dc مقطعات التيار المستمر.pdf

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א א א א D D C C א א א א DC ٤

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אאאאDDCC

אא

א

א

DC

٤

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ٩٦ -

אאW אאאאאאאW

• א • אאא • אאאאא • אאאאK

W

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאKאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאא(duty cycle)

אאאאאאKאאW

J step-down (buck) choppersאאאאאאאK

J א step-up (boost) chopperאאאאK

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ٩٧ -

٤ J١אאאA Basic DC ChopperW אF٤ J١Eאאאא

אSאא’Vs‘RKאא’Thyristor‘אא’Power

Transistor‘'MOSFET'אאאא'Insulated Gate Bipolar

Transistor'אK אאאא’switches‘

'ideal'אאאאW J אאאא

א’turn-on‘K J אאאאא

’turn-off‘K J אאאאאK

אאאאא’power loss‘א

אאאא’Input dc power‘אא’output dc

power‘W

IVIV ooss= F٤ J١E

W : VsאאK : Voאאא?אK?

IsWאאאאK IoWאאאK

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ٩٨ -

אF٤ J١WERK

٤ J٢אDuty CycleW אאאאאאא

’TOFF‘א’TON‘אאאאאאאאאF٤ J٢Eא

אKא’D‘אאא’TON‘אאא’T‘אאאW

TD T

TTT ON

OFFON

ON =+

= F٤ J٢E

W DWאאאאTK :TאאאK

:TONאאFאאEK :TOFFאאFאאEK

אF٤ J٢WEאאאK

VPULSE

TON 0 T T+TON

t

TOFF

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ٩٩ -

אF٤ J٢Eאאאאא(0 ≤ D ≤ 1)

אאאאאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאא’Base current‘אאא١א

אאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאא(Auxiliary Circuit)FEאאא’Commutation

circuit‘Kאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאK

٤ J٣אאאאR The Principle of Operation of a Basic DC Chopper Connected with a Resistive Load:

אא’vo‘אאאF٤ J١E

אאא’Vs‘(0 ≤ vo ≤ Vs)אאאא’S‘אאא

אKא’vo‘אא'S'אא'OFF'א

א’vo‘אא’Vs‘אא'S'אא'ON'אאאF٤ J٣E

א’vo‘K

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠٠ -

אF٤ J٣WE’vo‘אאK

٤ J٣ J١אאאאW

אאאא’Vo‘W

VTVTTTV s

ONs

OFFON

ONo T

.. =+

= F٤ J٣E

אF٤ J٢EאF٤ J٣Eאאאאא

VV so

D= F٤ J٤E

אF٤ J٤Eאאאא’Vo‘א’D‘אF٤ J٤EאאVoא

א’Vs‘0 ≤ V0 ≤ VsK אאאאא’Io‘אאאאF٤ J٣E

אאא’Io‘אאאאאאאאW

VVI so

o RD

R.== F٤ J٥E

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠١ -

אF٤ J٤WEאאאא’Vo‘א’D‘K

٤ J٣ J٢אאאאW

אאאא’Vo(rms)‘אא’Io(rms)‘W

DVV srmso =)( F٤ J٦E

DIDRV

I Ps

rmso ==)( F٤ J٧E

WאIPאאאRVsK

٤ J٣ J٣אאW אאאאאאא

אאא’Pi‘א’POrms‘KאאאאאאאW

RIR

VR

VDPP orms

ormssio

222

==== F٤ J٨E

1 0

D

vo

Vs

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠٢ -

٤ J٣ J٤אאאW

אאאאאאאאW

J אPulse-Width Modulation (PWM)K J אPulse-Frequency Modulation (PFM)K א‘TON’א‘PWM’א

אא‘T’אF٤ J٥Eאאא’PFM‘אא

‘TON’אא‘T’אאאאF٤ J٦Eאאאא

אאאאKאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאא[PWM‘א’PFM‘K

אאאאא’PFM‘אא’S‘אאא

אאאא’high current ripples‘אאאאא

אאאאאאK א[PWM‘אאא

אאאא’filters‘אאK

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠٣ -

FE

FE

FE

אF٤ J٥WEא’vo‘אאK

vo

0 T

t 2T 3T

Vo

vo

VS

vo

0 T t

2T 3T

Vo

VS

0 T t

2T 3T

Vo

VS

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠٤ -

FE

FE

FE

אF٤ J٦WEא’vo‘אאא

0 T t

vo

Vs Vo

vo

0 T t

Vo

Vs

0 T t

vo

Vo

Vs

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠٥ -

٣ J١W

אאאF٤ J١E220 Vאא10 ΩKאאאא

’S‘1 KHzא0.5W J אאא’Vo‘K J אאא’Vo(rms)‘K J אאאא’Pi‘K

אW J אאאאאאF٣ J٤EW

110)220(5.0 === VV soD V

J אאאאאאF٣ J٦EW 6.1555.0220)( === DVV srmso

V

J אאאאאאF٣ J٨EW

242010

2205.022

===R

D VP si W

٤ J٤אאאStep-Down (Buck) DC ChoppersW

٤ J٤ J١אאCase of An Inductive LoadW אאאאאא

KאאאאאאאKאא

אאאאאאאאאKאF٤ J٧E

אאאאאאאאאאאא’S‘א’dv/dt‘אאא

F٤ J٧FEEאאא

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠٦ -

אאאאאאאK

٤ J٤ J٢אאW אאאאSאא

אאאF٤ J٢Eא'S'KאSא

אF٤ J٧FEEאאאDאאאאאאאא

א’Vs‘אSאא’R-L‘אאאאאאאאאאאאאא

א0’א ≤ t ≤ TON‘א’vo‘אאאאF٤ J٧FEEאאאאK

אאSאאt = TONאאאאאF٤ J٧FEEאא

אאאאאאאF٤ J٧FEEאאא ’TON ≤ t ≤ T‘אאאא

אאאאאאאאאאKאאאאF٤ J٧FEE

אאאאאאאF٤ J٧FEEאאאאאא

א’TON ≤ t ≤ T‘אאאאאK אאאאא

אאאאאK אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠٧ -

אאאאאאאK

FEאא

FEאאא0(א( ONTt ≤≤

FEאאאא)( TtTON ≤≤

אF٤ J٧WEאאאאK

io

vo VD +

-

io

vo

ID=io

Is=0

io

vo VD=Vs

ID=0

+

-

Is=io

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠٨ -

٤ J٤ J٣אאContinuous Current ModeW

אאאF٤ J٧FEEאאאא

W J אאאK J אK J א’S‘K

אאאאאאאKאאאאא’filter‘

’L‘אאאאאאאאאא

Kאאאאא אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאא’τ‘אאT>>τ

)/( RL=τאאאminImaxI

אאאTKאF٤ J٨EאאאF٤ J٧EאאאאF٤ J٨FEEא

אVsאאS ’0 ≤ t ≤ TON‘אא’TON ≤ t ≤ T‘אאאF٤ J٨EFE

אאאF٤ J٨EFEא’is‘אSF٤ J٨EFEאאF٤ J٨EFE،F٤ J٨E

FE،F٤ J٨EFEאאאאאא’TON

≤ t ≤ T‘אא’is‘אאא’0 ≤ t

≤ TON‘אאאאW

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٠٩ -

FE

FE

FE

FE אF٤ J٨WEאאK

t TON 0 T T+TON

io

Imin

2T

Imax

TON 0 T T+TON

t

Is

Imin

2T

Imax

t TON 0 T T+TON

ID

Imin

2T

Imax

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١٠ -

2minmax II

II LO+

==F٤ J٩E אאאאW

RVI o

o = F٤ J١٠E אF٣ J٩E،F٣ J١٠EאאאW

RVII o2minmax =+ F٤ J١١E

minImaxIאKאאאאא

אW

VV oo

L dtdi

L == F٤ J١٢E أو

ti

LV

dtdi oOo

∆∆

==

tL

Vi OO ∆=∆∴ F٤ J١٣E

Oi∆אאא W

minmax IIiO −=∆ F٤ J١٤E אאאt∆W

OFFTt =∆ F٤ J١٥E אF٤ J١٤E،F٤ J١٥EאF٤ J١٣EאאאW

OFFo T

LVII =− minmax F٤ J١٦E

א F٤ J١٦EF٤ J١١EminI،maxI

OFFoo TL

VRVI

2max += F٤ J١٧E

OFFOO TL

VR

VI2min −= F٤ J١٨E

אאאOPP iI ∆=−W minmax III PP −=− F٤ J١٩E

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١١ -

LTI V

OFFPP0=− F٤ J٢٠E

אאאSאא’Is‘אאא’ID‘

א’D‘W

ITII oON

os TD == F٤ J٢١E

ITII oOFF

oD TD =−= )1( F٤ J٢٢E

IoאאאIDאאאאאKאאisא

Tאאאאא VsאאאאאאK

٤ J٤ J٤אאDiscontinuous Current ModeW

אאאא’D‘אאא

אא’S‘Kא’S‘אאאאאאאאאאא

אKאSאאאאא

אאאאאאKאא

אאאTON ≤ t ≤ TK אF٤ J٩EאאאF٤ J٧Eאא

אF٤ J٩Eאאאאאאאאאא’τ‘אSא

TONKאF٤ J٩EאאאאאSאאTON ≤ t ≤ Tאאא

אSאא0 ≤ t ≤ TONK

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١٢ -

אאאאא

אא’L‘KאאאאאאKא

אאא’Imin‘F٤ J١٨EW

OFFOO TL

VR

VI2

0min −==

LRVTV o

OFFo

2=∴

2T OFFRL= F٤ J٢٣E

אאאאאK

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١٣ -

FE

FE

FE

FE אF٤ J٩WEאאK

TON 0 T T+TON t

io

2T

Imax

TON 0 T T+TON t

ID

2T

Imax

TON 0 T T+TON

t

Is

2T

Imax

TON 0 T T+TON

t

Vo

2T

Vs

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١٤ -

٤ J٢W אF٣ J٧E

100 Vאאא10 Ωאא50 mHKאאאS 1 KHzא

FאE50 VW J א’D‘K J א’TON‘K J אא’Vo(rms)‘K J אאא’Io‘K J אאא’Imin‘אא’Imax‘K J אאאאא’Ip-p‘K J אאאאא’Ip-p‘

אא5 KHzK J אאאאא’Ip-p‘

אא250 mHK אW

J אאאF٤ J٤EW VV so D=Q

5.010050

===∴VV

s

oD

J אאאא'TON'אאF٤ J٢EW

fDTD

TD TT

ONON ==∴=

5.01000

5.0==∴T ON ms

J אאאא'TOFF'W 5.05.01 =−=−= TT ONOFF T ms

J אאאאאF٤ J٦EW 7.705.0100

)(=== DVV srmso

V

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١٥ -

J אאאW

AR

VI O

O 51050

===

J אאאאאאF٤ J١٧EF٤ J١٨EW

25.55.050*2

501050

2max =+=+= OFFoo TL

VRVI A

75.45.050*2

501050

2min =−=−= OFFOO TL

VR

VI A

J IP-PW 5.075.425.5minmax =−=−=

− III PP A

J IP-Pאאא5 KHz0.5אW

fDTDT OFF

)1()1( −=−=

1.010*5

)5.01(3 =

−=∴T OFF ms

05.51.050*2

501050

2max =+=+=∴ OFFoo TL

VRVI A

95.41.050*2

501050

2min =−=−= OFFOO TL

VR

VI A

1.095.405.5minmax =−=−=∴− III PP A

אאIP-PאאאאK

J IP-Pא250 mHא1 KHz0.5אW

fDTDT OFF

)1()1( −=−=

( ) 5.010*1

5.013 =

−=OFFT ms

05.55.0250*2

501050

2max =+=+=∴ OFFoo TL

VRVI A

95.45.0250*2

501050

2min =−=−= OFFOO TL

VR

VI A

1.095.405.5minmax =−=−=∴− III PP A

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١٦ -

אאIP-PאאאאאKאאא

IP-PאאאאאK

٤ J٣W

אF٤ J٧E100 Vאאא10 Ωא100 mHKא

אאS 1 KHzאא’TON‘0.5 msW

J א’D‘K J א’TOFF‘K J אאא’Vo‘K J אאא’Io‘K J אאא’Vo(rms)‘K J אאאK

אW J אW

110*111

3 ===f

T ms

5.015.0===

TT

D ON

J אW 5.05.01 =−=−= ONOFF TTT ms

J אאאW 50100*5.0 === VV so

D V

J אאאW

51050

===R

VI oo A

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١٧ -

J אאאW 7.705.0100)( === DVV srmso

V

J אאא W

mHRT

L OFF 5.210*25.0

2===

٤ J٤W אF٤ J٧E

200 Vאאא4 Ωא500 mHKאאאא20 Aאאאא

א’Ip-p‘٠0.96 Aאא100 Hzאא’TON‘4 msW

J א’D‘K J א’TOFF‘K J אאאא’Is‘K J אאאאאא’ID‘K J אאא’Imin‘אא’Imax‘K

אW

J אW

10100

11===

fT ms

4.0104===

TD T ON

J אW 6410 =−=−= ONOFF TTT ms

J אאאאW 820*4.0 === II os D A

J אאאW

( ) ( ) 1220*4.011 =−=−= OD IDI A

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١٨ -

J אאא’Imin‘אא’Imax‘W

48.2096.0202max =+=+= −PP

OIII A

52.1996.0202min =−=−= −PP

OIII A

אאאאאא’τ‘אאאא’T‘

1254

500===

RLτ ms and T = 10 ms

٤ J٥W אF٤ J٧E

25Vאא5 ΩKאאאS 4 KHzאא15 VW J א’D‘K J אאא’Io‘K J אאאK J אאא’Imin‘אא’Imax‘K

אW

J אW

6.02515

===VV

s

oD

J אאאW

35

15===

RVI o

o A

J אאא W

1.04

)6.01()1()1( =−

=−

=−=fDTDT OFF ms

25.05*21.0

2=== RL T OFF mH

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١١٩ -

J אאאאW

6331.0*25.0*2

155

152max =+=+=+= OFF

oo TL

VRVI A

0332min =−=−= OFF

OO TL

VR

VI

אאאאאאאאאK

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٢٠ -

W

٤ J١אא'D' ٤ J٢؟אאאאא ٤ J٣אאאא؟ ٤ J٤אאאאאאK ٤ J٥אאאאאאאK ٤ J٦אאאא:

J J FKE

٤ J٧ אאאאא؟

٤ J٨ 110V

20ΩKאאא1KHz0.4W J אאאK J אאאK J אאאK J אאאK

JאאאK ٤ J٩ 100V5Ω

אאאFאE50VKW J אK

J אאאאFאKE

אאא ٢٦١ א א

אאDC א

- ١٢١ -

٤ J١٠ 1KHzאא110 Vאא75א VKא

אFTON,TOFFKE ٤ J١١ 110V

א8Ωא4mHKאאא1KHz0.4אא،W

J אאאK J אאאK J אאאאK J אאאK J אאאאא5KHzK J אאK