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Electric Machinery (EE3820)Electric Machinery (EE3820)(())

C. M. Liaw ()Department of Electrical Engineering,

National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.

2

G M

M

+

-DCV

(Introduction to Electric Machinery)(Introduction to Electric Machinery)

Transformer()Generator

Motor

Transmissionline

Distributionline

Transformer()

-

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NS

A A

B

B

C

CRotating

33--phasephasemotormotor

+

-

+

-

220V

+

-110V

+

-110V

3300V

a

b

a

b

va+

v b+

0 866.N P

0 5. N P 0 5. N P

NS

N S

NP

( )0

( )0

( )0

( )0

Two - phaseThree- phaseScott -T connection

Prime mover

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(Electric Machinery) ()()

(1) () (Generator) ()(Motor)

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Load

Electric power

Mechanicalpower=

Electric power

MechanicalPower =

Load

Field ArmatureArmature Field

Primemover

DCsource

mmT mmT

mTm

mTm

6

(2) (Transformer)

i

Flux

Load~+

-

1

v1 v2

i2+

-

N N1 2

V1/V2= I2/I1= N1/N2 (Impedance transformation) (Isolation)

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Linear ActuatorsElectromagnetic Valves

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(Stator)(Rotor)(Field winding)(Armature winding)

,

.

,,

.

Case 1: Case 2:

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()

: (Permanent, PM)

(Separately excited)

(Self excited)

(Shunt excited) (Series excited)

(Compound)

(Long shunt)(Short shunt)

(Differential compound)

(Cumulativecompound)

(Flat)

(Under)

(Over)

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: (Synchronous machine)

(Induction motor)

(Split-phase motor)(Capacitor motor):

Capacitor-startCapacitor-runCapacitor-start capacitor-run (Shaded-pole motor)()(Universal motor)()

(Wound-rotor or slip-ring)(Squirrel-cage)

()

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:

(Stepping motor) (Switched-reluctance motor (SRM):

( )

(Brushless DC motor, BDCM)()

(Ultrasonic motor)

(Direct drive (DD) motor)Possess high Possess high and smooth torque at low speedand smooth torque at low speed

(Linear motor)

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(Transformers)

: (Autotransformer)

(Potential transformer, PT)(Current transformer, CT)

(Pulse transformer)

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(Actuator)

AC

(IM) SM(DC)

, (2kW )

(~100W) : SRM

(Switched-Reluctance Motor)

, (~300W)

(1) (2) DC(BDCM)

(, 30W~2kW)

~

DC

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(DC or AC)

(DC, AC)

()

(()) (())

(())

(())

DC sources

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3AC source

+

-

Inverter

VdcAC

motor

VVVF 3

voltage

Rectifieror SMR

EC Load

Switching and drivingCommand Controller

Current feedback

Velocity and/or position feedback

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IM

Rectifier InverterFilter

DC source or single-phase AC source

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:

EMU-100

GEC

1979

()EP-EM-ET-ET-ED()

120km/h

1275 kw/1710 hp 101.8

EP-EM-ET-*2ED-

/ATW/ATS

EP-44 EM-52ET-52 ED-44

6313(,)

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Japan - Osaka

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London

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Hong Kong

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Vienna

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Germany

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LRV-II

Light rail (streetcar, tramway, or trolley) is lightweight passenger rail cars operating singly (or in short, usually two-car, trains) on fixed rails in right-of-way that is not separated from other traffic for much of the way. Light rail vehicles are typically driven electrically with power being drawn from an overhead electric line via a trolley or a pantograph.

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LRV

IM

a

b

c

ias

ibs

ics

dcVLT

eT r

+

T1 T3 T5

T4 T6 T2

dci

BR

BSW

C

L

IM

a

b

c

ias

bsi

csidcV

LT

eT r

+

1T 3T 5T

4T 6T 2T

dci

BR

BSW

C

L

IM

a

b

c

ias

bsi

csidcV

LT

eT r

+

1T 3T 5T

4T 6T 2T

dci

BR

BSW

C

L

IM

a

b

c

ias

bsi

csidcV

LT

eT r

+

1T 3T 5T

4T 6T 2T

dci

BR

BSW

C

LInverter7.5kVA(DM1)

ACV220

1

Inverter7.5kVA(DM2)

ACV220

1

A/C Inverter40kVA(DM1)

A/C Inverter40kVA(DM2)

AC3

AC3

Auxiliarypower supplies

Switchingcontrolscheme

Feedbacksignals

CommandsPropulsionlogic

controller

Mastercontroller

Rectifiersystem

V ,DC 750

AC3

DC link

Pantograph

Catenary wirePower station

Utility grid

1L

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Japan-

Japan-

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Typical ratings of High-speed trains

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(a) (b)(c)

(a) (b)(c)

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Elevator Traction-Machine Motors

Mitsubishi Electric ADVANCE, vol.103, pp. 2-4, 2003.

3.7kW, 93rpm

Key features of motors:Motor drive must have high reliability. Higher torque for accelerating elevator car and smaller

ripple torque to yield comfortable ride. Compact and thin motor structure for meeting the

machine room-less requirement. Motor type: concentrated armature winding PMSM: the used PM

should posses high long-term resistance to demagnetization. The temperature coefficient and aging effect should be considered.

Key issues for ripple torque reduction of PMSM: PM shape optimization. Winding arrangement: the ratio of pole and slot numbers, the skew arrangement. Thin PMSM motor (thin thickness and large diameter):

Concentrated winding.The magnetic saturation effect should be considered: the shapes and dimensions

the stator teeth and the shapes of the permanent magnets. Manufacturing tolerances lead to the increase of ripple torque.

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Example: phono-motor, outer-rotor motor

Three-phase, square-wave BDCM, Hall sensor

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Example: Fan motor, outer-rotor motorTwo-phase, square-wave BDCM, Hall sensor

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Dri

ver

Dri

ver Driver D

rive

r

Dri

ver

Dri

verRectifier(or SMR)

~ SM RE

PWM signals

Practical IssuesIn Inverter Miniaturization

Line drawn power quality requirement.SMR may be needed, which can be used to boost the DC link voltage, but its control scheme realization should be considered.

Miniaturizationof filtering bulk capacitor.Braking resistor.

Isolated coupling for PWM signal.Isolated DC sources for IGBT gate driver

circuits.

Current sensorsand their signal conditioners.

Incrementalor absolute type of positionsensors.

The kinds of lines and connectors.

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Toshiba ProductsToshiba Products

www.toshiba.co.jp/index.htmwww.toshiba.co.jp/index.htm

Smaller rating: IGBT module + gate driver + square wave PWM scheme

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Smaller rating: Single chip inverter + sine wave PWM predriver IC

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Intelligent Power Module Based AC motor drive

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P.C. Sen, Ph. D, Fellow IEEE PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRIC MACHINES AND PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRIC MACHINES AND POWER ELECTRONICSPOWER ELECTRONICSSecond Edition (1997), John Wiley and Sons, New York(This best seller text book, used worldwide, presentsa comprehensive coverage on electrical machineswith relevant topics in power electronics and electric drive systems. A large number of examples andProblems are included in each chapter. The ten chapters and five appendices are as follows:

Chapter 1: Magnetic Circuits Chapter 2: Transformers Chapter 3: Electromechanical Energy Conversion Chapter 4: DC Machines Chapter 5: Induction (Asynchronous) Machines Chapter 6: Synchronous Machines Chapter 7: Single-Phase Motors Chapter 8: Special Machines Chapter 9: Transients and Dynamics Chapter 10: Power Semiconductor Converters Appendix A: WindingsAppendix B: Balanced Three-Phase CircuitsAppendix C: Units and Constants Appendix D: Laplace Transforms Appendix E: Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems