确保优质的产品质量Assuring Premium Product Quality

CNFIA技术交流会，中国 . 鄂尔多斯，2015年7月15日—18日CNFIA Technology Conference, ERDOS CHINA, July 15-18, 2015

Mark Brouwer

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目录 Content

- 概述 Introduction

- - 现有技术 Finishing technologies

- - 尿素成型方式 Various forms of urea

- 尿素产品质量 Urea Product Quality

- - 结块 Caking

- - 强度 Strength

- - 粉尘 Dust

- - 产品污染 Contamination

- - 混合肥再分离 Segregation

- 结论 Conclusions

现有技术Finishing technologies

尿素成型方式Various forms of Urea

高塔造粒装置 (±80% 的工厂)Prilling urea plants (±80% of plants)

• 附近消费

Local consumption

• 较小尺寸Smaller (1.7-2.1 mm)

• 较低强度Lower strength (1 kg/cm2)

现阶段 Finishing sections

流化床造粒装置 (±20% 的工厂)Fluid Bed Granulation urea plants (±20% of plants)

• 出口型工厂Export oriented plants

• 混合肥料配制Mixed fertilizer applications

• 较大尺寸 (典型 3 mm)Large size (typically 3 mm)

• 较高强度Higher strength (3 kg/cm2)

现阶段 Finishing sections

转鼓造粒装置 (±3% 的工厂)Drum Granulation urea plants (±3% of plants)

• 出口型工厂 Export oriented plants

• 混合肥料配制 Mixed fertilizer applications

• 较大尺寸 (典型 3 mm) Large size (typically 3 mm)

• 较高强度 Higher strength (3 kg/cm2)

现阶段 Finishing sections

Bagging/storageE-motor

Product

Exha

ust a

ir

Steel belt (W=1.5 m, L=20-25 m)

CW in

CW out

125 T/D; 99.7 wt%

钢带造粒技术Steel belt granular technology

• 创新技术 Innovative technology

• 规格可选 Size can chosen (1-5 mm)

• 强度介于小颗粒和大颗粒之间 Strength between prills and granules

• 排放少 Less emissions

• 特殊通途 Specialties

现阶段 Finishing sections

专用尿素 Technical urea

• 脲醛树脂 UF resins

• 柴油车尾气处理液 (车用尿素) Ad Blue (SCR)

• 三聚氰胺 Melamine

饲料级尿素 对比 大颗粒 (深度施肥/国际化肥研发中心)Feed grade urea versus large sizes (UDP/IFDC)

现阶段 – 特殊用途 Finishing sections - specialties

尿素产品质量

Urea Product Quality

强度参数 Strength parameters

破碎强度Crushing Strength

抗冲击性能Impact Resistance

抗磨性能Abrasion Resistance

结块 Caking

什么是结块？ What is caking ?

尿素结块是由颗粒间形成晶体键造成的Caking of urea is caused by formation of crystal bonds between particles

结块 Caking

架桥形成很快 Bridges are formed quickly

不同存储时间的架桥粒径尿素, 30℃, 相对湿度70%, 1.6mm, 7.5kPa

存储时间 [h]

架桥粒径

[mm

]

结块 Caking

架桥随时间变强 Bridges become stronger in time

不同存储时间的颗粒间粘合力尿素, 1.6mm, 30℃, 相对湿度70%, 7.5kPa

存储时间 [h]

颗粒间粘合力

[mN

]

结块 Caking

影响结块的因素 Factors influencing caking

产品水分含量 Moisture content (differences) in product

空气相对湿度 Relative humidity of air

温度 Temperature (differences)

游离氨 Free ammonia (differences)

甲醛含量, 颗粒内甲醛含量的变化 Formaldehyde content (differences), formaldehyde

content varies in granule itself

包裹 Coating

粒度分布, 尺寸范围, 均匀度指数 Size distribution, SGN, UI

粉尘含量 Dust content

储存压强 (堆高) Storage pressure

储存时间 Storage time

结块 Caking

相对湿度

[%]

温度 [℃]

■颗粒开始潮解▽结块

※不结块

结块 Caking

结块&粉尘的原因 Caking & Dust causes

wt% water

P

P

T

T free NH3 UF

T

nozzles

T

UF res. time

TVar

.

loadnozzle

T L

结块&粉尘的原因 Caking & Dust causes

物流过程logistic

Procedures

仓储条件conditionsWarehouse

结块&粉尘的原因 Caking & Dust causes

产品质量评定 Product Quality Assessment

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

BeforeAfter

Quality acceptable

Quality not acceptable

customerproducer

质量可接受

质量不可接受

以前现在

生产商 用户

产品污染 Contamination

混合肥的再分离 Segregation problems

装车(堆积效应)

运输(筛分效应)

卸车(撒播效应)

除尘技术 Dedusting Technology

最终解决方案 Final solution : Van Bommel Dedusting Technology

水分含量 : max 0.30% Moisture

缩二脲 : max 1% Biuret

氮含量 : min 46.0% Nitrogen氮含量 = (纯尿素中氮含量 + 缩二脲中氮含量 + 游离氨中氮含量)Nitrogen = (Nitrogen of pure urea + nitrogen from biuret + nitrogen of free NH3)

破碎强度 : 3kg on 3.15mm Crushing strength

粒度分布 Size distribution至少90%在客户/经销商要求的范围内。At least 90% should be in the range of the request of the client/trader. 同时小于1.25mm的颗粒不超过1%。Also max 1% may be smaller than 1.25mm.中国标准2-4.75的是不被国际所接受的。Product from 2-4.75 in Chinese Standard will not be accepted internationally.

甲醛: 自由, 如果客户未要求 Formaldehyde: Free, if not specified by the customer

不结块 / 流动性好 No caking / free flowing

游离氨 : max 150ppm Free ammonia

推荐的尿素产品质量Recommended Urea Granular Quality

结 论

Conclusions

- 尿素市场接近饱和- Urea market will become tighter

- 尿素生产商需优等质量的产品- Urea producers need to assure top quality product

- 水分含量是降低 / 避免结块的关键因素- Moisture content is key to minimize / avoid caking

- 好的质量才能有好的回报 – 价格更优, 损失更小- Top quality product pays back in premium prices and less losses

结论 Conclusions