giÁo trÌnh autocad nÂng cao vÀ Ậ Ì 1...

TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI

Gio trnh Autocad nng cao Lu hnh ni b 1

GIO TRNH AUTOCAD NNG CAO

V

LP TRNH TRONG AUTOCAD



PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V

I. Quy nh v bn v. 1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v

2. Cc khng gian trong CAD

3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v

4. Mt s quy nh chung

4.1. Khung v t l bn v

4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch

II. Thit lp mi trng v. 1. Text style.

2. Layer.

3. Dimesion Style.

4. Hatch.

5. Lnh LineType.

6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.

6.1. Block

6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block

6.3. Qun l cc block.

7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.

8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option

III. Gii thiu Express Tools.

Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N

I. Lm vic vi Layout 1. Paper Space

2. Cc thao tc tr n Viewport ca Paper Space

2.1. T o cc Viewport

2.2. C t xn ng bao Viewport

2.3. T l trong tng Viewport

2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport

2.5. n hin viewport

2.6. n hin ng bao viewport

2.7. Scale LineType

2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport

3. Cc ch khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v

II. iu hi n in n. 1. Khai bo thit b in.

2. In ra file *.PLT

Chng 3 : L M VIC VI D LIU

I. Tham ho ngoi 1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.



2. Ch n mt xref vo bn v

3. M mt xref t bn v chnh

4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh.

4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).

4.2. Th m, b bt cc i tng kh i working set (Lnh refset).

4.3. Lnh refclose

4.4. Mt s bin h thng li n quan n xref.

5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.

5.1. Xref v cc thnh ph n hin ph thuc.

5.2. Xref v lp.

5.3. Lnh Xbin.

5.4. Tham chiu v ng.

5.5. Xn cc xref.

5.6. T ng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.

6. Qun l xref

6.1. ng d n ca cc xref.

6.2. Xref notification

6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.

6.4. File bi n bn (log) ca xref.

II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Wor ing with External Database) 1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.

2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.

3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.

4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.

5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD

6. T o cc m u kt ni.

7. T o, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.

8. Quan st cc kt ni.

9. T o m u nhn.

10. T o nhn.

11. S d ng query truy tm d liu

11.1. S d ng Quick Query

11.2. S d ng Range Query

11.3. S d ng Range Query

11.4. S d ng Link Select

III. Lm vic vi Raster Image 1. Tng quan

2. Ch n nh (inserting images

3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)

4. C t xn nh (Clipping images)

5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)

5.1. iu khin hin th

5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)

5.3. Image transparency

5.4. Bt t t ng bao ca nh (Image frame)

IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects 1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD

2. Linking data

3. Pasting data into AutoCAD



Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD

I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit) 1. Khi nim v Shape.

2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.

2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).

2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)

II. To font ch 1. T o font ch SHX.

2. T o big font.

3. T o big font t file m rng.

III. To cc dng ng (file linetype) 1. Khi nim v phn lo i d ng ng.

2. T o cc d ng ng n gin.

2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.

2.2. T o linetype bng cch so n tho trc tip trong .LIN

IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape 1. D ng ng phc c cha i tng ch.

V. To cc mu mt ct. 1. File m u mt c t.

2. T o m u mt c t n gin.

3. T o cc m u mt c t phc t p.

VI. Menu. 1. Menu v file menu.

1.1. Cc lo i menu

1.2. Cc lo i file menu

1.3. Ti, g b mt menu

2. Ty bin mt menu

2.1. Cu tr c mt file menu

2.2. Menu Macro

2.3. Pull-down Menu

2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu

2.3.2. Ti u ca pull-down menu

2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu

2.3.4. Ch n v lo i b Pull-down menu trn menubar

2.4. Shortcut menu.

2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.

2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu

2.5.2. T o cc AUX menu.

2.5.3. Menu swaping.

2.6. Image Tile menus

2.6.1. Section ca Image menu

2.6.2. M t m c chn ca menu hnh nh

2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh

2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.

2.7. Menu mn hnh.

2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.

2.8. Chui ch thch thanh tr ng thi.



2.8.1. Section ca o n m t chui ch thch.

2.8.2. M t chui ch thch.

2.9. T o cc phm t t.

2.9.1. Section ca o n m t cc phm t t

2.9.2. T o phm t t

VII. Toolbar 1. cch t o toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar

1.1. T o Toolbar

1.2. T o n t lnh mi

1.3. Sa n t lnh

1.4. T o mt Flyout

2. Cch t o toolbars bng cch so n tho trong file *.mnu

2.1. D ng m t tng qut thanh cng c

2.2. D ng m t lo i n t lnh Button

2.3. D ng m t lo i n t lnh Flyout.

2.4. Dong m t n t lnh Control.



PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO

MC CH V NI DUNG CA PHN AUTOCAD NNG CAO.

Sinh vi n lm quen vi AutoCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc. Nhng

ph n ln SV mi ch lm quen vi AutoCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn. Ph n

AutoCAD nng cao s t o cho sinh vi n bit cch b c c, trnh by bn v mt cch chuy n

nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V

I. Quy nh v bn v.

1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v

Hnh d ng

Vt liu (b tng, g ,)

Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t l + kch thc tr n bn v)

T l

ng nt (thy khut)

2. Cc khng gian trong CAD CAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space.

Model Space

L khng gian giy v

Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny. Paper Space

Cng l mt khng gian v.

Trong paper space (PS), b n c th ch n title block, t o cc layout viewport, dimension v th m cc notes trc khi in bn v.

Trong PS b n c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport). (c bit quan trng trong v phi cnh kin

trc)

3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v

Gi p ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn.

Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh ti u chun v, m u ha trong nhiu khu

Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, m ch l c.

Thnh qu lao ng c ti s d ng l i mt cch chuy n nghip hn

4. Mt s quy nh chung

4.1. Khung v t l bn v C 2 cch v :

V t do : ko nh gii h n bn v

V theo khung : Bn v c gii h n theo kh giy (lnh Limits) Cc lo i khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4

T l bn v l t l gia kch thc tr n bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C cc

cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau :

V theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v tr n Model Space)

V theo t l bn v. Gi nguy n khung in (ch yu dng khi v tr n layout)

V theo t l bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng)



Lnh MVSetup.

4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch Quy nh v ng nt khi in :

Nt lin mnh (ng bao d m, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) :

Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt c t qua,) :

Nt hach

Nt ca ch (ch dng khi font s d ng SHX) :

Nt ca ng ghi ch v kch thc : Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch : Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t l

m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhi n khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi ch ,

chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca ti u l 5mm. (n u v d v chiu cao

ch v t l bn v)

Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.

Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm

Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm

II. Thit lp mi trng v.

1. Text style. Command : STyle

Style name : Tn style

New, rename, delete : T o mi, thay i t n v xa mt kiu ch (Text style)

Font

Font name : Tn phng

font style : Chn font ch m rng ca font shx khi chn Use Big font

Height : Chiu cao mc nh ca font. AutoCAD s u tin s dng chiu cao ny trong ton b bn v. Nu chiu cao ny bng 0 th AutoCAD s ly chiu cao

nhp vo khi chn text

Effects

Upside down : Ln ngc ch theo trc nm ngang

Backwards : Quay ngc ch theo trc thng ng

Vertical : Ch theo phng thng ng



Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang.

Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch. Preview : xem trc cc nh d ng chn.

2. Layer.

Command : Layer

Bng Layer Properties Manager hin l n :

,

Filter :

T o mt filter (n vo n t new filter)

Filter name : T n ca nhm lc.

Filter definition

Status : 2 ch : ang s dng (current in use) v Tt c layer (all layer)

Name : Lc theo tn, s dng du * thay th cho mt nhm k t, du ? thay th cho mt k t.



On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca layer.

Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc.

Nu d ng lnh nhiu hn mt d ng c coi l iu kin hoc.

Group Layer :

T o tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi t o khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v.

Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th t o tng b lc layer khc

nhau.

Khi ta ch n mt block hay ch n mt xref vo th AutoCAD s t ng ch n th m group

layer.

Layer States Manager

Ta c th xut cc nh d ng layer ra file cha layer *.LAS



Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi ph c l i n bng cch import

l i cc thuc tnh c lu l i trong file *.LAS. Ch cc layer b xa i th s khng

khi ph c l i c.

Cc thuc tnh c khi ph c l i c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore. (Frezen

: qu kh ca freeze ng b ng, Thaw : s tan b ng )

Turn off layers not found in layer state : T t tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file

*.LAS khi khi ph c l i thuc tnh.

3. Dimesion Style.

Command : DIMSTYLE

Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh.

New : T o mi Dimstyle.

Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle.

Override : Dng khi mun gn chng t m thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch

thc c chn.

Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 lo i Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.

Hp tho i tao new :

Hp thoi Use for : Lo i kch c p d ng trong khi o

All dimension : Tt c cc loi kch thc.

Linear : Kch thc thng.



Angular : o gc

Radius : o bn knh

Diameter : o ng knh.

Ordinate : Ta im

Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.

Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)

Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging khi ta chn arrowheads l gch cho.

Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc song song.

Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th hai. M t trong hnh v di y :

Frame Dimension Line:

Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc.

Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging.

Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging.

M t trong hnh v di y.

Arrowheads : (Mi tn)

1st : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th nht.

2nd : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th hai.

Leader : Dng mi tn cho u ng ch thch.

Arrow size : ln u mi tn. Chn User arrow, khi hp thoi hin ra, ta nhp tn block dng lm mi tn vo hp thoi.

Center Marks for Circles : (Du tm v ng tm) Type : D ng du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none).

Size : kch thc du tm.



Text Appearance:

Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng text style trong [] bn cnh text style.

Text color : Mu ch

Fill color : mu nn ca ch.

Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.

Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch thc.

Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Text Placement :

Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng. Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc.

Above : Ch s nm tr n ng kch thc.

Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht.

JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo ti u

chun Nht.

Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang. Centered : nm gia hai ng ging.

1 st Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong cch

t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi t n v bin Offset from dim line

Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2 mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2

nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn s

ny thnh dng.

Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch.

Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang.

Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc.

ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai ng ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li.



Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng kch

thc theo ng v tr quy nh m c trc. C n nu khng ch trng ghi text th

text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :

Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best : Khi ch trng th text v mi t n th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.

Khi ch ch cho text th mi t n s c v ra ngoi.

Khi ch ch cho mi t n th text s c v ra ngoi.

Arrows : Khi ch cho ch v mi t n th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.

Khi ch ch cho mi t n th mi t n s c v trong 2 ng ging c n

ch th c v ra ngoi.

Khi khng ch cho mi t n th c text v mi t n s c v ra ngoi.

Text : Khi ch cho ch v mi t n th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.

Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging c n mi

t n th c v ra ngoi.

Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi t n s c v ra ngoi.

Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s c v ra ngoi.

Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai ng ging.

Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin mi tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v.

Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn ch ng ra kh i v

tr mc nh

Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging.

Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km theo mt ng d n.



Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc m km theo bt k mt ng dn no.

Scale for Dimension Features :

Use overall scale of : Phng ton b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi tr ch s o c khng b thay i.

Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu sau.

Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung.

Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr sau mi ln o.

Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm gia hai ng ging.

Linear Dimensions : gn d ng v n v cho kch thc di

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc, ngoi tr kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Decimal.

Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.

Fraction format : Gn dng cho phn s, cc la chn bao gm : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked.

Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn.

Round off : Quy nh v cch lm trn. VD nhp vo 0.15 th tt c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15

Prefix/ Suffix : Tin t v hu t ca text o c. Measurement Scale :

Scale factor : chiu di o c s c nhn vi bin ny ra chiu di hin th trong dim.

Apply to layout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, cha nhgin cu y Zero suppression :



Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25

Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5 Angular Dimensions :

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl.

Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c. Zero suppression :


Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5

Alternate units : gn cc n v li n kt. Gn d ng v chnh xc n v chiu di,

gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o li n kt (gia inch v minimeter)

Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc li n kt( l d ng kch thc nh k m vi

kch thc li n kt chnh, v d nh kch thc li n kt chnh l minimeter, c n kch thc

li n kt l inch. Kch thc li n kt ph l kch thc i k m gii thch cho kch thc

chnh)

Alternate units

Unit format : Gn n v lin kt.

Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m bn chn.

Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v kch thc lin kt.

Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt

Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt.

Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt. Zero suppression :

Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25

Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5 Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc li n kt



After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.

Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.

Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh d ng ca cc ch s dung sai.

Tolerance Fomat

Methode : Gn phng php tnh dung sai kch thc.

None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi tr dung sai.

Symmetrical : Du xut hin trc cc gi tr dung sai. Khi sai lch gii h n tr n v sai l ch gii h n di s c gi tr

tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch c n nhp gi tr vo upper value.

Deviation : Sai lch gii hn m v dng khc nhau, khi ta in sai lch gii hn m vo Lower value v sai lch gii hn dng vo Upper value.

Limits : To nn cc kch thc gii hn. Kch thc gii hn trn bng kch thc danh ngha cng vi gi tr sai lch gii hn trn (Upper value), kch thc gii

hn di bng kch thc danh ngha tr i gii hn di (Lower value) .

Basic : To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t ch s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc n

ng kch thc khi khng chn m c ny.

Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.

Upper value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn trn.



Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di. Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch

thc.

Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai

d ng symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).

Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc li n

kt.

Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt. Zero suppression :


Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5

4. Hatch.

Command : BHATCH

Th Hatch

Type : C 3 m u mt c t :

Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American

National Standards Institute), ISO (International

Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined

Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT

User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.



Swatch (m u mt c t) : Hin h m u mt c t chn. Nu chn m u mt c t l Solid th

swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.

Custom pattern : Chn cc m u la chn cha trong file .PAT

Pattern : Chn cc m u c s n trong file ACAD.PAT

Angle : Gc nghi ng ca hatch

Scale : T l phng

Iso pen with : Nu chn m u theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca b t khi xut

bn v ra giy

Double : Ch c tc d ng khi ta chn User Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php ta

t o th m cc ng mt c t vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung li n tip nhau.

Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn.

Remove Island : B i mt vng nh trong vng chn

Inherit Properties : Ly m u mt c t t mt hatch t tr n bn v

Associative : Nu chn m c ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bi n. C

th l khi ta di chuyn ng bi n hay mt object b n trong hatch, Hatch s t ng thay i

bm ly cc object v boundary.

Th Advanced

Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt c t nh m t trong hnh k m theo :



Object type (m u mt c t) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bi n sau khi hatch

s tr thnh d ng polyline hoc Region..

Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bi n bng pick point.

Current viewport : Ch gii h n trong ca s nhn

hin hnh.

Chn new chn mt gii h n cho lnh pick point.

Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set

Island detection method : m t cch xc nh cc island.

Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin.

Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h.

One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng.

Tint : Mu nh.

Shade : Mu m.

Two color : Phi gia hai mu c chn.

Center : ng tm.

Angle : gc quay ca mu.

5. Lnh LineType.

Command : Linetype



Hp thoi LineType Manager.

Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng thng ( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin)

Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng sp v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng sp v

s c t l dng ng l 1.

Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l ph nh ca hp filter .

6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Bloc .

6.1. Block Command : block.

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