Download - 토목설계정리
1 2. (1) (2) . (3) . 3. . [] (1) , , (2) . (3) [] (1) . (2) , (3) , 4. (4) 90% . 1/5, 3/4 , 25mm, 40mm . 5. (1) -(W/C) . (2) . (3) , , . 6. - ( W/C ) .
W C7. (1) ( fck)
=
21.5 f ck + 21
- 28 (2) ( fr) - 7 MPa - 30 . . fcr = fck + 1.34 s , fcr = (fck 3.5) + 2.33 s < s : (MPa) > fck (MPa) fcr (MPa) 1
21 21 35 35 8. (1) ( fcu )
fck + 7 fck + 8.5 fck + 10
fcu =
P A
- 100mm, 200mm 0.97 - > - > - f28 . fck 28 fcu = fck + 8 (MPa) (2) ( fsp ) : - 1/9 ~ 1/13 10% - . (3) ( fr ) : - : fsp = 0.63
f ck
(MPa)
(4) Vn = 9. - - : 0.002 - : 0.003 10. (1) ( EC ) - : -
1 6
f ck (MPa)
f C = EC C2
-
secant . 30 MPa , wc = 1450 ~ 2500 kg/m3 Ec = 0.043 * wc1.5
*
f ck (MPa)
wc = 2300 kg/m3 , Ec = 4700 * -
f ck (MPa)
30 MPa , wc = 1450 ~ 2500 kg/m3 Ec = 0.030 * wc1.5
*
f ck + 7700(MPa)
wc = 2300 kg/m3 , Ec = 3300 * (4) 0.18 . ( 0.15~ 0.20) 11. Creep () (1) - ( x) . (c ) . - (e ) . (2) () () = (3) - : , , , W/C , , - : , , , , , , 12. (1) - . - . - : , - : , (2) - - , 2 . . 3
f ck
+ 7700(MPa)
c = e
-
, .
13. - . 14. - fy 550 MPa . - fy 400 MPa . - . 15. (1) ( Es ) Es = 2 * 105 (MPa ) 16. (n)
42.6 2 10 5 Es = = n= Ec 4700 f ck f ckfck (MPa) n 18 10 21 9 24 9
6 ( )30 8
28 8
17. (1) - . : 25mm , 4/3 (2) - : 40mm , 1.5, 1.5 (3) - 2 4 . - 40 db . - D35 . 18. (1) - - - (2) [ ] - : 100mm ---- - : 80mm 4
- * , , D35 : 40mm D35 : 20mm * , : 40mm 19. (2) - - - 20. (1) ( )
fca = 0.4 fck21. . (1) SD30 : fsa = 150 (MPa) (2) SD35 : fsa = 175 (MPa) (3) SD40 : fsa = 180 (MPa)
2 1.
( ) Sn U
( ) fc fcafs fsa (, ) 1) 2) 3) 4) 1) ( x) 2) 5
()
1 1) 2) 3)
1)
2) , (U) = 1.4D + 1.7L 3. (1)
3)
4)
- , , . - 1 - = 1.4 * + 1.7 * (2) () - , , . - 1 - , : = 0.85 , : = 0.75 : = 0.70 : = 0.80 : = 0.65
4. (1) 1) , , 2) , : n (2) () 1) , , 2) : n : 2n
3 . 1. Md = Mn Mu , ( Md ) = ( Mn ) (, ) ( Mu )
6
2. (1) ( Safety ) : . (2) ( Serviceability ) : . 3. (1) ( X ) . ( )
h 2 h 4 () , () ---- ln 5 ln 5(2) = 0.003 (3) . (6)
1 = 0.85 0.007 ( f ck 28) 0.65
4. (balanced beam) (1) fy 0.003 . (2) (Cb ) Cb = (1) ( b )
600 d 600 + f y f ck A 600 = S f y 600 + f y b d
b = 0.85 1 5. () :
b
b
- 0.003 - ( b ) - 2 . 6. ( ) : - - ( b ) 7
- - : 7. 1) : 2) :
max = 0.75 b
max
=
0.25 f ck fy
1.4 ( ) fy
1/3 . 8. b
c= 0.003
= 1. c
z =d - a/2 a/2
c n n d
C =0.85 f ck . .b
s> 1) (a)
y
T =A s . f y
a=2) ( Mn )
As f y fy d = 0.85 f ck b 0.85 f cka AS f y (d ) 2
Mn = T z =9. (1) - . - (2) - - . - (3)
- . , > 0.75 b , =
As bd f ck A 600 = S b = 0.85 1 f y 600 + f y b d
(4) : 8
1) (a)
a=2) (Mn)
( As As ) f y 0.85 f ck b
'
=
( ' ) f y d 0.85 f ck
Mn = (As As ) * fy * (d 4)
a ) + As * fy * (d d) 2
max = 0.75 b + '
( )
( ) 0.75 ( b + ) - (x : wrong~!)
-
s y =c
fy Es
.
600 600 f y
* d
-
max > > min10. T (1) 1) - 16 tf + bw - -
1 4b
tf
8 tf
bw
8 tf
2) -6
tf + bw9
- (
1 ) + bw 12
- ( l0 3) T
1 )+b 2
w
- T
1 t f bw ) 2 4 . ( 4 b w ), (
1 2
(2) T - , : b - , : T - , : bw b b b
tf
tf
tf
bw
bw
bw
(a) b (3) T
(b) T
(c) bw
b (Web) T . # (a) (tf ) b .
a =
As f y 0.85 f ck b
=
fy d0.85 f ck
a > tf : T a tf : b # 1) Asf 0.85 * fck * b * tf < As fy : T 0.85 * fck * b * tf As fy : b
(4)
Asf =2) (Mn)
0.85 f ck t f (b bw ) fy
10
- Mnf = Asf * fy * (d -
tf 2
)
- Mnw = (As Asf) * fy * (d -
a ) 2 tf 2) + (As Asf) * fy * (d -
- Mn = Mnf + Mnw = Asf * fy * (d (5)
a ) 2
max = 0.75 b = 0.75( b + f ) * Asf bw d
bw b
, b =
() max = 0.75 b + .
4 1. RC (1) RC . (2) - RC .b V average
n
n
d
n
n
V max
1
=, V : , bw : , d : - RC .
V bw d
2.
11
()
=
V
M (tan + tan ) d bw d
a
B
3. - (
f 1 = ) .
- 45 . 4. (1) - , - - (2) - , - - - 5. *
1 . 2
V d M a 1 : d a 2.5 : d a 6: d
, , . *1
, * 2.5
, , . *6
a : d
12
Pa
Pa
a=
M V
( a : )
S =P
(+ )
(-)
M =P.a
(+ )
6. (1) - , . (2) - - 45 - 30 - < (x) wrong~! > - - , (-) , . 7. * V = Vc + Vd + Viy + Vs
13
S =- P
Vint con' c a
Vc Vd Viy Vs
(dowel action) (interlocking) Vi
b c
d
e f g
8.
Vs =
d Av f y s
(, Av s , s , d ) n() =
d s
9. Vs =
Av f y d (sin + cos ) s
10. 1 Vs = - Vs
1
Av f y sin
( )
0.25
f ck bw d .
11. (1)
Vd = Vn Vu
Vn Vu (VC + VS ) Vu, Vu = (, ) 14
Vd = (, ) Vn = (, ) Vc = (, ) Vs = (, ) = 0.80 (2) ( Vc )
Vc =(3) ( Vs )
1 6
f ck bw d
(VC + VS ) VuVs Vu Vc
Vs
Vu Vc d Av f y s
Vs = 12.
d Vu 13. (1) * Vc > Vu . (2)
Vc Vu
1 Vc 2
.
Av = 0.35 - - -
bw s fy
- 250mm I , T 2.5 (1) * Vc < Vu Vn = Vc + Vs = Vc + 15
1 2
Av f y d s
14. - Vs
2 3
f ck bw d
.
- 400 MPa . - d . -
3 4
( 4 3 )
.
- . - ()
0.5 d , 0.75 h 600mm .
() . () Vs
0.5 d 45
1 3
f ck bw d
(), () .
-
f ck 8.37 MPa
15. (1) - , -
ln < 5 d ( l n : )
16. - - - 17. - : 400 MPa - . - 135 . 16
- -
ph 8
, 300 mm .
( 600mm ~!) ph (mm)
m m 00 3 m m 00 3
5 1. - . - (anchorage) . 2. (1) - . - . - . (2) - . - . (3) - . (4) - . (, . ) (5) - (bleeding) . 17
- . 4. (2) - . - . 5. (1) ( l d )
l d = * (=(2) (
As ) 300 mm As
l db )
l db(3)
=
0.6 d b f y f ck
(
d b : )
- ( 30 cm ) : 1.3 6. (1) ( l d )
l d = * (=(2) (
As ) 200 mm As
l db )
l db7.
=
0.25 d b f y f ck
0.04 d b f y
(
d b : )
- 3 20%, 4 33% . 8. (1) - ( l d ) = * 8 d b 150mm ( ) - . 5. (1) - - () - (2) - 18
12 d b . - (3) - . , 6. - 150 mm . - .
l d
1 . 2
1 , 3
ld
Mn + la Vu
( Because )
,
M n : Vu :
l a : , d d b 12 .8. ( ~!) (1) - . - 35mm . - . - 125% . - . # ~ ..(, , etc) ~ *(^^)* (2) - 300 mm . A, B . (cf. 300mm , But 200mm .) - * A 2 , (3) -
1 , 150 mm 5
1 2
l d 19
-
f y 400 MPa 0.072 f y d b f y > 400 MPa (0.13 f y 24) d b
- 300 mm . -
f ck < 21 MPa
1 . 3
10. (1) - , . - . # ( 180 )
4 db
6 cm .
4 db
# 90 90
12 d b . D 10 ~ D25 D 29 ~ D35 D 38
-
3 db4 db
5 db
(2) -
5 db
.
-
10 d b
.
5
d
b
5
db
20
10 db
6 1. (1) : () (2) : (, )
2. (1) : , , (2) : , , , 3. (1) . (2) . ( ) 4. - . . - . ( x ) - - - . - . ( . ) - . . 5. - , , , 6. (1) 60% . (2) : 0.2 mm < 0.1 mm 0.2 mm ~!> (3) : 0.13 mm (4) 100 mm (RC ) - : ( 0.4 mm ) , ( 0.006 tc ) - : ( 0.3 mm ) , ( 0.3 mm ), ( 0.005 tc ) - : 0.004 tc - : 0.0035 tc 21
, tc (mm) 7. (1) 300 MPa
w = 1.08 c f s 3 d c A 10 5 - (2)
c =
f s = 0.6 f y
(3) (4)
d c (mm)
(5) A (mm2)
8. (1) : (2) : . 9. (1) - 2 .
I = Ig =
b h3 12
- - ,
ft =
M yt Igf r = 0.63 f ck
f t < f r , f r (MPa)
(2) -
f t > f r . M cr
M cr =- M
fr Ig yt
M cr I g , 2
I cr . 2 2 I e .
Ie = (
M cr 3 M ) I g + {1 ( cr ) 3 } I cr Ma Ma22
,
M a :
I g : 2 I e : 2 M cr : I cr : 2
I cr =(3)
b h3 + n As (d x) 2 3
I cr < I e < I g
10.
= ( )
=
1 + 50 '
' : , . ( ' =As ) bd'
: 5 12 6 3 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.0
11. = + 12. - #
1 . 800
1 . 1,000
13. ( h : mm ) 1
23
1
L 20 L 16
L 24 L 18.5
L 28 L 21
L 1 0 L 8
14. - # : # :
1.2 (l + 3000 ) 30
(l + 3000) 30
# l : (mm) 15. 2 (1)
a m 0.2
- : 120 mm - : 100 mm
a m < 2.0 : 120 mm (3) a m 2 : 90 mm (2) 0.2 < 16. - . - . - . , . 17. (1) SD30 : 130 (MPa) (2) SD35 : 140 (MPa) (3) SD40 : 150 (MPa) # .
18. - : 27 (MPa)
7 1. (1) , 3 , 3 . (3) , . 24
2. (1) () - . - 40% . ( : 60% . ) (2) () - : 3. (1) - , (2) - , (3) - , . . 4. (1) - : 200mm - : 200mm ( : ) (2) - : 60,000 mm2 (3) - : 16 mm , 4 - : 16 mm , 6 (4) (
g )
g = 1 % ~ 8 %,
g =
(5) - 40 mm - 1.5 - (6) - 40 mm (7) 25
4 3
- D32 : D10 - D35 : D13 . # 16 48
. (8) - 9 mm - : 25 mm ~ 75 mm -
48 d b 300 mm .
- 1.5 . - . (9)
f ck = 21MPa5. (1) - . - . - . - . (2) - . - . 6. (1) ( s ) -
g .
s =
Ag f = 0.45 ( 1) ck s Ac fy
, fy : 400 MPa Ag : Ac : - . (2) (s) 26
s =
4 as a s Dc = = 2 s Dc s Dc ( )s 4
s=
4 as Dc s
s :
a s : d s : Dc :
s
7. - -
l d
f y 400 MPa 0.072 f y d b f y > 400 MPa (0.13 f y 24) d b
- 300 mm . (? .!) -
f ck < 21 MPa
1 . 3
( 21~!) 8. - : - :
f ck > 18 MPa
f y 350 MPa
- : 1 % ~ 8 % 9. P-M (1) - . . P-M P M . 27
(2) P-M
P
P0 Pu
A
B
E
em
in
e
Pbeb
C ( Pb ' Mb )
O F
D
Mb
M
2 P-M A : M=0 . B : ( emin ) * : emin = 0.05 h * : emin = 0.10 h - C : * 0.003 fy . * ( eb ) . - D : P = 0 , M . - E : . - F : M=0, . (3) P-M # C ( . C ( Pb ), (eb ), (Mb ) . e = eb , Pu = Pb B C e eb . e < eb , Pu > Pb 28
c = 0.003 ) ( y =
yEs
)
#
#
-
e > eb , Pu < Pb
10. (1)
Pd = PnPd : Pn : : ( = 0.75, = 0.70 ) () (2) - - 0.75 0.70
emin0.05 h 0.10 h
r () 0.25 d 0.30 h
0.85 0.80
Pd (max) = 0.85 Pn
Pd (max) = 0.80 Pn
11. (1)
Pn = P0 = 0.85 f ck Ac + f y Ast= 0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast, Ag = Ac = Ast = (2) -
Pd = Pn = 0.75 [0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast ]-
Pd (max) = Pn = 0.85 0.75 [0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast ](3) -
Pd = Pn = 0.70 [0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast ]-
Pd (max) = Pn = 0.80 0.70 [0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast ] 14% . 12. -
0.85 f ck , fy 29
(Plastic Centroid) . - . - . - . 13. (eb ) - eb
eb =
Mb Pb k u . r
14. -
. (1)
k u M < (34 12 1 ) r M2,
M1 0.5 M2
(2)
k u < 22 r-
u :
- k : - r : * : r = 0.3 h ( h : , mm ) * : r = 0.25 d ( d : , mm ) * : - M1 : (+), (-) M2 : (3)
k u r
100 .
15. - . () . - (Q) 0.05 . # / (Euler)
2 E I n 2 E I = 1) (Pc ) = (k l ) 2 l230
Pc 2 E n 2 E = = 2) (fc ) = A k l 2 2 ( ) rPc Pc Pc
= 0.5 k
= 0.7
k
k
Pc (1) k =1, n =1
Pc (2) k =1/2, n = 4
k
Pc (3) k =0.7, n =2 (4) k =2, n =1/4
8 1 1. - . 2. (1) 1 - 2 , , . (2) 2 - 2 , , 2 . ( 4 .) (3) ( Flat Plate Slab) - (Drop Pannel) , . (4) (Flat Slab) - . (5) (Waffle Slab) - . (6) (Joist Slab) - () (7) - , , , 31
k
= 2.0
=
(8) - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 .
3. (1) 1 - 1m . (2) 2 - , . 4.
32
n c
+ t )
-
( = n . ( c ) .
( ) . . 3.0 m . 2 1
1. 1 (1) - 1 . * 2 * 2 20% * * 3 ( 2 2 ) * (2) 1 1) # ) ------------
wu l n 11
2
) -------# ----------------------------------2) # ) 2----------------------------------) 3-----------------------------------
wu l n 14
2
wu l n 16
2
wu l n 16 wu l n 10
2
2
33
t
: : :
0 -1/24 -1/16
+ 1/11 + 1/14 + 1/14 -1/9
{ 2 } : : : 0 -1/24 -1/16 + 1/11 + 1/14 + 1/14 -1/9 -1/11 -1/11 -1/11
+ 1/16
+ 1/16
{ 3 }(3) RC -
1 . 2
. - . - 3.0m . . 2. - 1 d . - 1 1 m . - . 3. 1 (1) 1 - 6 , 100 mm . (2) # - : 2 , 300 mm - : 3 , 400mm (3) , () - . . - , . 34
l n
*
f y 400 MPa : 0.0020 f y > 400 MPa : 0.0020 400 0.0014 fy
* 0.0035
- , : 5 , 400 mm 3 2 1. 2
0 .5 < 12. 2
S 1 L
L Vc
Vn 0.50 6. 2 (1)
f ck b0 d
- 2 . (2) .
S 8
.
S 8
.
. (3) (t) : t = ds + 0.5 D + 2 . : 120 mm : 100 mm
3 S 4
.
m 0.2
0.2 < m 2.0 : 120 mm m 2.0 : 90 mm (4) - 2 , 300 mm (5) - 150 mm . (6) -
1.0
1 5
. , . .
37
L 5
L 5
L 5
L 5
7. - 2 45 . (1) (' wS )
- . (2) (' wL )
ws =
'
w S 3
- .
ws =
'
w S 3 m2 ( ) 3 2m= S Lws ws' = 2
,
ws 2
Lsws 3 wL'
L
s
s
L
8. (column strip) . ,
0.25 1 0.25 2
1 : 2 : 1 38
(middle strip) 2 . (panel) . . , 4
9 1 1. - (retaining wall) . 2. (1) - 3m . (2) - T . 3~7m . (3) - 7.5 m . - (tension tie) . - 1/2 . - T . (4) - . - (compression strut) . - . - .
2 1. , , . . , . . , . # : ,, , : , , 39
-
:
A=
P qa
2. (1) - . - . - , . (2) - . - 3 2 . - . (3) - T , . - (tension tie) , (compression strut) . 3 1. - . - . - . 2. - (overturning), (sliding), . (1)
Fs =
M r V x = = 2.0 M o H y
, V : H : R
1 . 3
(2) : , .
Fs =
F V tan V f = = = 1.5 H H Hf :
, : (shear key) . 40
(3) (qmax ) (qa ) .
q=
V M V M V 6V e y= = A I A Z B L L B2V 6e (1 ) B B
L=1m q (max, min) = #
e
B : R 6
3
V V = 0
1 q max 3a L = V 2 q max =
2 V 3 L a
L=1 ,
q max =
2 V 3 a
q max < q a , q a : 3 .
q max
qu 3
41
V
R
V
R
V
R
a B/2
e B/2
a B/2
e B/2
a B/2
e B/2
qmax
qmin
qmax
qmax
3a
e B/6
4 1. (1) - 20% . (2) - , , , (3) () - V . - 9m . - .
(4)
- , , , . - , . - 30m . ( , 20 m . ) - .
42
(5) - 16mm , 400 MPa : 0.0020 - 0.0025 - 16mm : 0.0020 - 3 , 400mm . ( ) (6) - ( ) 65 mm 4.5 m . - 300 mm . (7) - 1 : 0.02 .
10 1 1. - (footing) . 2. (1) 1 . (2) 2 .
43
(3) 2 . (4) . (5) . 3. . . . , . . 4. (1) - (service load) . (2) (A)
A=, P :
P qa
q a : 5. ( qu ) - .
Pu A , q u : -
qu =
44
Pu : A : 2 1. (1) - , , ( ) . () . - () . - . (2) . (S) (Ms )
Ms =
1 qu L ( B t ) 2 8
Ms . (L) (ML )
ML =
1 qu B ( L t ) 2 8 qu :
ML . , L : S : t : 2. (1) 1 - d . - Vu .
Vu = qu ((2) 2 - - Vu
Lt d) B 2
d . 2
Vu = qu [ B L (t + d ) 2 ]
45
t+ dd/2 d/2
B
d
t
B
t
t+ d
L( 1)
L( 2)
Vu = qu ((3)
Lt d) B 2
Vu = qu [ B L (t + d ) 2 ]
- : 2 . 3 .. 1. 1m 1 . , . . 2. (1) - 2 - - 2 - (2) - . (3) - . 3. (1) - - ( )
46
( Cantilever )(2) - . - . - . 4 150 mm , 300 mm . 200 mm . . , . .
11 . . 1 (Culvert) 1. - () . 2. (1) (Pipe Culvert) - : . - : . (2) (Bxo Culvert) - : . , , . - : 1 , 2 , , . - : , .
47
Con' c
(3) - : , . - : , . 3. - - - - ( ) - 4. ( ) 2 (Rahmen) 1. - . - , , . 2. - , . , . - . - . - , . . - . 3. - . 48
1 3
V
V t ( ) . 2
V
V t . (t : , V : ) 3
V t V t , 6 6
. ( ) 4. . . . . 3 (Arch) 1. . 3 : 180 m . 2 : 1 2 180~270m . : 3 RC 30 ~ 120 m .
1 2
2. - . - .
20 : 20 < 70 : . 70 < 200 : . 200 < : 3. - . . 1 m . - . . D13 30 , 300 mm .
400mm 2 , 0.15%
12 PSC 49
# PS To the Contrary RC # RC PSC 1 PSC 1. PSC - (Prestressed concrete) . - PSC . , . . 2. PSC (1) . . . PS . , . PSC PS . PSC .RC < PSC
RC PSC <
. ( Prestress ) # Prestress ( ) (Precast) , , . (2) PSC RC (EI) . PSC . , . , , , , . , , , . 3. PSC (1) ( , ) E.Freyssinet . PSC
50
P
P
P +M .y A I+
+
+-
=M .y I
+
P A
P - M .y A I
f = (+), (-) . PSC
P M yf A I
e P P
t+
P =A
. +M .y - P e.y I I+
+
++
+-
=M .y It
P A
P. e.y I
P =A
. - M .y + P e.y I I
f = PSC
P Pe M y y A I I
51
ex PP .cos
P
P . sin
P .cos . ex P .cos
ex
P. sin
ex . : P cos : P sin :
P (cos ) e x f = P P ex M y y A I I
(2) ( ) - , PS . (3) (, ) - T.Y .Lin . - u .
u l2 = P s (, P cos P ) 8 8 P s u l2 ( u= = Ps ) l2 8
w P s /2
P u
/2s : sag < >
u = w f =
P A u w ( w u ) .52
f =
P M y A IQ P P
u
u = 2 P sin u = Q
P A u Q ( w u ) .
f =
f =
P M y A I
4. PSC RC (PSC ) PSC RC . RC , PSC . PSC . PSC RC . PSC RC . , RC T C , z PSC z , . PSC RC PS RC PSC . 2 PSC 1. PS . (Rre-tensioning) : PS Conc PS Pre-stress
(Post-tensioning) : PS 2. (1) (Full-Prestressing) - . (2) (Partiail-prestressing) - . 53
3. (1) (External prestressing) - . (2) (Internal prestressing) - PS . 4. (1) (Linear prestressing) - . (2) (Circular prestressing) - PSC , PSC, PSC 5. (1) - . (2) - PS . ---free = .*(^^)* 6. (1) - . - . (2) - PS . 3 PSC 1. (1) ( 28 )
f ck 35MPa : f ck > 30 MPa : . conc conc . conc . (2) - , . - . - . - . - . (3) - 25mm . (4) - PS PC . 54
(5) - . 2. PS (1) PS (Wire) : 2.9 ~ 9 mm . . 9.2 mm ~ 32mm . .
(Bar)
(, strand) . . 2, 7, 19, 37, 91 .
(2) PS - . - (
=
100% ) .
- (Relaxation) . - () . (PS ) - . - . - - PS . (3) PS (
E PS )
E PS = 2 10 5 MPa(4) PS - - PS (
f y = 420 MPa ) 4, PC 2 .
- PS : > > - PS . - PS . 0.2 % ( ) . - : 0.02%() - : ( 0.55 ~ 0.70 ) (5) PS - PS 55
f pu ( f pu : PS )
(relaxation) . 3. (1) - , , , (2) - PS (duct) . - , . . (3) - (anchorage) , , . ( . ) - (coupler) . . (4) (grout) - PS , . - PS . - PC * 10 % . * 3 % . * 28 20 MPa . * - 45 % . (5) (duct) - 6mm . - 2 . 4 1. ( = ) (1) - (Jack) PC . (2) - . (3) - ( ) PS . (4) (Prefelx) - PSC (=) . 2. (Pre-tension) 56
(1) - PS . - PS . (2) ( , .) PS PS (3) ( ) (long-line) PS . . , ( ~!) 1 . . PC 1 1 . . PC , PC
(individual mold)
(4)
3. ( Post-tension ) (1) - . (2) , , , PS PS ( ) (3) ( ) 57
PS PS
- # PC PC , PC . () Freyssinet 5 mm, 7mm 8mm PC 12 1 () () . () CCL
7mm PC, PC 1 . () Magnel
PC 8 , Magnel jack .
() : BBRV 4 7mm (anchor head) . () : Dywidag
!
PC . PC , (F.C.M) . ( ) () Baur-Leonhart () PC PC . () Leoba PC . (4) ( ) - . - . (5) ( ) - , , . - . - . . - PSC . - PSC , . - , , .
58
4. PS (Pre) (, ) (Post) (,, )
5 1. .
f ci 1.7 f ct,
f ci :
f ct : : f ci 30 MPa : f ci 25 MPa ( f ck 35MPa , f ck 30 MPa )2. (1) (R)
R=,
Pe Pi
=
()
Pi : .
Pe : .R : ( R = 0.80 ), ( R = 0.85 ) (2) =
P Pi
=
Pi Pe Pi
= 1 R
3. (1) ( ) PC : ( ) (2) ( ) 59
(Creep) (Shrinkage) PC (Relaxation) 4. (1) 1 ( ,
f p = EP
l l
)
E P : ( E P = 2 10 5 MPa )l :
l : : 3 ~ 6 mm : 1 mm (
f P ) 1 2 .
f P = (EP (2) PC . PS
l )2 l
Px = Po e Px : x
,
Po : : x (radian) : PS . , . -
Px = Po e kl
, l : k : 1 m
Px = Po e ( + kl )
l 40m , 30 + kl 0.3 .
60
Px = Po (1 kl ) P = Po Px = Po ( + kl ) = P = + kl Po fP )
(
f p = f po ( + kl ),
f po :
(3) (
fp ) f p = E ps c = E ps f cs Ec = n f cs
,
n : ( =
f cs : E ps EC)
- . - PC . .
1 2
fp =
1 ( ) 2 1 N 1 n f cs 2 N
fp =
, N : 5. (1) (
fp ) f p = n f cs
, : : = 2.0 : = 1.6 2.35 . (2) (
fp )61
f p = E ps sh,
sh : fp ) f p = f cs
(3) PC (
, PS PS , PS : 5 % PS : 3% (Remember) PS (relaxation) .
13 1 1. (1) (SS) (SWS) (SMA) (SV) (2) : 0.15 % : 0.15 % ~ 0.3 % : 0.30 % ~ 0.6 % : 0.6 % 2. (1) (2) 2 1. - . - 75 % . - . 62
* , * , * * 2 2. (1) () ()
(2) . (3) . Bolt , , : .
1. 2. 3. 4.
: I , V - -
(Repeat) ( ~ ^^) ( ~ ^^) 3 1. - 6mm ~ 40mm 10 , 19mm, 22mm , 25mm . 63
# : : : . 2. - : - :
( )
( )3. (1) ( : :
v ) P A
v=
v=
P 2A
, A (= n . (2)
d2 ). n 1 4
fb =
P P = A d t
, t t1 . t2 +t3 .
t2 P/2 P/2 t34. (1) :
t1 P
s = va
d2 464
: ,
s = va
d2 2 4
s :
v a : d ; (2)
s = fb d t,
b :
f b : d : t : (3)
( s ) ( b ) .
5. (n)
n=
P =
, P :
: 6. * , (1) .()
P = f a Ag,
f a :
Ag : (2) . () (An )
An = bn t,
bn : t : .
() (bn ) -(a)
bn = bg n d,
bn : ,65
bg : d : ( + 3mm) n :
bg-(b)
w .
p2 w=d 4g, p : (Pitch) g : (gauge)A B g g C D p F p H E G bg
ABCD :
bn = bg 2d bn = bg d 2w
ABECD : ABEF :
bn = bg d w bn = bg d 2w
ABEGH :
~ . -(C) L .
d
p2 ( ) 4g bn = bg d66
p2 d > ( ) 4g bn = bg d w,
bg = b1 + b2 tg = g1 t
t
b2 t b1 g' bg
p4. , . . . . 3 . 1 30% . 3 3 . , 6 . 4 1. (1) () , . I, V, X, K V, X . (2) (fillet) ( ) , T, , . : () :
(3) (plug) (slot) - : - : 67
. 2. (1) - . - . - . - . (2) - . - . - . - . 4. (1) - = - =
(2) ( : )- : . - : (root) . , (3) ( l ) . - : l = l - : , l =
= 0.707 S
S : (size)
l = l1 sin P
P
P
1
P
- : l =
l1 + l 268
1
2
- : l =
l1 + 2 l 2
1
2
5. - . - 6mm .
t1 > S 2 t 2, t1 : (mm) t2 : (mm) 6. (1) ,
f = v= f : v : a : ()(2)
P ( ) a l P ( ) a l
=
M y I
7. (1) (over lap) . 69
(2) (under cut) . 8. - . - . - . - 60 120 T . 5 1. - , , .( )
1 5
- , M20, M22 M24 . - 8 . , 150mm . - 2 2. - , , . - , . - . - . - . 2. (1) 1 ( ) .(Two)
.
d2 4 , v a : = va d : (2)
n=
P
, P :
: 6 () 1. (1) 70
. , , (girder) . (2) , , . 2. (1) () .. (2) (3) .
(4) .. ( ) ( .) 3. (kgf/m3 ) , , : 7,850 : 2,500 : 2,500 : 2,350 : 2,150 : 2,300 4. DB 1 2 3 W (tonf) DB 24 DB 18 DB 13.5 1.8 W (tonf) 43.2 (=1.8*24) 32.4 24.3 0.1 W (kgf) 2,400 1,800 1,350 0.4 W (kgf) 9,600 7,200 5,400
500 kgf/m2 . 5. - . - .
i=
15 0.3 40 + L
(fifteen / forty plus L is zero point three)
, L : (m) 3. 71
(1) 1m DB-24 : DB-18 :
L + 0.6 P24 kg m ( P24 = 9,600 kg ) 9.6 L + 0.6 P18 kg m ( P18 = 7,200 kg ) 9.6 L + 0.6 P13.5 kg m ( P13.5 = 5,400 kg ) 9.6
DB-13.5 :
, L : (m) (2) .
67% : ( 67% ) L 55 : 50% : ( 50% ) L : 4. (plate girder bridge) I . (1)
120
f =(2) ( vb )
M y I
.
vb =, V : Aw :
V Aw
. (3) (h)
h 1.1 , M : f : t : (4) ( Af )
M f t
Af =, f : h : Aw :
A M w f h 6
72
(5) (stiffner) - (stiffner) . - . - (6) (bracing) - I . - I , , . 5. (1) . (2) .
73