1 2. (1) (2) . (3) . 3. . [] (1) , , (2) . (3) [] (1) . (2) , (3) , 4. (4) 90% . 1/5, 3/4 , 25mm, 40mm . 5. (1) -(W/C) . (2) . (3) , , . 6. - ( W/C ) .

W C7. (1) ( fck)

=

21.5 f ck + 21

- 28 (2) ( fr) - 7 MPa - 30 . . fcr = fck + 1.34 s , fcr = (fck 3.5) + 2.33 s < s : (MPa) > fck (MPa) fcr (MPa) 1

21 21 35 35 8. (1) ( fcu )

fck + 7 fck + 8.5 fck + 10

fcu =

P A

- 100mm, 200mm 0.97 - > - > - f28 . fck 28 fcu = fck + 8 (MPa) (2) ( fsp ) : - 1/9 ~ 1/13 10% - . (3) ( fr ) : - : fsp = 0.63

f ck

(MPa)

(4) Vn = 9. - - : 0.002 - : 0.003 10. (1) ( EC ) - : -

1 6

f ck (MPa)

f C = EC C2

-

secant . 30 MPa , wc = 1450 ~ 2500 kg/m3 Ec = 0.043 * wc1.5

*

f ck (MPa)

wc = 2300 kg/m3 , Ec = 4700 * -

f ck (MPa)

30 MPa , wc = 1450 ~ 2500 kg/m3 Ec = 0.030 * wc1.5

*

f ck + 7700(MPa)

wc = 2300 kg/m3 , Ec = 3300 * (4) 0.18 . ( 0.15~ 0.20) 11. Creep () (1) - ( x) . (c ) . - (e ) . (2) () () = (3) - : , , , W/C , , - : , , , , , , 12. (1) - . - . - : , - : , (2) - - , 2 . . 3

f ck

+ 7700(MPa)

c = e

-

, .

13. - . 14. - fy 550 MPa . - fy 400 MPa . - . 15. (1) ( Es ) Es = 2 * 105 (MPa ) 16. (n)

42.6 2 10 5 Es = = n= Ec 4700 f ck f ckfck (MPa) n 18 10 21 9 24 9

6 ( )30 8

28 8

17. (1) - . : 25mm , 4/3 (2) - : 40mm , 1.5, 1.5 (3) - 2 4 . - 40 db . - D35 . 18. (1) - - - (2) [ ] - : 100mm ---- - : 80mm 4

- * , , D35 : 40mm D35 : 20mm * , : 40mm 19. (2) - - - 20. (1) ( )

fca = 0.4 fck21. . (1) SD30 : fsa = 150 (MPa) (2) SD35 : fsa = 175 (MPa) (3) SD40 : fsa = 180 (MPa)

2 1.

( ) Sn U

( ) fc fcafs fsa (, ) 1) 2) 3) 4) 1) ( x) 2) 5

()

1 1) 2) 3)

1)

2) , (U) = 1.4D + 1.7L 3. (1)

3)

4)

- , , . - 1 - = 1.4 * + 1.7 * (2) () - , , . - 1 - , : = 0.85 , : = 0.75 : = 0.70 : = 0.80 : = 0.65

4. (1) 1) , , 2) , : n (2) () 1) , , 2) : n : 2n

3 . 1. Md = Mn Mu , ( Md ) = ( Mn ) (, ) ( Mu )

6

2. (1) ( Safety ) : . (2) ( Serviceability ) : . 3. (1) ( X ) . ( )

h 2 h 4 () , () ---- ln 5 ln 5(2) = 0.003 (3) . (6)

1 = 0.85 0.007 ( f ck 28) 0.65

4. (balanced beam) (1) fy 0.003 . (2) (Cb ) Cb = (1) ( b )

600 d 600 + f y f ck A 600 = S f y 600 + f y b d

b = 0.85 1 5. () :

b

b

- 0.003 - ( b ) - 2 . 6. ( ) : - - ( b ) 7

- - : 7. 1) : 2) :

max = 0.75 b

max

=

0.25 f ck fy

1.4 ( ) fy

1/3 . 8. b

c= 0.003

= 1. c

z =d - a/2 a/2

c n n d

C =0.85 f ck . .b

s> 1) (a)

y

T =A s . f y

a=2) ( Mn )

As f y fy d = 0.85 f ck b 0.85 f cka AS f y (d ) 2

Mn = T z =9. (1) - . - (2) - - . - (3)

- . , > 0.75 b , =

As bd f ck A 600 = S b = 0.85 1 f y 600 + f y b d

(4) : 8

1) (a)

a=2) (Mn)

( As As ) f y 0.85 f ck b

'

=

( ' ) f y d 0.85 f ck

Mn = (As As ) * fy * (d 4)

a ) + As * fy * (d d) 2

max = 0.75 b + '

( )

( ) 0.75 ( b + ) - (x : wrong~!)

-

s y =c

fy Es

.

600 600 f y

* d

-

max > > min10. T (1) 1) - 16 tf + bw - -

1 4b

tf

8 tf

bw

8 tf

2) -6

tf + bw9

- (

1 ) + bw 12

- ( l0 3) T

1 )+b 2

w

- T

1 t f bw ) 2 4 . ( 4 b w ), (

1 2

(2) T - , : b - , : T - , : bw b b b

tf

tf

tf

bw

bw

bw

(a) b (3) T

(b) T

(c) bw

b (Web) T . # (a) (tf ) b .

a =

As f y 0.85 f ck b

=

fy d0.85 f ck

a > tf : T a tf : b # 1) Asf 0.85 * fck * b * tf < As fy : T 0.85 * fck * b * tf As fy : b

(4)

Asf =2) (Mn)

0.85 f ck t f (b bw ) fy

10

- Mnf = Asf * fy * (d -

tf 2

)

- Mnw = (As Asf) * fy * (d -

a ) 2 tf 2) + (As Asf) * fy * (d -

- Mn = Mnf + Mnw = Asf * fy * (d (5)

a ) 2

max = 0.75 b = 0.75( b + f ) * Asf bw d

bw b

, b =

() max = 0.75 b + .

4 1. RC (1) RC . (2) - RC .b V average

n

n

d

n

n

V max

1

=, V : , bw : , d : - RC .

V bw d

2.

11

()

=

V

M (tan + tan ) d bw d

a

B

3. - (

f 1 = ) .

- 45 . 4. (1) - , - - (2) - , - - - 5. *

1 . 2

V d M a 1 : d a 2.5 : d a 6: d

, , . *1

, * 2.5

, , . *6

a : d

12

Pa

Pa

a=

M V

( a : )

S =P

(+ )

(-)

M =P.a

(+ )

6. (1) - , . (2) - - 45 - 30 - < (x) wrong~! > - - , (-) , . 7. * V = Vc + Vd + Viy + Vs

13

S =- P

Vint con' c a

Vc Vd Viy Vs

(dowel action) (interlocking) Vi

b c

d

e f g

8.

Vs =

d Av f y s

(, Av s , s , d ) n() =

d s

9. Vs =

Av f y d (sin + cos ) s

10. 1 Vs = - Vs

1

Av f y sin

( )

0.25

f ck bw d .

11. (1)

Vd = Vn Vu

Vn Vu (VC + VS ) Vu, Vu = (, ) 14

Vd = (, ) Vn = (, ) Vc = (, ) Vs = (, ) = 0.80 (2) ( Vc )

Vc =(3) ( Vs )

1 6

f ck bw d

(VC + VS ) VuVs Vu Vc

Vs

Vu Vc d Av f y s

Vs = 12.

d Vu 13. (1) * Vc > Vu . (2)

Vc Vu

1 Vc 2

.

Av = 0.35 - - -

bw s fy

- 250mm I , T 2.5 (1) * Vc < Vu Vn = Vc + Vs = Vc + 15

1 2

Av f y d s

14. - Vs

2 3

f ck bw d

.

- 400 MPa . - d . -

3 4

( 4 3 )

.

- . - ()

0.5 d , 0.75 h 600mm .

() . () Vs

0.5 d 45

1 3

f ck bw d

(), () .

-

f ck 8.37 MPa

15. (1) - , -

ln < 5 d ( l n : )

16. - - - 17. - : 400 MPa - . - 135 . 16

- -

ph 8

, 300 mm .

( 600mm ~!) ph (mm)

m m 00 3 m m 00 3

5 1. - . - (anchorage) . 2. (1) - . - . - . (2) - . - . (3) - . (4) - . (, . ) (5) - (bleeding) . 17

- . 4. (2) - . - . 5. (1) ( l d )

l d = * (=(2) (

As ) 300 mm As

l db )

l db(3)

=

0.6 d b f y f ck

(

d b : )

- ( 30 cm ) : 1.3 6. (1) ( l d )

l d = * (=(2) (

As ) 200 mm As

l db )

l db7.

=

0.25 d b f y f ck

0.04 d b f y

(

d b : )

- 3 20%, 4 33% . 8. (1) - ( l d ) = * 8 d b 150mm ( ) - . 5. (1) - - () - (2) - 18

12 d b . - (3) - . , 6. - 150 mm . - .

l d

1 . 2

1 , 3

ld

Mn + la Vu

( Because )

,

M n : Vu :

l a : , d d b 12 .8. ( ~!) (1) - . - 35mm . - . - 125% . - . # ~ ..(, , etc) ~ *(^^)* (2) - 300 mm . A, B . (cf. 300mm , But 200mm .) - * A 2 , (3) -

1 , 150 mm 5

1 2

l d 19

-

f y 400 MPa 0.072 f y d b f y > 400 MPa (0.13 f y 24) d b

- 300 mm . -

f ck < 21 MPa

1 . 3

10. (1) - , . - . # ( 180 )

4 db

6 cm .

4 db

# 90 90

12 d b . D 10 ~ D25 D 29 ~ D35 D 38

-

3 db4 db

5 db

(2) -

5 db

.

-

10 d b

.

5

d

b

5

db

20

10 db

6 1. (1) : () (2) : (, )

2. (1) : , , (2) : , , , 3. (1) . (2) . ( ) 4. - . . - . ( x ) - - - . - . ( . ) - . . 5. - , , , 6. (1) 60% . (2) : 0.2 mm < 0.1 mm 0.2 mm ~!> (3) : 0.13 mm (4) 100 mm (RC ) - : ( 0.4 mm ) , ( 0.006 tc ) - : ( 0.3 mm ) , ( 0.3 mm ), ( 0.005 tc ) - : 0.004 tc - : 0.0035 tc 21

, tc (mm) 7. (1) 300 MPa

w = 1.08 c f s 3 d c A 10 5 - (2)

c =

f s = 0.6 f y

(3) (4)

d c (mm)

(5) A (mm2)

8. (1) : (2) : . 9. (1) - 2 .

I = Ig =

b h3 12

- - ,

ft =

M yt Igf r = 0.63 f ck

f t < f r , f r (MPa)

(2) -

f t > f r . M cr

M cr =- M

fr Ig yt

M cr I g , 2

I cr . 2 2 I e .

Ie = (

M cr 3 M ) I g + {1 ( cr ) 3 } I cr Ma Ma22

,

M a :

I g : 2 I e : 2 M cr : I cr : 2

I cr =(3)

b h3 + n As (d x) 2 3

I cr < I e < I g

10.

= ( )

=

1 + 50 '

' : , . ( ' =As ) bd'

: 5 12 6 3 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.0

11. = + 12. - #

1 . 800

1 . 1,000

13. ( h : mm ) 1

23

1

L 20 L 16

L 24 L 18.5

L 28 L 21

L 1 0 L 8

14. - # : # :

1.2 (l + 3000 ) 30

(l + 3000) 30

# l : (mm) 15. 2 (1)

a m 0.2

- : 120 mm - : 100 mm

a m < 2.0 : 120 mm (3) a m 2 : 90 mm (2) 0.2 < 16. - . - . - . , . 17. (1) SD30 : 130 (MPa) (2) SD35 : 140 (MPa) (3) SD40 : 150 (MPa) # .

18. - : 27 (MPa)

7 1. (1) , 3 , 3 . (3) , . 24

2. (1) () - . - 40% . ( : 60% . ) (2) () - : 3. (1) - , (2) - , (3) - , . . 4. (1) - : 200mm - : 200mm ( : ) (2) - : 60,000 mm2 (3) - : 16 mm , 4 - : 16 mm , 6 (4) (

g )

g = 1 % ~ 8 %,

g =

(5) - 40 mm - 1.5 - (6) - 40 mm (7) 25

4 3

- D32 : D10 - D35 : D13 . # 16 48

. (8) - 9 mm - : 25 mm ~ 75 mm -

48 d b 300 mm .

- 1.5 . - . (9)

f ck = 21MPa5. (1) - . - . - . - . (2) - . - . 6. (1) ( s ) -

g .

s =

Ag f = 0.45 ( 1) ck s Ac fy

, fy : 400 MPa Ag : Ac : - . (2) (s) 26

s =

4 as a s Dc = = 2 s Dc s Dc ( )s 4

s=

4 as Dc s

s :

a s : d s : Dc :

s

7. - -

l d

f y 400 MPa 0.072 f y d b f y > 400 MPa (0.13 f y 24) d b

- 300 mm . (? .!) -

f ck < 21 MPa

1 . 3

( 21~!) 8. - : - :

f ck > 18 MPa

f y 350 MPa

- : 1 % ~ 8 % 9. P-M (1) - . . P-M P M . 27

(2) P-M

P

P0 Pu

A

B

E

em

in

e

Pbeb

C ( Pb ' Mb )

O F

D

Mb

M

2 P-M A : M=0 . B : ( emin ) * : emin = 0.05 h * : emin = 0.10 h - C : * 0.003 fy . * ( eb ) . - D : P = 0 , M . - E : . - F : M=0, . (3) P-M # C ( . C ( Pb ), (eb ), (Mb ) . e = eb , Pu = Pb B C e eb . e < eb , Pu > Pb 28

c = 0.003 ) ( y =

yEs

)

#

#

-

e > eb , Pu < Pb

10. (1)

Pd = PnPd : Pn : : ( = 0.75, = 0.70 ) () (2) - - 0.75 0.70

emin0.05 h 0.10 h

r () 0.25 d 0.30 h

0.85 0.80

Pd (max) = 0.85 Pn

Pd (max) = 0.80 Pn

11. (1)

Pn = P0 = 0.85 f ck Ac + f y Ast= 0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast, Ag = Ac = Ast = (2) -

Pd = Pn = 0.75 [0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast ]-

Pd (max) = Pn = 0.85 0.75 [0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast ](3) -

Pd = Pn = 0.70 [0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast ]-

Pd (max) = Pn = 0.80 0.70 [0.85 f ck ( Ag Ast ) + f y Ast ] 14% . 12. -

0.85 f ck , fy 29

(Plastic Centroid) . - . - . - . 13. (eb ) - eb

eb =

Mb Pb k u . r

14. -

. (1)

k u M < (34 12 1 ) r M2,

M1 0.5 M2

(2)

k u < 22 r-

u :

- k : - r : * : r = 0.3 h ( h : , mm ) * : r = 0.25 d ( d : , mm ) * : - M1 : (+), (-) M2 : (3)

k u r

100 .

15. - . () . - (Q) 0.05 . # / (Euler)

2 E I n 2 E I = 1) (Pc ) = (k l ) 2 l230

Pc 2 E n 2 E = = 2) (fc ) = A k l 2 2 ( ) rPc Pc Pc

= 0.5 k

= 0.7

k

k

Pc (1) k =1, n =1

Pc (2) k =1/2, n = 4

k

Pc (3) k =0.7, n =2 (4) k =2, n =1/4

8 1 1. - . 2. (1) 1 - 2 , , . (2) 2 - 2 , , 2 . ( 4 .) (3) ( Flat Plate Slab) - (Drop Pannel) , . (4) (Flat Slab) - . (5) (Waffle Slab) - . (6) (Joist Slab) - () (7) - , , , 31

k

= 2.0

=

(8) - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 .

3. (1) 1 - 1m . (2) 2 - , . 4.

32

n c

+ t )

-

( = n . ( c ) .

( ) . . 3.0 m . 2 1

1. 1 (1) - 1 . * 2 * 2 20% * * 3 ( 2 2 ) * (2) 1 1) # ) ------------

wu l n 11

2

) -------# ----------------------------------2) # ) 2----------------------------------) 3-----------------------------------

wu l n 14

2

wu l n 16

2

wu l n 16 wu l n 10

2

2

33

t

: : :

0 -1/24 -1/16

+ 1/11 + 1/14 + 1/14 -1/9

{ 2 } : : : 0 -1/24 -1/16 + 1/11 + 1/14 + 1/14 -1/9 -1/11 -1/11 -1/11

+ 1/16

+ 1/16

{ 3 }(3) RC -

1 . 2

. - . - 3.0m . . 2. - 1 d . - 1 1 m . - . 3. 1 (1) 1 - 6 , 100 mm . (2) # - : 2 , 300 mm - : 3 , 400mm (3) , () - . . - , . 34

l n

*

f y 400 MPa : 0.0020 f y > 400 MPa : 0.0020 400 0.0014 fy

* 0.0035

- , : 5 , 400 mm 3 2 1. 2

0 .5 < 12. 2

S 1 L

L Vc

Vn 0.50 6. 2 (1)

f ck b0 d

- 2 . (2) .

S 8

.

S 8

.

. (3) (t) : t = ds + 0.5 D + 2 . : 120 mm : 100 mm

3 S 4

.

m 0.2

0.2 < m 2.0 : 120 mm m 2.0 : 90 mm (4) - 2 , 300 mm (5) - 150 mm . (6) -

1.0

1 5

. , . .

37

L 5

L 5

L 5

L 5

7. - 2 45 . (1) (' wS )

- . (2) (' wL )

ws =

'

w S 3

- .

ws =

'

w S 3 m2 ( ) 3 2m= S Lws ws' = 2

,

ws 2

Lsws 3 wL'

L

s

s

L

8. (column strip) . ,

0.25 1 0.25 2

1 : 2 : 1 38

(middle strip) 2 . (panel) . . , 4

9 1 1. - (retaining wall) . 2. (1) - 3m . (2) - T . 3~7m . (3) - 7.5 m . - (tension tie) . - 1/2 . - T . (4) - . - (compression strut) . - . - .

2 1. , , . . , . . , . # : ,, , : , , 39

-

:

A=

P qa

2. (1) - . - . - , . (2) - . - 3 2 . - . (3) - T , . - (tension tie) , (compression strut) . 3 1. - . - . - . 2. - (overturning), (sliding), . (1)

Fs =

M r V x = = 2.0 M o H y

, V : H : R

1 . 3

(2) : , .

Fs =

F V tan V f = = = 1.5 H H Hf :

, : (shear key) . 40

(3) (qmax ) (qa ) .

q=

V M V M V 6V e y= = A I A Z B L L B2V 6e (1 ) B B

L=1m q (max, min) = #

e

B : R 6

3

V V = 0

1 q max 3a L = V 2 q max =

2 V 3 L a

L=1 ,

q max =

2 V 3 a

q max < q a , q a : 3 .

q max

qu 3

41

V

R

V

R

V

R

a B/2

e B/2

a B/2

e B/2

a B/2

e B/2

qmax

qmin

qmax

qmax

3a

e B/6

4 1. (1) - 20% . (2) - , , , (3) () - V . - 9m . - .

(4)

- , , , . - , . - 30m . ( , 20 m . ) - .

42

(5) - 16mm , 400 MPa : 0.0020 - 0.0025 - 16mm : 0.0020 - 3 , 400mm . ( ) (6) - ( ) 65 mm 4.5 m . - 300 mm . (7) - 1 : 0.02 .

10 1 1. - (footing) . 2. (1) 1 . (2) 2 .

43

(3) 2 . (4) . (5) . 3. . . . , . . 4. (1) - (service load) . (2) (A)

A=, P :

P qa

q a : 5. ( qu ) - .

Pu A , q u : -

qu =

44

Pu : A : 2 1. (1) - , , ( ) . () . - () . - . (2) . (S) (Ms )

Ms =

1 qu L ( B t ) 2 8

Ms . (L) (ML )

ML =

1 qu B ( L t ) 2 8 qu :

ML . , L : S : t : 2. (1) 1 - d . - Vu .

Vu = qu ((2) 2 - - Vu

Lt d) B 2

d . 2

Vu = qu [ B L (t + d ) 2 ]

45

t+ dd/2 d/2

B

d

t

B

t

t+ d

L( 1)

L( 2)

Vu = qu ((3)

Lt d) B 2

Vu = qu [ B L (t + d ) 2 ]

- : 2 . 3 .. 1. 1m 1 . , . . 2. (1) - 2 - - 2 - (2) - . (3) - . 3. (1) - - ( )

46

( Cantilever )(2) - . - . - . 4 150 mm , 300 mm . 200 mm . . , . .

11 . . 1 (Culvert) 1. - () . 2. (1) (Pipe Culvert) - : . - : . (2) (Bxo Culvert) - : . , , . - : 1 , 2 , , . - : , .

47

Con' c

(3) - : , . - : , . 3. - - - - ( ) - 4. ( ) 2 (Rahmen) 1. - . - , , . 2. - , . , . - . - . - , . . - . 3. - . 48

1 3

V

V t ( ) . 2

V

V t . (t : , V : ) 3

V t V t , 6 6

. ( ) 4. . . . . 3 (Arch) 1. . 3 : 180 m . 2 : 1 2 180~270m . : 3 RC 30 ~ 120 m .

1 2

2. - . - .

20 : 20 < 70 : . 70 < 200 : . 200 < : 3. - . . 1 m . - . . D13 30 , 300 mm .

400mm 2 , 0.15%

12 PSC 49

# PS To the Contrary RC # RC PSC 1 PSC 1. PSC - (Prestressed concrete) . - PSC . , . . 2. PSC (1) . . . PS . , . PSC PS . PSC .RC < PSC

RC PSC <

. ( Prestress ) # Prestress ( ) (Precast) , , . (2) PSC RC (EI) . PSC . , . , , , , . , , , . 3. PSC (1) ( , ) E.Freyssinet . PSC

50

P

P

P +M .y A I+

+

+-

=M .y I

+

P A

P - M .y A I

f = (+), (-) . PSC

P M yf A I

e P P

t+

P =A

. +M .y - P e.y I I+

+

++

+-

=M .y It

P A

P. e.y I

P =A

. - M .y + P e.y I I

f = PSC

P Pe M y y A I I

51

ex PP .cos

P

P . sin

P .cos . ex P .cos

ex

P. sin

ex . : P cos : P sin :

P (cos ) e x f = P P ex M y y A I I

(2) ( ) - , PS . (3) (, ) - T.Y .Lin . - u .

u l2 = P s (, P cos P ) 8 8 P s u l2 ( u= = Ps ) l2 8

w P s /2

P u

/2s : sag < >

u = w f =

P A u w ( w u ) .52

f =

P M y A IQ P P

u

u = 2 P sin u = Q

P A u Q ( w u ) .

f =

f =

P M y A I

4. PSC RC (PSC ) PSC RC . RC , PSC . PSC . PSC RC . PSC RC . , RC T C , z PSC z , . PSC RC PS RC PSC . 2 PSC 1. PS . (Rre-tensioning) : PS Conc PS Pre-stress

(Post-tensioning) : PS 2. (1) (Full-Prestressing) - . (2) (Partiail-prestressing) - . 53

3. (1) (External prestressing) - . (2) (Internal prestressing) - PS . 4. (1) (Linear prestressing) - . (2) (Circular prestressing) - PSC , PSC, PSC 5. (1) - . (2) - PS . ---free = .*(^^)* 6. (1) - . - . (2) - PS . 3 PSC 1. (1) ( 28 )

f ck 35MPa : f ck > 30 MPa : . conc conc . conc . (2) - , . - . - . - . - . (3) - 25mm . (4) - PS PC . 54

(5) - . 2. PS (1) PS (Wire) : 2.9 ~ 9 mm . . 9.2 mm ~ 32mm . .

(Bar)

(, strand) . . 2, 7, 19, 37, 91 .

(2) PS - . - (

=

100% ) .

- (Relaxation) . - () . (PS ) - . - . - - PS . (3) PS (

E PS )

E PS = 2 10 5 MPa(4) PS - - PS (

f y = 420 MPa ) 4, PC 2 .

- PS : > > - PS . - PS . 0.2 % ( ) . - : 0.02%() - : ( 0.55 ~ 0.70 ) (5) PS - PS 55

f pu ( f pu : PS )

(relaxation) . 3. (1) - , , , (2) - PS (duct) . - , . . (3) - (anchorage) , , . ( . ) - (coupler) . . (4) (grout) - PS , . - PS . - PC * 10 % . * 3 % . * 28 20 MPa . * - 45 % . (5) (duct) - 6mm . - 2 . 4 1. ( = ) (1) - (Jack) PC . (2) - . (3) - ( ) PS . (4) (Prefelx) - PSC (=) . 2. (Pre-tension) 56

(1) - PS . - PS . (2) ( , .) PS PS (3) ( ) (long-line) PS . . , ( ~!) 1 . . PC 1 1 . . PC , PC

(individual mold)

(4)

3. ( Post-tension ) (1) - . (2) , , , PS PS ( ) (3) ( ) 57

PS PS

- # PC PC , PC . () Freyssinet 5 mm, 7mm 8mm PC 12 1 () () . () CCL

7mm PC, PC 1 . () Magnel

PC 8 , Magnel jack .

() : BBRV 4 7mm (anchor head) . () : Dywidag

!

PC . PC , (F.C.M) . ( ) () Baur-Leonhart () PC PC . () Leoba PC . (4) ( ) - . - . (5) ( ) - , , . - . - . . - PSC . - PSC , . - , , .

58

4. PS (Pre) (, ) (Post) (,, )

5 1. .

f ci 1.7 f ct,

f ci :

f ct : : f ci 30 MPa : f ci 25 MPa ( f ck 35MPa , f ck 30 MPa )2. (1) (R)

R=,

Pe Pi

=

()

Pi : .

Pe : .R : ( R = 0.80 ), ( R = 0.85 ) (2) =

P Pi

=

Pi Pe Pi

= 1 R

3. (1) ( ) PC : ( ) (2) ( ) 59

(Creep) (Shrinkage) PC (Relaxation) 4. (1) 1 ( ,

f p = EP

l l

)

E P : ( E P = 2 10 5 MPa )l :

l : : 3 ~ 6 mm : 1 mm (

f P ) 1 2 .

f P = (EP (2) PC . PS

l )2 l

Px = Po e Px : x

,

Po : : x (radian) : PS . , . -

Px = Po e kl

, l : k : 1 m

Px = Po e ( + kl )

l 40m , 30 + kl 0.3 .

60

Px = Po (1 kl ) P = Po Px = Po ( + kl ) = P = + kl Po fP )

(

f p = f po ( + kl ),

f po :

(3) (

fp ) f p = E ps c = E ps f cs Ec = n f cs

,

n : ( =

f cs : E ps EC)

- . - PC . .

1 2

fp =

1 ( ) 2 1 N 1 n f cs 2 N

fp =

, N : 5. (1) (

fp ) f p = n f cs

, : : = 2.0 : = 1.6 2.35 . (2) (

fp )61

f p = E ps sh,

sh : fp ) f p = f cs

(3) PC (

, PS PS , PS : 5 % PS : 3% (Remember) PS (relaxation) .

13 1 1. (1) (SS) (SWS) (SMA) (SV) (2) : 0.15 % : 0.15 % ~ 0.3 % : 0.30 % ~ 0.6 % : 0.6 % 2. (1) (2) 2 1. - . - 75 % . - . 62

* , * , * * 2 2. (1) () ()

(2) . (3) . Bolt , , : .

1. 2. 3. 4.

: I , V - -

(Repeat) ( ~ ^^) ( ~ ^^) 3 1. - 6mm ~ 40mm 10 , 19mm, 22mm , 25mm . 63

# : : : . 2. - : - :

( )

( )3. (1) ( : :

v ) P A

v=

v=

P 2A

, A (= n . (2)

d2 ). n 1 4

fb =

P P = A d t

, t t1 . t2 +t3 .

t2 P/2 P/2 t34. (1) :

t1 P

s = va

d2 464

: ,

s = va

d2 2 4

s :

v a : d ; (2)

s = fb d t,

b :

f b : d : t : (3)

( s ) ( b ) .

5. (n)

n=

P =

, P :

: 6. * , (1) .()

P = f a Ag,

f a :

Ag : (2) . () (An )

An = bn t,

bn : t : .

() (bn ) -(a)

bn = bg n d,

bn : ,65

bg : d : ( + 3mm) n :

bg-(b)

w .

p2 w=d 4g, p : (Pitch) g : (gauge)A B g g C D p F p H E G bg

ABCD :

bn = bg 2d bn = bg d 2w

ABECD : ABEF :

bn = bg d w bn = bg d 2w

ABEGH :

~ . -(C) L .

d

p2 ( ) 4g bn = bg d66

p2 d > ( ) 4g bn = bg d w,

bg = b1 + b2 tg = g1 t

t

b2 t b1 g' bg

p4. , . . . . 3 . 1 30% . 3 3 . , 6 . 4 1. (1) () , . I, V, X, K V, X . (2) (fillet) ( ) , T, , . : () :

(3) (plug) (slot) - : - : 67

. 2. (1) - . - . - . - . (2) - . - . - . - . 4. (1) - = - =

(2) ( : )- : . - : (root) . , (3) ( l ) . - : l = l - : , l =

= 0.707 S

S : (size)

l = l1 sin P

P

P

1

P

- : l =

l1 + l 268

1

2

- : l =

l1 + 2 l 2

1

2

5. - . - 6mm .

t1 > S 2 t 2, t1 : (mm) t2 : (mm) 6. (1) ,

f = v= f : v : a : ()(2)

P ( ) a l P ( ) a l

=

M y I

7. (1) (over lap) . 69

(2) (under cut) . 8. - . - . - . - 60 120 T . 5 1. - , , .( )

1 5

- , M20, M22 M24 . - 8 . , 150mm . - 2 2. - , , . - , . - . - . - . 2. (1) 1 ( ) .(Two)

.

d2 4 , v a : = va d : (2)

n=

P

, P :

: 6 () 1. (1) 70

. , , (girder) . (2) , , . 2. (1) () .. (2) (3) .

(4) .. ( ) ( .) 3. (kgf/m3 ) , , : 7,850 : 2,500 : 2,500 : 2,350 : 2,150 : 2,300 4. DB 1 2 3 W (tonf) DB 24 DB 18 DB 13.5 1.8 W (tonf) 43.2 (=1.8*24) 32.4 24.3 0.1 W (kgf) 2,400 1,800 1,350 0.4 W (kgf) 9,600 7,200 5,400

500 kgf/m2 . 5. - . - .

i=

15 0.3 40 + L

(fifteen / forty plus L is zero point three)

, L : (m) 3. 71

(1) 1m DB-24 : DB-18 :

L + 0.6 P24 kg m ( P24 = 9,600 kg ) 9.6 L + 0.6 P18 kg m ( P18 = 7,200 kg ) 9.6 L + 0.6 P13.5 kg m ( P13.5 = 5,400 kg ) 9.6

DB-13.5 :

, L : (m) (2) .

67% : ( 67% ) L 55 : 50% : ( 50% ) L : 4. (plate girder bridge) I . (1)

120

f =(2) ( vb )

M y I

.

vb =, V : Aw :

V Aw

. (3) (h)

h 1.1 , M : f : t : (4) ( Af )

M f t

Af =, f : h : Aw :

A M w f h 6

72

(5) (stiffner) - (stiffner) . - . - (6) (bracing) - I . - I , , . 5. (1) . (2) .

73