cair issue no. 58 - january 2008

CANADIAN AVIATION INDUSTRY REVIEW

In this issue…

Features Columns: Regular Reports: • Fuel Price Update (p.1) • Cargo Capers (p.10) • Caribbean Report (p.11) • Asia Report (p.12) • Europe Report (p.13) • Ottawa Report (p.14) • Washington Report (p.15) • Environmental Report (p.16) • Heathrow Terminal 5 (p.17)

• Airline Data - Canada (p.2) • Airline Data – U.S. (p.3) • Selected Canadian Airport

Data (p.4) • Industry News (p.5) • InterVISTAS News (p.18)

CRUDE OIL PRICES SURPASS $100 21 January 2008

Crude oil prices temporarily break $100 barrier… On 2 January 2008, the futures price of a barrel of crude oil surpassed $100 on the New York Mercantile Exchange. However, since exceeding this psychological barrier, the price has subsequently fallen below $90 per barrel. The main concern impacting the crude oil market is the fear of a U.S. recession.

OPEC, producer of 40% of the world’s crude oil output, will await their meeting on 1 February to decide on whether to increase oil production. The cartel has been concerned about the disconnect between actual market fundamentals compared to price. U.S. Energy Secretary, Samuel Bodman, said that an increase in OPEC production would be a “constructive response” to alleviate high prices in the short term.

Doris Mak Manager, Special Projects

... Crude oil futures prices at $85 in the long-term Futures prices in January 2008 are somewhat higher than futures prices established in late 2007. A futures contract in January 2008 for delivery of crude oil in December 2012 is priced currently at $85; a 4% increase over the same contract if purchased in November 2007 and 13% higher than if the contract was purchased in October 2007.

InterVISTAS’ Canadian Aviation Intelligence Report Page 1

Crude Oil Futures Prices

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Crude OilFutures Prices

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May 2003

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Crude Oil Spot Prices

Jan 2006

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May 2007 2006

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Spot Oil prices exceed $100 in early 2008, but futures prices

are $85 for 2012.

January 2008 Copyright ©2008 InterVISTAS Consulting Inc., all rights reserved.

AIRLINE DATA – CANADA Traffic and Load Factors on Canada’s Major Air Carriers December 2007

Passenger Traffic Revenue Passenger

Kilometres Capacity

Available Seat Kilometres Load Factor Air Carrier

% Change over 2006

% Change from 2005

% Change over 2006

% Change from 2005

Change over 2006

Change from 2005

Air Canada1 2.3% 7.8% 1.6% 4.9% +0.5pts (to 79.3%)

+2.0pts (from 77.3%)

Domestic (Mainline) +1.5% +9.8% +1.7% +4.7% -0.1pts +3.8pts

Jazz +3.8% +30.2% +2.5% +23.8% +0.9pts +3.6pts International & Charter +2.5% +7.0% +1.5% +5.0% +0.8pts +1.5pts

WestJet +17.1% +42.3% +15.2% +40.3% +1.3pts (to 79.3%)

+1.1pts (from 78.2%)

Analysis:

-2%0%2%4%6%8%

10%

Oct Nov Dec Jan-07

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Dom RPK Dom ASK

Air Canada Domestic Mainline Air Canada Domestic Mainline

Jazz data is not included in this graph

-2%0%2%4%6%8%

10%

Oct Nov Dec Jan-07


Dom RPK Dom ASK

Air Canada Domestic Mainline Air Canada Domestic Mainline

Jazz data is not included in this graph

• Air Canada announced a record high December load factor of 78.8% for Air Canada Mainline and Jazz combined. Both Air Canada Mainline and Jazz experienced traffic increases for the month, up 2.3% and 3.8%, respectively, from the same month a year earlier.

-2%-1%0%1%2%3%4%5%6%

Oct Nov Dec Jan-07


Int'l RPK Int'l ASK

Air Canada InternationalAir Canada International

-2%-1%0%1%2%3%4%5%6%

Oct Nov Dec Jan-07


Int'l RPK Int'l ASK

Air Canada InternationalAir Canada International• Air Canada Mainline’s domestic load factor declined

slightly due to seat capacity expanding by 1.7%, outpacing traffic growth of 1.5%.

• Air Canada Mainline’s international passenger traffic increased by 2.5% in December 2007 over 2006. The largest contributor to international traffic growth is the “Latin America and Other” region, with passenger volumes increasing by 8.5% in December 2007 over December 2006.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Oct Nov Dec Jan-07


RPK ASK

WestJetWestJet

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Oct Nov Dec Jan-07


RPK ASK

WestJetWestJet

• WestJet reported a record high December load factor of 79.3%. Traffic for the air carrier was up 17.1% in December 2007 over the same month in 2006.

1 Air Canada Mainline consists of all Air Canada operations with the exception of Jazz.

InterVISTAS’ Canadian Aviation Intelligence Report Page 2 January 2008 Copyright ©2008 InterVISTAS Consulting Inc., all rights reserved.

AIRLINE DATA – U.S. U.S. Airlines Release December 2007 Traffic Figures

Airline Traffic (RPMs – millions)

Capacity (ASMs – millions) Load Factor

2,161 ↑6.4%

2,814 ↑10.0%

76.8% ↓2.6 pts

671

↓6.7% 967

↓5.6% 69.4% ↓0.8 pts

5,728 ↑4.0%

8,404 ↑5.2%

68.2% ↓0.7 pts

1 7,623 ↑1.9%

9,688 ↑3.0%

78.7% ↓0.8 pts

2 9,226 ↓1.2%

11,761 ↓0.1%

78.8% ↓0.8 pts

11,237 ↓1.0%

14,253 ↓0.7%

78.8% ↓0.3 pts

9,715 ↑3.0%

12,502 ↑3.1%

77.7% ↓0.1 pts

6,268 ↓1.7%

7,722 ↓2.2%

81.2% ↑0.5 pts

2 4,864 ↓4.5%

6,456 ↓4.4%

75.3% ↓0.2 pts

397

↑8.7% 482

↑4.4% 82.3% ↑3.2 pts

1,423 ↑16.6%

1,959 ↑13.1%

72.7% ↑2.3 pts

798

↑31.7% 1,099 ↑23.6%

72.6% ↑4.4 pts

Notes: 1. Mainline operations only. 2. Load factor includes scheduled service only. Sources: Carrier traffic reports.


Summary of Total Year-Over-Year Passenger Traffic Performance at Selected Canadian Airports Toronto Vancouver Montréal-

Trudeau Calgary Edmonton Ottawa Winnipeg Halifax Victoria Kelowna Saskatoon Regina St. John’s

November +3.9% +3.7% +8.6% +14.1% +15.4% +3.0% +8.3% +0.6% +2.7% +14.5% +2.7% +3.7% +0.2% December +6.4% +6.2% +8.7% +11.4 +18.2% +3.8% +3.4% -2.4% -0.1% +14.5% +3.7% +10.2% -1.1% 4th Quarter +4.3% +4.1% +7.0% +11.7 +17.4% +3.0% +6.4% +1.7% +3.9% +14.3% +4.5% +6.7% +0.3%

2006

Full Year +3.5% +3.1% +4.7% +11.1 +15.5% +1.7% +4.8% +4.6% +5.4% +14.7% +5.6% +8.0% +6.0% January +3.0% +5.5% +10.2% +11.7% +18.3% +5.9% +3.2% +2.3% +4.7% +15.2% +6.7% +18.8% +4.6% February +2.0% +2.7% +7.1% +11.7% +18.3% +8.3% +6.8% +2.0% +4.0% +12.9% +11.0% +24.2% +10.9%

March +1.5% +3.6% +8.9% +9.5% +17.1% +4.9% +5.4% -1.2% +7.9% +15.6% +5.7% +8.2% +9.1% 1st Quarter +2.2% +3.9% +8.7% +10.9% +17.9% +6.3% +5.1% +0.9% +5.6% +14.6% +7.8% +17.0% +8.1%

April +0.7% +4.2% +8.9% +11.9% +18.8% +8.0% +12.2% +0.5% +9.6% +20.8% +12.1% +7.4% +2.1% May +0.3 +2.4% +6.3% +8.6% +17.5% +7.3% +8.7% -2.5% +6.2% +17.8% +12.7% +9.9% -4.2% June +1.3% +1.8% +8.6% +7.6% +22.2% +7.6% +7.5% +3.4% +1.9% +14.7% +11.6% +8.0% -1.0%

2nd Quarter +0.8% +2.7% +7.9% +9.1% +19.5% +7.6% +9.3% +0.4% +5.8% +17.7% +12.1% +8.4% -1.2% July -0.4% +0.2% +10.9% +5.4% +17.8% +9.0% +3.9% +4.4% +6.7% +7.4% +4.6% +13.6% -6.5%

August +0.7% +2.6% +10.4% +7.1% +17.1% +6.6% +5.0% +4.4% +5.4% +9.2% +9.0% 5.7% -5.8% September +1.5% +3.6% +8.9% +7.9% +12.4% +3.7% +1.9% +4.2% +6.1% +9.6% +7.9% +10.5% -0.6% 3rd Quarter +0.5% +2.1% +10.1% +6.8% +15.9% +6.4% +3.7% +4.3% +6.1% +8.7% +7.2% +9.9% -4.6%

October +3.7% +3.2% +7.5% +8.3% +13.9% +8.4% +3.5% +4.6% +8.0% +7.5% +7.2% +5.5% +5.2%

2007

November +5.0% +7.7% +6.1% +8.0% +15.9% +11.0% +5.7% +5.7% +10.8% +4.2% +8.4% +9.1% +0.8% Source: Transport Canada and individual airports’ traffic reports. N/A: not available at press time. Note: Subject to revision.



NEWS ARTICLESAIR CANADA UPDATE AIR CANADA ADDS 777-300ER

Air Canada has signed a 10-year

lease for a new 777-300ER from International Lease Finance Corporation to continue its wide-body fleet renewal and modernisation program. The carrier will receive the aircraft in April 2009 bringing its total fleet of 777s to 18. The carrier has completed agreements with Boeing for the further acquisition of up to 34 777s, as well as 60 787 Dreamliners, and the option to add 23 other aircraft.

AIR CANADA EXPANDS SERVICE BETWEEN SAINT JOHN, MONTRÉAL, OTTAWA Air Canada announced the launch of same-plane service between Saint John and Ottawa, along with the dedication of larger aircraft for morning flights between Saint John and Montréal, where the 50-seat Dash 8-300 will replace the 37-seat aircraft currently in use.

AIR CANADA INTRODUCES YEAR-ROUND CHARLOTTETOWN-OTTAWA SERVICE Air Canada announced that beginning 1 May 2008, it will launch daily year-round, non-stop service between Charlottetown and Ottawa. All flights will be operated with a 50-seat CRJ. This summer, Air Canada will be offering up to 11 daily flights from Prince Edward Island, with up to four daily flights to Halifax, three flights to Montréal, three flights to Toronto, and one flight to Ottawa.

AIR CANADA INTRODUCES YELLOWKNIFE-VANCOUVER SERVICE Air Canada introduced the launch of a daily, non-stop service between Yellowknife and Vancouver, from 1 December 2007 to 4 April 2008. The flight will be operated by a 50-seat CRJ.

AIR CANADA RESTARTS DAILY CANADA-AUSTRALIA SERVICES Air Canada has reintroduced daily non-stop service between Vancouver and Sydney, Australia, as well as daily same plane, one-stop service between Toronto and Sydney. The service is being operated by a 777-300ER aircraft and beginning in February 2008, a new 777-200LR.

AIR CANADA PARTNERS WITH CORSAIRFLY Air Canada and Corsairfly announced a commercial partnership to strengthen the travel market between Canada and France. Corsairfly will begin twice-weekly service between Paris Orly and Québec City on 7 June 2008 and between Paris Orly and Halifax on 25 June 2008. Both services will use A330-200 aircraft. Corsairfly will operate year-round non-stop flights up to twice daily on the Paris CDG-Montréal route and up to daily on the Paris CDG-Toronto route.

JAZZ TO EXPAND CHARTER SERVICES Air Canada Jazz has announced expansion of its charter services with the delivery of two Dash 8-300

aircraft. These additions will increase the number of aircraft dedicated to Jazz’s Charter Division to three. The new aircraft will be ready to operate by March 2008.

WESTJET UPDATE WESTJET PARTNERS WITH HUDSON’S BAY West Jet is now an approved airline for the Hudson’s Bay Company, including The Bay, Zellers, and Home Outfitters. It will provide domestic and transborder transportation to the retailer. Services rendered will include transportation and group services to all of its business travellers.



NEWS ARTICLES WESTJET UPDATE - CON’T WESTJET INTRODUCES SERVICE TO MEXICO & THE CARIBBEAN WestJet has launched non-stop seasonal services to nine new international vacation destinations. The new routes include Toronto to Puerto Plata (Dominican Republic) on Tuesdays and Fridays, Toronto to Punta Cana (Dominican Republic) on Thursdays and Sundays, Toronto to St. Lucia on Sundays, Calgary to Cabo San Lucas (Mexico) on Thursdays and Sundays, Calgary to Mazatlan (Mexico) on Saturdays, Edmonton to Cabo San Lucas (Mexico) on Fridays, Edmonton to Mazatlan (Mexico) on Saturdays, and Vancouver to Cabo San Lucas (Mexico) on Saturdays. These routes will run until mid-May.

OTHER CANADIAN AIRLINE NEWS GO TRAVEL DIRECT INTRODUCES MONTRÉAL-ORLANDO SERVICE

Canadian tour operator Go Travel Direct announced the introduction of service between

Montréal and Orlando, Florida. The new service will run from 14 February to 20 March. All flights will be operated by Zoom Airlines.

CANJET ADDS AIRCRAFT, PROVIDES SEAT SELECTION

CanJet Airlines has added two new 189-seat 737-800 aircraft to its fleet.

These aircraft will service Québec City and Montréal originating flights during the winter charter season. The airline will also introduce advance seat selection for flights operated by its tour operator partners. This service will enable passengers to select seats prior to flights via the air carrier’s website.

SKYSERVICE INTRODUCES 757 WINGLETS

Skyservice Airlines announced the introduction of a 757 to

its fleet. The aircraft has improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions due to blended winglets, which add 10 feet of wingspan to the aircraft. Annually, the aircraft will save more than 360,000 litres of fuel and 765 tonnes of CO2 emissions.

SUNWING ADDS 737 AIRCRAFT TO FLEET, EXPANDS SERVICES

Sunwing Airlines announced the addition of three 737

aircraft, bringing its fleet to nine for the winter season. The airline will use its new aircraft to expand routes, including its new western departure gateways. Sunwing recently increased service from Ottawa and Québec City and added a seasonal weekly Toronto-Barbados flight, to operate until March 2008.

U.S. AIRLINES NEWS AMR ANNOUNCES DIVESTMENT OF AMERICAN EAGLE

American Airlines’ parent company, AMR, announced its plans to

divest subsidiary airline, American Eagle. This divestment will enable American to focus on its mainline business.

NORTHWEST ANNOUNCES THREE NON-STOP DAILY LONDON, UK SERVICES

Northwest and KLM recently announced the introduction of non-stop service between London Heathrow and Detroit, Minneapolis/ St. Paul and Seattle. These routes will be served daily, beginning May 1st. Existing Detroit-Gatwick service will continue.



NEWS ARTICLES U.S. AIRLINES NEWS – CON’T FRONTIER INTRODUCES LYNX

Frontier Airlines announced the introduction of Lynx, a regional subsidiary. The

subsidiary will serve destinations within 750 miles of Denver. Lynx expected to begin operating with 10 Bombardier turboprops in December, 2007. Meanwhile, Frontier announced the cancellation of several underperforming routes and the addition of capacity to top performing ones, beginning in January. All mainline routes are to be operated by A318s and A319s.

CARGO NEWS CARGOJET INTRODUCES 767-200ER

AIRCRAFT TO FLEET Cargojet announced plans to

add two 767-200ER freighter aircraft to its fleet. The air carrier will add the aircraft in the second and third quarters of 2008. CargoJet will be the first Canadian airline to operate this freighter, which is longer range and more fuel efficient that the previous generation of the aircraft. Cargojet will use the freighters to expand its international markets and improve its overnight service delivery to domestic markets.

AIRTRAN DROPS CARGO SERVICES AirTran announced that it will leave the air cargo business due to rising fuel and security costs.

The airline will continue its passenger operations.

EMBRAER DELIVERS 169 AIRCRAFT IN 2007

Embraer announced that its total delivery of aircraft for 2007 reached a record 169. The

number of deliveries was up 30% over 2006. The company acknowledged employee hiring and scheduling changes for its increase in output. Embraer forecasts deliveries in 2008 to be between 195 and 200 aircraft.

DHL CONTEMPLATES FATE OF U.S. EXPRESS SERVICE

DHL’s German parent company Deutsche Post announced that it

will discuss plans for the unit on 6 March 2008. The subsidiary’s profits in the U.S. market have been lagging such competitors as FedEx and UPS. Investment analysts Bear Stearns and Morgan Stanley have both advised the company to downsize operations in the U.S. Deutsche Post has responded to this industry speculation by maintaining that it remains committed to its U.S. operations.

PEOPLE IN THE NEWS TRANSPORTATION APPEAL TRIBUNAL OF CANADA APPOINTS NEW MEMBERS

The Honourable Lawrence Cannon, Minister of Transport,

Infrastructure and Communities, announced that Mr. Barrie LePitre and Ms. Elizabeth MacNab have been appointed members of the Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada (TATC). Both will serve the TATC on a part-time basis for the next four years.

AIR CANADA INTRODUCES CHANGES TO BOARD Air Canada recently announced changes to its Board of Directors. Mr. David Richardson has been appointed Chairman, replacing Mr. Robert Milton. Mr. Robert G. Long, FCA, will join the board of directors, while Mr. Richard McCoy and Mr. John McLennan will be stepping down from the board.

David Richardson



NEWS ARTICLES PEOPLE IN THE NEWS - CON’T JAZZ ANNOUNCES BOARD CHANGES

Jazz Air Income Fund, Jazz Air Trust, and Jazz Air Holding GP Inc. announced

changes in both the Board of Directors and Board of Trustees. Mr. Sydney John Isaacs has been appointed to the Board of Directors. Robert Milton has retired as Chairman, while Bernard Attali, Pierre Marc Johnson and David Richardson have stepped down from their positions on the Board of Directors and Martin Yontef stepped down from his position on the Board of Trustees.

AIRTRAN ANNOUNCES NEW CEO ROBERT FORNARO AirTran announced the promotion of its new CEO Robert Fornaro, who previously served as the company President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Fornaro takes over for Joe Leonard, outgoing CEO, who will remain Chairman of AirTran.

YHZ APPOINTS NEW CEO TOM RUTH The Halifax International Airport Authority announced last week the appointment of its new President and CEO, Tom Ruth. Mr. Ruth has held management positions within

the airline industry for both Canadian North and Northwest.

OTHER KINGFISHER PROPOSES DEHLI-YVR FLIGHTS B.C. Premier Gordon Campbell announced that Kingfisher Airlines will introduce non-stop Delhi-Vancouver service. Flights are to commence as soon as possible. This new service will provide time savings in travel from Vancouver to India, reduced from 25 to 15 hours. India was the second greatest source of new immigrants to B.C. in 2006.

MEXICANA ADDS CALGARY-MEXICO CITY SERVICE Mexicana Airlines announced that year-round, non-stop service between Calgary and Mexico City will begin 1 June 2008. Flights will take place four times per week, serviced by an Airbus 319 aircraft.

YVR ANNOUNCES SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS

The Vancouver International Airport

Authority announced changes to improve passenger and visitor services at YVR. The changes are in the areas of customer care, communication, safety and security, and medical response. Examples of the new services include the addition of 24-hour Customer Care, 24-hour medical response, translation services, messaging service from Customs to public greeting area, larger signage, and public safety patrols.

YYZ TEAM ASSISTS WITH OPENING SERVICES AT HEATHROW The Facility Activation Team of the Greater Toronto Airports Authority was appointed to assist BAA with the 27 March opening of Terminal 5 at London Heathrow. The team is a consulting group that arose during the opening of YYZ’s Terminal 1 in 2004.

AIR NZ INTRODUCES IN-FLIGHT CONCIERGE SERVICE

Air New Zealand announced the launch of its new in-

flight International Airline Concierge service. The service will commence in April, and will be offered on the airline’s Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Vancouver routes to Auckland. The service will provide travel advisors, disruption managers, and loyalty and destination experts.


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mailto:[email protected]

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CARGO CAPERS January 2008

Building Canada: Modern Infrastructure for a Strong Canada. Now don’t get me wrong – I think it is great that the Government of Canada has developed an infrastructure plan and committed $33 billion for infrastructure development. After all, one of the criticisms that has regularly been levelled at the government is that it does not provide enough support for infrastructure – looking at it as an expense rather than an investment. So this is an important step to reversing a long-held negative attitude towards infrastructure. (Interestingly, the government itself in the plan refers to it as a “historic” initiative.) So I have to give credit to the government for this important step.


Furthermore, I am heartened by the strong recognition that modern infrastructure is fundamental to a strong Canada, and that the transportation of cargo plays a key role in this. The Plan states that this initiative “will support the quality and level of public infrastructure that Canada requires to keep pace with the demands of a changing world – a world of competitive global trade, increasing urbanisation and pronounced environmental realities.” The placement of trade at the head of the list suggests the government is serious about moving good to, from and through Canada.

Robert Andriulaitis Vice President,

Transportation & Logistics Studies

Hmm.. but aren’t airports considered modern infrastructure? However, nothing is perfect. While there is much to commend in the document, it is rather disappointing when you realize Canada’s major airports are not even on the radar screen! The report states that Canada is the most trade-dependent nation among the G7, and goes on to discuss the pressures the growing Canada-U.S. trade flows have on the major corridors and border crossings. But if that wasn’t clear enough, it goes on to say: “The ports that link Canadians to their world customers – major border crossings between Canada and the United States, the highways, rail lines, and waterways that connect all points of the transportation system – are all key assets that must meet current and future demands. However many of these assets are already strained, and the economic importance of boosting their capacity cannot be overstated, especially given that Canada’s international trade continues to grow at impressive rates.” Road, rail and marine infrastructure are acknowledged as key – but no mention is made of airports or air navigation systems.

Now it may be that the government recognizes the tremendous job Canada’s airport authorities and NavCanada have done in modernizing and expanding the badly neglected facilities they inherited from Transport Canada, and has concluded that federal money is not required. Even if that were to be accepted (and subsidizing three modes of transport at the expense of another mode is not good economics) – then there is still much the government could do to with airport policy to advance the competitiveness agenda that comes through so strongly in the report. Canadian airports are key pieces of infrastructure that are in competition with U.S. airports for origin/destination and gateway traffic. Addressing ground rent, PILT, GST, fuel taxes, the inability to issue tax-free bonds, and restrictive air service agreements would go a long way to levelling the playing field between those airports just north of the border and those just south.


THE CARIBBEAN REPORT January 2008

Canadian airline and hotel group agree on Caribbean venture Transat A.T. Inc., owner of charter carrier Air Transat, will invest $55 million for a 35% percent stake in a joint venture with Barcelona-based Corporacion H10 Hotels SL to operate five hotels in the Dominican Republic and Mexico. The company intends to own hotels in its "prime destinations" to leverage its 900,000 package-a-year tour operator business. Transat expects to add a hotel every 18 months.

Air liberalisation expanding in the region Several Caribbean nations recently signed new air service agreements with Latin American and European countries. The UK and Antigua and Barbuda signed a new agreement that allows Antigua to designate carriers from any CARICOM nation, while the UK can designate any UK carrier. Civil aviation authorities from Chile and the Dominican Republic signed an open skies agreement. Jamaica and Brazil signed an air services agreement that allows for code sharing alliances among designated airlines in both countries.

Jacqueline Clarke Manager,

Strategic Development Fight for market share continues to move off-shore The battle between U.S. low cost and network carriers for market share continues in the Caribbean. Delta recently announced an additional service to Antigua, while AA has added two direct services per week to St. Kitts and three direct services per week to St. Lucia from its hub at JFK. JetBlue will begin a new daily service between Orlando and Santo Domingo, the carrier’s first international service from its Orlando hub, in March 2008.

New competition in the region A new airline based in St. Kitts launched operations last month. Initially, SKN Air Express will offer charter flights but intends to switch to scheduled operations by the end of the year. The current fleet includes two 32-seat Dornier aircraft and will be expanded to four Dornier and one Boeing 767 providing approvals for regional service are received.

In Jamaica, an Irish consortium’s application to operate the Caribbean’s first low-cost carrier has been rejected, the group has been encouraged to wait until Air Jamaica’s divestment is completed. The Airone Group’s application called for the airline to be based at the Norman Manley International Airport but they indicated that Barbados is an alternative if the decision is not reversed within 12 months. The business plan suggests that venture has raised US$30 million from private investors, will create 200 new jobs and may operate up to18 flights to Fort Lauderdale and New York, initially with five 737s and expanding to eight aircraft in two years.

Airport Development in the Southern Caribbean The governments of Grenada and St. Vincent and the Grenadines are aggressively pursuing improved air access to their destinations. In the multi-island nation of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, two major airport development programs are on schedule for completion in 2011 and 2008. The new Argyle International Airport on St. Vincent will feature a 50,000 square-foot terminal and a 9,000-foot runaway, able to accommodate a range of jets including the B767. The four-year, US$178 million project will herald the beginning of international service to the multi-island nation. In Grenada, the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation has submitted a request to the Antigua-based Eastern Caribbean Civil Aviation Authority (ECCAA) to reopen the country's second airport in support of a new hotel development in the north-eastern region of the island. Pearls Airport was closed after the Point Salines International Airport opened in 1984.


THE ASIA REPORT January 2008

Auckland Denies Bid by Canada Pension Plan Investment Board Auckland Airport has not accepted the $1.4 billion bid by the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB) for a 40% stake in the airport. Chairman of the Board, Tony Frankham, indicated that the offer would not give shareholders proper value. The airport has been looking for a partner that would bring additional airport expertise and tourism opportunities to complement the existing management team. In the case of CPPIB, with little direct airport experience, and as a passive investor, it would not be able to actively contribute to the airport’s growth strategy.


Doris Mak Manager, Special Projects

Star Alliance Expands in Asia On 12 December 2007, Air China and Shanghai Airlines officially joined the Star Alliance. Star Alliance now includes a total of 19 airlines serving nearly 900 destinations in 160 countries, offering 17,000 daily flights. In addition, Air India’s application for membership in the alliance was accepted and the airline will be future member of the Star Alliance. Work to integrate Air India into the alliance has begun.

Vietnam Approves First Privately Owned Airline The Government of Vietnam presented VietJet Air, the country’s first privately owned airline, with its official operating certificate on 12 December 2007. The airline plans to begin domestic air services in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang. Future regional air service expansion may include air operations to Hong Kong, Singapore and cities in Southern China.

Hainan Airlines to Use A330 on Beijing-Seattle Service Hainan Airlines recently took possession of an A330 that the airline will use to launch its Beijing – Seattle service on 8 June 2008 in advance of the Beijing Summer Olympics. The start of the new service in June is expected to give the airline enough time to work out start-up issues prior to the start of the Olympics in August 2008.

Chinese Airlines 11-month Profit Triples in 2007 Chinese airlines collectively recorded an 11-month profit in 2007 of 17 billion yuan ($2.4 billion CDN$), triple the amount posted in the same time period in 2006. Passenger volume in 2007 was up 16% over 2006, while cargo revenue tonne kilometres rose 13%.


EUROPE REPORT January 2008

EU Concerns Over Slot Allocation After assessing the amended slot allocation regulations that have been in place in Europe since 2004, the European Commission has expressed concerns about the neutrality and independence of airport slot coordinators. The EC noted that there have been improvements in the use of scarce airport capacity; however, concerns remain about market access and the efficient use of slots. The Commission noted that the amended regulation is not sufficient to deal with the increasing congestion at European airports, and is examining further options for improving slot allocations.

EU Ministers Finalise Liberalisation Regulations

John Weatherill

Europe’s Transport Ministers have agreed on revised content and text for the “third package” of European aviation liberalisation, which has been in place since 1992. The revisions clarify rules for routes where air services are offered as public service obligations, and introduce stricter requirements for the financial strength of airlines operating in Europe. The revisions are also designed to ensure transparency in airline pricing, requiring airlines to display at all times the final price to be paid (including all taxes, surcharges and fees), in all forms of advertising, including the internet. Any optional expenses (such as travel insurance, priority boarding, etc.) must be offered on an opt-in basis only.

Regional Vice President, InterVISTAS-E.U.

UK Office

MAXjet Files for Chapter 11 While BA Tests the Model After two years of operation, MAXjet has discontinued service and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The all-business-class airline operated flights from London Stansted to New York, Washington and Las Vegas, with five leased 767s. Existing transatlantic business carriers Silverjet and Eos have expressed their continued commitment to the business model, and have seen a boost in loads since MAXjet’s demise.

Meanwhile, British Airways has announced that it will begin its own transatlantic 757 service focused primarily on business class passengers. The aircraft will be configured with 82 seats in a mixture of premium (64%) and economy (36%) classes. Initial routes include New York JFK to Brussels and Paris CDG. The new operation will be called “Open Skies”. It will be operated as a standalone entity, but will have access to BA’s lounges and frequent flyer program.

EC Progresses Cargo Antitrust Investigation The European Commission has issued statements of objection to a number of major air carriers as the latest step in an ongoing investigation into alleged anti-competitive setting of cargo fuel surcharges. The statements, which the EC cautioned do “not prejudge the final outcome of the procedure”, were sent to airlines that allegedly participated in the cartel, including Air Canada, British Airways, Air France-KLM, Cathay Pacific, All Nippon, Japan Airlines, Air New Zealand, Singapore Airlines, Cargolux and SAS. Airlines found guilty of participation can be heavily fined.


OTTAWA REPORT January 2008

Canada and the EU Commence Open Skies Negotiations The Honourable Lawrence Cannon, and the Honourable David Emerson, announced the first round of negotiations for an Open Skies air transport agreement between Canada and the European Union on 27 November 2007. Currently, Canada has existing bilateral agreements with 19 of the 27 European Union member states. Achieving an Open Skies agreement with the EU would unify Canada’s air transport relations with all 27 EU member states, allowing any Canadian or EU carrier to operate between any two points in the two markets and removing various restrictions on capacity, frequency and pricing.

Canada-Mexico Bilateral Amendments Improve Air Service Flexibility

Martin Copeland Minister Cannon and Minister Emerson also announced amendments to Canada’s air bilateral transport agreement with Mexico, effective 14 December 2007. The new air service arrangements between the two countries allow expanded market access choices and greater pricing flexibility for both Canadian and Mexican air carriers operating passenger, combination, and all-cargo services. Delegations of both countries have arranged to discuss the next steps of air service modernisation and liberalisation in 2009.

Senior Vice President, Aviation

Canada Seeks Exemption for all Canadian overflights from U.S. In response to the U.S. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) by the Department of Homeland Security on the Secure Flight Program, the Canadian Government has submitted official comments urging the U.S. to grant an exemption on all flights between Canada and a third nation overflying the U.S. The currently proposed U.S. Secure Flight program only exempts Canadian domestic overflights. As part of the official comments, Canada expressed concerns that the proposed program would affect the privacy of Canadian travelers and suggests that the risk of overflights be mitigated through effective security practices and continued security cooperation between Canada and the U.S.

Canadian Government Amends Aviation Safety Regulations Minister Cannon announced further amendments to the Canadian Aviation Regulations to improve safety in the aviation sector through increased accountability by air service operators. Under these amendments, airports and organisations operating in the air service industry are required to set up safety management systems and appoint executives to be responsible for safety. Air service operators are given the flexibility to integrate safety into operating procedures based on their knowledge of regular daily operations. This means that organisations can continuously identify hazards in the workplace and implement changes on a day to day basis to determine a safety management system that is most effective for its regulatory framework.

Canadian Government Enhances Airport Emergency Response Minister Cannon introduced new regulatory amendments that require all certified Canadian airports to abide to certain criteria when developing and testing emergency response plans. The criteria include outlining of potential emergency scenarios and potential solutions associated with each scenario, as well as listing possible airport and organisations that can assist in case of an emergency. The plans must also include aircraft crash charts for the aircraft types operated at the airport.

Zoom Airlines Announces Scheduled Canada-Italy Service Minister Cannon announced that Zoom Airlines has been designated to operate scheduled flights between Canada and Italy, effective 8 January 2008, as a result of the existing air bilateral transport agreement between the two countries.


WASHINGTON REPORT January 2008

DOT Selects Carriers to Inaugurate 2009 U.S.-China Services U.S. Transportation Secretary Mary E. Peters announced the new U.S.-China service for 2009. Beginning late March 2009, US Airways will commence its first China air services (between Philadelphia and Beijing), American receives an additional daily Chicago and Beijing service, Continental will operate an additional daily flight between Newark/New York and Shanghai, and Northwest will operate an additional service on Detroit-Shanghai. The awards result from the U.S.-China agreement made in July 2007 to double the number of daily flights between the two countries over the next five years. The final decision of the U.S. Department of Transportation confirms a tentative decision that was made in a September 25 show-cause order.

New National Policy Expands Capacity and Lowers Airport Congestion

Jon Ash

President InterVISTAS-ga2 Consulting Inc. Washington, D.C.

Secretary Peters recently introduced a new national policy that allows airports to set airline fees based on the time of day of the airline’s scheduled flight and the associated traffic volumes. These changes to the Federal Aviation Authority’s Policy on Airport Rates and Charges, provide an incentive for air carriers to spread their flights more evenly throughout the day thereby allowing U.S. airports to expand capacity and lower congestion levels. According to Secretary Peters, this means that airports can serve more passengers, reduce delays, and alleviate the need for federal government intervention, according to Secretary Peters. The new initiative also allows airport operators to distribute revenues collected in landing fees among the multiple facilities that they may operate. For instance, landing fees accumulated from LaGuardia, Newark and JFK, could be provided to Stewart Airport to improve and attract more passengers to this underused airport. Before the proposed policy change is finalised, it is open to public comment for 45 days, from when the announcement was made 14 January 2008.

DOT Takes Steps to Reduce Airline Delays U.S. carriers have taken action to fix chronically delayed flights to avoid possible penalties of up to $25,000 per violation. DOT’s actions are part of an investigation launched by the Department in May 2007 to determine whether airlines were engaged in “unrealistic advertising practices by publishing schedules for flights that almost never operate on time.” Out of 20 U.S. carriers that were investigated, DOT advised 15 airlines to take corrective action. So far, some of the steps already taken by airlines to reduce the number of chronically delayed flights include altering flight routes, expanding flight crews and increasing the number of available aircraft.

DOT Implements Hazmat Rule Restricting Lithium Batteries on Flights DOT announced new federal safety rules that place restrictions on carrying lithium batteries in checked luggage, beginning 1 January 2008. Passengers can no longer pack loose lithium batteries in checked luggage. However, passengers will be allowed to carry lithium batteries that are already installed in electronic devices and an additional two extended-life spare rechargeable lithium batteries in plastic bags in their carry-on baggage. DOT implemented this rule in response to various safety tests that were conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration, suggesting that lithium batteries can overheat and ignite under certain conditions.

U.S. Government Changes Pilots Age Limitations on Domestic Flights The Fair Treatment for Experienced Pilots Act was recently enacted by the U.S. Government, allowing both pilots on a domestic flight to be up to 65 years of age. Under the Act, at least one pilot must be under the age 60 for international flights. All pilots over the age of 60 must undertake and pass two medical tests per year. This act is taken into effect immediately.


ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT January 2008

EU Emissions Trading Scheme Update November 13, 2007. The European Parliament (EP) voted to include aviation in the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS), with all intra-EU and intercontinental flights included simultaneously in 2011. The EC had earlier proposed that intra-EU flights would be covered from 2011, while intercontinental flights would be included from 2012. The EP set the cap on CO2 emissions at 90% of average emissions from the period 2004-2006, compared to 100% in earlier proposals. The EC also voted to increase the proportion of emission credits to be auctioned to 25% and to include government flights in the scheme.

Joe Kelly

Director, Environmental Services

December 20, 2007. The EU Environmental Council agreed to compromise on details regarding the inclusion of aviation into the EU ETS. Under the amended proposal, intra-EU and intercontinental flights would be included in the ETS simultaneously in 2012, one year later than planned. The emissions cap would be set at 100% of average emissions from the period 2004-2006, instead of 90%. Carriers would receive 90% of this allotment for free, while the remaining 10% would be purchased through auction. Military, some government, and airlines operating under 730 flights annually would be excluded from the ETS. The proposal faces criticism from environmentalists and the EP as too soft, by airlines as too expensive, and by the U.S. in terms of its legality. Under the Co-decision procedure, the EP must agree to the amendments made by the Environmental Council during the second reading in 2008.

Coalition Urges EPA to Regulate Aircraft Emissions A coalition of environmental groups, states and regional governments filed petitions to urge the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from aircraft under the Clean Air Act. The EPA plans to review the petitions, but said the U.S. government has already invested more than $37 billion in climate change science, technology and tax incentive programs.

Continental Launches Online Carbon Offset Calculator Continental Airlines is setting up a “calculator-based” carbon offsetting program to offer customers the opportunity to make donations to compensate for the greenhouse gas emissions generated from their trip. Passengers can enter their itinerary into the calculator to determine the carbon footprint and offset cost. “Other U.S. airlines have worked with environmental groups to offer donation programs for tree planting, but ours is the first actual carbon offset calculator among U.S. airlines,” a Continental spokeswoman said.

Virgin Atlantic Launches First Onboard Carbon Offset Program Virgin Atlantic is offering passengers the opportunity to offset their carbon emissions by making donations to greenhouse gas reduction projects in India and Indonesia. Unique to the Virgin Atlantic program is the opportunity for passengers to participate onboard, as well as online.


HEATHROW TERMINAL 5 January 2008

On March 27 at 4PM GMT, Heathrow Terminal 5 will open for business with an inaugural flight from Hong Kong. Over the last two years, this has been the largest construction project in Europe and has been completed on-time and on-budget (albeit a budget of £4.3 billion, all privately financed). Terminal 5 has a capacity of 35 million annual passengers, which means it could accommodate all the passengers at Gatwick (the UK’s second largest airport) or all the traffic at Toronto and Hamilton Airports combined. On its own, it would be Europe’s 7th largest airport (if operated at capacity).1


Ian Kincaid

However, this doesn’t mean that Heathrow will be able to accommodate an additional 35 million passengers immediately. For one thing, the airport currently handles in the region of 68 million passengers despite having a design capacity of less than 50 million passengers; for another, its runways are operating at close to full capacity. The main benefit of Terminal 5 in the short term will be to reduce the chronic over-crowding at the airport and enable BAA (the owner and operator of Heathrow) to upgrade other parts of the airport. Following the opening of Terminal 5, BAA has plans to demolish Terminal 2, replacing it with the Terminal East on the site and expand Terminal 3. Director, Economic Analysis,

InterVISTAS-E.U. UK Office Terminal 5 has been designed to provide a very different experience to the cramped and dark

conditions in Terminals 1 to 4. Glass walls on all four sides (as well as a partially glass roof) will allow natural light into all parts of the terminal (the design borrows liberally from Norman Foster’s ground-breaking design of Stansted airport, also owned by BAA). The terminal is also designed to minimise walking times to the gate, a relief to Heathrow users who sometimes have to walk for 20 minutes to reach their gate. As BAA is renowned for, the terminal has extensive retail facilities – over 115 retail outlets including high-end names such as Prada, Gucci and Tiffany, as well as eateries ranging from Krispy Kreme Doughnuts to a signature restaurant by celebrity chef Gordon Ramsey. BAA are also keen to promote the green credentials of the terminal, for example, waste heat from the Heathrow power stations will provide 85% of the heating at Terminal 5 and rainwater harvesting and groundwater boreholes are being used for non-potable uses, reducing the demand on the mains water supply by 70%.

However, to enjoy Terminal 5 you will need to book a flight with British Airways as the terminal will be for the airline’s exclusive use. British Airways is planning on transferring approximately 90% of its Heathrow services to Terminal 5; a few services to Australia, Asia and Europe will operate out of Terminal 3.

In the longer term, the next stage for Heathrow will be a third runway and a sixth terminal, bringing capacity to around 115 million annual passengers (bigger than the total air market in Canada today). However, if this does happen it will likely be a long time coming due to strong resistance from local residents and certain environmental groups. From design to construction, Terminal 5 took nearly 20 years to be completed (only six years which involved construction). The public enquiry for Terminal 5 lasted a record breaking 46 months and cost over £70 million. Expect the planning process for a third runway at Heathrow to set some new records.

1 Based on passenger volumes, Heathrow is currently the largest airport in Europe, and the third largest worldwide after Atlanta and Chicago O’Hare.


INTERVISTAS NEWS Sandra Stoddart-Hansen Joins InterVISTAS as Executive Consultant InterVISTAS is pleased to announce that Sandra Stoddart-Hansen has joined as an Executive Consultant. In addition to her consulting background, Ms. Stoddart-Hansen brings industry experience at the executive level in government relations, human resources and management. Her public service work included senior management roles with the Aviation Group of Transport Canada, as Director General with the Federal Department of Justice and as Vice President, Human Resources for the BC Children’s Hospital. Her private sector experience includes being the Vice President and General Manager for Hill and Knowlton’s Vancouver office where she assisted clients with the design and implementation of integrated government and public communications programs and President of Alpha Aviation Inc., which managed the Boundary Bay Airport.

James Tansey Joins InterVISTAS as an Executive Consultant in Environmental Management InterVISTAS is pleased to announce that Dr. James Tansey has joined as an Executive Consultant in the environmental practice. Dr. Tansey has expertise in sustainability assessment, risk management and communication, qualitative data analysis, and the social determinants of health and carbon markets. He has published over thirty articles and chapters and has founded several for profit and not-for-profit enterprises. He was elected as a member of the Royal Society for the Arts (UK) in 2007. He holds a PhD in Environmental Sciences and is Chair in Business Ethics at the University of British Columbia.

Hadi Dowlatabadi Joins InterVISTAS as an Executive Consultant in Environmental Management InterVISTAS is pleased to announce that Dr. Hadi Dowlatabadi has joined as an Executive Consultant in the environmental practice. Dr. Dowlatabadi has over 25 years experience in energy and environment issues. He is active in design of climate policy, R&D of greenhouse gas emission reductions and development of effective adaptations to climate change. He is internationally recognised for developing new methods in environment systems analysis, characterisation of risk and uncertainties and design of robust strategies when risks and uncertainties cannot be resolved. He has studied drivers, impacts and solutions to climate change since 1990. He holds a PhD in Physics.

Laura Patrick Joins InterVISTAS as an Associate Consultant in Environmental Management InterVISTAS is pleased to announce that Laura Patrick has joined as an Associate Consultant in the environmental practice. Ms. Patrick is a professional geoscientist with over 20 years of experience assisting public and private sector clients in the aviation and utilities industries. Her work experience includes environmental impact assessments, spill prevention and response, contaminated site management, environmental management systems and environmental auditing. She specializes in identifying environmental risks and developing practical environmental management solutions to improve environmental performance. She has a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology.


INTERVISTAS NEWS – CON’T Jacqueline Clarke Appointed Manager, Strategic Development InterVISTAS is pleased to announce the appointment of Jacqueline Clarke to the position of Manager, Strategic Development. With this appointment, Jacqueline will join the Development Economics (DEV) practice. As Manager, Strategic Development, she will be responsible for project management and marketing DEV products. She will also provide support on tourism projects for the Destinations and Customer Experience (DCE) practice, continue to assist with Strategic Planning (SPL) projects, and market InterVISTAS Caribbean opportunities.

Aaron Beeson Joins InterVISTAS’ Vancouver Office InterVISTAS is pleased to announce that Aaron Beeson has joined InterVISTAS’ Vancouver office as a Project Analyst. Aaron, who has a BA in Economics from the University of Victoria, joins the company after having worked for one year in Europe. His experience includes being the Deputy Executive Secretary for the European Rail Circle and a Consultant with the Prisma Consulting Group, an affiliate firm of InterVISTAS based in Brussels, Belgium. Aaron will provide support across all Practices, however he will primarily provide support to the Planning, Borders & Security (PBS) and the Logistics, Economics & Regulatory Services (LER) Practices.



INTERVISTAS NEWS – CON’T InterVISTAS Upcoming Speaking Engagements Dr. Mike Tretheway, Executive Vice President, Marketing & Chief Economist • ACI-NA Marketing and Communications Conference and JumpStart® Air Service

Development Program: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – 23 June 2008 Dr. Tretheway will be delivering a presentation titled, “State of the Aviation Industry.”

• Canadian Transportation Research Forum Annual Meeting: Fredericton, New Brunswick – 2 June 2008 Dr. Tretheway will be delivering a presentation titled “Essential Priorities for Canada’s Air Transport System.”

Paul Ouimet, Executive Vice President, Business & Strategic Planning • ACPA 7th Annual Port/ Government Interface Conference: Ottawa – 27 February

2008 • Mr. Ouimet will be delivering a presentation titled “Trade Corridors and Gateways:

More than the Pacific.”

Mark Haneke, Vice President, Network and Strategic Planning • AAAE/ Great Lakes National Air Service Conference: San Antonio, Texas – 24-26

February 2008 Mr. Haneke has been invited to participate on an air service development forum panel.

Ian Kincaid, Director, Economic Analysis • Aviation Outlook 2008 – Northern Europe: Malmo, Sweden – 5 February 2008

Mr. Kincaid will be delivering a presentation titled, “Forecasting the Strategic Direction of the Airport.”

Howard Mann, Director, Policy and Market Analysis

InterVISTAS’ Canadian Aviation Intelligence Report is a collection of information gathered from public sources, such as press releases, media articles, etc., information from confidential sources, and items heard on the street. Thus, some of the information is speculative and may not materialise.

To inquire about advertising opportunities or to provide comments/feedback on the InterVISTAS’ Canadian Aviation Intelligence Report, please contact Rob Beynon at [email protected] or 1-604-717-1864.

To subscribe, please send an email to [email protected]

To unsubscribe, please send an email to [email protected]

• ACI-NA Air Service & Data Planning Seminar: New Orleans – 23 – 25 January 2008 Mr. Mann will be delivering a presentation titled “An Introduction to Working with O&D and T-100 Data Sources”

• Allegiant Airport Conference – Consultant Roundtable: Las Vegas, NV – 6 February 2008 Mr. Mann will be participating in a Q&A roundtable with other air service consultants on airport service development issues.





Wednesday 13 February 2008

6.30 p.m. Reception at the Top Deck of Hamburg Airport, Terminal 2

Shuttle from Grand Elysée Hotel at 6.00 p.m.

After Dinner Speaker from City of Hamburg

Thursday 14 February 2008

9.00 a.m. Opening Remarks

Michael Eggenschwiler, Hamburg Airport, Germany

Welcoming Address

Gunnar Uldall, State Ministry for Economic and Labour Affairs, Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany

Gunnar Heinemann, Gebr. Heinemann, Germany

Session I Non-Aeronautical Revenues: Where do We Go from Here?

9.15 a.m. Chair: Dr. Michael Tretheway, InterVISTAS Consulting, Canada

Presentations:

The Future of Airport Retailing. – Raoul Spanger, Gebr. Heinemann, Germany

Future developments in airport retailing. – Frank Gray, CPI Concession Planning International, UK

How important are commercial revenues to today´s airports? – Dr. Anne Graham, University of Westminster, UK

10.30 a.m. Coffee Break

Session II Challenges in Growing Non-Aeronautical Revenues

11.00 a.m. Chair: Dr. Thomas Immelmann, Hamburg Airport, Germany

Presentations:

Duncan Garrood, BAA International, UK *

How to grow Non-Aviation revenues: Planning, Brands and Spaces. – Alan Thompson,

Portland Design Associates, UK

12.30 noon Lunch

Session III Financing Airports: The Function of Non-Aviation Revenues

2.00 p.m. Chair: Dr. Peter Poungias, Hochtief AirPort, Germany

Presentations:

Markus Hottenrott, Morgan Stanley, UK *

Non-Aeronautical revenues in financing the Toronto Gateway Project. – Dr. Lloyd McCoomb,

Greater Toronto Airport Authority, Canada *

Dr. William Morrison, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada

3.30 p.m. Coffee Break

* requested

+++ Conference languages are English and German (translation provided). +++ Updates: www.hamburg-aviation-conference.de +++

11th Hamburg Aviation Conference

The Future of Airport

Non-Aeronautical Revenues:

Balancing Aviation and Commercial Interests

13 –15 February 2008Grand Elysée Hotel Hamburg, Germany

Conference Programme

In association with

University of British ColumbiaCentre for Transportation Studies

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt

cair issue no. 58 - january 2008

Documents