「心理測驗」是輔導與諮商的過程中，一個

不可或缺的重要工具，因為透過心理測

驗的結果，能夠使主試者更有效的掌握每個受試者的狀

況，了解受試者目前的心理狀態、適應情形以及自我意

念等等。

然而，並非每個受試者都能了解心理測驗的目的為

何，所以對心理測驗產生排斥或是恐懼的心理，因而在

受試時多所保留甚至偽裝作答，進而影響到心理測驗的

結果，接著使主試者因其結果產生錯誤判斷，而錯誤判

斷也可能造成輔導與諮商工作者必須運用多次的個別諮

商才能釐清受試者是否真的有心理層面問題，而造成心

輔資源的浪費。

但是探究其原因，其實都是導因於有許多甚至是大

多數的受試者不了解心理測驗，因此，若是主試者能夠遵

從「測驗倫理」，必然能夠使受試者對於心理測驗有進一

步的了解，而在作答的時候更能誠實作答，使測驗結果更

貼近每個受試者的真實狀況，避免心輔資源的浪費。

筆者試以測驗實施之前、測驗實施之後以及解釋測

驗結果三個部分，淺談關於「測驗倫理」的概念：

（一） 測驗實施之前，必須切實遵守「告知後同意」，其要件如下：

1. 主試者須告知受試者有權利決定是否在測驗中

透露其思想、感覺或有關個人的事實，甚至作

何種程度的透露，都屬於其「隱私權」。

2. 主試者在施測前必須告知受試者測驗的「目的」。

3. 主試者施測前必須向受試者說明測驗結果將如

何使用以及有哪些人有權得知測驗結果。

淺談淺談「測驗倫理」「測驗倫理」A Talk on Psychological Testing Ethics A Talk on Psychological Testing Ethics

文｜葉修宏 ◇Article｜ Ye Xiu-hong ◇

"P sychological testing" is one of the essential and effec-

tive tools in consultation, because the result enables

counselors to assess adaptive conditions, psychological status or

beliefs of subjects.

In reality, not every subject is able to appreciate the pur-

pose of psychological testing though, as fear or ignorance may

lead him/her to reject a psychological test by holding back or

fabricating data of his/her own accord. Matters as such may in-

fl uence authenticity of psychological testing results and in turn,

the counselor's assessment and understanding of the subject. The

incorrectly oriented evaluation may take more consultation ses-

sions and waste more psychological resources than necessary in

order to discover real issues.

All of these are caused mostly by a subject's misunder-

standing of psychological testing. Compliance with "testing eth-

ics" must be followed so that subjects are equipped with better

knowledge of the testing in order to make authentic answers and

waste of psychological resources can be reduced to a minimum.

By following the three steps below, before the tests, after

the tests and during test interpretation, the author would like to

share concepts of test ethics:

I Before testing, "informed consent" is always a must:

1. The counselor is obliged to inform the subject of his/her

own rights of privacy to disclose any personal thinking,

feelings, or facts to the certain extent in his/her own will.

2. The counselor is obliged to inform the subject of purposes

before testing.

3. The counselor is obliged to inform the subject of how the

testing results are to be used, and who is authorized to ac-

cess the testing results.

溫 老 師 園 地海 洋 立 國 ． 台 灣 出 發

36 Vol.40―2009 海巡雙月刊

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國 ． 台 灣 出 發海 洋 立洋 立

CCounseling ounseling FFieldield

（二） 測驗實施之後，必須切實遵守「保密原則」，其要件如下：

1. 除非受試者的測驗結果符合某些例外，例如透

露出自殺意念、傷害他人意圖等，否則，不得

任意將測驗結果告知他人。

2. 若是測驗結果需作教學範例使用，必須將測驗

資料上的真實姓名完全移除，並掩飾其來源，

不得使他人能夠推之測驗當事人為何人。

3. 測驗結果的保存，也必須嚴守保密性原則，一

般心理測驗結果保存一段時間之後，必須予以

銷毀，以妥善保護當事人權利。

（三） 解釋測驗分數時，必須落實下列各要件：

1. 避免只給數字，應補充說明數字背後代表的涵

義，最好是當面口頭說明並配合文字敘述，以

幫助受試者了解測驗的目的和結果。

2. 輔以其他相關資料，作為解釋分數的依據。例

如受試者的家庭背景、教育程度、語文能力、

身心狀況、受測時的情境與場合等，主試者須

「客觀」的解釋測驗分數，避免流於武斷及主

觀。

3. 解釋分數時，應「設身處地」瞭解受試者的感

受，避免傷害受試者的自尊心。

上述三大項的測驗倫理，只是重點式的條列出一些

原則性的倫理議題，然而，在實務上，或許有更多在此

無法詳述的情形，若遇到特別的狀況，則有賴各位心理

測驗主試者自行評估判斷，那麼，屆時需如何遵守測驗

倫理呢？筆者認為，無論是施測前、施測中以及施測後

乃至於解釋測驗分數時，永遠記得一個觀念—「為受試

者最佳利益、避免傷害受試者」，應該就是永遠適用的

「測驗倫理」吧！

（本文作者任職於中部地區巡防局訓練大隊）

II. After testing, confi dentiality must be complied with as follows:

1. Unless testing results reveal certain exceptions, for example

intentions of suicide or doing harm to others and so on, test-

ing results must be kept from all others.

2. Under the circumstance that testing results are to be pre-

sented in class as examples, personal information such

as names and other details must be completely removed,

to the extent that others have no way to form conjectures

about the subject.

3. The maintenance of test results also needs to strictly fol-

low confi dentiality regulations and rules. The regular psy-

chological test results, after being kept for a period of time,

must be destroyed to protect the subject's rights.

III. Testing interpretation requires the following concerns:

1. Avoids give only numbers, meanings represent the num-

bers must be explained, oral explanation with written de-

scription is best to help the subject to understand testing

purpose and result. The counselor shares connotations of

testing results rather than scores orally and face to face, to

help the subject realize the testing purpose and results.

2. The counselor sSupplements relevant information, such

as family background, educational level, language pro-

fi ciency, physical and mental conditions, occasion or at-

mosphere at which the subject pursued for help and so

on, as evidence of testing scores. An objective, rather than

subjective and judgmental attitude, is required in testing

interpretation.

3. The counselor shall "put him/herself in the shoes of the

subject", trying to sympathize how the subject feels with-

out doing harm to his/her own esteem.

The three major points of test ethics only include some prin-

ciples of ethical issues, however, in reality more unpredictable oc-

casions may be coped with through counselors' own evaluation

and judgment. How to comply with testing ethics when the hour

comes? No matter before, during or after testing, or during test-

ing interpretation, always remember "to consider the subject in

his/her best interest." In my opinion, it is applicable anywhere

and anytime.

(The author is currently with the training corps of Central

Coastal Patrol Offi ce)

2009 • • Vol.40 ⇥ 海 巡 雙 月 刊

l.ll.ll雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙 月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月月 刊月 刊月月 刊刊刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月 刊月 刊月月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月 刊月 刊月 刊刊刊刊刊月月 刊月 刊月月 刊月 刊月 刊刊刊刊月月月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月 刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月 刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊月月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊

2020

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2009―Vol.40 海巡雙月刊 37

去年十二月底，我惶恐的擠在一大群入伍新兵之

間，一同搭上前往軍營的巴士，正式展開為期

一年的軍旅生活。那一刻，只知道自己即將前往成功嶺

接受陸軍新兵訓練，對於新訓完畢之後的未來卻是一無

所知。直到新訓告一段落，所有結訓新兵齊聚餐廳抽籤

時，望著手中那張細細的籤條紙，上面寫著「行政院海

岸巡防署」，才意識到手中所抽起的籤，將決定整個服

役生涯的記憶。二月初，再次搭上運送新兵的巴士，駛

向一個逐漸撥雲見日的未來，此時我已知道自己即將成

為一個海巡尖兵，但卻仍對可能的分發地點存有一絲疑

慮。就在進到海巡署中部巡防局訓練大隊的幾個小時

後，經過專長分發的程序，確定將在剩餘的軍旅生涯

裡，擔任中巡局訓練大隊的心輔員。

在訓練大隊擔任心輔員是一件很幸運的事，因為所

有的海巡新兵都必須進到訓練大隊接受海巡相關知識技

能的基礎教育，以利將來成為一個稱職的岸巡員。這意

味著訓練大隊的心輔員將有機會站在第一線接觸所有的

海巡新兵，親身貼近了解海巡新兵們的煩惱，並盡自己

所能提供新兵心理諮商服務及日常生活協助，這個看似

簡單的工作，其實蘊含了不簡單的意義。

曾經在一個早晨裡，用畢早飯，經過生活大樓的公

共電話旁，看見一個海巡新兵正利用飯後短暫的休息時

間打電話回家報平安，該名新兵手握著話筒，頭垂得低

心輔心輔情緣情緣My Counseling NotesMy Counseling Notes

A t the end of last December I was squeezed fearfully into

a large group of new recruits on the bus to the barracks

and offi cially launched a year of military life. At that time, I was

prepared for starting army recruit training in Chengkungling,

without knowing the future after it. At the end of training, all

of the new recruits gathered in the restaurant for a ballot. It was

not until the label in my hand read "Coast Guard Administra-

tion", that I fi nally realized how the label would determine my

memory of military service. In early February, once again I took

the recruit bus toward a visible future; I knew I was to become

a Coast Guard vanguard with concern of my assigned location.

A few hours after I stepped into the training corps in the Central

Coastal Patrol Offi ce, a procedure of specialty distribution took

me to be one of the psychological counselors in the training corps

of Central Coastal Patrol Offi ce.

Being a psychological counselor in the training corps is

very lucky for me, because all of the Coast Guard recruits must

accept relevant knowledge and skills here in order to become a

competent Coast Guard member. It means that counselors in the

training corps have the opportunity to see all the Coast Guard

new recruits at the fi rst line, to understand their troubles, and

to provide them with counseling service and daily life advice as

possible. The task is simple yet actually means a lot.

On one morning after breakfast I went by a public tele-

phone next to the residential building, and saw a new Coast

Guard recruit talking on the phone with his family members

during a short break. Even without knowing his words, by his

uneasy actions; grabbing the phone speaker, pretending strength

and intentionally keeping his volume down in a trembling tone,

文｜陳逸凡 ◇Article｜ Chen I-fan ◇

溫 老 師 園 地海 洋 立 國 ． 台 灣 出 發

38 Vol.40―2009 海巡雙月刊

溫 老溫 老ss t r ot r or ooor ot r oot r or o n g n g n g n g n gn g mm amm a rm a rm a rm a rm rrr i n ei n ei n ei n ei n ei n e n an an an a n a n ann t i ot i ot i ot i ot i ot i o nn , n , n , , Ta iTa iTa iTa iTa iTa iaaTa iaTaa i w aw aw aw a nw a nw a nw a nw a nwwww s e s e s ees e t s t s t s t st S a iS a iS a iS a iiS ii llllllllBB u iu iB u i l d il d id ii n g n g n gn gn g a sa saa a

國 ． 台 灣 出 發海 洋 立洋 立

CCounseling ounseling FFieldield

低的，手拉著衣角，我並未聽見他說了什麼，只知道他

刻意壓低音量，想要表現出獨立堅強的樣子，然而他不

安的動作及顫抖的語調，卻掩蓋不住他對陌生環境的恐

懼以及對家人的思念。這匆匆一瞥的場景，卻在我腦海

中留存了許久，我為其中流露出的真情所感動，更再次

肯定了自己所揹負的「心輔員」這三個字，是一個極具

意義的任務。面對硬梆梆的受訓課程，帶隊的班長或授

課教官或許無法全面兼顧每一位受訓學員的心理需求，

此時心輔人員將是海巡新兵們訴說不安、抒發情緒、甚

至反映問題的最佳管道。

在擔任心輔員數個月的期間裡，每當工作較為繁重

導致心煩意亂的時候，總會想起那個早晨看見的畫面，

這個畫面每每成為讓我再次振作起精神的原動力。如今

我已不復記得他究竟是哪一梯次的新兵，甚至從來就不

知道他究竟是誰。在我心中他所代表的，乃是所有徬徨

無助的海巡新兵，只要訓練大隊存在一天，心輔室的門

就會為他們敞開一天。看著當初自己晤談過的新兵們紛

紛順利投入一線岸巡工作，甚至在數週後重新回到訓練

大隊接受士官訓，臉上洋溢著自信而神氣的笑容，就更

加令我確定，能夠在訓練大隊擔任心輔員，是軍旅生涯

中最幸運也最榮幸的一件事。

（本文作者任職於中部地區巡防局訓練大隊）

I was able to determine he missed home and feared in an unfa-

miliar environment. This glimpse resided in my head for a long

time, touched me, and re-affi rmed the signifi cance of my duty to

be a psychological counselor. Rigid training courses may prevent

instructors or squad leaders from taking care of mental needs

of every trainee. In such cases, counselors are the best people to

hear uneasiness, feelings, and problems from new Coast Guard

recruits.

In the few months spent counseling people, whenever the

work made me upset the scene of that particular morning always

fl ashed back and became my driving force. So far I no longer re-

member exactly which unit he belonged to, and never even knew

who he was. In my mind, he represents every helpless Coast

Guard recruit. As long as the training corps exists, the psycho-

logical counseling offi ce remains open for them. Every confi dent

and smiling face of the new recruits who have been my cases

successfully devoting themselves into the frontier coast guard

duties, or of those who even return back to the training corps

for non-commissioned offi cer training after few weeks, all ensure

me that being a psychological counselor is the luckiest and most

honored task in my military career.

(The author is currently with the training corps of the Central

Coastal Patrol Offi ce)

2009 • • Vol.40 ⇥ 海 巡 雙 月 刊

.llll.ll刊刊刊刊刊雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙 月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊雙雙雙雙雙 月月月月月雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙雙 月月月月月月月 刊月 刊月 刊月 刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊刊

20222020

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2009―Vol.40 海巡雙月刊 39