MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LIVINGS THINGS

CHAPTER 1[MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LIVINGS THINGS]

1.1 Classification of microorganisms MicroorganismCharacteristic

Bacteria

Fungi

Protozoa

Viruses

Algae

Bacteria 1. The classification of bacteria based on their shapes a. Coccus ( spherical)b. ..c. ..d. ..

2. Bacteria are classified as living things as they carry out life process such as ., .,.. and

3. Bacteria reproduce asexually through ..

4. Bacteria reproduce sexually through

5. Bacteria can be classified into three groups based on different types of nutrition obtained: Saprophytism Paratism

Autotrophism

Fungi 1. Fungi are a group of plants which are not green in colour because they do not contain chloroplast. 2. Asexually reproduction of fungi :a) Spore formation

b).

3. Sexually reproduction of fungi is ..4. They obtain their nutrients through and

Protozoa 1. Protozoa are the biggest unicellular microorganism. They show the characteristics of animal. They are classified as 2. Protozoa exist in various shapes such as oval ( ex:) and round ( ex: ..) and also exist in indefinite shapes ( ex: .)

b)f)g)e)d)a)c)

Structure of amoeba

a)b)d)e)f)c)

3. Protozoa obtain their nutrients by carrying out saprophytism ,. and .4. Protozoa multiply througha) asexual reproduction: .. b) sexual reproduction : ..

Viruses 1. Viruses are the smallest microorganism.2. The structure of virus consists of two main parts a. Genetic material ( DNA or RNA)b. Protein coat ( capsid)a)b)

3. Viruses are parasitic as they use substances in living cells of organisms to reproduce. 4. A viruses replicates itself only when it is inside a host cell.

Algae 1. Algae are simple plants which do not have real roots, stems and leaves.2. Algae are found in places which are bright, damp or moist like in soil or on the bark of tree. 3. Algae are .because they can manufacture their own food through photosynthesis. 4. Example of algae :

5. Asexual reproduction of algae :a. ..b. ..c. ..6. Sexual reproduction of algae :a. ..

1.2 Factors that affect the growth of microorganisms

1.3 Useful microorganisms

1.4 Harmful effects of microorganisms PathogenDiseaseMethod of infectionsymptom

Bacteria Tuberculosis

Cholera

Gonorrhea

Syphilis

VirusesCommon cold

Dengue fever

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

AIDS

FungiTinea

Ringworm

ProtozoaMalaria

Dysentery

1.5 Ways to prevent infection caused by microorganisms

1.6 ways to treat disease 1. Some of the disease caused by microorganisms can be treated using antibiotics and .2. Antibiotics are 3. Other methods:a. Vaccines b. Antisera c. Synthetic drugsd. Radiotherapye. Surgery