Global Human Resource Programs

Development in ASEAN

Highly-specialized professionals in Agriculture and Food Science

Prof. Ryo Akashi

University of Miyazaki, Japan

・Business is people.

（事業は人なり：Konosuke Matsushita ）

・Manufacturing (Monozukuri) is about developing people.

（モノづくりは人づくり：Sakich Toyota）

History of human resource development in Japanese company

Human resource development were learned from Japanese cartoon

朝日ソノラマ 講談社 KONAMI

ASEAN Community (2015)

1. ASEAN Security Community (ASC)

2. ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

3. ASEAN Social and Culture Community (ASCC)

ASEAN University Network (AUN)

Southeast Asian Ministers of Organization

Regional Center for Higher Education and Development

(SEAMEO-RIHED)

ASEAN International Mobility for Students Program (AIMS)

ASEAN consortium in genetic resources

By 2014 Establishment of program on genetic resources in ASEAN

By 2016 Establishment of genetic resources research center in ASEAN

By 2018 Campus Asia in GR (One Asia)

Campus Asia in GR Collective Action for Mobility Program of University Students

in genetic resource program

A germplasm is a collection of genetic resources for an organism. For plants, the germplasm may be stored as a seed collection or, for trees, in a nursery.

For agriculture resources

Germplasm

Genetic Resource

Genetic resources are, according to the international convention for biodiversity, living material that includes genes of present and potential value for humans. Plant genetic resources includes all our agricultural crops and even some of their wild relatives because they too often have valuable traits.

Genetic resource

３

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

A bioresource is a resource that is living in some way. Animals and vegetables grown for food could be considered bioresources, as could plants grown for energy needs. However our bioresources are a collection and conservation of genetic resources for basic research in life science fields.

Ⅱ BioResource

II. Germplasm

I. Genetic resource

III. BioResource

Ⅲ

Plant varieties include in genetic resource

The kind of artificial and natural changes that may lead to loss of ‘genetic diversity’ or ‘genetic erosion’ may be broadly grouped under the following headings.

The Causes of Plant Genetic Diversity Loss

- Genetic Diversity Genetic diversity, the level of biodiversity, refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It is distinguished from genetic variability, which describes the tendency of genetic characteristics to vary. The interdependence between genetic and biological diversity is delicate. Changes in biological diversity lead to changes in the environment, leading to adaptation of the remaining species. Changes in genetic diversity, such as in loss of species, leads. to a loss of biological diversity.

- Genetic Erosion Genetic erosion in agricultural and livestock biodiversity is the loss of genetic diversity, including the loss of individual genes, and the loss of particular combination of genes (or gene complexes) such as those manifested in locally adapted landraces of domesticated animals or plants adapted to the natural environment in which they originated. The major driving forces behind genetic erosion in crops are: variety replacement, land clearing, overexploitation of species, population pressure, environmental degradation, overgrazing, policy and changing agricultural systems. The main factor, however, is the replacement of local varieties of domestic plants and animals by high yielding or exotic varieties or species. A large number of varieties can also often be dramatically reduced when commercial varieties (including GMOs) are introduced into traditional farming systems.

Original by CIMMYT

- Potential of Genetic Resources

PGR continue to play an important role in the development of agriculture. Genetic material of plants which is of value as a resources for the present and future generations of people. These can be classified in seven different groups.

Primitive forms of cultivated plants and land races Modern cultivars and obsolete (unused) cultivars Breeding lines and genetic stocks Weed races Related wild species and other wild species

Plant Breeder’s Right and Plant Patents

- UPOV

UPOV was established by the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. The Convention was adopted in Paris in 1961 and revised in 1972, 1978 and 1991. The objective of the Convention is the protection of new varieties of plants by an intellectual property right. By codifying intellectual property for plant breeders, UPOV aims to encourage the development of new varieties of plants for the benefit of society.

- Plant breeder’s Right Plant breeder found a special characteristic of

plant genetic resources. Plant breeder has done very well for producing

varieties. The colleague and company have done very well

too. The company that developed the varieties spend a

lot of money. At least the company need to monopolize the

varieties for a certain period.

- What kind of plants for UPOV ? At the date on which it becomes bound by this convention, to all plant genera and species to which it applies.

National BioResource Project in Japan

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,

Science and Technology (MEXT) has

conducted the first and second terms of the

National BioResource Project (NBRP) from FY

2002 to FY 2011 to comprehensively promote

life sciences.

The major purpose of this project is to collect,

preserve, and provide bioresources (such as

experimental animals and plants) that are

essential experimental materials for life

sciences research. The project also aims to

improve the bioresources by increasing the

value of bioresources through enriching

genome information and developing

fundamental technologies for preservation and

other necessary procedures, in order to meet to

the current scientific demands. In addition,

reinforcement of functions of the information

center is included in the project to enhance

dissemination of the information regarding the

whereabouts and biological characteristics of

bioresources.

Project General Outline

1) Core facility upgrading program

2) Genome information upgrading program

3) Fundamental technology upgrading program

4) Information center upgrading program

NBRP

３

The conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources in agriculture are essential to the sustainable development of agricultural production and of rural areas. The education of genetic resources program on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture promotes genetic diversity and the exchange of information between both country. It also facilitates co-ordination in the field of international undertakings on genetic resources. And we can understand at Plant Variety Protection system. At first・・・・

Collection Conservation Characterization

（Triple C）

Research and Education Program in Genetic Resources

Genetic resources in agriculture preserving the diversity

３

Summer Program in University of Miyazaki

１

Research and Education in Genetic Resources

３

National BioResource Project Genetic Resource Curator

This project, with the objective of training internationally special curators in biogenetic resources, aims to provide education opportunities and improve systems that will achieve. In partnership with education and research institutes overseas, internationally minded human resources familiar with the scientific handling and the handling in compliance with the collection and conservation on Biological Diversity and other involved laws of biogenetic resources in the field of environment will be educated.

International Distribution of the Educational Curriculum for Genetic Resources

International Distribution of the Educational Curriculum for Genetic Resources (April 2010 ‒ March 2015)

University of Miyazaki

Kasetsart University

Support

TrainingSatellite support office

Teach the

curriculum

Main office

Sunchon National University

Satellite support office

Support

Training

ICT (web site, video conference system, video podcast ...)

Educate local younger

members of the faculty

Construct a continuous support

system by using Information and

Communication Technology (ICT)

Support and administration

Guarantee of the curriculum quality

Educate by younger

faculties

Faculty

Students

Faculty

Faculty

Kyoto Institute of Technology

Cooperation

Taught by younger

faculty

Faculty

Students

Developed by University of Miyazaki and Kyoto Institute of Technology

Core%curriculum%Program%for%Gene1c%Resource%Educa1on%

and%Development

♦ Curriculum ♦ Alliance

♦ Publicity activities

Registration rate of the curriculum 25% (15/60)

Certified rate

90% (10/11)

@April 2009

International Management Procedure of the Curriculum

Laboratory work and each classes

Genetic Bioresources

Role of genetic resources in Society

Bioinformatics

Classification Transformation Diversity

Observation

Nucleotide sequence Genome size

Microsatellite

Genetics

Some plants Medaka

Some plants

Particle bombardment

Practice and train methodologies I -Laboratory-

Zoysia spp.

Lotus spp.

Medaka Bahia grass

Practice and train m

eth

odo

logies II -

Fie

ld-

１

Practice and Train Methodologies - Laboratory work -

３

Keywords:

Observation, Phenotyping, Genotyping, Polymorphism, Genome size, Transformation

Multiple monitor system in practice room

Multiple PC monitoring and administrating system in bioinformatics

ICT and digital contents -hardware-

Attending certification

Homepage in Genetic Resource Program

International Course of Agriculture

ICA

Environmentally sound biological production

Integrated control of animals and plants

Conservation and utilization of biological genetic

resources

Graduate Education for Global Society The students graduated master course are active in various areas of the world

Special Course for International Program

“This program will start from 2014 Spring”

Bachelor Degree

Master Degree

Doctor Degree

Lecture Practice Thesis

10 5

14 6 10

122

0

7 6

Gradational Units

International Course of Agriculture in Miyazaki University

Genetic resource education and research in one Asia

Genetic resources

Research

Date base

Educational program

Triple C project Collection Conservation Characterization

Bioinformatics program

Genetic resources curator program 2006〜

Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization

<Project name> Educational programs for conservation and utilization of genetic resources, and global environmental improvement for the preservation of genetic diversity <Acceptance and dispatch on students> 25 Japanese students from UOM 25 ASEAN students from 6 University in Asia <University cooperation> Kasetsart University (A), Gadjah Mada University (A), Bogor Agricultural University (A), Hanoi Agriculture University (A), Bandung Institute of Technology (E), Central Luzon State University (A, E) <Credit in program> 18-20 credits including Japanese culture, basic specialized subject, Lab. training and Lab. Research etc. <Duration of students> One semester (4-6 months)

< Planning in 2014 >

University of Miyazaki Bangkok Office

in Kasetsart University

• Science of Food Materials

• Food Functionality

• Food Science and Technology

• Japanese Food Culture

• Fermented Food Product in Japan

Human Resource Development of Food Science

in ASEAN Countries

The Cooking and Food culture on Japanese Cartoon

Thank you for your attention

Ryo Akashi

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Japan

rakashi@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp