dispensa pre-intermediate friel 2015-2016 -2

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Università degli Studi di Bari Laboratorio di Lingua Inglese

Dott. Gary Friel

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THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE Per parlare di qualcosa che è vero in generale o di azioni o situazioni ricorrenti. TO BE (essere/stare)

italiano POSITIVA CONTRATTA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

io sono I am I’m I’m not Am I? tu sei You are You’re You’re not / You aren’t Are you? lui è He is He’s He’s not / He isn’t Is he? lei è She is She’s She’s not / She isn’t Is she? esso/a è It is It’s It’s not / It isn’t Is it? noi siamo We are We’re We’re not / We aren’t Are we? voi siete You are You’re You’re not / You aren’t Are you? loro sono They are They’re They’re not / They aren’t Are they?

TUTTI GLI ALTRI VERBI * per esempio, TO WORK (lavorare)

italiano POSITIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

io lavoro I work I don’t work Do I work? tu lavori You work You don’t work Do you work? lui lavoro He works He doesn’t work Does he work? lei lavora She works She doesn’t work Does she work? esso/a lavora It works It doesn’t work Does it work? noi lavoriamo We work We don’t work Do we work? voi lavorate You work You don’t work Do you work? loro lavorano They work They don’t work Do they work?

✎ LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA

A + S + V = ? (ausiliario + soggetto + verbo = domanda)

✎ 3° PERSONA He works. He doesn’t work. Does he work?

* vedi: Modal Verbs pagina 24

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1. La risposta breve usa l’ausiliario DO (o DOES) per ogni verbo (tranne il verbo TO BE): Do you like pop music? Does your girlfriend live in Bari?

Ø Yes, I do. Ø No, I don’t.

Ø Yes, she does. Ø No, she doesn’t.

2. Nelle forme negative e interrogative il verbo TO HAVE (avere) può essere formato, come qualsiasi verbo, con il verbo ausiliario DO/DOES (preferito negli Stati Uniti) o con GOT (più comune in Gran Bretagna): USA: Do you have a car? Does he have a sister? I don’t have a pen. She doesn’t have a

book. GB: Have you got a car? Has he got a sister? I haven’t got a pen. She hasn’t got a book.

3. Se una domanda inizia con una preposizione in italiano finisce con la preposizione in inglese:

Ø Di dove sei? = Where are you from? Ø Con chi vive? = Who does he live with? Ø A cosa riferisce? = What does it refer to? Ø Fino a che ora lavorano? = What time do they work until?

4. Quando il soggetto non è conosciuto non si usa il verbo ausiliario nella forma interrogativa:

Ø Chi abita qua? = Who lives here? Ø Che succede dopo? = What happens after? Ø Quanti studenti sanno la risposta? = How many students know the answer?

5. La forma positiva della terza persona si forma cosi: verbo à + s She plays tennis. Eccezione: do / go à + es He does nothing. / She goes to church. ____s à + es She passes all the tests. ____ch à + es She watches TV. ____sh à + es It washes floors. consonante + y à + ies He studies a lot. have à has He has a car.

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TRADUZIONE

1. Di dove sei? …………………………………………………………………………….................

2. Dove vivi? …………………………………………………………………………….................

3. Con chi vivi? …………………………………………………………………………….................

4. Con chi vive il tuo amico? …………………………………………………………………………….................

5. Come si chiama lui? …………………………………………………………………………….................

6. È difficile. …………………………………………………………………………….................

7. Non avete molto tempo. …………………………………………………………………………….................

8. Quanti anni hanno? * …………………………………………………………………………….................

9. Perché Stefania è arrabbiata? …………………………………………………………………………….................

10. Mi piacciono i film. …………………………………………………………………………….................

11. Rita va al lavoro in macchina. …………………………………………………………………………….................

12. A che ora ti alzi? …………………………………………………………………………….................

13. Lui non fuma. …………………………………………………………………………….................

14. Sono le nove meno dieci. …………………………………………………………………………….................

15. Che cosa fa tuo padre? …………………………………………………………………………….................

*Numero 8: Si usa il verbo TO BE in inglese.

perché? ……………………………….. chi? ………………………………..

quando? ……………………………….. di chi? ………………………………..

dove? ……………………………….. quale? ………………………………..

cosa? ……………………………….. come? ………………………………..

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THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Per parlare di azioni o situazioni in corso in questo momento, o questo periodo.

TO BE + …...ING

TO STUDY (studiare)

italiano POSITIVA

io sto studiando

tu stai studiando

lui sta studiando

lei sta studiando

esso/a sta studiando

noi stiamo studiando

loro stanno studiando

I am

You are

He is

She is

It is

We are

They are

studying

NEGATIVA

io non sto studiando I’m not

You’re not / You aren’t

He’s not / He isn’t

She’s not / She isn’t

It’s not / It isn’t

We’re aren’t / We’re not

They’re not / They aren’t

studying

INTERROGATIVA io sto studiando? Am I

Are you

Is he

Is she

Is it

Are we

Are they

studying?

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ESERCIZIO A What are they doing?

ESERCIZIO B Present Simple or Present Continuous?

1. Look at that dog. It plays / is playing with a cat!

2. My mother always drives / is driving to work.

3. I can hear a baby. It cries / is crying.

4. I hate my neighbour. He listens / is listening to loud music all night, every night.

5. He’s not in his office today. He works / is working at home.

TRADUZIONE

1. Cosa stai facendo? ...............................................................................................

2. Sta piovendo. ...............................................................................................

3. Suo marito non lavora oggi perché sta male. ...............................................................................................

4. Sto leggendo un libro molto interessante. ...............................................................................................

5. “Dove vai?” ............................................................................................... “Vado a casa. Sono stanco” ...............................................................................................

1. She _____ __________ on the phone.

2. She _____ __________ dinner.

3. She _____ __________ football.

4. He _____ __________

1. fare = to do 2. piovere = to rain 3. marito = husband male = ill 4. leggere = to read 5. stanco = tired

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THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE Per parlare di azioni o situazioni successe in un periodo finito.

TO BE (essere/stare)

POSITIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA

I was I wasn’t Was I?

You were You weren’t Were you?

He was He wasn’t Was he?

She was She wasn’t Was she?

It was It wasn’t Was it?

We were We weren’t Were we?

They were They weren’t Were they? TUTTI GLI ALTRI VERBI

✎ LA PRONUNCIA – VERBI REGOLARI Solo quando il verbo finisce con T o D si pronuncia l’ultimo sillabo (-‐ED).

– “d” – – “t” – – “tid” – loved cooked wanted

– “did” –

needed

...ed/didn’t/did? Positiva: Yesterday I cooked lasagne. Negativa: He didn’t have much time. Interrogativa: Did they study yesterday?

Tutti i verbi.

Solo i verbi regolari.

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TRADUZIONE

1. Cosa hai detto? .............................................................................................................

2. Non ho sentito. .............................................................................................................

3. Siamo andati al cinema ieri. .............................................................................................................

4. Con chi sei andata in vacanza? .............................................................................................................

5. Dove sei stato ieri sera? .............................................................................................................

6. Hai visto la partita domenica? .............................................................................................................

7. Abitavano a Bari da 2009 a 2012. .............................................................................................................

8. Il suo ragazzo venne in taxi. .............................................................................................................

9. Quanto avete pagato? .............................................................................................................

10. Loro sono andati via alle 9. .............................................................................................................

11. Mi è piaciuta la torta. .............................................................................................................

12. Siamo stati a casa di John sabato. .............................................................................................................

13. Paul uscì per telefonare a sua moglie. .............................................................................................................

14. Quanti anni avevi? .............................................................................................................

15. Mio padre non aveva una televisione in casa quando era bambino. ......................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................

questo/a ………………………………..

quello/a ………………………………..

questi/e ………………………………..

quelli/e ………………………………..

1. dire = to say 2. sentire = to hear 3. andare = to go 4. in vacanza = on holiday 5. ieri sera = yesterday evening 6. vedere = to see

la partita = the match 7. abitare = to live

8. venire = to come 9. pagare = to pay 10. via = away 11. la torta = the cake 12. la casa di John = John’s house 13. uscire = to go out moglie = wife 15. bambino = little boy

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THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE

1. Per parlare di azioni successe nel passato, ma in un periodo che continua. L’informazione non è definitiva ma è vero solo finora.

2. In Gran Bretagna, quando siamo più interessati alle conseguenze attuali di un’azione successa in passato, e non quando/dove ecc. è successa. (Negli Stati Uniti, però, il Past Simple è spesso usato invece del Present Perfect.)

HAVE / HAS + Il PARTICIPIO PASSATO Positiva: I have written five emails this week. io ho scritto... Negativa: He hasn’t eaten anything today. lui non ha mangiato... Interrogativa: Have you seen the film ‘Lincoln’? avete visto...

✎ Nel Passato Prossimo italiano l’ausiliario può essere avere o essere. Nel Present Perfect inglese l’ausiliario è sempre avere (have o has).

✎ L’uso del Present Perfect inglese non corrisponde sempre al Passato Prossimo italiano.

✎ Sia il Past Simple che il Present Perfect vengono usati per descrivere azioni successe nel passato. Ma il Past Simple si riferisce ad azioni successe in un periodo di tempo finito, mentre il Present Perfect si riferisci ad azioni successe in un periodo di tempo che continua.

Periodo di tempo finito Periodo di tempo che continua (Past Simple: ___ed/didn’t/did?) (Present Perfect: have/has +P.P.)

Yesterday I smoked 3 cigarettes. Today I have smoked 3 cigarettes. Last week he didn’t call me. This week he hasn’t called me. Last month did you see any films? This month have you seen any films? Last year they didn’t write. This year they haven’t written.

✎ Il Present Perfect è usato con i seguenti avverbi di tempo: already (già –usato in frasi affermative e interrogative), yet (ancora –in frasi negative/già –in frasi interrogative), just (appena).

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ESERCIZIO Past Simple or Present Perfect?

1. a) I saw John yesterday. b) I have seen John yesterday.

2. a) Did you ever eat Indian food? b) Have you ever eaten Indian food?

3. a) Sara won £5,000 last month. b) Sara has won £5,000 last month.

4. a) I didn’t read Harry Potter. b) I haven’t read Harry Potter.

5. a) We got up at 6.30 today. b) We have got up at 6.30 today. TRADUZIONE

1. Ho fatto tre esami quest’anno. ...............................................................................................

2. Non ho letto il giornale oggi. ...............................................................................................

3. Non sono mai stato in America. ...............................................................................................

4. Quante volte hai visto questo film? ...............................................................................................

5. Abbiamo studiato l’inglese a scuola. ...............................................................................................

6. Non avete mai studiato questa regola. ...............................................................................................

7. Quando sei arrivato? ...............................................................................................

8. Justin Bieber non ha mai fatto un concerto ............................................................................................... a Bari.

9. Michael Jackson non ha mai fatto un concerto ............................................................................................... a Bari.

10. Oh no, ho perso le mie chiave! ...............................................................................................

6. a) They weren’t here a few minutes ago. b) They haven’t been here a few minutes ago.

7. a) Barack Obama studied Law at university.

b) Barack Obama has studied Law at university. 8. a) When did she call?

b) When has she called? 9. a) How many Oscars did Tom Cruise win?

b) How many Oscars has Tom Cruise won? 10. a) How many Oscars did Frank Sinatra win?

b) How many Oscars has Frank Sinatra won?

1. fare un esame = to do an exam 2. leggere il giornale = to read the newspaper 4. vedere un film = to see a film 6. regola = rule 8. fare un concerto = to do a concert 10. perdere = to lose chiave = keys

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COMPARATIVES AGGETTIVO ESEMPIO COMPARATIVO italiano 1 sillaba poor poorer (than...) più povero (di...)

2 sillabe + y happy happier (than...) più felice (di...)

2 sillabe o più

boring interesting

more boring (than...) more interesting (than...)

più noioso (di...) più interessante (di...)

✎ Altre forme del comparativo: § Less aggettivo than... Florence is less beautiful than Rome.

Firenze è meno bella di Roma.

§ As aggettivo as... Florence is as beautiful as Rome.

Firenze è bella quanto Roma.

§ Not as aggettivo as... Florence is not as beautiful as Rome.

Firenze non è bella quanto Roma.

SUPERLATIVES AGGETTIVO ESEMPIO SUPERLATIVO italiano 1 sillaba poor the poorest il più povero

2 sillaba + y happy the happiest il più felice

2 sillaba o più

boring interesting

the most boring the most interesting

il più noioso il più interessante

✎ Altra forma del superlativo: § The least aggettivo It’s the least expensive. È il meno costoso..

✎ Ci sono tre eccezioni a queste regole:

AGGETTIVO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO

good better (than...) meglio (di...) the best il migliore

bad worse (than...) peggio (di...) the worst il peggiore

far further (than...) più lontano (di...) the furthest il più lontano

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THE FUTURE 1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

-‐ Per esprimere un programma preciso per il futuro, per realizzare il quale si è già fatto qualcosa.

Positiva: I’m having a party on Saturday. Negativa: We aren’t staying in a hotel. Interrogativa: Are you getting married in church?

2. TO BE + GOING TO + VERB

-‐ Per esprimere l’intenzione di fare qualcosa. -‐ Per esprimere una previsione che si fa sulla base di una constatazione. Positiva: I’m going to get up early. Negativa: She isn’t going to cook this evening. Interrogativa: Are they going to come with us?

3. WILL

-‐ Previsioni*: I don’t think he will win.

* particolarmente dopo i verbi to suppose (supporre), to expect (aspettarsi), to think (pensare), to believe (credere) ecc.

-‐ Offerte: I’ll help you.

-‐ Promesse: I won’t tell anyone.

-‐ Suggerimenti: Shall we go to the cinema? Yes! Let’s go now!

-‐ Decisioni prese nel momento in cui si parla: I’ll have a beer, please.

Positiva Negativa Interrogativa I’ll I won’t Shall I? / Will I? You’ll You won’t Will you? He/She/It’ll He/She/It won’t Will he? We’ll We won’t Shall we? / Will we? You’ll You won’t Will you? They’ll They won’t Will they?

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Match the questions with the answers collegare le domande con le risposte TO BE (essere/stare) 1. ______________________________________________________________ ? My name is Ben.

2. ______________________________________________________________ ? I’m 23 years old.

3. ______________________________________________________________ ? I’m from Dublin.

4. ______________________________________________________________ ? I’m a student.

5. ______________________________________________________________ ? No, I’m not.

6. ______________________________________________________________ ? I’m fine, thanks.

§ Are you married? § How are you? § How old are you? § What’s your job? § What’s your name? § Where are you from?

OTHER VERBS (altri verbi) 7. ______________________________________________________________ ? London.

8. ______________________________________________________________ ? With two friends.

9. ______________________________________________________________ ? One brother. His name is Steven.

10. _____________________________________________________________ ? Yes, I have. Her name is Tina.

11. _____________________________________________________________ ? Jazz.

12. _____________________________________________________________ ? Every evening.

13. _____________________________________________________________ ? My mother is a housewife. My father is retired.

§ Have you got a girlfriend? § Have you got any brothers or sisters? § What do your parents do? § Where do you live? § What music do you like? § Who do you live with? § How often do you watch television?

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1. What ____________________ your name? My name is...

2. How old ____________________ you? I am...

3. Where ____________________ you from? I am from...

4. Where ____________________ you live? I live in...

5. Where ____________________ you go to university? I go to university in...

6. ____________________ you got any brothers or sisters? Yes, I have. I’ve got... / No, I haven’t.

7. What type of music ____________________ you ____________________ to? I listen to...

8. What television programs ____________________ you ____________________? I watch...

9. ____________________ you ____________________ any musical instruments? Yes, I do. I play... / No, I don’t.

10. What languages ____________________ you ____________________? I speak...

11. What sports ____________________ you practice? I play... / I go... / None.

12. What food ____________________ you ____________________? I like...

13. Where ____________________ you usually ____________________ on holiday? I usually go to... / I stay at home.

14. What ____________________ your hobbies? My hobby is... / My hobbies are...

15. What time ____________________ you ____________________ in the morning? I get up at...

16. What ____________________ you ____________________ for breakfast? For breakfast I have...

17. How ____________________ you ____________________ to university? I come to university...

18. Where ____________________ you ____________________ lunch? I have lunch...

19. What ____________________ you ____________________ in the evening? In the evening I usually...

20. What time ____________________ you ____________________ to bed? I usually go to bed at...

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Every day Ben gets up at 1)______________. He has a shower and he gets

dressed. He has 2)______________ for breakfast and then he goes to the

university by 3)______________. He arrives at the university at

4)______________ and his first lesson starts at 5)______________.

At 1.15 he 6)______________ with his 7)______________ in the 8)______________.

In the afternoon he usually 9)______________ in the 10)______________.

At 11)______________ he goes home. After dinner he usually

12)______________. He goes to bed at 13)______________.

TO PAST

It’s three o’clock.

It’s a quarter past six.

It’s half past ten.

It’s a quarter to two.

It’s five to four.

It’s ten past seven.

MINUTESTO

PAST HOUR

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On Fridays I ____________________ home from work at about 5.30 in the afternoon

and I just ____________________.

On Friday evenings I don’t ____________________, but sometimes a friend

____________________ for dinner. He or she ____________________ some wine and I

____________________ dinner. I ____________________ cooking! We ____________________ to

music or we just ____________________.

On Saturday mornings I ____________________ at 9.00 and I ____________________

shopping. Then in the evenings I sometimes ____________________ to the cinema or

to the theatre with a friend. Then we ____________________ in my favorite

restaurant.

On Sunday mornings I ____________________ in bed late. I don’t ____________________ until 11.00!

Sometimes in the afternoon I ____________________ my sister. She ____________________ in the country

and ____________________ two children. I ____________________ playing with my niece and nephew,

but I ____________________ early because I ____________________ to bed at 10.00 on Sunday evenings.

1. Use the correct form of these verbs to complete the spaces. usare la forma giusta di questi verbi per riempire gli spazi

2. Write about your weekends.

scrivere delle tue fine settimane

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

to bring to chat to come (x2) to cook to eat to get up (x2) to go (x3) to go out to have to leave to like to listen to live to love to relax to stay to visit

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YOU

1. Where ____________________ you born? I was born in...

2. When ____________________ you born? I was born on...

3. Where ____________________ you live as a child? I lived in...

4. Where ____________________ you live now? I live in...

SCHOOL

5. Where ____________________ you go to school? I went to school in...

6. How ____________________ you go to school? I went to school on foot / by...

7. What type of school ____________________ you go to? I went to a...

8. ____________________ you like school? Yes, I... / No, I...

9. What ____________________ your favorite subject? My favorite subject was...

YESTERDAY

10. What time ____________________ you ____________________ yesterday? I got up at...

11. ____________________ you ____________________ to university? Yes, I... / No, I...

12. Where ____________________ you ____________________ lunch? I had lunch...

13. Who ____________________ you ____________________ lunch with? I had lunch with...

14. What ____________________ you ____________________ for dinner? For dinner I had...

15. What ____________________ you ____________________ in the evening? In the evening I...

16. What time ____________________ you ____________________ to bed? I went to bed at...

THE BEST HOLIDAY OF YOUR LIFE

17. Where ____________________ you ____________________? I went to...

18. Who ____________________ you ____________________ with? I went with...

19. How ____________________ you get there? I went by...

20. How long ____________________ you stay for? I stayed for...

21. What ____________________ the weather like? It was...

22. ____________________ you like the food? Yes, I... / No, I...

23. ____________________ it expensive? Yes, it... / No, it...

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Use the verbs in the box to complete the conversations. usare i verbi nel box per completare le conversazione

to break to buy to drink to drive to eat to like to live to meet to sing to sleep to spend to steal

1. A: Have you ever _____________ sushi? 6. A: Have you ever _____________ your arm?

B: Yes, I have. B: Yes, I have.

A: Did you _____________ it? A: How did you _____________ it?

B: Yes, I _____________ it a lot. B: I _____________ it skiing.

2. A: Have you ever _____________ a famous person? 7. A: Have you ever _____________ abroad?

B: Yes, I have. Kate Moss. B: Yes, I have.

A: Where did you _____________ her? A: When did you _____________ abroad?

B: I _____________ her in Rome. B: I _____________ in France as a child.

3. A: Have you ever _____________ more than €5,000? 8. A: Have you ever _____________ a Ferrari?


A: What did you buy? A: Whose Ferrari did you _____________?

B: I _____________ a car. B: I _____________ my uncle’s Ferrari.

4. A: Have you ever _____________ too much tequila? 9. A: Have you ever _____________ in public?


A: Where did you _____________ too much tequila? A: Where did you _____________?

B: I _____________ too much tequila at my sister’s party. B: I _____________ in a karaoke bar.

5. A: Have you ever _____________ in a hammock*? 10. A: Have you ever _____________ anything?


A: How did you _____________? A: What did you _____________?

B: I _____________ very well. B: I _____________ some sweets when I was a child.

eaten

like

liked

I went there two years ago.

When did you go there?

Have you ever been to America? Yes, I have.

* hammock = amaca

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COMPARATIVES Ben and Steven are brothers. 1. Ben is _____________________________________________ than Steven. (+ young)

2. Ben is _____________________________________________ than Steven. (+ handsome)

3. Ben is _____________________________________________ than Steven. (+ friendly)

4. Ben is _____________________________________________ as Steven. (= intelligent)

5. Steven is _____________________________________________ as Ben. (− tall)

SUPERLATIVES 1. River _________________ (long)

2. University _________________ (old)

3. Building _________________ (tall)

4. Religion _________________ (ancient)

5. Man _________________ (rich)

6. City _________________ (populated)

7. Film _________________ (expensive)

8. Record _________________ (successful)

9. Planet _________________ (near)

10. _______________________________________________________________________________________

Steven Ben

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PREDICTIONS During my lifetime... 1. Petrol __________

2. Female President __________

3. The moon __________

4. Cash __________

5. Cancer __________

6. Nuclear war __________

INTENTIONS This evening... 1. Catch a bus/train __________

2. Cook __________

3. Study __________

4. Go out __________

5. Watch a film __________

6. Go to bed early __________

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APPENDICE PRONOUNS Pronomi SOGGETTO OGGETTO AGGETIVO

POSSESSIVO PRONOME POSSESSIVO

I ME MY MINE

YOU YOU YOUR YOURS

HE HIM HIS HIS

SHE HER HER HERS

IT IT ITS ITS

WE US OUR OURS

YOU YOU YOUR YOURS

THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY gli avverbi di frequenza ALWAYS sempre

USUALLY / NORMALLY di solito / normalmente

FREQUENTLY / REGULARLY frequentemente / regolarmente

OFTEN spesso

SOMETIMES a volte

OCCASIONALLY occasionalmente

RARELY / SELDOM raramente

HARDLY EVER / ALMOST NEVER quasi mai

NEVER mai

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APPENDICE IRREGULAR VERBS i verbi irregolari

VERB PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE BE essere/stare was / were been BEAT battere beat beaten BECOME diventare became become BEGIN incominciare/iniziare began begun BITE mordere bit bitten BLOW soffiare blew blown BREAK rompere broke broken BRING portare brought brought BUILD costruire built built BURN bruciare burnt or burned burnt or burned BUY comprare bought bought CATCH prendere caught caught CHOOSE scegliere chose chosen COME venire came come COST costare cost cost CUT tagliare cut cut DO fare did done DRAW disegnare drew drawn DREAM sognare dreamt or dreamed dreamt or dreamed DRINK bere drank drunk DRIVE guidare drove driven EAT mangiare ate eaten FALL cadere fell told FEEL sentire felt felt FIGHT lottare fought fought FIND trovare found found FLY volare flew flown FORGET dimenticare forgot forgotten GET ottenere got got GIVE dare gave given GO andare went gone GROW crescere grew grown HANG appendere hung hung HAVE avere had had HEAR sentire heard heard HIDE nascondere hid hidden HIT colpire hit hit HOLD tenere in mano held held HURT ferire/fare male hurt hurt KEEP tenere kept kept KNOW sapere/conoscere knew known LEARN imparare learnt or learned learnt or learned

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VERB PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE LEAVE lasciare/partire left left LEND prestare lent lent LET permettere/lasciare let let LIE stendersi/sdraiarsi lay lain LIGHT accendere/illuminare lit lit LOSE perdere lost lost MAKE fare made made MEAN significare meant meant MEET incontrare met met PAY pagare paid paid PUT mettere put put READ leggere read (pronunciato “red”) read (pronunciato “red”) RING telefonare/squillare rang rung RISE alzarsi/sorgere rose risen RUN correre ran run SAY dire said said SEE vedere saw seen SELL vendere sold sold SEND mandare sent sent SHINE splendere shone shone SHOOT sparare shot shot SHOW mostrare showed shown SHUT chiudere shut shut SING cantare sang sung SIT sedersi sat sat SLEEP dormire slept slept SMELL odorare smelt or smelled smelt or smelled SPEAK parlare spoke spoken SPEND spendere/passare spent spent STAND stare in piede stood stood STEAL rubare stole stolen SWIM nuotare swam swum TAKE prendere/portare took taken TEACH insegnare taught taught TEAR strappare tore torn TELL dire/raccontare told told THINK pensare thought thought THROW gettare threw thrown UNDERSTAND capire understood understood WAKE svegliarsi woke woken WEAR indossare wore worn WIN vincere won won WRITE scrivere wrote written

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APPENDICE MODAL VERBS I verbi modali I verbi modali esprimono il modo in cui il soggetto si pone nei confronti dell’azione che compie. I verbi modali in inglese sono: CAN, MUST, MAY, WILL, SHALL, WOULD, SHOULD, OUGHT

• Tutti i verbi modali si comportano da verbi ausiliari, cioè seguono il modello del verbo to be per quanto riguarda la costruzione interrogativa e negativa, l’uso di forme contratte e le risposte brevi.

• Nella forma negativa sono seguiti da not.

• Nella forma interrogativa precedono il soggetto.

• Il verbo che segue un verbo modale va nella Forma Base (l’infinito senza to) tranne

ought.

• Alla terza persona singolare del Present Simple non prendono la s. Positiva: I can swim. He can drive. Negativa: I can’t swim. He can’t drive. Interrogativa: Can you swim? Can he drive? -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ SITI UTILI englishgratis.com – spiegazioni in italiano della grammatica inglese. english-‐grammar-‐lessons.com – spiegazione della grammatica inglese con relativi esercizi. englishpage.com – spiegazione della grammatica inglese con relativi esercizi. bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish – notizia con spiegazione dei vocaboli usati. guardian.co.uk – giornale inglese independent.co.uk – giornale inglese telegraph.co.uk – giornale inglese italianinsider.it – giornale italiano in lingua inglese thelocal.it – giornale italiano in lingua inglese YouTube – lezioni video di lingua inglese

youtube.com/bbclearningenglish youtube.com/user/BritishCouncilLE youtube.com/user/freeenglishlessons youtube.com/user/EnglishLessons4U youtube.com/user/duncaninchina youtube.com/user/MinooAngloLink youtube.com/user/JenniferESL

dispensa pre-intermediate friel 2015-2016 -2

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