chapter 9 the travel industry

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CH. 9: THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY

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Page 1: Chapter 9 the travel industry

CH.  9:  THE  TRAVEL  INDUSTRY  

Page 2: Chapter 9 the travel industry

What  is  tourism?  •  “the  ac(vi(es  of  persons  traveling  to  and  staying  in  places  outside  their  usual  environment  for  not  more  than  one  consecu(ve  year  for  leisure,  business,  or  other  purposes”  

•  Types:  •  Domes(c  •  Interna(onal  •  Overnight  •  Same-­‐day  

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Tourism  Industry  •  “Comprised  of  a  loose  network  of  businesses  that  serves  tourism  travelers.”  •  Transporta(on  •  Travel  Agencies  •  Tour  Companies  •  Hospitality  •  Local  Commercial  Recrea(on  

 Operators  

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Motives  and  Attractions  for  Travel    Push  factors:  Forces  within  us  that  mo0vate  us  to  travel.    Health  pursuits    Visit  friends  and  rela(ves            Novelty/change    Escape              Adventure    Rest  and  relaxa(on    Challenge    Pres(ge/ego      Spiritual/religious  Cultural  interest            Business    Search  for  roots/family  heritage  Pleasure  Seeking  Social  interac(on                                                                                        Learn  new  skills    Honeymoon  Physical  ac(vity    Professional  Development      *81%  of  all  trips  are  for  pleasure.    (Samadi,  2011)  

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Pull  factors:    Those  a;rac0ons  that  draw  a  person  once  they  have  the  urge  to  travel.    Businesses  market  these.      Natural  scenic  areas        Sports  par(cipa(on  facili(es    Historic  areas      Educa(onal  events  and  mee(ngs                        Cultural  events        Wildlife  Religious  shrines          Spor(ng  events    Gaming  facili(es    Entertainment  events      Theme  parks      Other  recrea(on  aWrac(ons    Ques0on:  Can  businesses  also  promote  “push  factors”?    

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Barriers  to  Travel    Expense        Lack  of  Time      Health        Lack  of  Skills      Lack  of  Interest    Family  Stage  Security      Lack  of  Informa(on  Lack  of  Travel  Companion    

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 Allocentric  and  Psychocentric    Traveler  Theory    •  Theory  about  types  of  travelers    •  Developed  by  Dr.  Stanley  Plog  (1974)  •  Travelers  fit  somewhere  along  a  con(nuum  from  

psychocentrics  to  allocentrics  based  on  their  travel  preferences  and  behavior  

 _____________________________________________________                      Psychocentrics            Mid-­‐Centrics            Allocentrics  

Page 8: Chapter 9 the travel industry

Allocentric  Travelers  (Venturers)  •  Seek  new  experiences  and  adventure      •  Outgoing  and  self‑confident  •  Higher  income    •  Have  more  educa(onal/cultural  interests  •  Prefer  to  fly  and  to  explore  non-­‐touristy  areas  •  Enjoy  mee(ng  people  from  different  cultures  •  Want  freedom  to  explore  an  area,  choosing  a  

variety  of  ac(vi(es        For  a  tour  package,  many  “allocentrics”  would  like  to  have  the  basics  arranged  (transporta(on  and  lodging),  but  not  be  commiWed  to  a  structured  agenda  

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Psychocentric  Travelers  (Dependables)    

•  More  conserva(vely  oriented      •  Prefer  to  return  to  familiar  travel  des(na(ons                                                    

where  they  can  relax      •  Prefer  to  drive  to  des(na(ons  •  Stay  in  typical  tourist  accommoda(ons  •  Eat  at  family‑type  &  well-­‐known  restaurants  •  Lower  income  than  allocentrics  •  Safety  &  security  are  important    For  a  package  tour,  “psychocentrics”  would  prefer  a  structured  agenda  so  that  they  know  what  to  expect  

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Des0na0ons  &  Trip  Types  Appealing  to  Traveler  Type  

Allocentrics:    •  Backpacking  or  biking  through  Peru  •  Shark  dives  in  Fiji;  stay  in  na(ve  village  “bure”  Mid-­‐Centrics:  •  Ski  trip  to  Copper  Mountain  Colorado  •  Sea  World  &  Disney  World  trip    Psychocentrics:  •  Fishing  vaca(on  at  lakeside  AAA-­‐rated  motel  •  Annual  family  vaca(on  to  grandparents’  house      

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ACtude  vs.  Reality      

•  College  students  and  young  professional  couples  with  infants,  may  be  allocentrics  in  spirit  but  not  be  able  to  afford  an  allocentric-­‐type  vaca(on  

 

•  Therefore,  they  have  mid‑centric  or  psychocentric  vaca(ons  or  save  up  for  a  less  frequent  allocentric‑type  trip  

 

Implica0ons  for  Tourism        •  Des(na(ons  must  market  to  correct  type  of  traveler  •  Must  provide  different  benefits  to  the  different  types      

Ques0on  •  Can  a  tourism  des(na(on  find  ways  to  appeal  to  both  mid-­‐

centrics  and  allocentrics  or  appeal  to  both  mid-­‐centrics  and  psychocentrics?  

   

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Issues  in  Travel  Industry  •  Role  of  government  •  Rural  tourism  development  •  96%  of  the  U.S.  popula(on  lives  on  4%  of  the  land  

•  Tourism  trade  associa(ons  •  Terrorism,  Crime,  &  Safety  •  9/11  caused  a  22%  reduc(on  of  interna(onal  arrivals  to  the  U.S.  

•  Ecotourism