1. Mc lc Excel 2010 Thm tnh nng Sparkline ...........................................................................................................................8 Tnh nng Slicers..........................................................................................................................................9 nh d ng d li u c i u ki n .................................................................................................................10 PivotTables v PivotCharts .......................................................................................................................12 Share Workbook .......................................................................................................................................12 I.N i dung chnh ........................................................................................................................................13 Ch ng 1: Lm Quen V i Microsoft Excel .........................................................................................13 I.1Gi i thi u Excel .............................................................................................................................13 Excel l g:......................................................................................................................................13 Ribbon l g?..................................................................................................................................17 S d ng th c n ng c nh (shortcut menu) ...............................................................................18 I.2.M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh c a s ..........................................................................19 Phng to, thu nh c a s Excel ......................................................................................................19 Thu nh c a s Excel .....................................................................................................................20 Phng to c a s Excel ....................................................................................................................20 Thot kh i Excel .............................................................................................................................20 1.3. Thao tc v i v vng ................................................................................................................20 Nh n d ng v vng (cells, range) ................................................................................................20 Ch n vng ......................................................................................................................................21 Sao chp v di chuy n vng ...........................................................................................................21 Dn c bi t (Paste Special) ..........................................................................................................22 t tn vng ..................................................................................................................................23 Thm ch thch cho .....................................................................................................................24

2. Chn, xa , dng v c t ................................................................................................................25 Thay i r ng c t v chi u cao dng ........................................................................................27 N i (Merge) v b n i cc (Split) ................................................................................................29 Chuy n m t n i v l i nhi u ..............................................................................................29 1.4. Di chuy n trong b ng tnh v s d ng phm t t .........................................................................29 Thanh cu n d c, thanh cu n ngang ...............................................................................................30 Thanh Sheet tab.............................................................................................................................30 S d ng cc t h p phm t t di chuy n ...................................................................................31 1.5 Thao tc v i workbook ................................................................................................................32 T o m i workbook ........................................................................................................................32 L u workbook ................................................................................................................................33 ng workbook..............................................................................................................................35 S p x p workbook .........................................................................................................................36 1.6. Thao tc v i worksheet ...............................................................................................................36 Chn thm worksheet m i vo workbook .....................................................................................36 i tn worksheet .........................................................................................................................37 Xa worksheet...............................................................................................................................37 S p x p th t cc worksheet .......................................................................................................37 Sao chp worksheet.......................................................................................................................38 Ch n mu cho sheet tab ................................................................................................................38 n/ Hi n worksheet ......................................................................................................................39 1.7 S d ng cc ch hi n th trong qu trnh thao tc .............................................................39 S d ng thanh Zoom .....................................................................................................................40 Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhi u c a s .............................................................................40 Chia khung b ng tnh lm nhi u ph n v c nh vng tiu ....................................................41 3. S d ng Watch Window ................................................................................................................42 Ch ng 2: Lm vi c v i d li u trong Excel ..............................................................................................42 2.1. Nh p li u, hi u ch nh .................................................................................................................42 Nh p li u .......................................................................................................................................42 Nh p cc k t c bi t .................................................................................................................44 Hi u ch nh n i dung ......................................................................................................................45 Nh p ln c s n n i dung ......................................................................................................45 S d ng cc k thu t khi nh p li u ...............................................................................................46 2.2. nh d ng ...................................................................................................................................50 nh d ng chung ............................................................................................................................50 B ng v nh d ng b ng (table) .....................................................................................................58 S d ng m u nh d ng ti li u (Document Themes) ...................................................................60 2.3 Tm v thay th d li u ...............................................................................................................61 2.4 S p x p v l c d li u .................................................................................................................62 Ch ng 3: Gi i Thi u V S D ng Cc Hm ..............................................................................................66 3.1 Gi i thi u cng th c v hm: ......................................................................................................66 Gi i thi u cng th c (Formula) ......................................................................................................66 Gi i thi u hm (Function) .............................................................................................................68 Nh p cng th c v hm ...............................................................................................................69 Tham chi u trong cng th c ........................................................................................................71 Cc l i thng d ng (Formulas errors) ...........................................................................................73 3.2 Cc hm trong excel.....................................................................................................................74 a. Nhm hm v th ng k ..............................................................................................................74 b. Nhm hm v phn ph i xc su t .............................................................................................76 c. Nhm hm v t ng quan v h i quy tuy n tnh ......................................................................78 4. d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions ....................................................................................79 e. Danh m c cc Cc Hm Qu n l C s d li u v Danh sch ....................................................83 f. HM TON H C V L NG GIC ...........................................................................................100 g. HM X L VN B N V D LI U ..........................................................................................113 Ch ng 4: Khai Thc C S D Li u ........................................................................................................130 4.1. Sort (s p x p) v Filter (l c) ......................................................................................................130 S p x p ........................................................................................................................................130 L c d li u ..................................................................................................................................131 4.2.1 Gi i thi u PivotTable v PivotChart ........................................................................................133 T o m t bo co PivotTable n gi n .........................................................................................133 4.2.2 Tm hi u d li u ngu n c a PivotTable ..................................................................................148 4.2.3 S d ng cc cng c c a PivotTable v nh d ng PivotTable ...............................................162 Ch ng 5: Th Trong Excel .................................................................................................................175 5.1 Gi i thi u th ........................................................................................................................175 5.2. V th ..................................................................................................................................176 5.3. Cc thao tc trn th ...........................................................................................................181 a. Nhn bit cac thanh phn trn thi .....................................................................................181 Cac thanh phn thng dung .........................................................................................................181 Mt s thanh phn chi co trong thi 3-D ..................................................................................181 b. Cc thao tc v i th ............................................................................................................182 Chon thanh phn trn thi .......................................................................................................182 Di chuy n thi ..........................................................................................................................182 Sao chp thi ...........................................................................................................................183 Xa thi ....................................................................................................................................183 Thm cac thanh phn c a thi .................................................................................................183 5. S p x p va xa cac thanh phn c a thi ..................................................................................183 In thi .......................................................................................................................................183 c. Hi u ch nh v nh d ng th ...............................................................................................184 Hi u ch nh Chart Area .................................................................................................................184 Hi u ch nh Flot Area ...................................................................................................................185 Hi u ch nh tiu thi, ch thch, tiu truc hoanh va truc tung, ....................................186 Hi u ch nh ng l i ngang va doc ..........................................................................................187 d. Cc thao tc v i chu i s li u trong th .............................................................................191 Xa b t m t chu i s li u kh i thi .........................................................................................191 Thm chu i m i vao thi .........................................................................................................192 Thay i chu i s li u .................................................................................................................193 Thm ng xu h ng vao thi ...............................................................................................195 Ch ng 6: nh D ng Trang V In B ng Tnh ..........................................................................................196 6.1. Cc ch hi n th trang trong Excel .......................................................................................196 6.2. Thi t l p thng s cho trang in .................................................................................................197 6.3. Thi t l p thng s h p tho i Print ...........................................................................................203 6.4. Cc l u khc ...........................................................................................................................205 Ch ng 7: Lm Vi c V i Macro, Templates ............................................................................................205 7.1 Macro........................................................................................................................................205 Ghi m t Macro .............................................................................................................................205 Th c thi Macro ............................................................................................................................207 Ch ng 8: Phm T t V Th Thu t ..........................................................................................................208 8.1 Phm T t ....................................................................................................................................208 a. Truy c p Ribbon b ng bn phm ..................................................................................................208 b. Phm t t .......................................................................................................................................208 6. 8.2 Th thu t ...................................................................................................................................211 1.D ch s ti n v ch (Chuy n s thnh ch ) .................................................................................211 2.Gi u b ng tnh Excel chuyn nghi p ............................................................................................216 4.S d ng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngu n n m trong m t Sheet khc ................................223 5.i u khi n Conditional Formating b ng checkbox. .....................................................................226 6.nh d u nh ng ch a cng th c b ng Conditional Formatting ..............................................235 7.S d ng ch c nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong mu n. ..........................236 8.Chuy n i con s d ng vn b n sang s th c ............................................................................237 9.Tng thm s l n Undo cho Excel ................................................................................................240 10.Tch h v tn trong cng m t c t trn b ng tnh Excel ............................................................243 11.T o m c l c trong Excel .............................................................................................................244 7. I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010 1. Chc nng Backstage View Giao din ribbon ca Office 2010 c a vo tt c cc ng dng trong gi Office 2010. Cng c Backstage View c truy cp qua phm Office (gc trn bn tri), h tr s dng cc tc v nh lu ti liu hoc in n. Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php ai sa ti liu, kch c file... 8. Thm tnh nng Sparkline Excel lun c d liu th v biu rt phong ph m t d liu v xu hng. Vi Excel 2010, Microsoft b sung thm mt tnh nng mi - Sparklines. Tnh nng ny cho php ngi dng t mt th c nh (mini) hay mt dng nhn nh khuynh hng trong mt (cell). Sparklines l cch nhanh nht v n gin nht thm thnh phn th hin th vo mt cell. 9. Sparkline l cch hu ich thm mt yu t trc quan nhanh v gn. Tnh nng Slicers Slicers l mt trong nhng tnh nng trong Excel 2010 c th gip bn gii thch d liu ca bn d dng hn. Mt cch nhanh chng, bn c ci nhnh trc quan su thng qua s lng ln d liu. V d, bn c th s dng Slicers lc thng qua cc d liu ca bn v c th nhanh chng tm thy nhng thng tin c lin quan Khi d liu trong bng tr (Pivot Table) thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht. 10. nh dng d liu c iu kin Chc nng conditional format mi bao gm nhi kiu nh dng v icons v kh nng t sng ch nhng mc c ch nh nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht .. vi ch 1 c click chut y l chc nng rt hay trong Excel 2010. Nu bn c mt bng vi nhiu s liu khc nhau, thng thng nh gi d liu, chng ta thng dng cc hm rt trch v lc d liu. Tuy nhin, vi chc nng ny, bn khng cn dng hm, cng khng cn ly d liu ra khi bng m vn c th nh gi chnh xc d liu qua cch lm ni bt cc theo mt iu kin nh sn. Thc hin nh sau: qut chn mt ct hoc dng d liu cn nh gi, sau bm nt Conditional Formatting, mt menu hin ra vi cc ty chn: Kiu nh gi sng lc: Kiu nh gi ny s sng lc d liu ca bn ngay ti trong bng ch khng phi trch ring ra ngoi nh cc phin bn Excel trc y. Chng trnh thc hin sng lc ti ch bng cch lm ni bt ln nhng ng vi iu kin hoc quy lut do bn quy nh. Sau y l hai nhm quy lut chnh: Highlight Cells Rules: lm ni bt cc theo mt trong cc iu kin: Greater Than... (ln hn), Less Than... (nh hn), Equal To (bng) mt gi tr so snh no , Between (gia 2 gi tr), Text that Contains ( ch c cha chui k t quy nh), A Date Occurring (theo qung thi gian), Duplicate Values ( d liu trng nhau). Khi bn chn xong mt iu kin lm ni bt, s xut hin mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp gi tr cn so snh v mu t ni bt cho ph hp vi iu kin so snh . Xong, bn bm OK chng trnh thc thi trong bng tnh. - Top/Bottom Rules: quy lut ny gm cc iu kin: Top 10 Items (nh du 10 c gi tr ln nht), Top 10% (nh du 10% s c gi tr ln nht), tng t vi Bottom 10 Items v Bottom 10%, Above Average ( c gi tr ln hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng), Below Average ( c gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng). Khi bn chn nh gi theo d liu hng Top hoc Bottom, mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp s cn lm ni, chng hn nh Top 10 hay 20, Top 10% hay 20%... l ty bn tinh chnh, sau bm OK hon tt. Kiu nh gi hin th mc : 11. - Data Bars: bn bm chn kiu nh gi ny, chn mt mu ng trong menu hin ra. Khi , trong vng d liu ca bn s xut hin ct mu nh gi mc d liu gip bn d dng so snh cng nh nhn ra s tng gim ca s liu nhp vo. Ct mu cng di th s liu ca bn cng c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng gi tr thp. - Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu khc nhau, ng vi mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao. Khi chn nhm Color Scales, bn hy chn mt nhm mu bn thch trong menu hin ra v s thy chng trnh p dng ln vng chn ca bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu theo mnh bng cch chn Color Scales > More Rules. - Icon Sets: bm chn Icon Sets, chn mt nhm biu tng mong mun, chng trnh s t ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn, gip bn c ci nhn trc quan v bng tnh. V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung bnh, v du biu th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng bo ng. Mi biu tng ng vi mt mc , chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca ton ct hoc dng ang so snh v tin hnh t biu tng thch hp vo tng theo gi tr phn trm m t c so vi mc chung ca c ct hoc dng. Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch chn More Rules trong nhm Icon Sets. Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh nhng quy lut nh gi khc bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting > New Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt mt thi gian. Tt nht bn nn s dng nhng quy lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y cho bn. Khi bn khng va vi cc nh dng chn, xa chng m khng mt d liu, bn bm Conditional Formatting > Clear Rules, chn mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear Rules from: Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct chn), Entire Sheet (xa trong c sheet), This Table (ch xa trong bng ang x l). C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php chng ta to ra nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa hc v bt mt. c bit nht l tnh t ng cao, giao din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi, sng lc d liu chun xc v c o. Chc chn khi s dng chc nng ny, bn s thy hng th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tnh ton trong Excel. 12. PivotTables v PivotCharts Ging nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c thc hin mt cch d dng trong giao din mi ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic lc c cung cp cho PivotCharts. Khi bn to mt PivotChart, cc cng c PivotChart c bit v cc menu ni dung c cung cp bn c th phn tch d liu trong biu . Bn cng c th thay i layout, style v nh dng ca biu hoc cc thnh phn khc ca n theo cng mt cch m bn c th thc hin cho cc biu thng thng. Trong Office Excel 2010, vic nh dng biu m bn p dng c duy tr khi thay i sang PivotChart, iu ny l mt b sung nng cp theo cch m n lm vic trong cc phin bn Excel trc y. Share Workbook Microsoft Excel 2010 c th tch hp vi SharePoint cung cp cc cng c qun l ni dung d hiu, thun tin cho vic chia s kinh nghim, tri thc, nng cao nng sut lm vic nhm. 13. I. Ni dung chnh Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel I.1 Gii thiu Excel Excel l g: Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng, m khi chyr chng trnh ng dng ny s to ra mt bng tnh v bng tnh ny gip ta d dng hn trong vic thc hin: Tnh ton i s, phn tch d liu Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau V th v cc s T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro V nhiu ng dng khc gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi ton khc nhau. Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook l mt tp tin m trn bn lm vic (tnh ton, v th, ) v lu tr d liu. V mi workbook c th cha nhiu sheet (bng tnh), do vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin (file). Mt workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet hay chart sheet ty thuc vo b nh my tnh ca bn. Worksheet: Cn gi tt l sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn c gi l bng tnh. Mt worksheet cha nhiu (cell), cc c t chc thnh cc ct v cc dng. Worksheet c cha trong workbook. Mt Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng (phin bn c ch cha c 256 ct v 65,536 dng). Chart sheet: Cng l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. Mt chart sheet rt hu ch khi bn mun xem ring l tng th. Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn cc tab t ti gc tri di ca ca s workbook. di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc ta ch vic nhp chut vo tn sheet cn n trong thanh sheet tab. 14. Cc thnh phn ca Workbook Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XLSX (da trn chun XML gip vic trao i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l .XLS. Giao din Excel 15. Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh rt thng hay s dng nh to tp tin mi, m tp tin, lu tp tin, v danh mc cc tp tin m trc . Nt lnh Office ging nh thc n File ca cc phin bn trc. Chng ta c th ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta hay s dng nht. Nhn vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh cn cho hin ln thanh lnh truy cp nhanh. Nu cc nt lnh y cn qu t bn c th nhn chn More Commands m ca s iu ch thanh lnh truy cp nhanh. Cc lnh trong thc n Office 16. Bng la chn lnh truy cp nhanh 17. Hp thoi ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh Ribbon l g? Ribbon: Excel 2010 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh thc n truyn thng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay trn mn hnh gi l Ribbon. C cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer, Add-Ins. Thanh cng c Ribbon 18. Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic nh: ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa dng hoc ct, sp xp, tm kim, lc d liu, Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th, k hiu, Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thit lp in n. Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range), cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel. Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch, phn tch d liu, Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc , cc thit lp bo v bng tnh. View: Thit lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia mn hnh, Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh vin, nhng ngi c hiu bit v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon. Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin ch b sung, cc hm b sung, S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu) Khi mun thc hin mt thao tc no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th, hnh v) trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp tc mt thanh thc n hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng cho i tng m bn chn. 19. Thc n ng cnh I.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s 1.2.1. M Excel Thao tc: B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di bn tri B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi chn Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel 2010 th dng li. B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng khi ng Excel. Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel 20. Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel Thu nh ca s Excel Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu gn li thnh mt biu tng trn thanh Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start. Phng to ca s Excel Thao tc: Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh Nhp chut vo biu tng thu gn ca Excel trn thanh Taskbar bn pha di mn hnh Thot khi Excel Thao tc: Nhp chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng c th thot Excel bng cch nhn nt Office chn Exit Excel. 1.3. Thao tc vi v vng Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) a ch mt trong Excel c xc nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. Mt vng trong bng tnh c xc nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca vng v a ch gc di bn phi ca vng (c du : phn cch). c bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c xc nh l : (v d ct A th c xc nh ngn gn l A:A) v : (v d a ch ca c mt dng 4 l 4:4). V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v s dng l 11, vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u tin ca vng c a ch l H2 v cui ca vng l H12. 21. a ch v vng Chn vng Nu dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn tri ca vng cn chn, sau gi tri chut ko xung di qua phi n v tr cui cng ca vng v th chut. Nu dng phm th sau khi chn u tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi nhn phm v n cui ca vng v th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l chn cui ca vng trc v ko chn n u tin). Khi mun chn c sheet hin hnh th nhn , cn mun chn c workbook (ngha l chn tt c cc sheet) th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Select All Sheets. Sao chp v di chuyn vng Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong bng tnh v d liu gc cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp nhng d liu gc s c di di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn trc tin bn phi chn vng cn sao chp hay di chuyn, sau c th dng nt lnh, phm tt hay dng chut thc hin: 22. Dng Ribbon: Chn vng Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt hay (Copy hay Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt (Paste). Bn c th gi cc lnh trn t thc n ng cnh nhp phi chut. Chut: Chn vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl nu l sao chp (khng gi thm phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) ko chut ti ni ch cn sao chp hay di chuyn n v th chut. Dn c bit (Paste Special) Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct t b nh vo vi mt s chn lc no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn hy s dng Paste Special Sau khi chn vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao chp n v nhp phi chut, chn lnh Paste Special. hp thoi Paste Special c mt s la chn nh bng sau: Gii thch hp thoi Paste Special Hng mc M t All Dn c gi tr v nh dng ca vng ngun Formulas Dn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng 23. Values Ch dn gi tr v kt qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng Formats Ch dn vo nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc Comments Ch dn vo ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc Validation Ch dn vo cc qui nh xc thc d liu cho vng ch All using source theme Dn vo mi th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun All except borders Dn vo mi th v loi b cc khung vin Column widths Ch dn vo thng tin qui nh chiu rng ct Formulas and number formats Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s, cc nh dng khc b loi b. Values and number formats Dn vo gi tr, kt qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con s. None Khng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo Add Cng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng vng ch Subtract Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s tr i cc tng ng ca vng ngun. Multiply Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca vng ngun. Divide Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca vng ngun Skip blanks . Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng ch Transpose Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li Paste Link Dn vo v tham chiu ch n ngun t tn vng Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao thc v x l tnh ton nh: vng c gn tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l cc a ch n thun, t tn gip vic 24. tham chiu tnh ton t sai st hn v di chuyn hay chn cc vng c t tn rt nhanh chng t Name box (hoc dng Go to F5). Tn di ti a 255 k t khng cha khong trng v du chm, tn phi bt u l k t khng c bt u l s, tn khng c t ging cc a ch tham chiu. t tn trc tin ta chn vng cn t tn chn nhm Formulas Defined Names Define Name, hp thoi New Name hin ra. y, bn hy nhp tn vng vo hp Name chn Scope, nhp ch thch nu cn, xong th nhn OK. Ngoi ra bn cn c th t tn trc tip t hp Name box hoc t tn cho vng chn t Formulas Defined Names Create from Selection hoc dng thc n ng cnh. Mun m hp thoi qun l cc tn t bn vo nhm Formulas Defined Names Name Manager. T hp thoi bn c th t tn mi, hiu chnh thng tin cho cc tn hin hoc xa tn ca cc vng khng dng n, Thm ch thch cho hm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang cha c r rng hn. thm ch thch v , chn chn nhm Review Comments New Comment v hy nhp ch thch vo. Ngoi ra bn c th nhp phi chut ln cn ch thch v chn Insert Comment. c ch thch ch cn r chut ln c ch thch hoc vo Review Comments Next hay Previous. n/ hin ch thch vo Review Comments Show All Comments (n/ hin tt c) hoc Show/ Hide Comment (n/ hin ch thch ang chn). 25. Hiu chnh ch thch vo chn cn hiu chnh ch thch Review Comments Edit Comment. Ngoi ra nhanh bn c th nhp phi chut v chn Edit Comment t thc n ng cnh. Xa ch thch vo chn cn xa ch thch Review Comments Delete. Hoc nhp phi chut v chn Delete Comment. Minh ha cho hin cc ch thch Chn, xa , dng v ct Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh trong worksheet v dch chuyn cc ang chn qua phi hoc xung di. Tng t, ta c th chn thm cc dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri v c th xa i cc , cc dng v ct. Chn trng B1. Chn cc m bn mun chn cc trng vo (mun chn cc khng lin tc th gi Ctrl trong khi chn cc ). B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Chn la chn ph hp trong hp thoi Insert Chn dng 26. B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s dng tng ng pha trn cc dng ny. B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Rows Minh ha chn cc dng trng ln trn cc dng ang chn Chn ct B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s ct tng ng pha bn tri cc ct ny. B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns Xa cc , dng v ct B1. Chn cc , cc dng hoc cc ct cn xa B2. Chn Home Cells Delete chn kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh) 27. Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng Trong worksheet ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t c th hin th trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t, khi rng l 0 th ct c n i. Tng t, chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n 409, y l n v o lng bng im (point: 1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0 th dng b n i. Cc bc iu chnh dng ct: B1. Chn dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng B2. Chn Home Cells Format Chn lnh ph hp Row Height chn lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng AutoFit Row Height chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh chiu cao dng cho ph hp vi ni dung. Column Width chn lnh ny qui nh rng ct AutoFit Column Width chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh rng ct cho ph hp vi ni dung. Default Width chn lnh ny khi bn mun qui nh li rng mc nh cho worksheet hay c workbook. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi thc hin lnh. Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct. Tng t, mun 28. thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu cao dng. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi thc hin lnh. Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu cao dng. 29. Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split) Ni nhiu thnh mt Khi ni nhiu thnh mt , nu tt c cc u c d liu th bn cn chuyn ht d liu ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca ny c gi li, d liu ca cc khc s b xa. B1. Chn cc cn ni li. B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu trong dng cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment. Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu Sau khi chuyn ni v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng bn tri. B1. Chn ang b ni. B2. Chn Home Alignment chn li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells u c. 1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang, sheet tab, cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet hay i n cc ni bt k trong bng tnh. 30. Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang Thanh cun dc v thanh cun ngang c gi chung l cc thanh cun (scroll bars). Bi v mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh ang thao tc, nn ta phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng tnh. Thanh cun dc l thanh di nht, nm dc bn l phi; hai u c hai mi tn ln v mi tn xung; gia c thanh trt cun mn hnh ln xung. Thanh cun ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C hnh dng ging thanh cun dc, ch khc l nm ngang. Thanh cun ngang Thao tc: Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tri cun mn hnh i sang tri. Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cun mn hnh sang phi. Thanh Sheet tab di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh sheet tab. Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng di chuyn n sheet lin trc sheet hin hnh v di chuyn n sheet lin sau sheet hin hnh. tr v sheet u tin bn nhp chut v nt trn thanh sheet tab v n sheet cui cng th bn nhp chut vo nt trn thanh sheet tab. Nu mun n mt sheet no trong trng hp c qu nhiu sheet th bn hy nhp phi chut vo thanh v chn tn sheet cn n. 31. S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn n c ni cn thit trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cun cc thanh cun ngang v dc, cc phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm bng bn di gip di chuyn c nhanh hn. Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh Nhn phm Di chuyn hoc Tab Sang bn phi hoc Shift + Tab Sang bn tri Ln dng Xung dng Home n ct A ca dng hin hnh Ctrl + Home n a ch A1 trong worksheet Ctrl + End n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet Alt + Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh Alt + Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh xung di mt mn hnh F5 M hp thoi Go To End + hoc Ctrl + n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng End + hoc Ctrl + n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng End + hoc Ctrl + Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l trng End + hoc Ctrl + Xung pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l trng Ctrl + Page Up Di chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh Ctrl + Page Down Di chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh 32. 1.5 Thao tc vi workbook To mi workbook Chn nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp nhiu la chn to workbook nh: workbook trng, workbook theo mu dng sn, workbook da trn mt workbook c. to workbook trng, bn chn Blank workbook v nhp nt Create. M workbook c sn trn a Mt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch: 1. Chn nt Office chn tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents, c th c ti a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh sch ny ( iu chnh th nhn vo 33. nt Office Excel Options Advance phn Display Show this number of Recent Documents ). 2. Dng trnh qun l tp tin nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr tp tin v nhp chut hai ln ln tn tp tin. 3. Chn nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi Open, chng ta phi tm n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v chn tn tp tin cn m sau nhn nt Open m tp tin. Cc ty chn ca nt Open trong hp thoi Open: Open (m bnh thng), Open Read-Only (Khng lu c nhng thay i), Open as Copy (To bn sao ca tp tin v m ra), Open in Browser (M tp tin bng trnh duyt web mc nh), Open and Repair (Rt hu dng trong trng hp tp tin b li). Lu workbook t iu cn lu khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh thc hin lnh lu li cng vic thc hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng tn nhiu thi gian nhng nu my b hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s t ng thc hin lnh lu theo thi gian qui nh (mc nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn chn nt Office 34. Excel Options Save, sau nh du chn vo Save AutoRecover information every minutes. Mt s cch lu workbook: 1. Chn nt Office Save 2. Nhp chut ln nt trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access Tollbar). 3. Dng t hp phm hoc . Nu tp tin c lu trc ri th Excel s lu tip cc phn cp nht, cn nu l tp tin c ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong hp thoi Save As, bn hy chn ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v t tn cho tp tin ti hp File name, chn kiu tp tin ti Save as type v sau nhn nt Save lu tr. Minh ha lu tp tin 35. Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui tt t tn tp tin ca Windows. Tn tp tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin trong tn tp tin khng c dng cc k hiu nh:? : * < > | bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bit mt m mi c php m tp tin (tr nhng cch t o!). B1. Nhn nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra. B2. Nhn nt Tools chn General Options, hp thoi General Options hin ra B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh workbook (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau tng bo mt). Sau nhn nt OK B4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. Sau nhn nt OK B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh workbook. Sau nhn nt OK B6. Nhn nt Save hon tt. Dng mt m bo v workbook Cc ty chn trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c ui *.xlk trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m workbook), Password to modify (mt m cp nht ni dung workbook), Read-only recommended (m di dng ch c). ng workbook Mt s cch ng workbook: 1. Chn nt Office Close 2. Dng chut chn nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ). 36. 3. Dng t hp phm hoc . Nu workbook c s thay i ni dung th Excel s nhc bn lu li cc thay i . Sp xp workbook Chi m nhiu workbook cng lc v cn tham kho qua li, thun tin ta nn sp xp li: R chut nhn vo nhm lnh View chn nt Arrange All Chn kiu b tr thch hp. Sp xp cc workbook trong ca s Excel 1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook C nhiu cch thc hin: 1. Nhn vo nt trn thanh sheet tab 2. Dng t hp phm chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh. 3. Nhn chn nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet 4. Nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Insert, hp thoi Insert hin ra, chn Worksheet v nhn nt OK. Sheet mi s chn vo trc sheet hin hnh. 37. Minh ha chn sheet mi i tn worksheet Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, chn Rename, g tn mi vo, xong nhn phm Enter. Tn sheet c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng khong trng, tuy nhin khng c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : /? * Xa worksheet Mun xa work sheet, bn lm theo cc cch sau: 1. Chn sheet mun xa chn nhm Home chn nhm Cells Delete Delete sheet 2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun xa sau chn Delete, xc nhn xa OK. Sp xp th t cc worksheet C nhiu cch thc hin sp xp worksheet nh: 1. Nhp tri chut ln tn sheet cn sp xp v gi chut ko n v tr mi v th chut. 38. 2. Khi c qu nhiu sheet th dng cch ny, nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp xp, chn Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy nhp chn ln tn sheet trong danh sch m bn mun di chuyn sheet n trc n, sau nhn OK. Sao chp worksheet Nhp phi chut ln sheet, chn Move or Copychn v tr t bn sao trong vng Before sheet nh du chn vo hp Creat a copy nhn nt OK. Ngoi ra sao chp nhanh bn nhn gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut chn ln tn sheet cn sao chp gi tri chut r n v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab th tri chut. sao chp nhiu sheet cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi chn nhiu sheet trc khi thc hin lnh. chn c nhiu sheet bn hy gi phm chn sheet. chp mt hay nhiu sheet sang mt workbook khc, bn hy m workbook ln sau thc hin lnh Move or Copy v nh chn tn workbook ch ti To book (nu chn workbook ch (new book) th s sao chp cc sheet n mt workbook mi). Chn mu cho sheet tab Vic t mu gip qun l thanh sheet tab c tt hn. t mu cho cc sheet tab bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn t mu, tip theo hy chn Tab Color v chn mu thch hp. 39. n/ Hin worksheet Khi bn khng mun ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu sheet no th bn c th n n i. Khng th n ht cc sheet trong workbook m phi cn li t nht mt sheet khng b n. Mun n sheet bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun n v chn Hide th l sheet c n. Khi mun cho hin tr li mt sheet, bn nhp phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab v chn Unhide sau chn tn sheet cn cho hin v nhn nt OK. 1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu nh cc ca s c c gc nhn tt hn, hoc xem ni dung ca cng mt worksheet di nhiu gc khc 40. nhau, hoc chia ca s worksheet thnh nhiu Tab d dng tham chiu, hay gi c nh tiu mt danh sch di trong khi cun cc thanh cun, S dng thanh Zoom Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip thu nh v phng to khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn vo nt du tr. Thanh Zoom Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mun xem mt worksheet hay cc worksheet trong cng mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, mi mt nhn bn xem s c gn thm ch s pha sau tn tp tin. Chn nhm View Window New Window so snh hai worksheet th sau khi lm bc trn bn chn tip nhm View Window View Side by Side. Khi s dng chc nng ny khi bn cun thanh cun ca s ny th ca s kia cng c cun theo. tt tnh nng cun ng thi ny bn vo View Window Synchronous Scrolling (nu n ang bt). 41. Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu Tnh nng rt hay c dng khi thao tc trn cc danh sch di hoc trong tnh ton cn phi thc hin nhiu vic tham chiu. chia ca s bng tnh: t hin hnh ti vi tr cn chia trn bng tnh, sau chn View Window Split. b khung bng tnh th nhn nt Split li mt ln na hoc nhp chut 2 ln ln ng chia dc v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca cc thanh cun dc v ngang c mt ngn nh m khi r chut ln s c biu tng (cng c chia nhanh khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v ko ra ni mun chia trn ca s lm vic ca bng tnh. Minh ha chia 4, chia 2 dc, chia 2 ngang Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no trn ca s lm vic v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh ny rt hu ch v n gip ta lun thy c dng tiu mc d cun mn hnh xung pha di nhp liu. c nh bn hy t hin hnh ti v tr cn c nh, sau chn View Window Freeze Panes chn kiu c nh ph hp. Nu chn: Freeze Panes: S c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh Freeze Top Row: C nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch Freeze First Column: C nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch 42. Minh ha c nh cc tiu b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes S dng Watch Window Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di cc trong qu trnh tnh ton. Bn mun gim st no th a n vo danh sch gim st ca s ca Watch Window. Gi ca s Watch Window bn chn nhm Formulas Formula Auditing Watch Window, sau chn cn theo di v nhn vo nt Add Watch trn ca s Watch Window. Ca s Watch Window Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel 2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s, cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc ton hc. Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh. Nhp liu Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm 43. B1. Trn worksheet, chn cn nhp liu B2. Nhp vo con s, chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xung di) hoc Tab ( hin hnh chuyn qua phi) kt thc. Lu : Nu nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng bn bn tng thm chiu rng ct. Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn. Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh dng l Text trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number chn Text t danh sch). Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong Control Panel Regional and Language Options. Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-05-2007. Khi mun nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g . Khi mun dng nh dng ngy mc nh cho cha ngy th chn v g . Khi nhp thi gian v mun nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P vo sau thi gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, nu khng Excel t hiu l AM. Khi mun nhp thi gian hin ti vo hy g . Khi mun dng nh dng thi gian mc nh cho cha thi gian th chn v g . Mun nhp cng mt ni dung cho nhiu , bn hy chn cc v nhp liu vo sau nhn . Ngoi ra cn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mun nhp cng ni dung trn cc nhiu sheet, bn hy chn cc sheet , sau chn cc trn sheet hin hnh, tip theo nhp liu (c th mt d liu do b nhp ln cc c d liu). b chn cc sheet th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Ungroup Sheets. 44. V d nhp cc loi d liu Nhp cc k t c bit B1. Mun nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin chn v n ni cn chn trong . B2. Chn Insert nhm Text chn Symbol B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy chn k t cn, c th i kiu Font ti hp Font. B4. Nhn nt Insert chn. V d chn vo Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng 45. hy mt lnh va thc hin bn nhn chut ln nt hay dng phm ang nhp liu vo mun hy th nhn phm ESC phc hi lnh va hy th nhn nt hay dng phm thc hin li lnh sau cng nhn Hiu chnh ni dung Xa ni dung cc B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu cn xa B2. Nhn Delete trn bn phm (xa cch ny th ch xa ni dung cc nh dng ca vn cn). Ngoi ra xa bn c th vo Home nhm Editing Clear ( ) v chn cc lnh: Clear All: Xa tt c ni dung v nh dng Clear Formats: Ch xa phn nh dng ca Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung, cn nh dng Clear Comments: Ch xa cc ch thch ca nu c Lu cc lnh trn khng xa c nh dng ca bng (table) Nhp ln c sn ni dung Mun nhp ln cc c sn ni dung, trc tin bn hy chn v nhp vo ni dung mi. Khi , ni dung c ca s mt i v thay bng ni dung va nhp . Hiu chnh ni dung cc Mun hiu chnh ni dung sn c ca bn lm cc cch sau: 1. Nhp chut hai ln ln cn hiu chnh dng chut hoc cc phm mi tn di chuyn n ni cn hiu chnh dng phm Backspace hoc Delete xa mt s ni dung sau nhp vo ni dung mi. 46. 2. Chn cn hiu chnh v nhn F2 vo ch hiu chnh v lm tng t nh trn 3. Chn cn hiu chnh, sau nhp chut vo thanh cng thc (Formula) S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu S dng chc nng AutoFill S dng cng c ny Excel s gip bn in t ng d liu theo cc mu AutoFill c sn. Ngoi ra bn cn c th to thm cc mu phc v cho cng vic ca mnh. Danh sach mt s AutoFill co san Cc gi tr khi u Chui sau khi m rng 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6 9:00 10:00, 11:00, 12:00 Mon Tue, Wed, Thu Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday Jan Feb, Mar, Apr Jan, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan Jan-99, Apr-99 Jul-99, Oct-99, Jan-00 15-Jan, 15-Apr 15-Jul, 15-Oct 1999, 2000 2001, 2002, 2003 1-Jan, 1-Mar 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,... Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,... Product 1, On backorder Product 2, On backorder, Product 3, On backorder,... Text1, textA text2, textA, text3, textA,... 1st Period 2nd Period, 3rd Period,... Product 1 Product 2, Product 3,... 47. Bn mun in cc s l trong khong t 1 n 25 vo ct A bn lm nh sau: B1. Chn u tin A1 v nhp vo s 1 B2. Chn tip theo A2 nhp vo s 3 (bc nhy bng 3-1 = 2, Excel s cng s 2 vo cha s l trc c c s l k tip). B3. Chn hai A1:A2, di chuyn chut xung du vung nh mu en (Fill handle) gc di bn phi vng chn cho chut bin thnh du cng mu en. B4. Gi tri chut ko xung pha di cho n khi hin s 25 th dng li. Khi bn mun in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh cho cc bn tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc cch sau: 1. Chn hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi Fill handle v ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xung, tri hay phi). Khi d liu hay biu thc s c sao chp. 2. Chn cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d liu n, sau vo Home nhm Editing Fill chn hng ph hp (Down, Right, Up, Left). T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular trong phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel chn Edit Custom Lists hp thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh sch trong khung List entries, sau khi nhp xong nhn 48. nt Add thm vo Custom lists v k t lc ny bn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill vi danh sch t to ca bn. Mun xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn chn danh sch v nhn nt Delete. Nu mun hiu chnh danh sch th chn danh sch v hiu chnh trong List entries, sau khi hiu chnh xong nhn nt Add. S dng chc nng Automatic Completion Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn ging nhau cc c nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn kh chu, bt tt bn vo nt Office Excel Options chn Tab Advance ti Editing options Enable AutoComplete for cell values. S dng chc nng AutoCorrect AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc li chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ting Anh, ngoi ra n cn gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay cc on vn bn lp i lp li. Chng ta c th thm vo cc 49. cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo danh sch ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo danh sch AutoCorrect lm theo cc bc sau: B1. Chn nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options B2. Ti Tab AutoCorrect chn Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi c tc dng B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m tc k) B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m tc k) B5. Nhn nt Add thm vo danh sch hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v g ni dung mi vo hai hp Replace v With, sau nhn nt Replace. Mun xa mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v nhn nt Delete. Minh ha thm m tc k vn v nguyn vn 50. 2.2. nh dng nh dng chung Cc nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong nhm Home ca thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel, mi khi cn nh dng bn ch vic nhn chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y. nh dng vn bn v s Khi cn cc nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th bn truy cp vo hp thoi Format Cells: Chn Home nhm Cells Format Format Cells 51. Gii thch hp thoi Format Cells nh dng M t Tab Number Category Danh sch cc loi nh dng s, gi tr Sample Hin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo cc nh dng bn chn Decimal places Ti a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng cho dng Number, Currency, Accounting, Percentage, v Scientific. Use 1000 Separator (,) Chn ny nu mun c du phn cch gia hng nghn, triu, tch p dng cho dng Number Negative numbers Chn loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng cho dng Number v 52. Currency. Symbol Chn loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng Currency v Accounting Type Chn kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr , ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom. Locale (location) Chn loi ngn ng khc p dng nh dng gi tr, ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, v Special. Tab Alignment Text alignment Horizontal C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu ngang. Mc nh Excel canh l tri cho vn bn, l phi cho gi tr , cc gi tr lun l v cc li c canh gia. Vertical C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu dc. Mc nh Excel canh l di cho vn bn. Indent Tht u cc dng ni dung ca . Orientation Chn cc hng ca vn bn trong cc . Degrees t gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90 Text control Wrap text Ni dung trong c xung nhiu dng ty thuc vo rng ct v di ni dung. (xem chi tit phn di) Shrink to fit Gim kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi rng ct Merge cells Ni cc chn thnh mt ( trnh by phn trn) Right-to-left Text direction Xc nh trnh t c v canh l Tab Font Font Chn kiu Font cho cc , font mc nh l Calibri Font style Chn kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Font ch, kiu mc nh l Regular. Size Kch thc font ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l c ch 11 point. Underline Chn kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch, mc nh l None. Color Chn mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do Excel t chn mu) 53. Normal font Nu chn s loi b cc nh dng Font khc v tr v dng bnh thng Effects Strikethrough C thm ng gch ngang vn bn Superscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn Subscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y xung di Preview Xem trc kt qu nh dng bn va chn Tab Border Line Chn kiu v kch c cc ng k khung, sau chn cc nt bn hp Border k Presets Chn khng k khung, k ng bao v k cc ng phn cch gia cc Color Chn mu cho cc ng k Border Cc nt bao quanh hnh minh ha dng k cc ng bao cc Tab Fill Background Color Chn mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu ng t mu nn (xem chi tit phn di). More Colors B sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu. Pattern Color Cc mu mu nn Pattern Style cc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc kt qu chn mu v kiu mu ti Sample Tab Protection Locked Kha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, cc , ch c tc dng khi sheet c bo v Hidden n cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi sheet c bo v (xem phn sau) General Excel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi s di hn 12 s th nh dng General chuyn sang dng Scientific 54. Number Dng nh dng cc con s, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m. Currency Dng nh dng cc n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta c th chn du phn cch thp phn v nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m. Accounting Dng nh dng cc n v tin t trong k ton, n t k hiu tin t v gi tr hai ct khc nhau. Date Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control Panel). Time Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control Panel). Percentage nh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm du % vo sau kt qu, bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn. Fraction nh dng ny hin th con s di dng phn s ty theo Type bn chn. Scientific Hin th con s di dng khoa hc . V d, s 12345678901 nh dng theo Scientific l 1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x 1010. Bn c th chn du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn. Text nh dng ni dung ging nh nhng g nhp vo k c cc con s. Special nh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s in thoi, s bo him Custom Dng hiu chnh cc m nh dng ang p dng hay to mi cc nh dng do bn p dng. Ta c th thm vo t 200 n 250 nh dng t to ty theo ngn ng v phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau) S dng Wrap Text 55. Khi bn mun on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng wrap text hoc dng xung dng ti v tr mong mun. B1. Chn cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1 B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Wrap Text ( ). Nu dng khng t ng m rng l do b thit lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells Format ti Cells Size chn AutoFit Row Height Xoay ch (Orientation) B1. Chn cc cn xoay ch A1:D1 B2. Chn Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise nh dng khung (border) K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc bng nt mnh v mu tt c ng k l mu . B1. Chn danh sch cn k khung B2:E18 B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells B3. Vo Tab Border, chn mu l Red ( ) ti Color B4. Chn Style l nt m , sau chn nt Outline ti Preset B5. Chn Style l nt mnh , sau chn nt Inside ti Preset B6. Nhn OK hon tt 56. Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect) B1. Chn vng cn t mu nn B2:E18 B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells B3. Vo Tab Fill Chn Fill Effects B4. Chn cc mu cn phi hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2 (Blue) B5. Chn Shading styles l Vertical v chn kiu th 3 B6. Nhn OK hai ln hon tt. 57. T ng nh dng c iu kin. Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu v s dng rt n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v kch vo Conditional Formatting trn ribbon Home. Khi a chut trn nhng la chn, bn s thy preview ca n ngay lp tc. C th gn cho mi mt mu phn nh th hng ca n trong ton b di cc gi tr, thm mt thanh d liu trong sut phn nh gi tr ca Cch thc tin hnh ny cho php n gin hn rt nhiu so vi s phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca Excel 2003. 58. Bng v nh dng bng (table) Excel thit lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm cc biu mu mi. Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho php xa nh dng bng. Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn thit. p nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng B1. Chn danh B2:E18 B2. Chn Home nhm Styles chn Format As Table B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, chn mt trong cc biu mu. V d chn mu Light s 9 B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln nhn OK xc nhn. to mu mi th ti bc 3 chn New Table Style, sau t tn cho biu mu mi v nhn Format ch bin biu mu. Mun xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn Custom nhp phi chut ln biu mu v chn Delete. Cc ty chn hiu chnh bng c Table Tools Tab Design trn thanh Ribbon 59. Xa kiu nh dng bng ang p dng v chuyn bng v danh sch xa mt kiu nh dng bng ang p dng, trc tin hy chn bng, ti Tab Design vo nhm Table Styles chn More ( ) chn Clear. n lc ny vng chn vn cn l bng do vy n c cc tnh nng ca bng. chuyn mt bng v thnh danh sch th chn bng, sau vo Tab Design, ti nhm Tools chn Convert to Range. 60. S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) Cc mu ti liu dng sn gip ngi s dng to nn cc ti liu c dng v chuyn nghip v rt d s dng. Cc biu mu ti liu c thit k sn vi nhiu mu, font ch, hnh nh, th, vi nhiu hiu ng p mt. Ngoi ra chng ta cn c th hiu chnh v ch bin cc mu ny. p dng biu mu ti liu bn vo chn nhm Page Layout Themes Chn mt biu mu t danh sch. C th hiu chnh biu mu: vo Colors chn li mu, vo Fonts chn li kiu Font v vo Effects chn li hiu ng. Lu bng phi p dng Style th mi c tc dng. To biu mu mi Colors v Font bn vo Page Layout Themes chn Colors chn Create New Themes Colors hay Page Layout Themes chn Fonts chn Create New Themes Fonts. Nh lu li (Save) sau khi to. Khi i kiu mu khc ng lot cc i tng c p dng biu mu thay i nh dng v khng b thay i ni dung. 61. 2.3 Tm v thay th d liu tm d liu hoc tm v thay th d liu: Kch nt Find & Select trn nhm Editing ca tab Home Chn Find hoc Replace 62. Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mun tm trong mc Find What (nu bn chn Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mun tm trong mc Find What v t thay th trong mc Replace with (nu bn chn Replace bc trn). Kch nt Options tm thm cc ty chn 2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun. Sp xp 63. thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct: nh du cc mun c sp xp Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A) Ty chnh sp xp sp xp nhiu hn mt ct: Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin Kch Add Level Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp Kch OK 64. Lc d liu B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b lc: Kch vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter Kch nt Filter Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin Kch Text Filter Kch Words bn mun lc Nhn chut vo y xem nh gc 65. khng p dng b lc, kch nt Sort & Filter Kch Clear 66. Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm 3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm: Gii thiu cng thc (Formula) Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, nu khng c cc cng thc th bng tnh cng ging nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i v tnh ra kt qu mi gip chng ta tn cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn g? Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm. V d: V d v cng thc Cc ton t trong cng thc Ton t Chc nng V d Kt qu + Cng =3+3 3 cng 3 l 6 - Tr =45-4 45 tr 4 cn 41 * Nhn =150*.05 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5 / Chia =3/3 3 chia 3 l 1 ^ Ly tha =2^4 =16^(1/4) 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly cn bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2 67. & Ni chui =L & Thanh Ni chui L v Thanh li thnh L Thanh = Bng =A1=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE > Ln hn =A1>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE < Nh hn =A1= Ln hn hoc bng =A1>=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt qu: FALSE =5,t,Rt): hm 3 i s =PMT(10%,4,1000,,1): hm nhiu i s v i s ty chn Trong Excel 2010 c cc hm chnh nh sau: Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID, Hm ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue, Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount, Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,. Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct, Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate, Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa, Hm lun l: If, And, Or, 69. Hm tham chiu v tm kim: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet, Hm ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round, Hm thng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf, Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text, Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn cc phn sau. Nhp cng thc v hm Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mun nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm. Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c trn cng thc. Mt iu ht sc lu khi lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp trc tip cc con s, gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn dng n tham chiu. V d: Minh ha dng tham chiu trong hm Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp trc sut chit tnh 10% vo hm m nn tham chiu n a ch cha n l I2, v nu li sut c thay i th ta ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c kt qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chnh sa li cng thc. Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li cch t tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh sau: B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV( B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra B3. Chn LaiSuat v nhn OK B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3 70. B5. Chn DongTien v nhn OK B6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du + B7. Nhp chut vo B2 B8. Nhn phm Enter Chn tn vng vo cng thc Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm. Khi bn mun s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon chn nhm Formulas Function Library -> chn nhm hm -> chn hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt gi hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm ny bn ch cn nhn vo Help on this function. 71. Hp thoi Insert Function Tham chiu trong cng thc Cc tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi tn cng sa cha cc cng thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu sau: Tham chiu a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i khi chng ta sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4 Tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay i khi ta di di hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4 Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5 ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i. Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng. Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct. Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct. V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND. 72. Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau qut chn c vng D2:D14 v g . Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca B2*C2 l v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc xung pha di th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay i theo. B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xung cc E3:E14. Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mun khi sao cng thc xung th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17 tnh ton. B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15. Lu : Tham chiu n a ch worksheet khc nhng cng workbook th c dng Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d: =A2*Sheet2!A2 =A2*Thong so!B4 Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n 73. Tham chiu n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng [Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d: =A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 =A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n =A2*C:Tai lieu[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m =A2*DataServerExcel[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors) Cc li thng dng Li Gii thch #DIV/0! Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng #NAME? Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chiu hoc nh thiu du nhy #N/A Cng thc tham chiu n m c dng hm NA kim tra s tn ti ca d liu hoc hm khng c kt qu #NULL! Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn chung nn phn giao rng #NUM! Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s dng #REF! Tham chiu b li, thng l do tham chiu trong hm b xa #VALUE! Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng. 74. 3.2 Cc hm trong excel a. Nhm hm v thng k AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc im d liu theo trung bnh ca chng. Thng dng lm thc o v s bin i ca tp s liu AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr, bao gm c nhng gi tr logic AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo mt iu kin AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, criteria2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo nhiu iu kin COUNT (value1, value2, ...) : m s trong danh sch COUNTA (value1, value2, ...) : m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong danh sch COUNTBLANK (range) : m cc rng trong mt vng COUNTIF (range, criteria) : m s tha mt iu kin cho trc bn trong mt dy COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, ...) : m s tha nhiu iu kin cho trc DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh bnh phng lch cc im d liu t trung bnh mu ca chng, ri cng cc bnh phng li. FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array) : Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng xuyn xut hin bn trong mt dy gi tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s. Lun s dng hm ny dng cng thc mng GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy cc s dng. Thng dng tnh mc tng trng trung bnh, trong li kp c cc li bin i c cho trc... HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch o ca trung bnh cng) ca cc s 75. KURT (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn hay mc phng tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun LARGE (array, k) : Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu MAX (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr MAXA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s. MIN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr MINA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text MODE (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng gi tr PERCENTILE (array, k) : Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d liu PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance) : Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca mt tr trong mt mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu PERMUT (number, number_chosen) : Tr v hon v ca cc i tng. QUARTILE (array, quart) : Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c dng trong kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm... RANK (number, ref, order) : Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s SKEW (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n SMALL (array, k) : Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s STDEV (number1, number2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu STDEVA (value1, value2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu, bao gm c nhng gi tr logic STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp 76. STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c ch v cc gi tr logic VAR (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn mu VARA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn mu, bao gm c cc tr logic v text VARP (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp VARPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp, bao gm c cc tr logic v text. TRIMMEAN (array, percent) : Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu, bng cch loi t l phn trm ca cc im d liu u v cui tp d liu. b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative) : Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn. CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom) : Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared. CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared. CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range) : Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi chi-squared v s bc t do tng ng. CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size) : Tnh khong tin cy cho mt k vng l thuyt CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha) : Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn phi nh thc tch ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng dng bo m cc ng dng t cht lng... EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) : Tnh phn phi m. Thng dng m phng thi gian gia cc bin c... 77. FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng tm xem hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng... FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh nghch o ca phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng so snh bin thin trong hai tp s liu FTEST (array1, array2) : Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng dng xc nh xem hai mu c cc phng sai khc nhau hay khng... FISHER (x) : Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng dng kim tra gi thuyt da trn h s tng quan... FISHERINV (y) : Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng dng phn tch mi tng quan gia cc mng s liu... GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C th dng nghin cu c phn b lch GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta) : Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly gamma. GAMMLN (x) : Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca mt s ln thnh cng no ...) LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x (LOGNORMDIST) LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x, trong logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev. NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s, probability_s) : Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr v xc sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln thnh cng, khi xc sut khng i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s) NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi chun (normal distribution). Thng c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim tra gi thuyt NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly chun 78. NORMSDIST (z) : Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun tc (standard normal cumulative distribution function), l phn phi c tr trung bnh cng l zero (0) v lch chun l 1 NORMSINV (probability) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly chun tc POISSON (x, mean, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng dng c tnh s lng bin c s xy ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh PROB (x_range, prob_range, lower_limit, upper_limit) : Tnh xc sut ca cc tr trong dy nm gia hai gii hn STANDARDIZE (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi biu th bi mean v standard_dev TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails) : Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn phi t), trong x l gi tr tnh t t v c dng tnh xc sut. TINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student. TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type) : Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th Student. WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s dng trong phn tch tin cy, nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit b. ZTEST (array, x, sigma) : Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z. c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh CORREL (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng xc nh mi quan h ca hai c tnh COVAR (array1, array2) : Tnh tch s cc lch ca mi cp im d liu, ri tnh trung bnh cc tch s FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh ton hay d on mt gi tr tng lai bng cch s dng cc gi tr hin c, bng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tnh ton s tng trng d kin theo hm m, bng cch s dng cc d kin hin c. INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's) : Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng thng vi trc y bng cch s dng cc tr x v y cho trc 79. LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng cch dng phng php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng thng thch hp nht vi d liu, ri tr v mng m t ng thng . Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng. LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Dng trong phn tch hi quy. Hm s tnh ng cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mng ga tr m t ng cong . Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng PEARSON (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt ch mc khng th nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1, phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia hai tp s liu RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch Pearson (r), thng qua cc im d liu trong known_y's v known_x's SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh thng qua cc im d liu STEYX (known_y's, known_x's) : Tr v sai s chun ca tr d on y i vi mi tr x trong hi quy. TREND (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, basis, calc_method) : Tnh li tch ly cho mt chng khon tr li theo nh k ACCRINTM (issue, settlement, rate, par, basis) : Tnh li tch ly i vi chng khon tr li theo k hn AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php) AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k ton (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php) COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy k t u k li ti ngy kt ton 80. COUPDAYS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy trong k li bao gm c ngy kt ton COUPDAYSCN (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy t ngy kt ton ti ngy tnh li k tip COUPNCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy tnh li k tip k t sau ngy kt ton COUPNUM (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ln li sut phi tr trong khong t ngy kt ton n ngy o hn COUPPCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy thanh ton li ln trc, trc ngy kt ton CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tnh li tc tch ly phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tr v tin vn tch ly phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s d gim dn theo mt mc c nh (fixed-declining balance method) trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. DDB (cost, salvage, life, period, factor) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s d gim dn kp (double-declining balance method), hay gim dn theo mt t l no , trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. DISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh t l chit khu ca mt chng khon DOLLARDE (fractional_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng phn s sang gi dollar dng thp phn DOLLARFR (decimal_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng thp phn s sang gi dollar dng phn s DURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn hiu lc Macauley da trn ng mnh gi $100 (thi hn hiu lc l trung bnh trng gi tr hin ti ca 81. dng lun chuyn tin mt v c dng lm thc o v s phn hi lm thay i li nhun ca gi tr tri phiu) EFFECT (nominal_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut thc t hng nm, bit trc li sut danh ngha hng nm v tng s k thanh ton li kp mi nm FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type) : Tnh gi tr k hn ca s u t da trn vic chi tr c nh theo k v li sut c nh FVSCHEDULE (principal, schedule) : Tnh gi tr k hn ca mt vn ban u sau khi p dng mt chui cc li sut kp (tnh gi tr k hn cho mt u t c li sut thay i) INTRATE (settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis) : Tnh li sut cho mt chng khon u t ton b IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tr v khon thanh ton li cho mt u t da trn vic chi tr c nh theo k v da trn li sut khng i IRR (values, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt chui cc lu ng tin mt c th hin bi cc tr s ISPMT (rate, per, nper, pv) : Tnh s tin li tr ti mt k no i vi mt khon vay c li sut khng i, sau khi tr s tin gc phi tr cho k . MDURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn Macauley sa i cho chng khon da trn ng mnh gi $100 MIRR (values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate) : Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti trong mt chui lun chuyn tin mt theo chu k NOMINAL (effect_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut danh ngha hng nm, bit trc li sut thc t v cc k tnh li kp mi nm NPER (rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) : Tnh s k hn tr khon vay trong u t da trn tng chu k, s tin tr v t sut li tc c nh NPV (rate, value1, value2, ...) : Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch s dng t l chiu khu vi cc chi khon tr k hn (tr m) v thu nhp (tr dng) 82. ODDFPRICE (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c k u tin l (ngn hn hay di hn) ODDFYIELD (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tr v li nhun ca mt chng khon c k tnh li u tin l l (ngn hn hay di hn) ODDLPRICE (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c k tnh li phiu cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn) ODDLYIELD (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li nhun ca chng khon c k cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn) PMT (rate, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh tin phi tr i vi khon vay c li sut khng i v chi tr u n PPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh khon vn thanh ton trong mt k hn cho i vi mt khon u t, trong vic chi tr c thc hin u n theo nh k vi mt li sut khng i PRICE (settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr chng khon trn ng mnh gi $100, thanh ton li tc theo chu k PRICEDISC (settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100 ca mt chng khon chit khu PRICEMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100 ca mt chng khon phi thanh ton li vo ngy o hn PV (rate, nper, pmt, fv, type) : Tnh gi tr hin ti ca mt khon u t RATE (nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess) : Tnh li sut mi k trong mt nin kim REVEICED (settlement, maturity, investment, discount, basis) : Tnh s tin nhn c vo k hn thanh ton cho mt chng khon u t ton b SLN (cost, salvage, life) : Tnh chi ph khu hao (theo phng php ng thng) ca mt ti sn trong mt k 83. SYD (cost, salvage, life, per) : Tnh khu hao theo gi tr cn li ca ti sn trong nh k xc nh TBILLEQ (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh li nhun tng ng vi tri phiu cho tri phiu kho bc TBILLPRICE (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh gi tr ng mnh gi $100 cho tri phiu kho bc TBILLYIELD (settlement, maturity, pr) : Tnh li nhun cho tri phiu kho bc VDB (cost, salvage, life, start_period, end_period, factor, no_switch) : Tnh khu hao ti sn s dng trong nhiu k XIRR (values, dates, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt lot lu ng tin mt khng nh k XNPV (rate, values, dates) : Tnh t gi rng cho mt dy lu ng tin mt khng nh k YIELD (settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li nhun i vi chng khon tr li theo nh k YIELDDISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm cho chng khon chit khu YIELDMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm ca chng khon tr li vo ngy o hn e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) : Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DCOUNT (database, field, criteria) : m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria) : m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DGET (database, field, criteria) : Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt danh sch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh. 84. DMAX (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr ln nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DMIN (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr nh nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DRODUCT (database, field, criteria) : Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DSTDEV (database, field, criteria) : c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DSTDEVP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DSUM (database, field, criteria) : Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DVAR (database, field, criteria) : c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DVARP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. GETPIVOTDATA (data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...) : Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng GETPIVOTDATA ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong bo co . Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch Microsoft Excel cung cp nhiu hm dng cho vic phn tch d liu trong danh sch hay c s d liu. Nhng hm ny bt u bng ch D. Mi hm u s dng 3 i s l database, field v criteria; nhng i s ny l cc tham chiu n cc mng trong bng tnh. 85. * database : L mt dy cc to nn danh sch hay c s d liu. Mt c s d liu l mt danh sch d liu gm nhng mu tin, v c ct d liu l cc trng (field). Dng u tin trong danh sch lun cha tn trng. * field : Cho bit ct no c s dng trong hm. field c th c cho dng text vi tn ct c trong cp du ngoc kp (nh "Age", "Yield"...) hay l s i din cho v tr ca ct (1, 2, ...) * criteria : L mt dy cc cha iu kin. C th dng bt c dy no cho phn iu kin ny, min l dy c t nht mt tn ct v mt bn di tn ct lm iu kin cho hm (xem thm bi Mt s v d v cch dng Criteria nhp iu kin sau y). HM NGY THNG V THI GIAN Mt s lu khi s dng ngy thng v thi gian trong Excel: Excel h tr tnh ton ngy thng cho Windows v Macintosh. Windows dng h ngy bt u t 1900. Macitosh dng h ngy bt u t 1904. Ti liu ny c din gii theo h ngy 1900 dnh cho Windows. H thng ngy gi Excel ph thuc vo thit lp trong Regional Options ca Control Panel. Mc nh l h thng ca M "Thng/Ngy/Nm" (M/d/yyyy). Bn c th sa li thnh h thng ngy ca VN "Ngy/Thng/Nm" (dd/MM/yyyy). Khi bn nhp mt gi tr ngy thng khng hp l n s tr thnh mt chui vn bn. Cng thc tham chiu ti gi tr s tr v li. =NOW() Cho hin ngy gi ca h thng =TODAY() Cho ngy ca h thng =DAY(D) Cho gi tr ngy ca D (Tr v th t ca ngy trong thng t mt gi tr kiu ngy thng) =MONTH(D) Cho gi tr thng ca D =YEAR(D) Cho gi tr nm ca D =DAYS360(BTNT1, BTNT2) Tnh s ngy gia 2 mc ngy thng da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy. 86. =EDATE Tr v mc thi gian xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh =EOMONTH Tr v ngy cui cng ca thng xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh Hm HOUR() Cho bit s ch gi trong mt gi tr thi gian C php: = HOUR(serial_number) serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian V d: HOUR(0.5) = 12 (gi) Hm MINUTE() Cho bit s ch pht trong mt gi tr thi gian C php: = MINUTE(serial_number) serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, MINUTE(NOW()) = 20 (pht) =MONTH Tr v s thng ca mt gi tr kiu ngy thng. =NETWORKDAYS Tr v s ngy lm vic trong mc thi gian a ra sau khi tr i ngy ngh v ngy l. =NOW Tr v ngy gi hin ti trong h thng ca bn. Hm SECOND() Cho bit s ch giy trong mt gi tr thi gian C php: = SECOND(serial_number) serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian V d: SECOND("2:45:30 PM") = 30 (giy) Hm TIME() Tr v mt gi tr thi gian no C php: = TIME(hour, minute, second) 87. hour: S ch gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i mt bi s ca 24. minute: S ch pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s gi ln tng ng. second: S ch giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s pht, s gi ln tng ng. V d: TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM * Cng nh DATE(), hm TIME() rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l nhng cng thc m khng phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tnh ton chnh xc hn Hm TIMEVALUE() Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tr thi gian c th tnh ton c C php: = TIMEVALUE(time_text) time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i V d: TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM) =WEEKDAY Tr v s th t ca ngy trong tun t gi tr ngy thng. =WEEKNUM Tr v s th t ca tun trong nm t gi tr ngy thng. =WORKDAY Tr v ngy lm vic xy ra trc hoc sau mc thi gian a ra. Trong cng vic hng ngy, chc hn chng ta hay ngh n chuyn vic lm ny ca mnh mt ht my phn trm ca mt nm, v d, mt ngy ng ht 6 ting, l 1/4 ngy, vy mt nm chng ta ng ht 25% (hic) thi gian... Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin ngh vic vo thng 5, lng tnh theo nm, vy cng ty phi tr cho ngi bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho ngh vic? 88. Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v cho php tnh theo nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tnh theo kiu M hay theo kiu chu u...): Hm YEARFRAC() (Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l) C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis]) start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text. basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh: * 0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia cho 12 thng, mt thng c 30 ngy. * 1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng * 2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng * 3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng * 4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng ) V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2010 v ngy 30/7/2010 so vi 1 nm: YEARFRAC("15/3/2010", "30/7/2010") = 37% Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt thng coi nh c 30 ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy! Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n gin, v thc t th s ngy trong mi thng u c ging nhau. C l v ngh n chuyn , nn Excel c mt hm dnh ring cho cc h thng k ton da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy, l hm DAYS360. Hm DAYS360() 89. C php: = DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method]) start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text. method: Mt gi tr logic (TRUE, FALSE) ch cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu u hay theo kiu M. * FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31 ca thng, th n c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng . Nu end_date l ngy 31 ca thng v start_date nh hn 30, th end_date c i thnh ngy 1 ca thng k tip. * TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng . V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF) DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150 DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149 DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151 Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun nhng ngy l, ngy ngh, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi gian, th phi tr bt i nhng ngy khng lm vic. Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian m khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng ngy ngh khc c ch nh: Hm NETWORKDAYS (ng nguyn ngha ca n: net workdays). D nhin hm ny ch thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun, ch nh chng ta, lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm (hic) th hm ny v tc dng! Hm NETWORKDAYS() C php: = NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, hol