He Taura Tuakiri; Ko Te Reo Tipua

N Lucia May [Koko] Hotere

Kua tukuna tnei tuhinga wewete nei kia ea ai ng ritenga ki

Te Tohu Paerua Mtauranga Mori

Te Whare Wnanga o Awanuirangi

Hanuere 2014

He Rrangi Krero 1

HE RRANGI KRERO

HE RRANGI KRERO ............................................................................... 1

He Rpopototanga ............................................................................................ 5

He Mihi .............................................................................................................. 6

He Waiata Tmatanga ...................................................................................... 8

Ko Te Whanga Tuatahi ............................................................................... 10

He Kupu Whakataki ............................................................................. 10

Ko Wai Ahau? ...................................................................................... 10

Ko Taku Hanganga .............................................................................. 11

Hnukutanga ki Tamaki ....................................................................... 13

He Rarunga Wairua .............................................................................. 13

Ko Te hua o Te Tuhinga Nei ............................................................. 14

Ko Te T Rangahau ............................................................................. 14

Ko Ng Whanga o Te Tuhinga Nei .................................................... 16

He Krero Whakamutunga .................................................................. 18

Ko Te Whanga Tuarua ................................................................................ 19

He Mtauranga Mori .......................................................................... 19

Tohungatanga ....................................................................................... 20

He Tikanga; He Mtauranga Mori ..................................................... 21

He Aha Ki T Te Kaituhi Tirohanga? .................................................. 23

He Tirohanga Whnui a Hirini Moko Mead ........................................ 24

He Aha T Te Kaituhi Tirohanga? ....................................................... 27

He Krero Whakamutunga .................................................................. 27

Ko Te Whanga Tuatoru .............................................................................. 29

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga ..................................................... 29

Ko Te Reo Mori; He Aha na Kaupapa? .......................................... 30

Ko Te Hitoria o Te Reo; Whakapapa o Te Reo ................................... 31

Ko T Te Reo Me na Tikanga Rangahautanga ................................. 34

Ko Te Whakaora I Te Reo ................................................................... 35

He Rrangi Krero 2

Ko Te Pouaka Whakaata Mori ........................................................... 36

He Krero Whakamutunga .................................................................. 37

Ko Te Whanga Tuawh ............................................................................... 38

He Pnga ki te Mtauranga Mori ....................................................... 38

Ko Ng Tohu Matua............................................................................. 38

Ko Ng Tukunga Iho ............................................................................ 39

Ko te Rpoata Hunn .............................................................................. 41

Ko Ng Rpoata Hanganga Hou ........................................................... 42

Kohanga Reo, Kura Kaupapa Mori .................................................... 43

He Krero Whakamutunga .................................................................. 45

Ko Te Whanga Tuarima .............................................................................. 47

He Tikanga Mahi Rangahau................................................................. 47

Ko Te Mana Whakahaere..................................................................... 48

Ko Ng Putanga Krero ....................................................................... 50

Ko Ng Mahi Ngtahi .......................................................................... 51

Ko Te Mahi Whakapakari Whakamana ............................................... 52

He Krero Whakamutunga .................................................................. 54

Ko Te Whanga Tuaono ................................................................................ 55

He Hanganga Oranga ........................................................................... 55

Ko Te Tuakiri o Te Tangata ................................................................. 56

He Iho Matua........................................................................................ 57

He Mauri .............................................................................................. 57

He Ngkau ............................................................................................ 58

He Mana ............................................................................................... 58

He Ihi .................................................................................................... 59

He Wehi ............................................................................................... 59

He Tapu ................................................................................................ 60

He Pmanawa....................................................................................... 60

He Whatumanawa ................................................................................ 61

He Auahatanga / He Waihangatanga ................................................... 61

Ko Te Hinengaro .................................................................................. 61

He Krero Whakamutunga .................................................................. 62

He Rrangi Krero 3

Ko Te Whanga Tuawhit ............................................................................ 63

Ko Te taarangi ................................................................................... 63

Ko Ng Whine N Rua Te Kkano I Whakat ................................ 64

Te Tmatanga o Te taarangi .............................................................. 68

Ko Ng Ture o Te taarangi M Te konga ...................................... 69

Ko Ng Ture o Te taarangi M Te Kaiako........................................ 72

He Krero Whakamutunga .................................................................. 73

Ko Te Whanga Tuawaru ............................................................................. 76

He Kohinga Krero .............................................................................. 76

Ko Kahukura Hotere ............................................................................ 78

Ko Matiu Wiki ..................................................................................... 81

Ko Chris Dunn ..................................................................................... 85

Ko Pirepire Marychurch ....................................................................... 88

Ko Tukino Turu ................................................................................... 90

Ko Te Waru George Popata ................................................................. 93

Ko Moana Stephanie Hotere ................................................................ 96

Ko Mei Meri Horomona (Awarau) ...................................................... 98

Ko Renee Sophia Marama Hokai ....................................................... 101

He Krero Whakamutunga ................................................................ 103

Te Whanga Tuaiwa .................................................................................... 105

He Krero Whakahiato ...................................................................... 105

Ko Ng Tipuranga E Toru.................................................................. 105

Ko Ng Pngatanga Ki Ng Whnau ................................................. 106

Ko Te Aroha o Ng Mtua ................................................................. 107

He Timotimo Reo i Ng Kura ............................................................ 108

Phea Te Reo Mori? ......................................................................... 109

Ko Te Rangatiratanga ........................................................................ 109

He whina Nui .................................................................................. 110

Ko Te Mahi Kaiako ............................................................................ 111

He Krero Whakamutunga ................................................................ 112

Ko Te Whanga Tekau ................................................................................ 113

Ko Te Krero Whakamutunga ........................................................... 113

Ko Ng Whakahaerehanga ................................................................. 113

Ko Ng Pnga Tikanga Mori............................................................ 114

He Rrangi Krero 4

He Wairua T Te Reo ........................................................................ 115

He Oranga Wairua.............................................................................. 115

He Krero Whakamutunga ................................................................ 116

He Waiata Whakamutunga ......................................................................... 118

He Tpiringa ................................................................................................. 119

Ko Te Rrangi Kupu ................................................................................... 120

Ko Te Rrangi Puna Krero ....................................................................... 125

He Rpopototanga 5

He Rpopototanga

Since the arrival of Pkeh, Mori and others have voiced concern about the state of

the Mori language its life, near death and resurgence. It has been written about in

theses, books and fought over with successive governments since the 1800s. This

study is further contribution to the discussion of those whose passion is to continue

the fight for the preservation of the Mori language; the indigenous language of

Aotearoa.

This thesis also explores the paradigm shifts, impacts and affects on the Mori

Language, its culture and people with using narratives of those who grew up

amongst the political shifts and subsequent impacts especially when trying to hold

onto their identity and integrity as a Maori in this ever changing enviroment within

Aotearoa. Such struggles have become a part of their particular make-up today and

that of many Mori of the same era. Integral to this discussion is the examination of

the Te taarangi teaching method as a pathway towards Mori language revival, a

method that has been adopted by other indigenous cultures throughout the world as a

leading method in language revitalisation will also be undertaken. In particular the

narratives will provide accounts of experiences within the kaupapa of Te Ataarangi.

He Mihi 6

He Mihi

He mihi aroha tnei ki a rtou r kua auraki atu ki te poho o Hine, i reira tkina atu ai

te rai o te p hei uwhinga m rtou. Ko te whakatau noa ake, ahakoa kua ngaro

koutou ki te p wahang, e hau tonu mai nei koutou n kupu akiaki ki roto ki te

ngkau tangata.

Nei r te reo mihi ki te whnau o Te taarangi. E mihi kau ana ki a koe Whaea Te

Heikoko Mataira, otir krua tahi ko Ngoingoi Pewhairangi. E kore rawa e mutu ai

ng mihi ki a krua.

I tautia e ng waka, titiro kau ana ki ng paemaunga, ki ng awa e rere kau ana ki

ng marae, ki ng hap, ki ng iwi o Te Aupouri, Ngti Kuri, Ngi Takoto, Ngti

Kahu, Te Rarawa, Ngpuhi-nui-tonu, Ngti Whtua ku taura whakaheke e.

Ka nui te mihi ki a koutou katoa i whina mai ki ahau i tnei mahi nui. Ki taku

iramutu a Jamie Hakopa Karatea nu r te whakaaro i whakat ki roto i ahau kia

mahi te mahi.

Whakarerea te whakaaro, noho noa;

Ara ake! Mahia te mahi kia tika r. (Karatea 2012)

Ki a Ana taku hoa tata i tnei kaupapa n tua tnei mahi nunui i mahi. Nu ahau i

akiaki kia oti pai i tnei kaupapa. N tua ng whakaaro i puta mai, ng krero i

whakawhitiwhitingia, i tautohetohengia, i whakawetengia, , kia puta tahi kupu hei

whai hngaitanga m tnei kaupapa krero, m tnei tuhinga roa. E hia nei ng

hora i te ao, i te p, , kua ttuki!

He Mihi 7

Ki a koe Te Tuhi krua ko t hoa whine a Rosalind me t krua mokopuna a Tia

Pounamu, ng mihi nui m te whi punanga kei koutou kinga. Nku hoki te

whiwhi i whai w krua ki te krero tahi; he krero reka, he kai reka, , he inu reka.

Ki a koe e Jay, ng mihi m t mahi whakahau, whakamahara ki ahau. Ko tua tn

e whakapau kaha ana m te roanga o ng tau e rua kua hipa kia ttuki pai, kia ti pai

i tnei whanga o t taua haerenga i te ao mtauranga. E hia nei ng w i waea mai

koe ki ahau, i ptt mai koe, i akiaki mai koe ki ahau a mea nei: Kia kaha r e hoa

mahia te mahi (Te Tuhi 2013).

Ki a koutou aku iti, aku rahi; ko te whnau whnui o Te taarangi horekau he kupu i

tnei ao hei whakaatu ki a koutou katoa m ng waimarietanga kua riro i ahau me

taku whnau i a mtou e ttaki ana i tnei kaupapa ataahua. Ko ng mihi aroha nui

ki a koutou katoa. E whakapono ana ahau horekau he kaupapa t atu i tnei i te ao

hurihuri nei hei whina atu i a Ngi Mori ki te hoki an ki tna reo me na tikanga.

Ki ku tukana, me ku tngane n koutou i puarehia koutou ngkau ki aku e

hiahia nei i tnei kaupapa. Ko Mei Meri koutou ko Renee, ko Hori, ko Matiu, ko

Kahukura, ko Tukino, ko Chris, ko Pirepire, ko Moana. Ko ng mihi aroha nui rawa

atu ki a koutou.

Ko tku whnau, ko Makere koutou ko Dennis, ko Moeroa, ko Te Aroha, ko Jamie,

ko Keita, ko Lucy, ko Ana, ko Tukino, ko Anamoerangi, ko Hineteina, ko Matiu, ko

Kurt, ko Nikita, ko Sven nui, ko Sven iti, ko Kylee, ko Ashley nui, ko Levi, ko

Cowan, ko Ashley iti, ko Moana, ko Cilla, ko Mama Sene, ko Gayleen me tu

whnau katoa, ko Te Waiata. Ko koutou katoa taku ao.

Ko Pp krua ko Mm in horekau krua horekau hoki ahau. Ahakoa kei tua o

taua pae kapua krua, kei tku ngkau i ng w katoa. E mhio ana ahau kei ku

tahataha krua e whakakaha ana i ahau, e whakahau ana i ahau kia mahi ahau i aku

mahi katoa ahakoa ng piki me ng heke o te ao hurihuri nei.

Heoi an, m krua tnei tinga mahi.

He Waiata Tmatanga 8

He Waiata Tmatanga

He Haerenga

N ng konga o Te taarangi ki Marawatea, i Kirikiriroa i te tau ruamano m tahi

ttahi waiata i tito. Ko wai m rtou? Ar, ko Riripo Rongo, Tomairangi Woods, ko

Ken Kara rtou ko Tui Makowharemahihi. N Koko Hotere te rangi, n Koko

Hotere hoki ng kupu i whakatakoto hei ruri, hei waiata.

E rere ana au i te rangi, ka ttaha taku haerenga

Ng pikinga, ng hekenga, taku oranga, ka wiriwiri

Ka muhumuhu e

Whngai mai te mtauranga, kia makona te kingo

Whakahau te topa haere, whakahau te moemoea

Koira te hua o taku haerenga

Phea te huarahi, e whakairo nei au

Ka tiro kau ana au, ko te rkau

Kei reira te whnau e tuitui nei

I taku tipuranga, i taku whanake

Te Ataarangi ki Marawatea Kirikiriroa (2000)

Hoki mahara ahau i a mtou e whakaarohia ana tnei waiata. Ka whakahua te waiata

nei i mtou whiriwhiringa, ar,

... ka ttaha taku haerenga

Ng pikinga, ng hekenga, taku oranga, ka wiriwiri,

Ka muhumuhu e.

He Waiata Tmatanga 9

Mrama pai ana ahau ki rtou mharahara, ki rtou wawata kia akohia te reo me

na tikanga. E mahara hoki ana rtou m rtou tamariki, mokopuna e rapu huarahi

tika i tnei ao hurihuri. I puta ng whakaaro o tn, o tn o rtou; rtou e noho

ngoikore ana, e noho koroukore ana m ng tikanga a kui m a koro m. Koinei ng

puritanga i puta mai i taua p i a mtou e wnanga ana. Ko ng piki me ng heke o

te ao Pkeh r e whakamataku ana i a mtou t te mea ehara mtou i te Pkeh he

Mori k. Ko te hua o tnei ao hurihuri he ao muhumuhu, he ao wangawanga noa

ki a mtou. Ko te ao muhumuhu, he ao noho pukuriri kore e ahei ana ki te mahi

tturu i ng tikanga a kui m, a koro m. Horekau he tranga kia t kaha i roto i

tnei ao t te mea kei ttahi an iwi k taua tranga e whakahaere ana.

Ko te hiahia kia kingia e mtou te mtauranga o rtou kua haere ki te p kia kore e

ngaro pr i te moa. E whakapono ana ahau in kaikai te tangata i na nei e hiahia ai

ka puwai taua tangata. He rite ki te rere topa haere o te manu he ataahua tana rere

i te rangi, e taurite ana tnei ki te t kaha o te tangata i roto i tna ake ao he tangata e

mhio ana ko wai ia?, n hea ia? He aha na taura whakaheke? Kei reira rapua tna

tino rangatiratanga. e r, he moemoea te hua. Koir te hiahia o te haerenga i te

mata o te whenua nei.

I taua w horekau mtou i whakaaro m mtou huarahi engari ko te whiti tuatoru

me ng kupu r i puta mai. e, he hngaitanga aua kupu ki te whnau o Te

taarangi engari an he whakaaro i puta n ng tpuna k ttou huarahi i

whakarite. Heoi an, kei te huarahi tika ttou? Kore rnei? Me phea ttou e hpai

ake i o ttou tikanga?

Me tmata ngtahi ttou i tnei haerenga hou i roto i tnei tuhinga roa kia puarehia

ttou karu ki ng mahi phitanga a tn, a tn ki a Ngi Mori. Kia kore e noho noa

iho me te whakaae ki tr kaupapa a iwi k, a iwi k.

Kia Mataara ake! Kia Mataara ake!

He Kupu Whakataki 10

Ko Te Whanga Tuatahi

He Kupu Whakataki

He Mana

Ko Wai Ahau?

I te taha o tku matua, ko Te Rarawa me Ngpuhi ng iwi, ko Tao Mau me Te

Hikutu ng hap; ko Tarakeha me Te Ramaroa ng maunga, ko Moetangi me

Whirinaki ng awa, ko Ngtokimatawhaorua me Tinana ng waka, ko Mtihetihe me

P Te Aroha ng marae, ko Mitimiti me Whirinaki ng whi.

I moe a Mane Hotere i a Atiria Tangirau, ka puta ko Hipiriona Barney Hotere (te

tuatahi). I moe a Te Wanihi Mihaka Pakinga i a Katarina Tuia Waipouri ka puta ko

Akinihi Pakinga. Ka moe a Hipiriona Barney Hotere i a Akinihi Pakinga ka puta ko

Matiu Waipouri Hotere tku matua.

I te taha o tku whaea, ko Mamaru me Ngtokimatawhaorua ng waka, ko Taratara

me Whakatere ng maunga, ko Mangawhero me Waima ng awa, ko Mangawhero

me Otatara ng marae, ko Ngti Rangi Matakaka me Te Mahurehure ng hap. Ko

Otangaroa me Waima ng whi.

I moe a Te Waru Puru i a Mereana Harris ka puta ko Te Wiri Waru Puru. I moe a

Kahupara Ema Tukariri i a Victor Clarence Green ka puta ko Keti Green ka moe a

Te Wiri Puru i a Keti Green ka puta ko tku whaea a Lucy Ivy Puru. Ka moe a

Matiu Hotere i a Lucy Puru ka puta ko ahau ko Koko Lucia May Hotere.

He Kupu Whakataki 11

Ko Taku Hanganga

Kua roa ahau e hkoi noa ana i te mata o te whenua e rapu haere ana ko wai ahau, n

hea ahau, me te mea nki he maha ng ptai matua kei mua i ahau i ng w katoa;

he aha taku tino mahi konei?, he aha te take kei konei ahau i tnei w?, aha atu, aha

atu. Koinei ku whakaaro; mai i taku tipuranga, he pnei te hua, ar, e hkoi ana

taku tinana i te mata o te whenua nei horekau he wairua tna. He ngoikore, he ana

k tku tinana; ko aku mahi katoa pr i te hua o ttahi karetao n ttahi atu aku

taura mahi i mahi.

He uaua mku ki te hoki whakamuri ki te w i tipu ake ahau engari an he tikanga

kia kitea e te kaipnui i ahu phea mai ahau, he aha hoki taku hanganga?

Kua whakaaro ahau he tangata riri ahau, koir te hua o taku oranga mai i taku

whnautanga mai ki tnei ao tae noa mai ki tnei w. He aha te take i pr ai? I tipu

ahau i ttahi whare pr i te htaka, Once Were Warriors (Duff 1990). I te ope

taua taku matua, i haere ia ki Malaya, ki Vietnam ko ia nki ttahi i whawhai i

waenganui i te paitini Agent Orange (Griffiths 2003).

He tangata mr tku matua, i patupatu haere ia ki tku whaea me ng tamariki. He

mr na tohutohu ki a mtou i ng w katoa. I taua w ahakoa i rongo ahau i te

mamae o nei mahi a Pp horekau ahau i kite atu he aha te tino take o nei

tohutohu, horekau ahau i kite atu i te tino take n te aha i pr ai a Pp.

I taua w horekau a Pp i mhio ki te krero i te reo Mori ahakoa i tipu ai a ia i

roto i te reo i na tau tamariki, , wai r, wai r i ngarongaro haere i a ia tna reo.

I na tau kaumtuatanga nn i whakaako te reo Mori ki a ia an. He matatau na

mtua ki te krero i te reo. He matatau nki na tukana ki te krero i te reo Mori.

Tekau m tahi ng tamariki i tna whnau ko ia te tuarima, tokowh na tukana,

toko rima na teina kotahi anahe tana tuahine. I tipu rtou katoa i roto i te reo engari

ko ng tukana anahe i mau pai tonu te reo, i raru ai ko ng teina.

He Kupu Whakataki 12

I tipu rtou i Moetangi, i Mitimiti. E rua rau kiromita te tawhiti mai i a Mitimiti ki te

moana o Tpokopoko a Tawhaki1. Ko ng kai o reira he kaimoana, ko tahi i

whakatipu kararehe, he kau m te miti, he pata, he tihi, he miraka me te kirimi, he

heihei m ng hki, he huawhenua, he wtkirihi, he puha, he hua rkau. He pai a

rtou noho i aua w engari an i puta mai ng utu tke. Horekau rtou i te whai

oranga i te puna2. I ora ai rtou i te mahi hoko ika atu me ng ktai, ng hki, he

kirimi m ng kina, he miraka, he aha atu, he aha atu. Koinei te hua hokohoko atu.

He kaha n rtou o taua whi ki te whai i te hhi Katorika. Ia Rtapu haere ai ng

tngata katoa o taua rohe ki te whare karakia o Hato Hemi ki te taha o te marae o

Mtihetihe me te whare tupuna o Tumoana. I haere ai ng pirihi ki te whakahaere

miha i ng hapori ahakoa he pirihi n Ingarangi n hea k rnei i ako rtou ki te reo

Mori kia ahei rtou ki te whakahaere i ng miha i roto i te reo Mori, , ka

whakawhiti te arotahi o ng tngata Mori ki ng huatanga hou o taua hhi. I riro

katoa i te hhi Katorika aua whnau katoa te whai.

He matatau tku Mm ki te krero Mori, i tipu ia i roto i te reo. He matatau hoki

na mtua ki te krero i te reo Mori. N ng kaiako Pkeh i tana kura a ia i patu ai

in krero Mori a Mm ki te kura. Ko ia ttahi i mau tonu tna reo Mori t te

mea i krero Mori tonu o rtou whnau i te kinga. Tekau m ono o ng tamariki i

tna whnau. Ko ia te mtmua, tokorima na tngane, tokoono na teina, tokorua i

whngai atu ki ttahi an whnau.

I tipu ai te whnau i Otangaroa ki te marae o Mangawhero, ko te whare tupuna ko

Te Aroha. Kei tuawhenua a Otangaroa, tata ki te tone o Kaeo. He tekau kiromita

te tawhiti ki te Moananui-a-kiwa engari kei ng whanga o taua taha rwhiti he

kaimoana; he kina, he tio, he ika, an nei ko tahi i whakatipu kararehe, he heihei, he

hipi, he poaka aha atu, aha atu. I taua whenua he mra, he hua rkau. He pai te noho

o rtou, haunga ko te mahi a ng mhita ki ng kura, ar, ko te mahi patu ai ng

tamariki in krero Mori ki te kura. I tipu nki rtou i te hhi Katorika haere rtou

katoa ki te whare karakia o Waitruke ia Rtapu. Engari an puta mai ng nawe a te

kwanatanga i whakararu ai i t rtou oranga.

1 Tasman sea 2 pound

He Kupu Whakataki 13

Hnukutanga ki Tamaki

Ko ng whnau e rua; ko te whnau Hotere me te whnau Puru i hnuku atu i o rtou

kinga o Whangaroa, o Mitimiti ki te tone nunui o Tamaki, rapu mahi ai hei tiaki i

rtou whnau. I puta mai te mahi tke whenua a te kwanatanga, he raru tino nui

tr ki te nuinga o ng whnau o aua whi t te mea horekau a rtou moni hei utu i

ng tke. In horekau rtou e utu tke ana m te whenua ka riro atu ki te

kwanatanga o te r. N, i kitea te hnukutanga rarahi mai i ng hapori Mori

taiwhenua3 o Hokianga. Ko te maha hoki o ng whnau Mori i whakap atu ki ng

huatanga o te tone nui, ko te nuinga o aua huatanga kia noho pr a Ngi Mori i

ng Pkeh.

He Rarunga Wairua

Ka aroha ki tku Mm ko ia anahe tr i tiaki i a mtou. He iti a mtou moni i aua

w, ka tango a Mm i ng arai o ng wini, ktahi ka tuituia e ia he panekoti m

mtou. I mate atu taku Mm i te tau kotahi mano iwa rau iwa tekau m rima i

huripoki4 taku oranga katoa i taua w. I tmata ahau ki te aro ki taku reo Mori me

na tikanga, me taku tino rangatiratanga, i te mea horekau taku reo Mori. I taua w

i te mhio ahau e ngaro ana ttahi huatanga i roto i ahau, ar, ko te wairua o te reo

me na tikanga.

I ng tau tata nei, i whai w ahau ki te whakaaro ki tku Pp me na mahi o mua r

ki a mtou i a mtou e tamariki ana, ki tku Mm nki. Kei te whakapono ahau n

ng mahi phitanga a Pkeha m ki a Ngi Mori i pr ai te huatanga a Pp ki a

mtou. I mate atu taku Pp i te tau ruamano tekau m tahi i n tau whit tekau m

whit i te mate pukupuku i na pkahukahu, i puta i te paitini Agent Orange ko te

tekau m ono tau i muri atu i te matenga o tku Mm.

Ka kite koe i roto i tnei tuhinga ko ng piki me ng heke o te hua o tahi o ng

tngata i tipu i aua w me te kite atu i tata mate te reo me na tikanga. I whnau mai

3 rural 4 turn upside down

He Kupu Whakataki 14

ahau i taua w nki o r pngia katoa. I whnau mai taku Pp i te tau kotahi mano

iwa rau toru tekau m toru, ko taku Mm i te tau kotahi mano iwa rau wh tekau m

toru, ko ahau i te tau kotahi mano iwa rau ono tekau m toru.

Ko Te hua o Te Tuhinga Nei

Ko ahau tnei e whakaatu ana ki a koe te kingo i ahau ki te mhiohio ko wai ahau,

n hea ahau?, he aha nki taku tino mahi ki runga i te mata o te whenua nei. Ki

ahau nei, koir te kingo o te tokomaha o mtou. E hiahia ana ahau ki te hngai i

aku putanga krero katoa ki te tuakiri o te tangata he tauira hei whakaatu i ng

akoranga katoa i puta mai ki ahau me tahi an i ako i raro i Te taarangi. Me titiro

ttou ki ng tuakiri o te tangata kia mrama ai ki rtou huatanga katoa hei whai

oranga an m te tangata i tna hokinga atu ki tna tino rangtiratanga, ki te reo me

na tikanga, ar, ki te huarahi pai, ki te huarahi tika.

Ko Te T Rangahau

Ko Te taarangi te huarahi tika ki te reo?

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau iwa tekau m whit, a muri atu i te matenga atu o tku

Mm i whakarite ahau i taku huarahi ki te reo. I haere atu ahau ki ttahi kura Te

taarangi, he kura rumaki reo m ng pakeke. He rerek te huatanga whakaako o

te kaupapa o Te taarangi ki er atu kura, , ki ku tirohanga ko te kaupapa o Te

taarangi e aro ana ki ng tikanga a Ngi Mori.

E rima ng aratohu o Te taarangi:

1. Kaua e krero Pkeh. 2. Kaua e poka tikanga. 3. Kaua e akiaki ttahi i ttahi. 4. Ki te ahu atu te ptai ki a koe ktahi an ka ahei ki te whakahoki. 5. Ngkau mhaki ttahi ki ttahi. (Te taarangi Incorporated Society 1981)

He Kupu Whakataki 15

Mn, e whai ana te konga i nei aratohu katoa, , kore e kore ka mau i a rtou te

reo, ka ako rtou i tahi hua e p ana ki a ia an, ko r atu huatanga horekau e

mhio te tangata kei a ia k, kei roto, kei waho nki i a ia. Kore an ahau kia

whakap atu ki ttahi an huatanga whakaako i pr atu i a Te taarangi. I tau pai

taku wairua mai i te r tmatatanga o te kura nei.

He waimarie ng tngata katoa kua whakap atu ki tnei kaupapa. E hiahia ana ahau

ki te krero ki tahi o ng tngata kua akohia ktia te reo, ki r e whakaako ana i te

reo, ki tahi o ng kaiwhina, ki tahi o ng kaiako, ki tahi o ng pouako kei roto

katoa rtou i te kaupapa o Te taarangi. Ka wwhia ng whakaaro o tn, o tn

kia kite atu ai he aha ng piki me ng heke o te kaupapa nei?, he aha rtou

wheakotanga i roto i te kaupapa nei o Te taarangi?, he aha te hua o a rtou oranga

i o rtou kinga?, i te taha o a rtou whnau?, he aha nki ng pnga kino o r mahi

a tauiwi m ki a Ngi Mori?

Hei te mutunga ka kite atu ttou in he huarahi tika tnei hei whai m te katoa kore

rnei?, , ka whai oranga tonutanga te reo Mari m ng whakatipuranga e heke mai

ana. Ka whai tumanako nki te reo Mori i ng ringa whina a te kwanatanga. Kia

whai mana a Te taarangi i ng mahere ako katoa hei akoranga m ng kura puta

noa i Aotearoa nei. He huarahi, he whinga m te katoa.

Ka whai tautoko ahau ki te taha o te Rnanga o Te taarangi, , ka whakamrama

atu ki a rtou nki aku hiahia m te kaupapa nei; ka tahi. Ka rua, ka whakarite aku

tngata uiui, tokoiwa o ng tngata uiui.

He whinga tnei m ng tipuranga e whai orangatonutanga muri mai i a mtou. He

maha aku ptai hei whai whakautu, ko te tumanako i tnei mahi e ahei ana ahau ki te

whakatau ai i te ngkau nei, i te wairua nei, , kia whai oranga an hei whakatau ai i

taku riri ki r o ng phitanga a Pkeh m, , kia ahei ahau ki te nga whakamua

me te aro ki ng mahi whakaora ai i te reo Mori me na tikanga. Ko te whakatau ai

o te wairua te mea nui ki ahau i taku oranga ko te tumanako m roto i nei

wheakotanga ahau e whakatau ai taku wairua.

He Kupu Whakataki 16

Ko Ng Whanga o Te Tuhinga Nei

He hanganga tangata te tino whakatakotoranga o te ia o tnei tuhinga. Ka whai ng

whanga katoa o tnei tuhinga i ng huatanga o te tuakiri o te tangata. N Kterina

Te Heikoko Mataira taua kaupapa i ora ai ki tnei ao. Horekau ahau i tipu i roto i

nei mhiotanga o te kaupapa o te tuakiri o te tangata. I mua r, i paku rongo ahau i

tahi o aua huatanga engari khai i mhio he aha tana hngaitanga ki taku oranga,

khai ahau i rongo i tna hhonutanga. Heoi an ki ahau he kaupapa hiranga nei

huatanga katoa ki te tangata me tna hanganga ki tr o te tangata me tna oranga.

He Mana Ko te whanga tuatahi o te tuhinga nei. Kei roto ko ng krero e p ana

ki ahau me taku haerenga mai i taku whnautanga mai ki tnei ao tae noa ki tnei w.

He kupu whakataki; he mana t ng mea katoa ahakoa e h ana, akahoa e tika ana.

M te tangata an tana huarahi e whai, m te whnau te tangata e poipoi ki te huarahi

tika. Hei te mutunga m te mhio, m te mrama, m te rongo i te h o tna whnau,

i te h o na tupuna ka pakari ai te tangata.

He Pmanawa Ko te whanga tuarua ko te mtauranga Mori. Ka titiro ttou ki

ng whakaaro o ng tohunga tokorua. Ko Hohepa Kereopa n Tuhoe rua ko Hirini

Moko Mead n Ngti Awa me rua mhiotanga ki tahi o ng mtauranga Mori i

roto i o rua wheakotanga mai i rua maharatanga me rua akoranga i rua

koroua, i rua kuia.

He Iho Mtua Ko te whanga tuatoru nei e p ana ki te reo me na tikanga. Ka

titiro ttou ki te tmatanga, ki te taenga mai a tauiwi m tae noa mai ki tnei w. He

tikanga ka kite atu ttou ko ng piki me ng heke o te oranga me te tata mate o te

reo. E tika ana nki kia mhio ttou ki nei krero tika kia mhio ttou katoa n te

aha i pr ai t ttou nei reo.

He Tapu Ko tnei whanga tuawh ko ng pnga a te kwanatanga o te r ki a

Ngi Mori ko ng putanga ture, ko ng putanga mahi i whina atu ki te mahi

whakanoho a iwi k ki Aotearoa, i a Ngi Mori, ko te mahi whakatau tikanga o

tauiwi m ki runga i runga i a Ngi Mori. Ko te whakatau o ng mea e rua me te

whakaaetanga o te katoa o aua huatanga.

He Kupu Whakataki 17

He Ihi Ko te whanga tuarima ko tahi o ng krero m te mahi rangahau. Ko ng

piki me ng heke o te mahi rangahau. He huatanga rerek taua mahi ki a Ngi

Mori ki ng kairangahau Mori nki. He roa te w e mahi ana a Pkeh m i aua

mahi rangahau. I mhio k rtou a Pkeh m, ka whakah rtou i a Ngi Mori i

ng krero ka puta mai. I nei r he rerek t te mea kua tipu, kua ako, kua tuhi

pukapuka ng kairangahau Mori. M rtou a Ngi Mori e tiaki i taua mahi.

He Whatumanawa Ko ng krero whakamrama o te tuakiri o te tangata kei tnei

whanga tuaono hei whai mramatanga ttou katoa i aua kare--roto. Kia rongo te

tangata i na pawaitanga hei whakaoho, hei whakahihiko i a ia an kia tau ai na

whinatanga ki te tangata. Ehara tnei kaupapa i te kaupapa hou ki a Ngi Mori i

whai ng tpuna i nei huatanga katoa engari i rerek i te w i tae mai he iwi an

me rtou tikanga. Ko te krero, in ka rite nei tuakiri katoa horekau he

ngoikoretanga, horekau he raru. Ka mahi ngtahi ng huatanga katoa o te tuakiri ka

pai rawa atu te tangata.

He Mauri Ko te whanga tuawhit ko tahi o ng krero e p ana ki te kaupapa o

Te taarangi kia kite atu ai te tangata ko na painga katoa. Ahakoa ko te reo Mori

ttahi o ng tikanga a Ngi Mori ki ahau ko te reo me na tikanga ng tino hiranga

rawa atu ki a Ngi Mori. Kei roto i tnei whanga ng mea matua o Te taarangi.

He wero ki a ttou katoa in puta mai te hiahia o te tangata ki te whakap atu ki te

kaupapa kaua e waihotia kia trewa whakamaua kia tina. Kia kite atu te tangata he

aha te take ka puta te tangata e krero Mori ana hei te mutunga o taua kura.

He Ngkau Ko te whanga tuawaru ko ng krero a te puna konga a Te

taarangi e kaingkau nui ana ki tnei kaupapa, ki te kaupapa o Te taarangi. Ko

ng huatanga o ng krero ka tmata i t rtou tipuranga ki te kinga, ka tahi. Ka

rua, ki rtou maharatanga ki ng huatanga i puta mai i a rtou e kura ana. He aha

hoki rtou mahi a muri atu i te kura? Me rtou pnga krero ki te kaupapa o Te

taarangi.

He Auahatanga Ko te whanga tuaiwa ko ng krero ttari a ng uiui tngata hei

whai tikanga i te kaupapa o Te taarangi, r i whina atu ki te tangata ki te ako i te

reo me te whakapakari i tna ake oranga kore rnei.

He Kupu Whakataki 18

Ko Te Hinengaro Ko te whanga tekau ko te krero whakamutunga o tnei mahi

nui. Ka kite pn kua ttuki ng hiahia o tua nei. Ko te whakaemi ai nki i ng

whakaaro, i ng krero, i ng mahi hei whai take ana i roto i t orangatanga, kore

rnei. Heoi, hei whakaarotanga mu.

Ko Te Whanga Rrangi Kupu Ko ng krero o tahi o ng kupu hei whai

mramatanga te tangata i tnei tuhingaroa.

Ko Te Whanga Rrangi Puna Krero Ko ng rrangi pukapuka, tuhinga,

krero hei tautoko atu i aku rangahautanga i tnei kaupapa.

He Krero Whakamutunga

He krero whakamrama nei kua whakaritea e te kaituhi nei hei tpapa m te

hua o ng whakaaro kua rangahaua. Heoi an kore e kore hei te mutunga o tnei

tuhinga roa ka whakaaro te tangata in e pai ana te haere o tna ake ao i roto i tnei

ao hurihuri? kore rnei? Ko te tumanako ka whakaarohia e te tangata kia haere ia ki

te ako te reo me na tikanga kia ngkau nui ki te whakakkngia e ia ng khao i roto

i a ia kia whakatau ai i na mharahara, i na mnukanuka me r atu o na

wangawanga m tna rapu i tna tino rangatiratanga i Aotearoa nei.

Kia whakaarohia te tangata ki t ttou reo Mori kia haere atu ia ki te ako i te reo

Mori hei te mutunga kia whakaae te tangata ko Te taarangi te huarahi mna kore

rnei.

He Mtauranga Mori 19

Ko Te Whanga Tuarua

He Mtauranga Mori

He Pmanawa

I neher, i mua i te taenga mai o iwi k, ko te Mori anahe i noho ki Aotearoa. He

phea te hua o te tuku i te mtauranga ki te whnau, ki te hap me te iwi o aua w?

I noho ngtahi ng whnau, ng kaumtua me ng kuia ki ng tamariki, ki ng ppi;

e whakaako ana i te reo i ng prkau, i ng krero kua waihotia e o rtou tpuna i

mua i a rtou.

Ehara ko te hua whakaako te noho ki ng tp ki ng tru ki mua i te kaiwhakaako,

ar, pnei i ng huatanga o ng kura pr noa iho, i te hua o ng kura o nianei

engari n te noho--whnau, te noho--hap ng huatanga ako. Me te mea an ka

mahi tahi rtou i te maara, i te marae, i te onep aha atu, aha atu. Ko ng mtua, ko

Mm me Pp r e whakaako ki ng tai tamhine me ng tai tamatne, ko tahi w

ko ng tohunga e whakaako ana ki ng tai tamatne ko r kua whiriwhirihia e ng

kaumatua me ng kuia o te hap, o te iwi rnei he tamaiti pai hei ako i ng mahi a te

tohunga.

Ehara ko te mtauranga--roro noa iho ng akoranga ka ako, ko te nuinga o ng

mtauranga i ako i aua w ko ng mtauranga mahi--ringa, mahi--tinana, ar, ko

ng mahinga maara, e whai ana rtou i ng whet me ng hua katoa o te

maramataka, ko te mahi h-ika, ko te rap kai i ng waahi katoa i ng awa, i ng

nghere, i ako rtou ko ng huatanga katoa o ng rau me ng rkau i te nghere hei

whakarite rongo m tr mauiui, m tr mauiui, aha atu, aha atu.

He Mtauranga Mori 20

Ko te hua o te noho i aua w he noho tnui, wai r, wai r i huripoki te hua o te

ao Mori me na katoa. N te aha i pr ai? Ka kite ttou i roto i ng whanga e

whai ake nei tahi o ng take hei whakaatu i te take i huripoki ai t rtou ao.

Tohungatanga

He krero e whai ake nei m tahi whakamrama m te hua o te mtauranga Mori

e ai ki tahi mtanga Mori he tohunga te tokorua nei. He hokinga mahara nei

krero m te tokorua nei. He taonga katoa nei krero hei peita ttahi pikitia i

ttou hinengaro m te hua o te ao kohatu i nohoia e ng mtua tpuna.

Ka tirohia e ttou ng mhiohio o ng tohunga tokorua me rua whakaaro m tahi

o ng mtauranga Mori i roto i rtou wheakotanga tohunga hei whakatau i te

whakaaro o te katoa o Ngi Mori me tahi o ng krero whakamrama o te

mtauranga Mori. Ko Hohepa Kereopa ttahi tohunga rongonui. I te noho a ia i

Tuhoe i a ia e hkoi haere ana i te mata o te whenua nei. I mate atu a Hohepa

Kereopa i te tau ruamano m whit. Ko Paul Moon te kairangahau me te kaitito o te

pukapuka Tohunga (Moon 2003).

He tirohanga Mori tnei n Hohepa Kereopa e p ana ki tahi tikanga e hngai ana

ki tahi krero whakamrama m te mtauranga Mori, mai i tna tamarikitanga ki

na tau pakeke. He tirohanga nki tnei o tahi tikanga a Tuhoe. I puarehia e ia te

tatau o tna ao kia kite atu ttou i tahi o ng huatanga na i tr ao. Heoi, i

pupuritia tonutia e ia tahi atu o ng krero. I mea nei a N Paul Moon:

All the themes, principles, and tenets contained in this chapter were selected by Hohepa as the ones he

felt were most important to communicate to a wider audience; they convey some sense of the direction of

his thinking and the types of issues he, as a tohunga, considered significant. (Moon, P. 2003, p. 87)

Ka kite ttou i na krero e p ana ki ng tikanga Mori hei whina i a ttou ki te

whai mramatanga i tahi hua mtauranga Mori. He rerek te tirohanga--ao o

Hohepa, ki te tirohanga--ao o tauiwi m. E mhio ana ttou i ng hiahia o ng

kaiptaiao Pkeh, , e hiahia ana rtou kia kite i ng taunakitanga--kikokiko o te

mtauranga ptaiao o ng mea katoa i tnei ao, kore rtou e whakapono ana ki r

He Mtauranga Mori 21

mea horekau he taunakitanga. E whai ana a Ngi Mori i ng wheakotanga i rtou

orangatanga, ar ko ng tikanga kua waihotia e ng tpuna mtua mai ran tae noa ki

tnei w, koir ng taunakitanga a Ngi Mori ki a Ngi Mori.

Kei roto i tnei whanga tahi o ng hua o te mtauranga Mori kua waihotia e ng

mtua tpuna hei whakarahia te iwi Mori i tna tmatanga tae noa ki tnei w. Ko

te aro ki ng krero me ng whakaaro o Hohepa Kereopa; na mhiotanga, na

wheakotanga i a ia e mahi ana. Ka kite ttou i tahi mtauranga Mori hei

whakamrama i na kaupapa, , kia whai mramatanga i ng tikanga o Ngi Mori.

In kua pnuihia e koe tana pukapuka, kua mhio k koe kua rerek tnei ao hurihuri

ki t Kereopa ao me te mea nki kua matemate haere, kua ngaro atu ki te p te

nuinga o aua mtauranga, o aua tikanga. e, kua rere te w, kua hurihia ng tikanga-

-tn iwi, -tn iwi hei te mutunga kore e taea te phea te mau tonu r e ngaro

ana.

He Tikanga; He Mtauranga Mori

Ko Te Karakia

I krero a Hohepa e p ana ki na mahi karakia. He rerek te hua o te tuku karakia

o r w ki nei w. Ahakoa tr e ora tonu ana ng karakia. E taki tonu ana ttou i

ng karakia. He tikanga ki a ia kia tuku ttahi karakia m te nuinga o ng mahi, ar,

ko te matenga o ttahi tangata, m te kai, m te hiahia o te tangata troro, m te

whakamoemiti atu ki te Atua, m te mahi i te maara; i mua, a muri atu nki o te mahi

hauhake, m te ata, m te p, m te mauiuitanga o te tangata, m ng kararehe, m

te tmatanga me te mutunga o ttahi hui, m te puaretanga o ttahi whare, m te hura

kohatu, tahi atu, tahi atu.

E whakapono ana a Hohepa ki te Atua: Hohepa frequently insisted that how things

happened should seldom, if ever, be questioned. If it was the will of the Almighty,

he would argue, What right do we have to question Him? (Moon P. 2003, p. 86).

Ko te hua tuku o te karakia te mea matua. Ko te tikanga kia tukuna e te kaikarakia i

runga i te aroha, i te pono me te tika, , kia kore e tukuna m te kore noa.

He Mtauranga Mori 22

Ko Te Mauri

E whai ake nei ng krero whakamrama a Hohepa m te hua o te mauri: ...we go

to a meeting house the whole whnau and we discuss an issue, agree on it, and

then that makes it come alive. So we have created a mauri. (Moon, P. 2003, p. 90).

Ka ka nei e Hohepa, he mauri t ng mea katoa. Heoi an he tpiritanga an na e

p ana ki te mauri:

So even a building can have a mauri, but it has to be connected to someone, somewhere along the line.

So, for example, the mauri for your home, you hold it. You hold the life force that affects what happens

in your home. (Moon, P. 2003, p. 90)

Kei te tangata te mana whakahaere o tr hua, o tr mauri. Ko te tumanako e pai

ana ng whakaaro o ttahi ki ttahi kia kore e whakaaro kino m tr tangata, kei

puta mai ttahi mauri an, ar, he mauri kino. Ktahi ko krua ko tr atu tangata

pea ka taka ki te repo, , raru ai. Heoi an, kia tpato i te tangata me na whakaaro,

me ana kupu khimuhimu. Me te mea nki, n te tangata te h in ka ngoikore tna

wairua. Mna tna ake ao e whakaora, e whakapai ake. Ko te krero matua me tiaki

te tangata i tna ake mauri kia kore e ngoikore.

Ko Te Tapu

E whai ake nei ko ng krero whakamrama m te kupu tapu: The word tapu

and the things surrounding tapu now have a different meaning for some people than

they used to. And several things common sense things - were tapu for a reason.

(Moon, P. 2003, p.89) Ko ng krero a Hohepa he tikanga kia kore te tangata e

waihanga krero e p ana ki te hua o te tapu. Ko te nuinga o ng mahi e pr ana.

Engari an kua rerek ng mahi tapu o mua ki ng mahi o nianei. Mea nei a

Hohepa: We believe that tapu is mainly about being practical. (Moon, P. 2003, p.

89) I puta mai tnei krero whakamrama mai i a Hohepa, ar, ko te tikanga kore i

te pai kia noho te tangata ki runga i te tpu t te mea he whi m te kai te tpu ehara

m tu kumu. Mea nei ttahi an hua o te tapu, ar, kei te moenga tna ake

tikanga, m te moe noa iho. N reira, he take kore m te kai ki runga i te moenga.

He Mtauranga Mori 23

Ko Te Reo Me na Tikanga

Ko ng krero a Paul Moon ka pnei n:

Despite a substantial amount of effort in maintaining and preserving te Reo Mori and the accompanying

tikanga, Hohepas repeatedly expressed view was that the efforts to protect and conserve these elements

were well meaning but misdirected: What matters is the mauri, ... Without that mauri, there is nothing.

... Its all about the mauri. That is what people have forgotten. (Moon, P. 2003, p. 92)

E whakapono ana a Hohepa ka kore te reo Mori e ngaro, i te mea e mau ana ng

tamariki i te mauri o ng tpuna mtua. Heoi an, kia whakahuaina e te iwi Mori

rtou tamariki ki ng ingoa tika, ki ng ingoa Mori, ki ng ingoa o rtou tpuna,

ka ora tonu ai te reo Mori, ng kupu Mori me na tikanga m ake tonu atu.

N te putanga mai o ng mea hou, pnei i ng mihi hou i roto i nei r o tauiwi m ka

tini tahi o ng kupu kia hngai ki r mea hou engari kua rerek te hua o te reo mai

ran ki nei r. Ahakoa te aha e krero Mori tonu ana te iwi Mori.

He Aha Ki T Te Kaituhi Tirohanga?

I a Paul Moon e mahi aromatawai ana i ng krero a Hohepa, i whakaaro pnei n:

... a sufficient number of Mori invested great effort to ensure that the traditions,

authentic Mori world-view survived, and therefore could be called as a term of

reference for articulation what it means to be Mori. (Moon, P. 2003, p. 85)

Ko Paul ttahi kairangahau, ttahi tangata e noho pmau ana ki na whinga ake i

tna ao. E ai ki a Hohepa, ko Paul ttahi o r tngata e tkaha ana i na whinga,

wai r, wai r, ka t ia hei rangtira m tna iwi. Ko Paul tr e hoki ana ki a

Hohepa ki te mahi i na mahi kia ttuki i na e hiahia ai me ng hiahia o Hohepa

nki i roto i a rua kaupapa i a rua mahi. Ki ku nei whakaaro ahakoa horekau he

reo Mori t Paul he ngkau Mori t Paul i te mea kua whakarongo ia ki a Hohepa,

, kua puta mai ng krero, ng mahi i runga an i te pono, i te tika, i te aroha nki.

I whakaaro tuatahi ai a Paul m Hohepa; he tangata tturu a Hohepa m te mahi

tohungatanga, , he rerek ng whakaaro o Paul m tahi an tohunga i ttaki ai i

mua r.

He Mtauranga Mori 24

Ki ahau nei, kore a Paul i noho tturu ki ng hiahia o Pkeh m, ar, ko te taha

ptaiao me ng taunakitanga. He ngkau nui tna ki ng krero kua puta mai. E

hei ana ia ki te pnui i ng krero kei tua atu i ng hiahia o Pkeh. Heoi an, i

rongo ia ki ng huatanga o ng mahi tohunga, koir ttahi o ng tikanga i tmata

mai ran, ahakoa, kei te mimiti haere tnei hua; e ora tonu ana i nei r.

He Tirohanga Whnui a Hirini Moko Mead

Ko Hirini Moko Mead te kaituhi o te pukapuka Tikanga Mori. (Mead 2003). He

tirohanga tnei pukapuka ki ng huatanga whai mtauranga me ng hua o ng

wnanga o mua i ng wnanga o nei r. Mea nei a Hirini Mead:

Learning is a life-long process and even if one chooses not to go to school, learning occurs. There is, in

fact, an ever-changing and expanding pool of knowledge to grasp. There is so much to learn that it is not

expected that any one person would ever learn it all. (Mead, Hirini M. 2003, p. 305)

Ka kitea e ttou taua krero a Mead (2003), horekau he tinga ki tnei mea te

mtauranga, te ako rnei me te mau tika o te mtauranga. He maha ng huatanga

ako i te mtauranga horekau he mutunga o te mtauranga. E ako tonu ana ttou i te

mtauranga i a te tangata e pnui pukapuka ana, e pnui npepa ana, e mtakitaki

ana i ng htaka pouaka whakaata, i a rtou haerenga ki te whare pikitia e mtakitaki

ana i ng kiriata, tirohia e rtou nki te ipurangi i runga i ng rorohiko, i a rtou e

haere ana ki ng hui whakarongo ai ki ng kaikrero me a rtou kaupapa krero.

I taku pnuitanga i tnei whanga o te pukapuka e krero ana a Mead (2003) e p

ana ki ng tikanga Mori i roto i te Whare Wnanga o neher ki ng huatanga o ng

Whare Wnanga o nei r. E whakataurite ana ki ng mea o aua w ki nei w.

E ai ki a Mead (2003) he rerek ng hua whakaako mtauranga: Some learning is

more structured and formal; there is a curriculum, a body of knowledge and a wide

range of subjects in which knowledge is divided and organised. (Mead 2003, p.

305). Ko te krero a Mead (2003) kei roto i te Mtauranga Mori ko ng

mtauranga Mori mai ran, i tnei w, , ko te w e heke mai nei nki. He take

kore kia rapu ai, kia whakahoki ttou i te ptai; i ahu mai te mtauranga Mori i hea?

He Mtauranga Mori 25

I puta mai i te tangata, te tikanga me te reo kia ora ai te mtauranga m ake tonu atu.

I whakamrama mai a Mead (2003) he rite t ttou mtauranga ki tr o Humpty

Dumpty. I te w i tkaha ai a Humpty Dumpty i tna nohoanga pai; he pai rawa atu

tna oranga pr ki te noho a te Mori i mua i te taenga mai a tauiwi m, engari

takataka haere a Humpty Dumpty i pakaru ia, , i marara tna tinana katoa. Koir

hoki te hua o te mtauranga Mori a muri atu i te taenga mai a tauiwi m, i marara

haere ng tikanga a te Mori; ko tahi i mate noa, ko tahi i huna ai, ko tahi e tatari

tonu ana m te putanga mai ki te ao an.

Ko Ng Whare Wnanga O Neher

Ko ng Whare Wnanga o neher he kura ehara m te katoa. I whakawehea e ng

tohunga ng tne me ng whine. I noho atu ng tne ki a rtou wnanga, i aro rtou

ki ng mahi a Tmataunga, i noho atu ng whine ki a rtou wnanga, i aro rtou ki

ng mahi a Hine-te-iwaiwa5. He tikanga r o Ngi Mori o neher. Ko te krero a

Mead:

Entering meant coming under the protection of a divine figure and observing some rules so as not to

offend the deity. Thus, students of weaving were dedicated to Hine-te-iwaiwa, woodcarving to

Ruatepupuke and Tne, fishing to Tangaroa, seafaring to Tangaroa and Twhirimtea. Those learning to

be warriors were dedicated to Tmataunga and those following argriculture to Rongo and Haumia.

(Mead, Hirini M. 2003, p. 307)

N t rtou hap rtou i whiriwhiri ai m r wnanga. He maha ng ture, ng

tikanga mai i ng pia o r wnanga me te uru atu ki r wnanga. I te tmatanga o

te mahi i huri ng akoranga ki raro i te huatanga o te tapu mai i te karakia tuatahi.

Hei te mutunga ka mutu i te karakia, , ka hoki an rtou ki te hua o te noa; ktahi

ka hei rtou ki te hoki an ki rtou whnau.

Ko ng mahi ka akohia; he mahi ahuwhenua, he mahi h-ika, he mahi toi m te

whawhai. Koir te hiahia o ng hap kia ako ng mahi hei whina atu i te hap. Ko

te huatanga o ng akomanga, kei roto i ttahi whare whakairo engari he paruparu te

papa. I reira ttahi ahi hei whakamahana i te tangata. I tmata ng kura i te awatea, ,

5 an atua regarded as the exemplary figure of a wife and mother. According to some narratives she married

Tinirau and gave birth to Thuruhuru. (Te Mhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 27-28;)

He Mtauranga Mori 26

mutu ai i te poupoutanga o te r. Horekau he w kai i waenga i ng wnanga, i ng

akoranga nki. I noho rtou i ng toka, i te papa, horekau he tru pnei i a ttou o

nei w. He kkahu m rtou ake i nei wnanga. Ia r, i te mutunga o ng mahi i

kai ng pia i ttahi toka iti. Me te mea an horekau he pukapuka, he mahi tuhituhi

me te mahi pnui.

Ko te tino hiahia o ng tohunga, ko r pia e hei ana ki te mau i ng koranga; he

tangata nki e hei ana ki te takitaki i ng akoranga, ar, kupu ki te kupu. Ko ttahi

o ng whinga matua o nei wnanga kia puta nei konga e mau ana ng akoranga

katoa o te r. I te mea, hei te mutunga o ng wnanga, ka t ng pia ki runga i ttahi

whriki ahurewa kei raro i ttahi o ng Whatukura6, , ka whakap atu ng tohunga

ki ng mhunga o ng pia, m ng pia ttahi o ng karakia ktahi an rtou ka ako e

takitaki ki te tuku i taua w tonu.

Ko Ng Whare Wnanga O Nianei

He maha ng whi ako i Aotearoa nei i nei r, he Wnanga Pkeh te nuinga engari

kua puta mai tahi Wnanga Mori. I te tau kotahi mano, iwa rau, waru tekau m

iwa i puta mai te Education Act. Whai muri atu i tr e hei ana a Mori m ki te

whakat he Whare Wnanga Mori ar ko r e waimarie ana, ko te Whare Wnanga

o Raukawa, ko te Whare Wnanga o Awanuiarangi, ko te Wnanga o Aotearoa me

r atu o ng whi akoranga mahi--rehe7. Kei roto i ng Whare Wnanga pr i te

Whare Wnanga o Tamaki, i te Whare Wnanga o Waikato, i te Whare Wnanga o

Otkou, i te Whare Wnanga o Otautahi, i te Whare Wnanga o Wikitoria he

whanga Mori, kei a rtou katoa kei roto i a rtou whi he tari Mori, he marae

nki.

Ko te nuinga o aua Whare Wnanga Mori kua whakahaere i tahi o ng akoranga o

ng Whare Wnanga o mua. Ko te nuinga o ng whi akoranga Mori ka tmata i

ttahi karakia i te ata i mua i a rtou kura, ka whakahaere ttahi kapahaka kia whina

6 The heaven where the atua dwells is Toi-o-ng-rangi, that is Tikitiki-o-rangi. The atua enter there are the the

whatukura, the male atua. Their house is Rangitea. 7 Trade training

He Mtauranga Mori 27

atu ki ng konga ki te ako tonu ki ng akoranga a kui m, a koro m. Ko tahi ka

whakawehewehea ng w kai i ng w akoranga. Ko tahi ka whakawehewehea ng

whi ako nki, ahakoa ka raru tonu tahi o ng konga ki r huatanga. Ko te

nuinga o ng mahi i nei r he whai koha atu ki ng kaiako, ktahi, ki ng tikanga o

ng iwi katoa i roto i o rtou kura. Ka rua, ki ng mahi, ki ng mtauranga e ako ana

i te kura. Ka toru, ko te tumanako kia haere ngtahi ng konga katoa me ng

mtauranga, , kia ttuki ai i rtou whinga i raro i taua kura.

He Aha T Te Kaituhi Tirohanga?

Ko Hirini Moko Mead (2003) te kaituhi; he tangata mhio a ia. Kua roa a ia e hkoi

ana i ng kauhanga o ng Whare Wnanga Pkeh, o ng Whare Wnanga Mori me

ng tapuwae a kui m, a koro m i runga i ng marae. Kua tirohia e ia ng krero a

Te Matorohanga i te pukapuka Kauwae-Runga (Smith, 1913), a Te Rangikaheke i te

pukapuka mai i a Kerei (Grey, 1953) hei whai mramatanga m te hua o ng Whare

Wnanga me ng krero a Io. Kua whakap atu ki ng krero nki a Best (1982) me

ng krero a Winiata 2001. Hei te mutunga ko na krero katoa e p ana ki ng

huatanga o te ako i te mtauranga i raro i te kaupapa o te tapu he tikanga e pr ana

te hua, i te mea, ka kite ttou he kaupapa hiranga, he kaupapa rangatira te ako i te

mtauranga ahakoa te aha. Ko ng krero a Mead (2003): The importance of the

art was emphasised by surrounding it with rituals and by placing the whole

institution under the tapu of knowledge and thus under the protection of the Gods.

(Mead, Hirini M. 2003, p. 319) Ka puta pnei mai te hua o ng pia nki: Students

were made to feel the importance of their learning not only through the daily rituals

but also by adopting special clothing while learning. Thus there was a clear

separation between everyday activities and learning. (Mead, Hirini M. 2003, p

319-320)

He Krero Whakamutunga

I roto i tnei whanga kua kite atu ttou i tahi o nga rerektanga o ng tikanga n te

ao kohatu, i tnei ao e ora tonu ana, , e matemate haere ana nki. e, kua ngaro atu

He Mtauranga Mori 28

tahi o aua huatanga n te ao kohatu. Na te aha? N te hurihanga o t ttou ao

engari tonu ko te mea nui e ora tonu ana tahi o ng tikanga o aua w. Ko tnei

whanga he ptanga timotimo noa ki tahi o ng mtauranga Mori, ki tahi o ng

tikanga Mori hei whina atu mai i a ttou ki te kite, kia mrama mai ki aua kaupapa

e whakahua ana i tnei tuhinga kia mhio nki ttou ki tahi o ng krero ka puta

mai i ng mtanga kai rangahau. In puta ttahi tuhinga, ka puta ttahi tono

rangahau a te kwanatanga wai rnei, aha atu te kaupapa rangahaua, aha atu.

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga 29

Ko Te Whanga Tuatoru

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga

He Iho Mtua

E tika ana, i tata mate atu te reo Mori. He rerek te hua o te reo i nei w i te reo o

neher, engari kore an te reo kia mate. E tika ana i tata mate atu ng tikanga a

Ngi Mori. e, he rerek te hua o ng tikanga o nei w i ng tikanga o neher,

engari kore an ng tikanga kia mate. He nanakia te mahi a te Pkeh, te mahi a te

karauna nki ki a Ngi Mori. Ahakoa r, kore an kia mate te reo me na

tikanga.

Kore a Pkeh m i tino mhio te hua o tnei iwi a Ngi Mori; he tino toa ki te

whawhai n te mea i tipu ai rtou i te ao pakanga. Heoi an, e pakanga tonu ana.

Horekau rawa he pakanga i pr i ng r o nehera engari kore an kia mate te

whawhai a te tangata Mori, e whawhai tonu ana i ng kooti, kei runga i ng rori e

porothi ana, aha atu, aha atu. E tautoko ana ahau i te krero: Ka whawhai tonu

mtou, Ake! Ake! Ake! (Mead, Grove 2001)

E whakapono ana ahau ka rongo--wairuatia atu e te Mori nei o ng mamae, ar,

horekau o rtou reo Mori, me te mea nki, horekau rtou e mhio ana ko wai rtou,

, n hea nki rtou? Kore an pea kia tino mhio koir na mahi, na whinga ki

te ako i t rtou tino rangatiratanga; ko te reo me na tikanga. Kei reira tonu te

hiahia, te koing o te Mori ki te kapo, ki te ako r n rtou k. Ko t rtou tino

rangatiratanga, ko t rtou reo me na tikanga.

He tikanga kia kite atu ttou i tnei whanga ko ng huatanga o te reo Mori me

na tikanga, i tna ahunga mai, i tna tmatanga i raro i ng ringa o rtou kua mate

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga 30

atu. Ka kite tna whakapapa i a Io-Taketake me ng krero o tn tangata o tn

tangata m te tino hirangatanga o ng reo taketake, o te oranga pai o ng reo taketake

o te ao. Kia kore ng reo e ngaro pr i te moa. Ka whakap atu nki ki tahi o ng

tukanga o te mahi rangahau i raro i ng huatanga Kaupapa Mori e hngai ana ki

taku kaupapa rangahau.

Ko Te Reo Mori; He Aha na Kaupapa?

Ko te reo te tino hanganga o ttahi iwi, in horekau he reo t te iwi horekau he

oranga hei whai m rtou. Ko te krero a Joshua Fishman (1997) mea nei:

language is a very powerful symbol of cultural identity and often prevails over

other cultural symbols as a dominant dimension of the identity. E tautoko ana ahau

nki ng whakaaro o Tipene ORegan (2001):

A language is seen to represent a culture and its associated symbols. Language contains knowledge

pertaining to a groups history values and beliefs that are transmitted from one generation to the next,

knowledge that is required by a people to understand the world around them (ORegan 2001:59-60).

Ko te tikanga kia haere ngtahi te reo me na tikanga, he whnau kotahi r. Kore

e hei ana te reo ki te haere ko ia me tna kotahi, me te mea nki kore e hei ana

ng tikanga ki te haere ko ia me tna kotahi; he whnau kotahi rua tahi. M te reo e

whakamana ng tikanga; m ng tikanga e whakamana te reo. Kia kotahi ai nei

mea e rua ka whai oranga te iwi: If you have language without the culture or vice

versa, it is like looking at a painting and being colour blind. You can see the

painting. You know what forms are in it but you are missing a wealth of messages

implied by the colour. (Jones 2008).

I neher ko te hua o te noho a Ngi Mori he tnui. Ko te reo Mori anake e rrere

haere ana i taua w. I tae mai a tauiwi m me a rtou reo me a rtou tikanga. Ko t

rtou hiahia kia whakatau a rtou tikanga, a rtou reo ki runga i a Ngi Mori te iwi

taketake o Aotearoa, ar, ko ng tngata whenua. N te mahi phitanga a te Pkeh

ki a Ngi Mori i tata mate atu te reo. Ko te krero a Claude Hagege (2009) he

mtanga reo o te ao, he whakaaro na e p ana ki te nuinga o ng reo taketake o te ao

e matemate haere ana:

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga 31

What we lose is essentially an enormous cultural heritage, the way of expressing the relationship with

nature, with the world, between themselves in the framework of their families, their kin people. It's also

the way they express their humour, their love, their life. It is a testimony of human communities which is

extremely precious, because it expresses what other communities than ours in the modern industrialized

world are able to express. (Hagege, C. 2009)

Haere tonu nga krero a Hagege (2009): ... languages are not simply a collection

of words. They are living, breathing organisms holding the connections and

associations that define a culture. When a language becomes extinct, the culture in

which it lived is lost too. (Hagege, C. 2009).

Toi te kupu, toi te mana, toi te whenua. (Mead, Grove, 2001, p 405)

Ko Te Hitoria o Te Reo; Whakapapa o Te Reo

Ko Io Ko te P

Ko Io tr e noho ana i te p, ko ia anahe i reira horekau he aha i taua w. Horekau

he oro, he ng te hua o te ao.

Rangi rua Ko Pp

wai r, wai r puta mai a Rangi rua ko Pp ko ng mtua.

Ko Ng Atua Mori

Puta mai ng tamariki ar ko ng Atua Mori, , puta mai te tmatanga o te reo. Ko

te reo o ng rkau e ttahataha ana i te hau o Tawhirimtea. Ko te rongo o ng ngaru

e paoro ana i te whenua. Ko te reo o ng manu, ng kararehe, ng ngrara, aha atu

aha atu.

Ira Tangata

Puta mai ko te reo o ng tpuna. I mua i te taenga mai o Pkeh m, i mua i te tau

kotahi mano waru rau wh tekau; ko te reo Mori anahe te reo i Aotearoa nei.

I tae mai a Pkeh m ki Aotearoa i ng tau kotahi mano waru rau i tmata ki te

whakanoho i rtou huatanga ki runga i a Ngi Mori koir ng tmatatanga o ng

phitanga ki te reo me na tikanga o Ngi Mori. E whai ake nei.

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga 32

1800 Ko te krero o ng kai rangahau htori Pkeh ko te reo Mori anahe te

reo matua i Aotearoa.

1816 Ko te kura tuatahi ar, ko te kura mihinare i Rangihoua. Ko te reo Mori te

reo o te kura.

1840 Ko te hainatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi.

1847 Puta mai te ture hou Education Ordinance.8

1850 Tmatahia te ngarongaro haere o te Reo Mori. Kei ng whi Mori noa iho

ka rongo ki te reo Mori.

1867 Puta mai te ture Native Schools Act. Kua huri ng kura Mori ki te reo

Pkeh reo anahe i te kura.

1920 Puta mai te krero a T Apirana Ngata kia whakanui kia krero te reo Mori i

ng kinga, i ng hpori me te whakahau nki te reo Pkeh ki a Ngi Mori

i roto i ng kura.

1900 Ko te krero i puta i te tari tatauranga e wh tekau m rua mano o ng tngata

Mori i Aotearoa. He matatau te nuinga te krero i te reo Mori.

1936 I piki te tatauranga ki te iwa tekau m wh o ng tngata e mhio ana ki te

krero i te reo Mori.9

Ko tahi Mori i hnuku ki ng tone ko te nuinga o ng tngata Pkeh i

noho ki reira. Heoi an i huri rtou ki te krero i te reo Pkeha

1940 E kaha nuku nuku ng Mori mai i o rtou paamu, i o rtou whenua ki ng

tone nunui.

1950 Tmatahia te mahi whakawwhi o te kwanatanga i ng Mari ki ww ki

ww. Ko te mahi pepper-potting10

. I taua w, ko te hiahia o tahi Mori

te krero i te reo Pkeh. Ko a rtou tamariki i tipu i te reo Pkeh.

1953 E rima tekau m rima rau o ng tamariki e matatau ana ki te krero i te reo

Mori. E rua tekau m wha rau e ahei ana ki te whakarongo me te hua

mrama ki te reo.

8 The Education Ordinance of 1847 first provided for Government funding of mission schools. 9 Statistics New Zealand. (1992). P15. 10 Increasing Mori migration to cities after the Second World War eventually convinced the government to

admit Mori into mainstream state housing in 1948 through a scheme administered by State Advances and the

Department of Mori Affairs. At first Mori families were pepper-potted into Pakeha neighbourhoods to

encourage their assimilation into Pakeha society. However, as more Mori were accommodated in state housing

partly due to their lower than average income levels areas of concentration began to develop, such as in

Porirua and South Auckland. Although this created 'ghettos' of Mori deprivation, it also facilitated the forging of

a new Mori urban culture and identity. (Elsdon 1959)

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga 33

Ko te nuinga o ng mtua puta noa i Aotearoa i whakaae kia krero i te reo

Pkeh i mua i a rtou tamariki.

1961 Puta mai te ripoata Hunn(1980) i mea nei ko te reo Mori he reo mai te ao

kohatu.

1970 Tmatahia ng mahi porothi tino rangatiratanga ki te kwanatanga kia aro ki

ng htaka reo Mori hei whakaora ai te reo Mori.

Ko te tatauranga i taua w rua tekau m wh rau o Ngi Mori i mrama ki

te reo Mori, i krero i te reo Mori. Ko te kotahi rau toru tekau mano ono

rau tekau m toru r. Ko te rima rau ono tekau m rima mano toru rau rua

tekau m iwa tngata te katoa.

1972 I te tekau m wh o Hepetema i puta mai te pitihana11

ki te kwanatanga mai

i ng roopu Ng Tamatoa me te roopu Mori Language Society. Ko te

hiahia kia whakahaere akoranga Mori i ng kura katoa i Aotearoa.

I whakahuaina ko taua r ko te r o Aotearoa (New Zealand Day)

1978 I tmata te kura reo rua tuatahi ki Ruatoki.

Puta mai te rpoata a Richard Benton he tatauranga i te tau kotahi mano iwa

rau whit tekau m toru ki te tau kotahi mano waru rau whit tekau m waru,

, e mate haere ana te reo Mori i rauna i Aotearoa katoa.

1979 Puta mai te kaupapa o Te taarangi he kura rumaki reo m ng pakeke. He

kaupapa hei whina atu ki te mahi whakaora ai i te reo Mori an.

1981 Te putanga mai o te Te Wnanga o Raukawa ki Otaki.

1982 Putanga mai o te Khanga Reo he kura rumaki reo m ng tamariki.

1985 Puta mai te Kura Kaupapa Mori tuatahi ki Hoani Waititi Marae.

1987 Puta mai te ture Mori Language me te putanga mai ko te reo Mori te reo

tturu o Aotearoa nei. T ake nki Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Mori me te

putanga mai o te Rnanga o te Kohanga Reo-a-motu.

1993 Puta mai Te Mangai Paho me te putanga mai o ng reo irirangi Mori rua

tekau m tahi.

1999 Puta mai o te Repoata o Te Taraipunara o Waitanga (Wai 718). The

Wananga Capital Establishment Report

2002 Puta mai a M Te Reo hei tautoko a moni ki ng kura reo i ng hpori.

2004 Timatahia te Pouaka Whakaata Mori.

11 petition

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga 34

2006 E waru tekau m wh rau o a Ngi Mori i hnuku i o rtou kinga i

taiwhenua ki te tone.

He whakararangi r o ng mahi o te kwanatanga o te r, ar ko te whakauru i a

rtou whakahaerehanga, i rtou tikanga i a Ngi Mori. Ahakoa aua krero kua

kite ttou ko te hua a Ngi Mori me rtou aroha nui ki te reo Mori me na

tikanga. I te mutunga iho, i whawhai tonu a Mori m tna ao k ahakoa he iti te

hua o te whawhai kia whai oranga an te iwi Mori i aua itinga, , a wai r, a wai

r, ko te tumanako ka piki ake aua itinga kia rarahi.

Ko T Te Reo Me na Tikanga Rangahautanga

Ko te hua o te mahi rangahau m te reo Mori me na tikanga e noho ana i raro i

ng huatanga kaupapa Mori, ar, e tautoko ana tnei hua i te mahi hiranga o te reo

Mori me na tikanga, a, ka whai take, ka whai mana i raro i te kaupapa Mtauranga

Mori. E whakapono ana ahau; in horekau te reo me na tikanga horekau he iwi, he

tangata noa iho e amio haere ana i te ao nei.

Ko tahi mahi tukanga ko te whakawhanaungatanga, ko te mahi hono atu ki tahi

an tngata me te whakamau tonu r hononga ki r hoa kua hono k. Ko te mahi

whakatau i te wairua, ko te mahi manaaki me te mea nki kia rongo i te reo o r e

mtau ana ki te reo. Ko te tumanako he mahi hei whakanui, hei whakamana i te

tangata. Kaupapa Mori is centred in Mori reality and upholds the mana and

integrity of the participants, where the concerns and needs of Mori are the focus.

(Cram, 2009; Pihama, Cram & Walker, 2002; Pipi, , 2004; L. T. Smith, 1999).

Ko te tino hiahia kia whakarite tnei mahi rangahau kia aro ki ng hiahia me ng

wawata o ng tngata kei a rtou ng krero rangahau, ko te tumanako ka mahi te

kairangahau i nei mahi i raro i te tika, me te pono kia kore e takahi i te mana o ng

tngata n rtou ng krero.

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga 35

Ko te mahi rangahau i raro i te kaupapa Mori e whai ana i nei Matpono:

1. Aroha ki te tangata (have a respect for people)

2. Kanohi kitea (present yourself to people face-to-face)

3. Titiro, whakarongokrero (look, listenspeak)

4. Manaaki i te tangata (share and host people, be generous)

5. Kia tupato (be cautious)

6. Kaua e takahia te mana o te tangata (do not trample on the mana of people)

7. Kaua e mahaki (do not flaunt your knowledge) (Smith Tuhiwai 1999: 120)

Ko te krero a Linda Smith (1996): In this sense Kaupapa Mori is described as

both a theory and an analysis of the context of research involving Mori, with the

approaches to research expressed as being by Mori and/or for Mori. (L. T.

Smith, 1996).

Ko Te Whakaora I Te Reo

I tata mate atu te reo Mori me na tikanga a muri atu i ng pkanga a Ngi Mori, i

te pakanga nui o te ao nki, wai r, wai r, ka puta wangawanga mai ng

whakaaro o tahi o ng tngata whai mtauranga i ng Whare Wnanga.

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau whit tekau m iwa i puta mai ttahi mahi rangahau, i

ttahi rpoata a Ahorangi Richard Benton, , ki a ia tata mate atu te reo Mori;

torutoru noa ng Mori e krero ana i t rtou reo. He wero kei roto i taua krero.

Ko Te Heikoko Mataira rtou ko Tuki Nepe, ko Pita Sharples, ko Graham rua ko

Linda Smith, ko Cathy Dewes, ko Rhera Shortland, ko Pem Bird, ko Tony Waho

r i rongo i te khukihukitanga m te hua o te reo i taua w.

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau whit tekau m iwa, i puta tuatahi mai te kaupapa o Te

taarangi. He kura rumaki reo te hua o ng akoranga m ng pakeke i mahi i raro i

ng tikanga a kuia m, a koro m. He whai ture te hua o nei kura. Ko te tokomaha

o ng tngata kua uru atu ki ttahi kura taarangi i whakapono ki nei ture e rima ki

roto i a rtou akoranga me a rtou mahi katoa i roto i o rtou ao.

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga 36

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau waru tekau m rua, i puta mai te kaupapa o Te Kohanga

Reo. He kura reo rumaki m ng tamariki mokopuna kia ora tonu ai te reo hei

whakaora ai i te reo Mori anahe. He kaha n ng kaumatua me ng kuia te

whakahaere i nei kura. Puta mai te tohu whakapakari hei whina atu i te whnau ki

te whakarite ng mahi whakaako--motu.

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau m rima, e toru tau i muri atu i te tmatanga o Te

Kohanga Reo, i puta tuatahi mai ko te Kura Kaupapa Mori. E ahei ana ng

mokopuna ki te whi an i ttahi huarahi ki te reo a muri atu i Te Kohanga Reo. I

muri atu i tnei i puta mai ttahi kura m ng kaiako Mori, , kia ahei rtou ki te

whakahaere Kura Kaupapa Mori. Ko te huarahi Mori tr i raro i te Kura Takiura

o Tamaki.

Whai muri atu i nei kura i puta mai Te Wharekura me ng Whare Wnanga Mori

hei whai oranga an te reo Mori i ng thuhu mtauranga i Aotearoa. He kaupapa

an hei whakaaro ai i te reo Mori me na tikanga.

Ko Te Pouaka Whakaata Mori

I te ruamano m wha i puta ki te wheiao ki te ao marama ko te teihana Pouaka

Whakaata Mori ki ng kinga m te w tuatahi. I te ata o te Rtapu te rua tekau m

waru o Pepuere tmata ai te whakahua o ng kupu Mori i ng pouaka whakaata i

Aotearoa nei. He toru tekau neke atu o ng tau i tono atu tahi Mori ki te

Kwantanga m a rtou tautoko--moni atu i tnei kaupapa engari an he whawhai

nui, he porothi nui, he muhumuhu nui i puta. Heoi an, ahakoa te putanga mai o

aua huatanga kua ttuki pai; ko te reo Mori tr i toa. Television it might be, but

this is about Mori Language rivitalisation and cultural identification. The box just

happens to be the medium. (Winitana 2011)

I te tau kotahi mano m whit, ko te tatauranga i taua tau, ko te iwa rau rua tekau

mano tngata i mtakitaki ai i te Pouaka Whakaata Mori ahakoa Mori mai, ahakoa

Pkeh, e tipu tonu ana taua nama ia tau. Ko te raru ko te reo tra kei raro e ptu ana

n te aha i pr ai? N te iti o ng htaka krero Mori e whakahaere ana e ng

Ko Te Reo Mori Me na Tikanga 37

kaiwhakahaere o te Pouaka Whakaata Mori n ng ture i hngaia e te Kwantanga

te take

I te tau ruamano m whit tonu i te marama o Hurae i whakamrama te kai

whakahaere matua a Jim Mather, ki na kaimahi, ki ng kai mtakitaki ka puarehia e

ia ttahi an teihana kei reira tukuna e rtou ko te nuinga o ng htaka reo rumaki.

Ka puta ng htaka ia r m ng hora e toru mai i te waru karaka o te ahiahi p tae

atu ki te tekau m tahi karaka o te ahiahi p. He iwa tekau m rima rau te nui o te

reo kei taua teihana hou.

He Krero Whakamutunga

Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Mori. T Hemi Henare (1985)

Ko tnei ttahi o ng kaupapa krero kua whakakkingia ng whakaaro e te tangata

mtanga Mtauranga. I te mea, e mhio ana rtou in horekau he reo hei te mutunga

ka mate atu te iwi. Engari kua kite atu ttou he tikanga kia noho tonu te reo me na

tikanga kia kore e mate noa, i te mea, he maha nki ng mahi rangahau ka puta mai i

ng kairangahau e p ana ki tnei kaupapa. E tika ana te krero he kaupapa Mori,

he Mtauranga Mori te reo me na tikanga; horekau he reo me na tikanga horekau

he kaupapa Mori. Heoi an, ko te reo me na tikanga e rahi ana i r o ng mea

matua, o ng hiranga m te orangatonutanga o te iwi Mori.

He Pnga Ki Te Mtauranga Mori 38

Ko Te Whanga Tuawh

He Pnga ki te Mtauranga Mori

He Tapu

He mahi nanakia t te Kwanatanga o te r e p ana ki a Ngi Mori. I te tmatanga

ko te hiahia a Pkeh m ki te whakanoho i a Ngi Mori hei Pkeh engari an, ia

tau ka puta mai ttahi hua taupatupatu, ttahi hua whawhai, pakanga i waenganui i

a Mori ki te Kwanatanga. Mai te tmatanga tae noa ki nei r kua mhio ktia e te

Pkeh he aha a rtou mahi whakah ki a Ngi Mori engari arokau tonu rtou ki a

rtou ake hiahia. Ko te hurihanga nki o ng Kwanatanga kua whakararu ai i te iwi

Mori engari an arokau tonu rtou ki a rtou hiahia. He pai te whakaaro kia

hanganga hou ng mahi m ng kaupapa mtauranga engari e tika ana kia mahi

ngtahi ki te taha o Ngi Mori kia kite atu rtou te pikitia nui o te ao Mori me te

mea nki he whina nui tr ki a rtou.

Ko Ng Tohu Matua

I te tau kotahi mano waru rau wh tekau m whit i puta mai te Education

Ordinance. Ko tr ttahi hua n te kaunihera--rohe i puta mai. Ko te tikanga o

tnei ture i taua w ko te whina--moni atu mai i te Kwanatanga o te r ki ng kura

mihinare.

I te tau kotahi mano waru rau ono tekau m whit i puta mai te ture Native Schools

Act. I puta mai tnei ture hei hurihia te titiro mai i ng pakanga whenua o aua w,

me te mea nki, n te Kwantanga te moni whakahaere i hoatu ki r o ng kura. I te

He Pnga Ki Te Mtauranga Mori 39

tmatanga ko te tikanga kia whakahaere nei kura i te reo Mori engari i tinihia kia

whakaako i te reo Pkeh.

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau whit tekau m whit i puta mai i te Kwanatanga te

Education Act.

ko te tino take o tnei ture, horekau he utu m ng tamariki ki te

haere ki te kura me te mea nki, he tikanga kia tae--tinana atu te tamaiti; tai

tamhine, tai tamatne; whit tau ki te tekau m toru tau, ki te kura.

I te tau kotahi mano waru rau wh tekau i tohaina tahi o ng rangatira Mori me ng

mngai karauna i te Tiriti o Waitangi. Ko te whanga tuarua tr e raru ana m te

Kwanatanga me te iwi Mori i te taha mtauranga, ar, ko te krero "O ratou

taonga katoa" (Treaty of Waitangi, 1840) te maha hoki o ng taupatupatu kua puta

mai i nei kupu i roto i te Kwantanga me ng kooti. Ko ng krero whakataunga o

te taraipunara o Waitangi; he tino kuru pounamu12

te reo hei tikanga Mori. I noho

te reo Mori i raro i te kupu taonga he tino taonga.

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau waru tekau m whit i puta mai te Mori Language

Act ko te tino putanga o tnei ture, , kia whakatau ai ko te reo Mori te reo tturu,

te reo taketake, te reo tuatahi i Aotearoa.

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau waru tekau m iwa i whakarerekngia anhia e te

Kwantanga te Education Act. Ko te tikanga o tnei ture kia whakauru te taha

Mori o ng poari i te kura me ng whakaaro o te Mori i roto i ng ttohinga kura,

, kia whakauru atu kia whngai te reo Mori me na tikanga ki ng tamariki o te

kura.

Ko Ng Tukunga Iho

I ahu mai ng mahi phitanga a Pkeh m ki a Ngi Mori i aua tohu, i aua putanga

whakaaro o rtou. Ko te whakatngia o r kura, tmatahia ai te mahi ktia te tamaiti

ki te krero i tna reo Mori i ng kura, , tmatahia te mimiti haere o te reo Mori.

12 treasured taonga

He Pnga Ki Te Mtauranga Mori 40

Ko te krero a Colleen Morehu: State provision and funding for native schools

required all instruction to be conducted through the medium of English. This

transformative process facilitated the shift from the Mori language as the dominant

language. (Morehu, C. 2009) I tmata ai te hurihanga o ng tikanga a Ngi Mori.

Ko te krero a Fishman ... without language, understanding of a culture is

diminished. (Fishman, J.A. 2001). Ko te kaupapa e huna ana i te mahi o te Pkeh

ko te mahi whakatau ai i t rtou reo me a rtou tikanga nki ki a Ngi Mori.

Ko te whakatngia o r kura, tmatahia te patupatu haere in krero Mori te tamaiti

i te kura, i te whra o waho nki o te kura. I neher, i noho a Ngi Mori i te ngkau

mhaki horekau rawa rtou i patu i a rtou tamariki. Ko te whakaaro o te whnau

whnui o aua w he tino taonga ng tamariki. Ko te krero a Makereti Papakura

(1986): The Mori never beat their children, but were always kind to them, and

seemed to strengthen the bonds of affection which remains among Mori throughout

life. (Papakura, M. 1986, p. 145). Ko te krero a Rose Pere (1991): In order to

develop and nurture the free spirit, Mori did not chastise or punish their children.

(Pere, R. 1991) Physical punishment and violence against children was introduced

by the missionaries. (Pere, 2008).

I te tau kotahi mano waru rau waru tekau ko John Thornton te tumuaki o te kreti o

Te Aute. Nna i whakaako ki a Apirana Ngata, a Te Rangihiroa, a Maui Pomare, a

Tutere Wirepa m, i te mutunga i puta pai mai nei i te Whare Wnanga o Aotearoa,

engari an ko te hiahia o te tari o te thuhu o te mtauranga ki te tono atu ki a John

Thornton kia tirohia anhia na mahi, , kia hurihia na mahi whakaako mtauranga

ki ng mahi ahuwhenua, ki ng tngata Mori. Horekau a John i whakaae ki tr, , i

whakarerekngia e te Kwanatanga ki ttahi an tangata, hurihia ng koranga

mtauranga ki ng koranga ahuwhenua. Koir te hiahia o te Kwanatanga kia huri

ng taitama tne Mori hei kaipamu, kia huri ng taitama whine te noho hei whine

m ng kaipmu. N, i ptai a Apirana Ngata e p ana ki nei mahi, he aha te take i

pr ai te hua o ng kura? I titiro pai te Kwanatanga ki nei o ng whakaaro o t

Apirana, ktahi ka whakaurungia e te Kwanatanga, i roto i te marautanga tahi o

ng tikanga Mori.

He Pnga Ki Te Mtauranga Mori 41

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau whit tekau m rima i puta ttahi porothi hkoi mai i te

Rerenga Wairua ki te Whanganui-a-tara. I ng tau ono tekau me ng tau whit tekau

i tmata te mahi porothi o tahi Mori. Puta mai tahi roopu e porothi ana ki ng

mahi ture--noho.

Ko te Rpoata Hunn

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau ono tekau ko te heamana tuarua a Jack Hunn o te

komihana m te ratonga hapori, ko ia nki te hekeretari tuarua m te tari take Mori.

I te Akuhata o taua tau i puta mai ko te rpoata Hunn e tirohia ana ng mahi i roto i

taua ratonga.

The report is at once a statement on the Mori situation at present, a manifesto for future action, and a

theoretical discussion on the inevitability and desirability of rapid racial integration, defined somewhat

mystically as a combination but not a fusion of Mori and Pkeh elements in one nation, with Mori

culture remaining distinct. (Biggs, B 1961)

I mua i te tau kotahi mano iwa rau rua tekau m ono ko te nuinga a Ngi Mori i

noho ki a rtou whenua. He tino taonga te whenua ki a rtou mai i taua w tae noa ki

tnei w ahakoa tr hiahia tonu a Mori te noho ki o rtou whenua engari an haere

mai ana ng whakarerektanga o te Kwanatanga o aua r. Ko ttahi o ng hiahia o

te Kwanatanga, kia hoatu te tke ki runga i a Ngi Mori koir ttahi o ng mahi

whakatau tikanga ki runga i a Ngi Mari.

Horekau a Mori he moni m te utu i ng tke heoi an i hnuku te nuinga o Mori

mai a rtou whenua ki ng tone hei whai mahi, hei whai moni hei utu a rtou tke

whenua. Koinei tahi o ng huatanga i puta i te rpoata a Hunn. Ko ttahi o ng

kaupapa matua ko te mahi Whakatonetanga13

Ko te nuinga o ng whnau Mori i

te Hokianga i hnuku atu ki Tamaki ki te whai mahi kia whai oranga an i te utu tke

m a rtou whenua. He kino r mahi a te Kwanatanga i te mea ko te nuinga o ng

whenua i riro atu ki te Kwanatanga n te kore utu te whnau i a rtou tke. N Jack

Hunn me na kai rangahau tnei mahi i whakarite.

13 Urbanisation - Today, 84% of Mori live in urban areas. Most are in the main metropolitan centres: a quarter

live in the region of Auckland, New Zealands largest city. Many continue to associate with their tribes back

home. However, in 2001, one in five Mori did not know their tribal affiliation, and many have come to regard

themselves as urban Mori

He Pnga Ki Te Mtauranga Mori 42

Ko te take i puta mai tnei whakaaro m te rpoata Hunn he tohu kua mutu te noho

wehe a ng mahi whakawhanake i a Ngi Mori. Ko te mahi Whakatonehia ko

ng mea i puta mai i taua rpoata Hunn hei te mutunga o taua hua o te

Whakatonehia ko te mea ka puta ko te mate atu o ng kura Mori. Ko te

tmatanga tr o ng kura auraki a kia hono atu ng tamariki Mori ki ng kura

auraki Pkeh. Puta mai te whakaaro i tnei rpoata kia kotahi ng akoranga a Ng

Mori me te Pkeh. Ahakoa tr kei roto i te rpoata he mahi m te Thuhu o te

Mtauranga Pkeh e whakauru tahi tikanga Mori. He itiiti noa iho ng tngata e

tiaki ana i ng ahi kaa o te haukainga, ko ng kaumatua kuia noa e noho ana ki te

kinga heoi an i te mutunga ka tmata te ngaro atu te reanga tiakina whenua.

Ahakoa i puta mai tnei hua nei ahakoa i ngana a Pkeh m ki te whakawwhi,

whakawehe ki te whnau Mori e ahei tonu ana rtou ki te ttaki ki ng whare

karakia kore e roa i whakat ratou i tn horo, i tn whi hui ai hei whakapiri an a

Ngi Mori. I tmata a Pkeh m ki whakatau ai a rtou kupu ki runga i te reo

Mori me na tikanga.

Ko te krero a Simon, a Smith (2001) ko te putanga tuatahi mai o te hua o te

punaha Mtauranga:

facilitate the Europeanising of Mori. The Native School thus was intended as a structured interface

between Mori culture and European culture a site where the two cultures would be brought into

organized collision, as it were with one culture being confronted with the other in a systematic way.

Pkeh teachers appointed to these schools were expected to engage with Mori in specific ways

designed to systematically undermine their culture and replace with that of Pkeh. (Simon & Smith 2001

p 3)

Ko Ng Rpoata Hanganga Hou

Kua roa a Aotearoa e hurihuri ana i ng huatanga katoa o te mtauranga ki roto i

ng kura katoa, ki ng tamariki katoa. Mai i tna tmatanga i ng tau toru tekau, tae

noa ki nei r kua pr te hua, , ko te hurihuri haere o ng huatanga katoa o te

Thuhu o te Mtauranga i ng kura.

I ng tau waru tekau i puta e toru o ng huatanga o te pnaha mtauranga i taua w.

Ko te krero tuatahi: There was frustration at the local level that the system was

He Pnga Ki Te Mtauranga Mori 43

too centralised, too slow to respond to the needs of children and communities, and

too constrneing. Freedom from these constraints was sought. (Nash, R. 1989) Ko

te krero tuarua: A number of influential stakeholders supported governments

view that teachers and schools were not sufficiently accountable for what they did,

and that the level of performance of many in the sector needed to be lifted. (Codd,

J.A. 1993) Ko te krero tuatoru: The limited and indirect involvement of parents

and communities was often confined to fundraising-type activities through parent-

teacher associations. (Langley, J. 2009)

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau waru tekau m whit i riro i te paati reipa te

Kwanatanga ko David Lange te Pirimia. Nna hoki te whanga mtauranga i

whakahaere. I whakat ia i ttahi tira hei tirohanga ki ng whakahaeretanga o te

Thuhu o te Mtauranga; ko Brian Picot te kai whakahaere matua o tr tira. Ko ng

krero whakataunga i puta mai he whinga hei whai m te Thuhu o te Mtauranga;

ko nei krero e whai ake nei. Ko te krero tuatahi: Creating governing councils

in each school with a majority of elected parents and giving these boards control

over budget, staffing and school policy. (Picot Report, 1988). Ko te krero tuarua:

Having each school develop a Charter which would be an agreement on its nature and purpose. These

Charter were required to contain provisions in conformity with centrally mandated priorities and were to

be approved by the Minister of Education and would be evaluated from time to time. (Picot Report,

1988)

Ko te krero mutunga: Giving parents the choice of school that their child would

attend. Eliminating most of the functions and staff of the Department of Education,

moving them either to schools or to autonomous quasi-governmental agencies.

(Picot Report, 1988).

Kohanga Reo, Kura Kaupapa Mori

Ko te nuinga o ng mahi hanganga hou mtauranga horekau rawa i aro ki ng hiahia

o Ngi Mori. Ko te nuinga o ng tamariki e raru ana i ng kura auraki katoa; he

Mori. Ahakoa I puta mai tahi huatanga tikanga a Mori kore enawhe hei whina

ki ng tamariki ki te whai tna tranga i roto i tr ao. I puta mai tahi painga m te

He Pnga Ki Te Mtauranga Mori 44

hpori me ng poari engari an horekau he whakaaro aha rnei m ng tamariki

Mori me ng whnau Mori e rapu ana i o rtou mtauranga.

I te tau kotahi mano iwa rau whit tekau m iwa i puta mai te mahi rangahau a

Richard Benton. Ko ng krero i puta mai:

...reported that the death of Mori language was imminent with less than 5% of Mori children able to

speak Mori. Being forced to face the reality that being Mori was to become extinct, like the moa. No

Mori language, n Mori tikanga, n Mori world view. (Benton, R. 1990)

I te putanga mai o taua krero a Benton i te au a Ngi Mori. He wero i puta mai

nei i taua krero heoi an e whai ake nei tahi o ng huatanga hei hpai ake i t te

reo Mori.

I rangona tahi o ng mtanga mtauranga Mori i taua autanga. I te tau kotahi

mano iwa rau waru tekau m tahi i whnau mai te kaupapa Kohanga Reo. He kura

rumaki reo tnei kura. He Mori katoa te hua o tnei kaupapa. I te tmatanga ko

ng kaumatua me ng kuia ng kaiako. Ka whai tnei kaupapa i ng tikanga Mori,

ko te reo Mori anahe e krero ana i te kura. Ko te mea nui he kaupapa hei tiaki i te

wa