.A. 164 A, Ih-Sn-bm¿Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 003

A®-Sn-®Xv: A£c Hm^vsk‰v,h©n-bq¿, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

s^-{_p-hcn 2018

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