created by s cox. objectives explain the basic differences between macintosh and windows computers ...
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HARDWARE AND MULTIMEDIA
CHAPTER 4
Created by S Cox
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Objectives Explain the basic differences between Macintosh
and Windows computers Describe what devices are used for entering
information into computer systems Discuss different kinds of input and output
devices for multimedia Compare different kinds of storage devices and
discuss their advantages and disadvantages Describe the computer parts that process data Learn how computers are connected locally and
around the world
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Learning About Computers PCs are computers that can be:
• Used by individuals at home, work, or school• Desktop models or portable laptop models• Connected to a server in a network
One of the principal differences among computers is the operating system. • Operating systems enable computers to run software
and perform basic tasks.• Most personal computers use Windows or Macintosh
(MacOS) operating systems.• Windows and MacOS operating systems are not
compatible.
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Learning About Computers Difference between desktop and laptop
computers:Desktop computers are meant to be left in
one location and laptops are portable Personal digital assistants –
computers that are small enough to hold in the palm of your handToday’s PDAs are just about as smart as a
desktop or laptop computer
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Learning About Computers A server is a computer that manages
files and other resources for a networkSome are no bigger than a PC, others are
larger and more powerful
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Input Devices
Input is any information you enter into a computerKeyboard – used to enter textMouse - used to select options by pointing
and clicking items on the display screenKeypads – used by touching the characters
with a stylus rather than typing
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Input Devices Cursor – symbol on the screen
that points to specific information
Trackball – a popular variation on the mouse…instead of moving the mouse you move a ball that is set in a stationary holder. Advantage – puts less strain on the
arms and uses less desk surface Touchpad – a flat, built-in
pad…press and move your finger on the touchpad to move the cursor
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Input Devices Sound input devices
MicrophonesDigital recordersSynthesizers (device for translating musical
notes into a digital format for computer input and processing) and musical keyboards
Digital CamerasDigital Still Cameras - picturesDigital Camcorders – record video and soundWebcams – digital video camera connected to
the Web
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Input Devices Graphics tablets – also called
digitizing tablet or digitizer; used to create sketches and drawings in digital format
Scanners – used to convert any printed picture or document to a digital file to upload to a computerOptical character recognition (OCR) – software used to convert
scanned text from a paper document or a graphic file into a format that can be edited on a computer
Joysticks – used to send instructions to the computer through a directional lever and one or more control buttons typically used for games
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Output and Display Devices Output – Any information that a computer
produces Monitors – display screen
Cathode ray tube (CRT) – resembles a TV; an electron beam continuously scans the back of the screen to create images by lighting up phosphor
Liquid-crystal display (LCD) – works like a calculator display; applies voltage to liquid crystals which are sandwiched between to magnetic, to light them up; represent color by varying the amount of light that shines through
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Output and Display Devices
Monitors depend on a graphics card (circuit board for processing and displaying graphics)
Touch Screen – output device, a display, and an input device; ATMs and PDAs use them; used when peripherals (device that is used with a computer but not essential) are inconvenient
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Output and Display Devices Plasma Displays – flat-panel; creates
images by passing electrical impulses through a neon/xenon gas mixture sandwiched between two sealed glass plates with electrodes on their surface
LEDs – screens that light up when electricity passes through them like PDAs or cell phones
Projectors
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Output and Display Devices Printers
Ink-jet – spray ink at the paper through tiny nozzles
Laser – uses a laser beam and magnetism to transfer fine powder called toner to the paper; similar to a copier
LCD and LED – use magnetism and toner, but instead of beams they use liquid crystals and light-emitting diodes
Speakers – computer needs audio card
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Digital Storage Devices
Hard drives – built in for storing software and informationStores information magneticallyHas an arm with a sensor on the end that
reads and writes data as it spins
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Digital Storage Devices
Removable storageCDs – disc used to store and read digital materialCD-ROM – can only read data but cannot write to
the discDVDs – optical disksFloppy disks – flexible magnetic disk…becoming
obsoleteZip disks – developed by Iomega CorporationMemory cards – small removable digital input
modules; used by cameras and audio recordersUSB memory drives – also called travel drives, jump
drives, memory sticks, or thumb drives
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Processing Components
Processing includes all the calculations and other operating a computer performs on your input to turn it into output.
Processing takes place on microprocessors, or chips (usually smaller than a fingernail, contains millions of electronic components)
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Processing Components
Central Processing Unit – controls the computer’s logic and its ability to carry out instructions; used by almost all digital devices (alarm clocks, digital cameras, and CD players)Vary in processing speed; measured in megahertz
(MHz) or gigahertz (GHz)…the faster the speed the faster your programs will run
Part of the motherboard (main circuit board) Memory
Random Access Memory (RAM) – where the computer stores data while you are working on it○ Measured in bytes
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Elements of Communication In order to exchange files and share
resources, computers:Require special input and output devicesMust be part of a network, such as:
○ The Internet○ Local area network (LAN) – connect
computers in one location○ Wide area network (WAN)– connects
computers across a wide geographical area
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Elements of Communication
Types of connectionsDial-up connection – a computer uses a modem and a
standard telephone line…obsoleteBroadband connection – uses dedicated telephone
lines or cable television equipment …constant connection○ Some use DSL (digital subscriber lines) – high capacity
telephone lines; the computer must be within a few miles of a telephone company
transmitter
○ No DSL – can use cable television or satellite television companies
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Elements of Communication Devices for Communications
Modems and Broadband Connections – cable modem
Modems and Wireless Connections – some modems are wireless and use cellular telephone technology
Network cards – to connect to a network a PC needs a network interface card (NIC)
Routers – used to connect two or more LANs