学術研究 ツールキット2

遺伝資源を利用する学術研究のためのアクセスと利益配分に関するガイダンス

ABS 学術対策チーム国立遺伝学研究所

ABS Task Force Team for Academia

遺伝資源を利用する学術研究のためのアクセスと利益配分に関するガイダンス

国立遺伝学研究所 　　　

学術対策チーム

ABS

ツールキット2

学術研究ABS

2

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Prior Informed Consent : PIC ....... 13 (Mutual Agreed Term: MAT ) ....................... 14

(Benefit-sharing) ........................................................................... 14 (Compliance) ......................................................................................... 15

(Genetic Resources Related Traditional Knowledge) .................................................................................................. 16

( ).............................. 19 ................................................................ 19

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5

1992

( CBD)1993 12

1

1 2 3

6

7

8

2

1. 2.

9

1 ABS

(PIC)

MAT)

ABSABS-CH

IRCC

(MAT)

ABSPIC:MAT:

10

1993

11

1

"Biological resources" includes genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity. "Country of origin of genetic resources" means the country which possesses those genetic resources in in-situ conditions

"Country providing genetic resources" means the country supplying genetic resources collected from in-situ sources, including populations of both wild and domesticated species, or taken from ex-situ sources, which may or may not have originated in that country.

"Genetic material" means any material of plant, animal, microbial

1 2

12

or other origin containing functional units of heredity.

"Genetic resources" means genetic material of actual or potential value.

2 (c)(e)

(c) “Utilization of genetic resources” means to conduct research and development on the genetic and/or biochemical composition of genetic resources, including through the application of biotechnology as defined in Article 2 of the Convention

(c)

(d) “Biotechnology” as defined in Article 2 of the Convention means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

(d)

(e) “Derivative” means a naturally occurring biochemical compound resulting from the genetic expression or metabolism of biological or genetic resources, even if it does not contain functional units of heredity.

(e)

2 2

13

Prior Informed Consent : PIC

2012 ABS Management Tool3

Prior informed consent (PIC) is permission obtained by the user of a genetic resource from the government and other providers, as the case may be, after fully disclosing all the required information that permits access to their genetic resources, and associated traditional knowledge, under mutually agreed terms (MATs)

PIC PIC

(competent national authority)

PIC

PIC PIC

PIC

PIC MATs

PICPIC

3 Stratos; “ABS Management Tool”, vol. 1, I-21-I-25

14

PICPIC

PICPIC

PIC

(Mutual Agreed Term: MAT )

Mutually agreed terms (MATs) are conditions and provisions of access and benefit-sharing, among others, negotiated between the user and the provider and involving other relevant stakeholders

MAT

MAT MAT PIC

MAT

(Benefit-sharing) Benefit-sharing is participation in the economic, environmental,

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scientific, social, or cultural benefits resulting or arising from access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge under mutually agreed terms (MATs).

( )

MATPIC MAT

PIC MAT

(Compliance)

Compliance means meeting the requirements and obligations of

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national (domestic) ABS legislative, administrative, or policy measures on access to genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources. Similarly, compliance means meeting the requirements of national (domestic) laws and administrative or policy measures of the country in which genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge are utilized. In both cases, compliance also means meeting the requirements and obligations documented in MAT.

ABS

ABS

ABS

ABS MAT PIC

PIC MAT

(Genetic Resources Related Traditional Knowledge) Traditional knowledge, innovations,

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and practices is the context of knowledge resulting from intellectual activity in a traditional context and includes the know-how, skills, innovations, practices and learning that form part of traditional knowledge systems, and knowledge embodying traditional lifestyles of indigenous and local communities, or contained in codified knowledge systems passed between generations

MAT

18

19

( )

20

4 2009

4 http://www.keidanren.or.jp/japanese/policy/2009/026.html.

21

2

1 2 3 4

22

1993 ( )

23

24

NGO

25

26

27

28

29

EU

5 8 (a)

30

31

32

EU 4 due diligence6

6 REGULATION (EU) No 511/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL,

Article 4 Obligations of users, 1.

33

1992

( CBD)1993 12

2010

34

102014 10 12

1992

19921992

1992

7

8

7 2 8 2

35

9

10

in vitro

11

12

9 15 3 6 1 10 2 11 8 j 12 7 12

36

WIPO

152002

13

15 1

13 http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-bonn-gdls-en.pdf 14 15 1

37

15

Prior Informed Consent: PIC15 PIC

7

15 15 5 24–40 6 7

38

15 5

16

Mutual Agreed Term: MAT

17

1. 16 http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/biodiv/abs/index.html 17 15 4 41–44 5

39

2. 3.

PICMAT 18

PIC

MAT

18 15 3

40

19

19 12 1

41

20

21

20 2 (c) 21 15 7 5

42

43

1

IRCC 22 PICMAT GPS DNA

22 17 2 3 4

44

45

1993 12

1993 5

1993 12

15

17

46

47

48

WIN-WIN

50

49

Competent National Authorities

National Focal Point, NFP 23

PIC 24

23 https://absch.cbd.int/find 24 15 5 24–40 6 7

50

PICPIC

MAT 25

25 15 4 41–44 5

51

MAT

PIC MAT

PICMAT

52

53

26

27

26 2 (c) 27 15 7

54

55

56

57

ABS

ABS

58

DNAGenBank

15 3

59

PIC

CBDCITES

Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI ) Principles on Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-sharing for Participating Institutions

60

International Plant Exchange Network (IPEN) Code of Conduct for botanic gardens governing the acquisition, maintenance and supply of living plant material

1993

1993

PIC

61

62

63