[học anh văn cùng thầy] developing skills for the toefl ibt 481-520.pdf

8/9/2019 [Học anh văn cùng thầy] Developing Skills for the TOEFL iBT 481-520.pdf http://bsquochoai.ga

1/40

Strategies

. ' < o ' > , • , < · - · r ~ ; ; ' . : • ;

• .- ..

, , , . , 1-; _ ; _;

' '

.••

• After determining

the

framework of your essay, further consideration must

be

given

to

the

organization

within

the paragraphs themselves.

First

paragraph

contains

•

the main

idea of

the

whole

response

• one

key

point

•

examples

and/or

connection to the

reading

Supporting paragraphs contain

•

additional

key points

•

examples

and/or connection

to the

reading

•

When

developing your

points, make

sure

that the

statements are well connected

so

that

the

relationships between ideas can

be

seen clearly.

• Use transitional words and phrases to indicate the relationships among

ideas.

•

Use appropriate

expressions to indicate

when

citing

the source.

•

According to the lecture/passage

•

The reading

stated that

• In

the reading, the

author states that/discusses how

•

In the author s/professor;s

opinion

•

According

to

the

theory in

the reading/lecture

The

professor

made the

point that

• The lecture supports/illustrates

the

idea that

The

lecture

contradicts/refutes the

idea

that

similarly,

likewise,

also,

just

as,

both,

by

comparison, compared

to,

but,

yet,

although,

in

contrast, on

the

contrary, contrary to, on

the

other

hand, however, conversely,

is

the

opposite of, while,

whereas, nevertheless,

although,

meanwhile,

after all, although

this may

be

true,

in spite of,

despite

•

because, since, for,

thus,

therefore,

hence, as a

result,

accordingly, for

the same

reason

::____·_ __


2/40

olitical

Science

~ t e p

Read

the following passage. Then look at the note diagram and fill in the missing information

Fair elections depend

on

voting systems that best show which

candidate is favored among the public. For this

reason

many

people

have proposed

that

a

computerized voting

system

which

could be

completed over the Internet be implemented. There are

several

advantages

to using computerized voting systems rather than

traditional

voting

systems.

First

computerized

voting

systems are much safer than using

paper

ballots.·

At

every election

rnuch

care has to be taken

in

order to properly

handle

paper

ballots. Unfortunately

the current

system allows

many

opportunities

for

dishonesty. For example someone could easily add

extra ballots to an election when dealing with paper voting systems.

Basically computerized voting systems eliminate

most of

the chances

for human

errors

making voting safe

accurate; and

reliable.

Second the proposed system

is

much more affordable than the use

of paper ballots. The current

voting

system

requires

thousands of ballots

to

be printed

out on

paper. The sheer volume

of

ballots needed makes

this

a very expensive

task.

However a

computerized

voting

system does

not use

any

paper at

all.

Therefore

governments

do not

end

up spending

a fortune to produce

the

paper

ballots

which

translates

into huge savings.

Finally

computerized

voting

systems result in

fewer

lost

votes.

Obviously

lost

votes

pose a

big problem for

elections. Unfortunately

it

is very easy

for apaper ballot to get

lost during

the

craziness

of an election.

Additionally some votes have to be thrown

out

if

it is

not clear which

candidate the voter meant to specify. With computerized

voting

systems

however all ballots

are

registered

on an

electronic

database.

It

is

impossible

for

computerized voting

systems

to

lose

votes.

·

candidate:

a person competing for an

elected

position

propose:

to

suggest

ballot:

a

piece

of

paper on

which a

vote

is written

reliable:

able to be counted

on

sheer:

complete; absolute

specify:

to

show something clearly

register:

to put information on an

official record

database:

a large amount of

information stored

on a

computer system

Main idea: There are

three

advantages to

using

a

voting

system.

Key point 1: They make

elections

because

they eliminate the

pos-

sibility of human error.

Key point 2: They are much less than

paper ballot

systems.

Key point 3: They the

number of

lost votes in elections.

48

Chapter 3


3/40

~ t e p

I Now listen to a lecture related to the topic

in

Step 1. Fill

in

the blanks of the note

diagram

below. •Mf4 * . ·

·

Main

idea:

Computerized voting systems

have

a number

of

Key point 1: It is no safer than using paper ballots

because

it is

open

to attacks.

Key

point 2:

It is actually

more expensive to

buy the equipment

and

continue to operate

and

it.

Key point

3: It can

lose more votes than

paper

systems

in

the event

of a failure.

mishandle:

to deal with

badly or

ineffectively

partiality:

a bias or preference

implement:

to

put into effect

invest:

to

put money

into

expense:

money spent

on

something

maintain:

to keep something working

on-going:

continuous

traditional:

customary;

used

in

the

past

------··---

·

~ t e p

3

Retd

the

sample response

below.

Then

answer the

questions.

Finally

revise

the

sample

response.

· · ·

The

professor

disagrees

with

the passage

by saying

that

computerized

voting

systems

have

many

drawbacks.

First

the passage

says

that

computerized

voting systems

are safer than paper

ballots.

The

systems remove the possibility

of

human error

making

voting safe reliable and accurate.

Paper

ballots on the other hand can be

easily

lost or

mishandled.

The professor does

not

agree with this

point. According

to him

it

is

more

expensive

to use

computerized systems because the

equipment costs

more

to

purchase. The

system

also requires

continuous spending in order to maintain

and

operate it.

Finally

while the passage

says

that computerized voting systems reduce the

amount

of lost

votes

the

professor claims that they

actually

result

n more lost

votes. This

is

because a

mechanical

failure could lead to the loss of thousands of votes all at once.

The professor concludes that computerized

voting systems

are not better

than

paper-based

systems.

, . ~

-··

... ·--· .

_.

.........

··--- .............................

---

[

[

I

I

-

\

I

Making onnections

48

:·


4/40

Evaluate

the

sample response by answering the

following

guide questions

1 Does the introduction mention the main idea from both the reading passage and the

lecture?

D

Yes

D

No

2 Does

each

body

paragraph compare

the

key

points

of

the

reading and

the

lecture?

D

Yes

D No

3 Does the

conclusion

summarize the main

points of

both the reading

passage

and the lecture?

D Yes D

No

Revise

the

sample

response

by

correcting

the

problems

you

noted

in

Step

3

You

do NOT

need

to

paraphrase the sample response

- ~ · · · -

·


5/40

~ S t e p

4

Now write your own

response

to the reading passage

and

the lecture.

Then

answer the questions.

Remember to use what

you

have learned about paraphrasing Do

NOT

use the same wording

as

the

sample

response.

~ ~ ~

Usll your

own response to answer the

following guide

questions

4

1 •

Does

the introduction mention the

main idea

from both the reading passage

and

the lecture?

~

Yes

D

No

2. Does

each body

paragraph compare

the

key

points of the

reading and the lecture?

Yes

N o

.

3.

Does

the conclusion summarize the main

points

of

both

tnE:freadirig passage and the

lecture?

D Yes D No

(

[[

[[

Making

Connections

48

_____. .


6/40

Read the following passage Then

look at

the note diagram and fill in

the

missing

information

Forest rangers often use prescribed

burning to

avoid large, destructive

wildfires by starting smaller, controlled fires. Controlled fire, when applied

in

the right way

and

at the

right time,

prevents

uncontrolled

fires from

igniting

or

spreading.

Prescribed burning prevents wildfires from

starting

by

reducing the

amount of

fuel

available.

Over

time, leaves, branches, and dead trees

build

up

on the forest floor. During the summer months, such underbrush

can be extremely dry;

it

can ignite instantly at the drop of a match.

or

the

strike of

a

lightning bolt. Burning

away that underbrush in a

controlled

manner thus decreases the risk of naturally occurring fires.

Prescribed burning can also stop an existing wildfire

from

spreading.

The

more underbrush

it

has to

consume,

the faster it spreads.

f

it moves

into

an

area

where the underbrush has already been cleared, however,

it slows down. Thus, by burning high fuel areas, forest rangers

can

slow

the

spread of

fires.

Another advantage of prescribed burning is that

forest

rangers can

set the time and

place for

a

fire

to ensure that it

will

not get

out of control.

High winds,

for

example,

might

push a

fire beyond its intended limits,

endangering surrounding homes or

lands.

Controlling

when

and

where ·

a

fire is

started gives rangers the ability to start

small

fires when there

is

no wind and,

thus,

no

risk of

uncontrolled

spreading.

ranger:

an official who is

responsible

for protecting

a forest

or

park·

prescribed:

decided

by a rule or a

law

destructive:

causing damage

Ignite:

to begin to

burn

underbrush:

the smell

bushes that grow

on the floor of a forest

manner:

way

extinguish:

to make a fire stop

burning

intended:

in

the

way that something

was

meant

to

happen

Main

idea:

Prescribed

burning prevents uncontrolled fires from

l


7/40

~ t e p 2

n Now listen to a lecture related to the topic in Step

1.

Fill

in

the blanks

o

the note diagram

below

•@ &*'

· · · · ·

Main idea: A wildfire that started

in

the

Croatan National

Forest

is

a good example

of

can be beneficial.

Key

point 1: The

wildfire may never

have started if

in the

area.

Key point 2: Prescribed

burning

did stop the

by reducing the

fuel available.

Key point 3: The

prescribed

fires never posed

to

communities

because they were

controlled.

I

•step 3

Indispensable:

difficult to do something

without;

necessary

execute:

to do

something

that you

have p l ~ n n e to do

kindling:

small pieces of

wood

used

to

make a ire

outermost:

nearest

to

the outside of

something

surround:

to occupy

the

space all

around

something

pose:

to create or

present

humidity:

the

amount

of

waler in

the

air

- .

raging:

out

of control

Read the sample response below.

Then


Finally

revise the sample response.

The

reading and

lecture discuss how

prescribed burning

prevents wildfires from starting

and

spreading. The reading

discusses

the

benefits

of prescribed

burning.

The lecture also

discusses

prescribed

burning.

The

reading says

that prescribed

burning

prevents

wildfires.

The

professor also discusses this

idea.

But

the

professor

discusses Croatan

National Forest

too.

He

says

that the Croatan

fire

may

never

have started.

The

reading also

says that prescribed

burning

stops wildfires from spreading. The author

explains how

this is true.

It

does this

by

preventing fires from spreading. The professor illustrates

this. The

professor

says that this happened too in the forest.

So prescribed

burning is good.

The

reading then talks about kirest rangers. Forest rangers

also help

to prevent

wildfires. The

professor supports this by saying that

rangers

started fires

in Croatan National

Forest but they

were

safe.

I I

agree with

the information

in

the

reading and

the

lecture.

I

think that prescribed burning

is

a

l

good

thing.

Therefore forest rangers

should use

prescribed

burning.

~ · · · · · ~ ~

..

· ~ · ~ · ' ' •·--····- ··-·-·-··-- ... · ,. ·- ·-·- · ·· · -·· ....... .

__.

···- '

1

Milking

Connections 485

•

.

'L-- .


8/40

Evaluate

the

sample

response by

answering

the follow

ng

guide

questions

1 Does

the introduction

clearly explain both

the

author s and

the speaker s

points of view?

Yes

D

No

2 Does the response clearly explain the information presented

in

the reading

and

the lecture?

Yes N o

3

Does

the conclusion

leave

out

all

unnecessary information

or personal

opinion?

D Yes D

No

Revise

the

sample

response

by correcting

the

problems you

noted

in Step

3

You

do NOT

need

to


.·-


9/40

-

~ t e p 4

Now write your own response to the reading passage and the

lecture

Then answer the questions

Remember

to use what you have learned about paraphrasing. Do

NOT

use the same wording

as

the sample response.

Use

your own

response to answer the

following guide

questions.

1.

,Does

the

introduction

clearly explain

both the

author's

and the speaker's points

of view?

'0

Yes

D

No

2 Does the response

clearly

explain

the

information presented in

the

reading and

the lecture?

D Yes D No

3. Does

the conclusion leave out all unnecessary information or personal opinion?

D Yes D No

[

[

l

I

I

Making Connections 87 _


10/40

Business

~ t e p

Read the following passage.

Then

look at the note diagram

and

fill in the missing information.

To the

middle-aged employee who works a demanding job early

retirement

might

seem

very appealing. Most

people

who do retire early

however find

the experience to be

less

than

satisfying

for several

reasons.

Employees who

opt for

early retirement

often

face financial

problems.

More

often

than

not

retirement comes

with

a significant

loss

of income.

It

means that

the

retiree is no longer paid

each

week and

can

no

longer

generate more income to save. For most people generating enough

savings

to support

themselves

for

another

thirty

or

even

forty

years

is

not

possible.

Early retirees often

find themselves

in

debt

or

face

a lower

standard of

living.

People who retire

early

often struggle with psychological problems.

Many people identify themselves with the

jobs they

perform and the

amount of

money

they

earn. Their

values

are often the values of the

company they work

for.

Therefore it is

not

uncommon

for

early

retirees

· to feel useless

powerless

or

depressed.

Without

the

work that has

brought

meaning

to

them for

so

many years

they

feel as if their lives lack

purpose.

Finally early retirees

often face

social problems.

They

find it difficult

to

maintain

friendships they developed at the office.

No

longer employees

of

acompany they have

trouble

relating to

their previous

coworkers and

often

find

themselves

excluded

from

company

social events. Thus

by

retiring

early they lose

their

social

networks.

demand:

to require a lot

of

ffort and

hard

work

appealing:

attractive or Interesting

opt:

to

choose

invest

to

spend money

on

something

that

can make

you

more money

savings

money

you

have saved to

use later

psychological:

relating to the health of the

mind

maintain

to

keep something going

exclude:

to fail to include son1ething

or

someone

L- - - - - - - - - - - ------·---·-····-----·-·-····----·--·--·-··-----·-·--··-·--·-----·-······--· --

Main idea: Most people who

retire early

find

the

experience to be

Key

point i : People who

retire

early often

face

because

they no longer get regular paychecks.

Key

point 2: People who

retire

early

also

struggle with

because

they

feel their lives lack purpose.

Key point 3: Early retirees often face and

feel

excluded

from events at the company.

88

Chapter 3

. - - - - - - ; - - - - = - - - - - , - - - -.

:

- : - . , - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

. - - 7 - - - - - : - - -

. . . - , - - - - c - ; - -_ - - - , - - ,> ; : - - - , - - , - , - ---,---,- ,..,,------- -,.--:--,-.-:------------

_

·


11/40

~ t e p

n

Now

listen

to

lecture

related to

the

topic in Step

1.

Fill

in the

blanks

of the note diagram

, · below. •tmi4

Main idea:

Early retirement canbe

burden:

a erson

ever makes.

Key point

1:

Many retirees live very

agreeable

lifestyles

in

terms

of

Key

point 2: Early retirement can be avery

for

people

because

they

can enjoy

hobbies.

Key point

3:

With regards to one s

social

life,

early

retirement is

a

because

it allows

one

to meet new people.

. ;

something difficult that

you

are

forced

to deal with

overcome

to

successfully deal with a

problem

agreeable:

pleasant

sustain:

to keep

something

going

hindrance:

something that keeps

you

from doing something else;

an obstacle

casual:

relaxed·

and without

strong

feelings

diverse:

very different

from

one

another

network:

group

of similar

things

that

are

somehow

linked

together

~ t e p

3

Read

the sample

response below. The n answer the questions. Finally, revise the sample r e s p o n ~ e · .

I

B o t ~ t h ~ r e a d i n g and l e c t u r ~ ~ ; b o u t · : : ; ~ r e ; ~ ~ m : ~ ~ · ; ~ ~ r e a ~ ; ~ ~ ; ~ ; l ~ = ~ ~ : : ~ · : ~ : ; ; ; : ~ ~ : ~ ~ 1

is a

negative experience, while the lecture discusses why

it is a

positive

one.

The reading says

that

early retirees face financial

problems,

such as debt and a

lower

standard

of

living. This is because

they cannot

save enough

money to support

themselves

in

retirement.

Thus,

they

often find

themselves wishing

that

they had

not

retired.

The reading also says

that

early retirement can bring about psychological problems. People

who

retire early

often

feel

useless

and depressed because they no longer

worl


12/40

Evaluate

the

sample response by answering

the

following

guide

questions

1 Does the introduction mention the

main idea

from both the reading passage and the lecture

Yes

No

2 Does the response contain a proper balance of ideas

from

the

reading

and the

lecture

Yes

No

3 Does the

conclusion

summarize the main points of both the reading passage and the lecture

Yes No

Revise

the

sample

response

by

correcting

the

problems

you noted

in Step

3 You

do NOT need

to

paraphrase

the

sample response

490 Chapter


13/40

I

'·

··

Now write

your own

response

to the reading passage and the lecture Then answer

the

questions

·

Remember to use wh t you have

learned

about paraphrasing Do NOT use the same wording

s

the

sample

response

U s ~ y o u r

own response

to answer

the

following guide

questions

1 Does the introduction

mention

the

main

idea from both the

reading

passage and the lecture?

~

Yes

D

No

2

Does

the response contain a proper balance

of

ideas

from

the reading and the lecture?

D

Yes

D No

3

Does

the

conclusion summarize

the mairi points f both the reading passage

and

the lecture?

D

Yes

D No

'

.

n

lvloking Connections 491

~ ~


14/40

law

~ S t e p

Read the

following passage Then

look at the note diagram

and

fill in the missing information

Police departments

in

many states have set up

speed

cameras

at street

intersections to

catch drivers exceeding the speed limit. The

cameras measure the speed of a vehicle

over

a short distance and

photograph its license plate,

so

that the owner can be identified

and

ticketed. Despite some

public objection,

there are many benefits to

setting

up speed

cameras

on

city

streets.

First, speed

cameras

reduce the

number of

road

accidents by

penalizing

drivers who

speed. Speeding

causes

accidents

because

it

limits the amount of time a driver has to react to changing

road

conditions and the

actions of

other

drivers.

Excessive speed also makes

it harder to keep

a

car under

control.

By

catching

and penalizing drivers

who speed, speed cameras

deter

drivers from

driving dangerously.

Second, speed cameras reduce the number of deaths

on

the

road.

Speed is.not the only factor

in

causing accidents,

but

it is

a

critical factor

in

how

severe the

accidents

are. Many

countries that

have

introduced

speed cameras

have

seen the number

of road deaths

drop.

France,

for

example,

reduced road deaths by

ten

percent in just

one

year with

only

100

speed

cameras.

Third, speed

cameras

allow police officers to focus on more important

tasks

than

monitoring

traffic. The

money

they

bring into the

government

through fines also provides additional financial

support for

police work.

L·------·--------·--·-·-·-------------·-------·- · · · · ~ · · -

Main

idea: There are

many benefits

of

Key

point

1: Speed cameras

by

penalizing

speeding

drivers.

Key

point

2:

Speed

cameras also redu e -

because they make accidents less

severe.

Key

point

3:

Speed

cameras allow police officers

to


15/40

I

~ t e p

Now listen to a lecture

related

to the topic in

Step 1.

Fill in the blanks of the note diagram

below. •@tJ§i

Main idea: Traffic cameras are

not

_________ as

many believe.

Key point

1: Speed

cameras do not_________

_________ raffic accidents since speed

does not

always cause

accidents.

Key point 2:

Speed cameras

also

do not_______

because speeding only makes a difference on

suburban

roads.

Key point 3: Speed

cameras

_________ which is not a good thing.

]

~ s t p

3

rarely:

not often

inadequate:

not good enough

induce:

to cause something

t

happen

tackle:

to try to solve

a

problem

suburban:

relating to

a

residential area

on the outskirts of acity

pOsitlon:

to put something in a

particular place

detect:

to

notice or find something

abide:

to follow a rule

Read the sample response below. Then answer the questions.

Finally

revise

the

sample response.

The reading and lecture talk about speed cameras that

are

set up to catch and punish drivers

who speed. While

the

reading says that speed cameras

are

valuable,

the professor argues that ·

they are

not

beneficial.

The reading

says

that speed cameras reduce the number of road accidents by

deterring

people

from

driving

dangerously.

The professor argues

that

speed cameras, in fact,

do

not reduce the number

of

road

accidents because there

are many more

factors that

cause such

accidents other

than

speeding drivers. The same

has often

been said of

red

light cameras, which

perform a

similar service.

The

reading also

claims

that

speed cameras reduce the number

of

road deaths since speeding

can lead

to

more

serious accidents.

The professor argues

that

speed

cameras actually do not

reduce the number of road deaths because they are set up on roads where high speed limits

cause

deadly

accidents,

anyway.

Additionally,

the

reading says that speed cameras give police officers

the time

and

money to

z

z

Cl

'

z

Cl

focus

on

more

important

jobs. The

professor

argues

that removing police officers from

traffic

duty

prevents them from

catching

drivers

who

drive

dangerously in

ways other

than

speeding.

Thus,

the

author s opinion

is

that

speed

cameras

are

good,

while

the

speaker

says

that

the

I

benefits

are exaggerated. There

are

no speed

cameras in my city, so I cannot

offer

my own view

1

on

the topic. I

·-·-·---·····---· ..................

· ·

..

·

. - - - - - - - · - · ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' · - ~

Making Connections 49 --1


16/40

Evaluate the sample

response

by answering the

following

guide questions

1

Does the

introduction

clearly explain the

author s point of view?

Does

it

explain the speaker s?

0

Yes

0

No

2

Does the response include information that is not related to

the

topic?

Yes

N o

3

Does the

conclusion include

any

unnecessary

information

or

personal

opinion?

0 Yes 0

No

Revise

the

sample response by correcting the problems you noted in Step 3 You do NOT need

to


--------------------------------------------------------------------------

494 Chapter

· · · ~

I


17/40

Now write your own response to the reading passage

and

the lecture.

Then


Remember

to use what you have learned about paraphrasing. Do NOT use the

same

wording

·

as

the sample response.

Use yg.ur

own response

t

answer the following guide questions.

1. ~ e s the introduction clearly explain the author s point

of view? Does

it explain the

speaker s?

[ jYes

D

No

2. Does

the

response

include

information

that is not

related to the

topic?

D Yes D No

3. Does the conclusion include any unnecessary

information

or personal opinion?

D Yes D No

l

f'

;

•

J

I

[

i;

I

I

Making Connections

95

.;·

- ------ --'--'------ -

· ·L••» . • . •


18/40

Instructions: Choose the best

word

or phrase

to complete each sentence.

1. Living in a

busy can

be very

exciting

because there is always something

to do.

A) substance

(B) metropolis

C)

landfill

(0)

proponent

2.

Some

people

believe

that it

is

better

to

use

natural to cure

illnesses.

· A) remedies

(B)

sources

C)

byproducts

(0) crops

3. The

school wanted

to

raise

money to build

a new sports _____

A) region

(B)

demand

C) facility

(0) emission

4. Scientists

hope to

create a car

·----by

he

sun.

(A) impaired

(B) assigned

C) derived

(0)

powered

5. Plastic should be recycled rather than

thrown

away

because it is not easily

A) biodegradable

(B) hampered

C)

engaged

(0) detailed

;---

496 Vocabulary

ileviev r

6 The teacher a

project

that

would amount to a big part of our grade ..

A)

consumed

(B) assigned

C) escalated

(0)

accumulated

7

The lion is one of

the

most

dangerous

_____

n

the world.

A) predators

(B) pests

C)

peers

(0)

polluters

8. Her parents

warned that

being

_____ with

the

wrong

people

could

get her into

trouble.

(A)

associated

(B)

sustained

C) inscribed

(0)

pursued

Instructions: Choose the word closest in

meaning

to the underlined word.

9. Franklin had to change his clothes quickb

because he

was late for practice.

A)

rapidly

(B)

distinctly

C) extensively

(0)

properly

1O

Every

Sunday,

her father

cooked a

huge

amount

of

food for the entire family.

(A) massive

(B) disposable

C)

intensive

(0) scant


19/40

11 Most

medicine

needs to

be swallowed in

order for

it

to get into

the

body.

A)

ingested

B)

replaced

(C) translated

(0)

stunted

12

Ever since she was young, she has

had a

wish to become

a

truck

driver.

A)

desire

(B)

hazard

(C) existence

(0)

demand

13 Before

email,

people used the telegraph to

send important messages.

A) combat

(B) transmit

Q) impair

0) engage

14

Boats

that do

not

have

motors

use

the

wind to lllifill

them

forward in

the

water.

A) pursue

(B) propel

(C) escalate

(0) derive

15 Eating too much

fat

and sugar

can have

a

damaging effect on your

health.

A) detrimental

B) intensive

(C) inconclusive

(0) stimulating

Instructions:

Write

the missing words. Use the

words

below to fill in

the

blanks.

ancient archaeologists translated

inscribed precious

In the 19th

century,

people

were very

interested

in finding out more about 16 _____

Egypt. 17 went

to Egypt to

find

the

18 and

beautiful

items that were buried with

the

bodies of old

kings. They also found stone tablets that were

19

with writing that they did

not understand.

Now,

much of this writing has

been

20

.

It gives important

information about how people

in

Egypt

then

lived and

what they believed.

Instructions:

Match

the words that are

opposites.

21 overcrowded

22

praise

23

plump

24

cruel

25 affordable

(A) thin

(B)

kind

(C) empty

(D) expensive

(E) criticize

I

r·,

l

·

I

g

n

'

ffi

I

Vocabulary Review 497 ·

· - - - - ~ - - - - -


20/40

Instructions: Choose the

best

word

or

phrase

to

complete

each sentence.

1

Out

of all the cars in

the

lot,

he

or

the

red

station wagon.

A)

posed

(B) maintained

C)

opted

D)

deterred

2

Since Jimmy liked history,

he

found movies

about

other

time periods

very

(A) appealing

(B) psychological

C)

inadequate

D) prescribed

3 He felt confident

about

his project because

he had

done

research in the

library.

A) extensive

(B) equitable

C) agreeable

D) affordable

4 After babysitting

several

children all day,

Deena had

a headache.

A)

raging

(B)

prescribed

C)

demanding

D) ancient

5. Many

people have

to

serious issues before they are successful.

A)

overcome

(B)

sustain

C)

pose

D)

induce

498 Vocabulary Review

6

Last

night s storm was very

the roofs on two houses

were

blown away.

(A) destructive

(B) excluded

(C} inadequate

D) intended

7

It is

to study

your

notes

the

night before a big exam.

A)

critical

(B)

affordable

C)

equitable

D)

psychological

8

The

practice

required to

play an

instrument

can be very

(A) deterred

(B) demanding

C) posed

D)

excluded

Instructions:

Choose the word closest in meaning

to the underlined word

or

phrase.

9. The

student

was punished for cheating

Eiuring a math test.

A)

excluded

(B) penalized

C)

limited

D) exceeded

· o After walking into the

old house,

the man·

noticed a strange smell.

A)

detected

(B) posed

C) executed

D) deterred


21/40

, - .. __

_

.

11 Everyone

in

our

class likes

Kline

because

he is

always

so

nicR

A)

agreeable

B) diverse

C) intended

D)

maintained

12 They

had

to call

the fire department

to

Qill

out

the fire before it

spread.

A) sustain

B) extinguish

C)

execute

D)

induce

13

After the crash both of the

cars

involved

were

completely destroyed.

A) accident

B)

savings

ff)

hindrance

6)

objection

14

A

sharp knife

is

a

necessary

tool

to

have

in

the kitchen.

A)

indispensible

B) prescribed

C) equitable

D)

casual

15. His sister tried to discourage him from

spending

all of his

money

on

video games.

A)

deter

B)

limit

C) induce

D)

maintain

Instructions: Write

the

missing words. Use the

words below to fill in the blanks.

rarely casual invest

tackle

maintain

Inventing

the

newest item that

everyone

rushes

out to

buy

is a

popular

dream. Some p ~ o p l

have a 16 approach to

inventing. They

draw examples

of how their

creation would

17

common

problems

and

~ w it would look

in

their spare

time. Other people

are more extreme.

They

18 money to

buy the

things

they

need to

build their

inventions.

People

19 succeed

at

becoming

rich

from

their

inventions. However

all

inventors should

20

their

excitement about creating something

the

world

has never seen but

desperately

needs.

Instructions: Choose one

word

in

each

group

that does

not belong.

21

ignite

burn

dim light

22

equitable

fair

equal

challenge

23.

hindrance

ability

obstacle problem

24.

diverse

different

varied change

25.

exceed

surpass

fail excel

I

r

[

I

: I

i

,,

. I

Vocabi1lary Review

499 _;. ;

,._-_)_


22/40


23/40


24/40


25/40

Necessary

Skills

l l J I P l l : : . R : i n : H t i > & ~ m l " . . . . t > : m . - r . ' J ~ l l l l W I - l ' . l l r < - V . ' : l . l U l t . , _ l h X . Y J % " · · ' 1 1 1 r c r i C J c , \ / , , , r , u ~ _ - > . • . c - - :

, ; .,-.

- -.

•

Describing

a personal experience

•

Expressing an

opinion on

an issue and

supporting it with concrete examples

and

details

• Organizing ideas in an effective way

Read

the prompt

and understand the

task

~

Brainstorm

Organize the ideas

------······ ..... _ _ .J

·· . ' · '' .. . _ ·:.

'· ''1:


26/40

Opinion

. W . f ~ " l : \ : l . > ; ; l . : ) - ' A W > ' > l % W . . < " . C < ' i ' A f , ; c l ' < < c ~ l l l ' . ' < ~ - V . r n : . t : • ~ < ' ~ P . ; , . ~ - - ' - ~ · : : c

. " ' < : ~ · - · · ' · \

-i,»> : ..<

~ t e p 1

Read the prompt and think about your

own

opinion. List

some

ideas about your opinions

in

th blanks. They do

not

have to agree

with

the examples given.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should pay their teachers

more money instead of spending money on athletics. Give specific reasons and examples

to

support your answer.

Paying teachers more:

Spending money on athletics:

-

teachers deserve to get paid

a

lot

-

makes people interested in university

-

encourages people

to

be teachers

-

helps bring money to

university

-

shows

that

teaching

is

important -

helps

people

afford

university

Read the sample response below. Identify the thesis by drawing a box around it and then

underline the key supporting ideas

for

the thesis.

I believe

that universities should

pay their teachers more instead

of

spending money on

athletics.

Doing

so

attracts excellent teachers and

keeps

them. Also

it sends the right signal to students.

First

of all teachers need money to pay

for

all the education

they

needed.

It

takes

a

ong time and

a

ot

of

money to complete your education

so that you

can

become

a

university

teacher.

After

that

you

do not

always

get

paid well

and many people

who

would be excellent teachers

do not enter the field of education. So universities should

pay

teachers

more so

more

people

will

become

teachers:

Second

by

paying their teachers well universities

can

ensure

that

people who start out in

a

teaching

career stay

in that career.

A

problem

many

universities face is keeping their best

teachers

after

hiring

them.

Many people

with

PhDs want

to

teach and start out doing so. However

they

find

out later

they can earn more

money by

working for a company

or

the government This

means that such people who are excellent

teachers choose to leave teaching because of money.

Third education needs to be the most

important

part

of

a university.

Universities exist

to

educate

people. When they

spend

more

money

on

athletics

it sends

the wrong message

to students.

It says

to students

that education is

notreally

that important. Conversely when universities

signal

a message

that

has a

special

meaning

field:

a

particular

area

of

study or

work

ensure

to

make sure that something

happens

face

to

deal with; to confront

conversely

on the other

hand

adequately:

in a

way

that is

good

enough

retain

to

keep

something

valued

considered to be important


27/40

attract

good

faculty and pay

them

adequately

it creates a better

environment for students

and

shows that

their education is

important.

In

conclusion by paying teachers

more

money instead of spending

so

much on athletics

universities can

become better

institutions

that

attract and retain the best faculty.

They will

communicate to

students

that

their

education is important and valued which benefits everyone.

In

complete sentences answer

the

following questions about the thesis and topic of the response

in

Step

2.

1

What is the thesis

statement of

the essay?

·

2

What is the

topic

sentence

of body

paragraph 1?

•':·'.

:·

.

3

What is the topic sentence of

body paragraph

2?

4

What is the topic sentence of body paragraph 3?

·

...

'

Brainstorming

505 ·

cc::

_ ._ .


28/40

~ t e p

In complete sentences

answer the following

questions

about the

organization

of the response

in Step

2.

1 Which

side of the prompt does

this essay

take?

2 How does the writer support the thesis statement?

3

Does

the

writer

present

a

comment or idea from the opposing argument in the conclusion? If so,

what

is

the comment or

idea?

4

What

is

the

main

idea of the

conclusion?

Read the

sample response presenting

another possible answer to the prompt

from Step 1

I do not agree that universities

should

pay teachers more rather than

spend

money

on athletics.

This

is because athletes

play an

important

role

in

the

life

of

a

university.

Their

contributions

are as

important

as

those of teachers.

First

of

all, universities

want

to have well-rounded

students.

Well-rounded

students are

successful.

They

give the university a

good

reputation. Athletics provide students with the

opportunity

to learn the

importance of personal health, competition,

and being

part of

a team.

Universities

that

support athletics

and

academics equally have more

well-rounded graduates.

Second,

university athletics are often the only

way

for

some

students

to

enter college. Many

students

from disadvantaged

backgrounds

do

not have the opportunities for

an

excellent

education

to prepare them for

college.

What they do

have

is

a

chance to

prove

themselves as athletes.

506 Chapter

contribution:

an

action

taken n order

to

help in

the success

of

something

well rounded:

having

knowledge of many

things

disadvantaged:

having

fewer

opportunities

than

other

people

dedicated:

focused

on

completing

something

alumni:

people who have graduated

from a

post-secondary

edu

cational program

finance:

to pay for something


29/40

··; :

Universities

that support

college athletics can include these hard-working

and

dedicated individuals

in

the promise of

a

college education.

Finally, athletics can help a university make

money.

Many universities

rely

on

their alumni for money.

They

use

this

money to build new

buildings,

finance

scholarships,

and

improve

life

for current students. Many of

these

alumni

support

their university sports programs. Watching their university s

team

win

an important game

gives them

pride.

The more

they feel pride,

the

more likely

they

are

to

give money to

make their university

even better.

Therefore, it is important

to

support athletics. It brings

alumni

closer

to

the university. It may also encourage

them to

give money.

In

conclusion, athletics

and academics

are both important for

universities. For that

reason, teachers should be

paid well,

but not

at

the

expense

of

university

athletic

programs.That

would

be

bad

for students,

alumni, and the university in general.

~ t e p

5

pride:

a feeling

of

satisfaction

because

of

n achievement

at the expense

of:

done even

though

it

hurts

someone or something

else

.

After studying the two sample

responses

give

your

own opinion on the

prompt.

Brainstorm

y o u ~ i d e a s below. Then write

or

type your

essay

·

~ ~ ~ ~

. _____________________ ;_ ___

_

__ :

__________________________________ _

_________

[

[

•

·:

z

G \

,

l

.·

ti

~

G \

Brainstorming

507

I


30/40

Experience

m l " ~ ~ l l " ' . : i M C ; t ; ; : 2 l l - ~ ' 1 V ~ ~ " 1 \ 1 " ~ ' ' ~ - o - ~ , o ; · ; < _ ~ , , : , ; . : ; , . . ; , • ; : : · - " 1 : -

..

X , ' : > o O . ' ;• re -

~ S t e p 1

Read

the prompt and think about

your

own

experience. List some ideas

about

your experiences

in

the

blanks.

They

do

not have to

agree

with the

examples given.

Some people

prefer

to

work on

only one

task at

a time. Others think multitasking

is

a better

way

to

get

more

work

done. Which

do

you prefer and why? Give specific reasons and

examples

to support your answer.

Working

on

one

task at

a time:

-

allows you to focus on

one

thing

-

prevents you from

getting

confused

-

helps you

work harder

Multitasking:

- allows

you to get

more

done

-

prevents you from getting bored

- helps you develop more than one skill

~ S t e p

Read the

sample

response

below.

Identify the th¢sis by drawing

a

box

around

it

and

then

underline

the key supporting ideas for the thesis .

While some

people might

like multitasking, I prefer

to work

on one

task

at a time. When I

do that, my

work

is

of higher quality,

I

feel

calmer,

and I am more productive.

First,

I can pay

better

attention to my

task

when I

work

on

only one

thing at a time. For

example,

I have a

computer programming

class,

Programming requires

me

to

pay

careful

attention

to details, Because of

this,

if I

try

to do more than

one

thing at

a time, I

am more likely to make

mistakes. By

focusing

on one

task

at a time, my work is

of

the highest

quality possible,

Second, when

I only

have

one

thing to do

at a time, I

feel

calm

and

relaxed,

That

way, I

enjoy my

class

work more, and

I

am willing to take

on new challenges, When I have

too

many things

to

do at

once,

like

writing a

program., checking

email,

and responding to my

classmates, it

breaks my concentration, and

I

get frustrated

and upset

with my work

situation.

Third, working on one

task

at a time

increases

my productivity,

Because

I can

focus on just

one task, I

put

all

my mental energy into

figuring

out

how

to

get

it

done most

effectively.

Similarly,

I

am

not distracted

by other problems like

I

would be if

I

were multitasking. For

that

reason,

I am more

productive

and efficient when working on only

one.task.

multitask:

to

work

on more than one

thing at the same time

productive:

able to get a lot done

programming:

the designing

or wrtting of

computer programs

take

on:

to try to do something that

is

difficult

challenge:

something that is difficult

to

do

concentration:

the ability to pay close

attention to something

distracted:

unable to focus on

something

preferred:

wanted

or liked more than

another thing

508 Ch


31/40

In conclusion

I prefer

working on one problem at

a

time

rather than

spreading myself thin by multitasking. With my

preferred

approach I

produce

better

quality work feel better

about

doing

so

and am more

productive.

~ t e p

3

In complete sentences answer th following questions about the thesis and

topic

of the

response

in

Step 2.

1 What is the thesis statement of the essay?

2 What is the

topic sentence

of

body

paragraph 1?

3.

What

is

t11e

topic

sentence

of body

paragraph

2?

.

4

What is the

topic sentence of body paragraph 3?

.

'

-

l

''·

.

.

[

(';

l

Brainstorming 509 ·


32/40

~ t e p

4

In

complete sentences answer

the

following questions about the organization of

the

response

in Step 2

1.

Which

side

of

the prompt does this essay take?

2.

How

does the

writer support the thesis statement?

3. Does the writer

present

a comment or idea from the

opposing

argument

in

the conclusion? If

so,

what is the comment or

idea?

4. What is the

main idea

of the

conclusion?

Read the sample response presenting another possible answer to the prompt from Step 1

~ ~ ~ ~ a s ~ ~ o p l e had.

d e q ~ t e

t ~ ~ e to

; : c u ~ o ~ · o n ~ ~ i n g

at a

I

time.

With modern technology, we can now multitask, which

I

think

is

the

better

way

to get work

done.

I

First,

when I multitask, I am a more efficient student. If I run into a

problem and

need

to wait for my

teacher to

help me, I do not have

to

waste time. By multitasking, I

can use that time to pick

up

another

assignment and

start

it

right away. That lets me be more productive and

efficient with my time.

Another

reason I

prefer multitasking

is

that

it

allows

me to be

more

creative. I enjoy

designing web pages

for

my school

newspaper.

It

means

I

need to be creative,

and

to do

that,

I

cannot work in

a

linear

manner.

Instead,

I do

lots of things at once,

and

that

helps me

generate

new ideas. So as

soon as

I have

an

idea, I

work

on

that

idea, even if it

means

dropping

what I

was already

doing.

adequate:

enough

run

into

to encounter

design

to plan and/or

build

something

linear

following one after another;

directly

connected

generate

to create

drop:

to stop

doing

something

dull:

uninteresting; boring

engaged

interested

in

or focused on

something

· ·

-

-

-----·--

-----· :_---;-

- ___ ________ _

·-------- - - - -=----- - - - -


33/40

•

:;-

Finally,

multitasking

keeps me interested in what I am doing.

Doing

one thing

is

boring; some tasks, like doing

math

homework,

are

just dull.

However, I have

to

do

them.

I make it interesting by doing

my math

homework while Iam chatting

with

my friends

online.

I do the

homework

while

I

wait

for them to respond to

me.

That way

it

is not

as

boring.

Modern technology

makes

our world more interesting, and it also

makes multitasking my favored means of working. When I multitask Iam

more productive, creative, and engaged, and

that

means

that my

work

is

of

better quality in the end.

~ S t e p


responses,

give

your own opinion on the prompt. Brainstorm

your

id as

below. Then, writ

or type

your essay.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

..._

_

rau


34/40

Opinion

M l l . > W ; ; ; ~ H , ' . < , \ l ~ ; > < • > < ; ; : ; ; ; . ; . , : : , : f . ; t V : ' ; , ; - c c c . v f e c - 1 -;',

·

, ·

•

~ S t e p

1

Read the prompt and think about your own opinion. List some ideas about your opinions in the

blanks. They

do not

have

to

agree

with

the examples given.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years, students will do all of

their schoolwork on a computer. Give specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Reasons students will do all schoolwork

on computer:

Reasons students

will

not

do all schoolwork

on computer:

- amount of information

shared

online is

growing

- too much information online may cause systems

to

crash

-

much

work done

in

businesses

is

already

done on

computers

-

schools

are

generally

reluctant

to

change

how

things

have

traditionally

been done

- people want to use less paper to

protect

environment

-

computers and

software

are more

expensive

than

paper

and

pencils

lo.. r ;.;

, . j ~ ' S ; ; i J \ d .f.

Read the sample response below. Identify the thesis by drawing a box around it, and then

underline the key supporting ideas

for

the thesis.

Every year more teachers and professors

are

encouraging students

to

make

the most

of

computer resources. Therefore

I

agree that

in

twenty

years

students

will

do

all

of their

schoolwork

on

a

computer

One reason I think this is because there is a growing trend

toward

sharing

information

online. Many businesses for example have already

stopped handing out paper memos

and

instead post them

online

or

send them

via email.

In

addition

many universities

are already

setting up

online

discussion forums for

classes. On these

forums

students can

.

discuss

class lectures as

well

as

post

assignments. The

professor

can

also upload reading materials or lecture

notes for the

students

to

study

Therefore it is

highly

likely

that

in twenty

years all

schoolwork will be

done online.

Another

reason I think

all schoolwork

will be done

on computers

in

twenty

years

is that society in

general is

moving

away irom

paper products.

resource

1

omething

that

helps

you

with a task

growing

·

increasing

memo

ashort note or

message

post:

to put information on a

website

forum:

a webpage that people use

to discuss

things

waste

the

trash that people throw

away

refuse

to say that you will not do

-something

5 2

Chapter 4

-- -

I

;

- - - ~

1 ~ ·


35/40

People are getting more

and

more concerned

about.

environmental

issues

like pollution

and waste. Already

many professors

refuse

to print

out paper assignments. They encourage their students

to

send their

work

via email and they

insist

on sending back

corrections

the same

way.

Because using

computers saves paper

more and more

people

are

seeing

their

use

as good for the environment.

n

twenty years probably

no

one will

be using

paper to do work.

n conclusion Iagree that students will do all their work on computers

twenty

years from now. Perhaps

the

rest of

society

will catch on

too

and

start doing

all of its

work

on

computers as

well.

catch

on:

to understand

In

complete sentences

answer

the following questions about

the thesis

and topic

of

the

response

. in

Step

2.

1

What is

the thesis statement of the

essay?

2

What is

the topic sentence of body paragraph

1?

... .

3

What is

the topic seriterice of body paragraph

2?

[

[

•

Brainstorming 513

· . :


36/40

~ t e p 4

In complete

sentences

answer

the following

questions about the organization

of the

response

in Step

2.

1

Which

side of the prompt does this essay take?

2 How does the

writer support

the thesis statement?

3 Does

the writer present a comment

or idea from

the opposing

argument

in the conclusion?

If

so, ;

what is the

comment

or idea?

4

What

is

the

main idea

of

the conclusion?

Read the sample response presenting

another

possible

answer

to

the prompt from

Step 1.

Today,

many

classrooms

provide

computers

for

students to

use,

and

many

students choose to do homework assignments

on

their home

computers.

Despite the

growing popularity

of

computers,

I

do not

think

it is likely

that

students will do

all of their work

on computers

in twenty

years.

I think this

for

several

reasons.

First,

while

computers

are a useful tool, they cannot do everything.

There are many instances

in

which a

computer

is

not practical for

completing assignments.

Traditional art or music classes, for example,

require

students to use

materials or

instruments that

cannot

be replicated

digitally.

Even biology classes assign tasks,

such

as dissections or

field

observations,

that

cannot be

done

on

a

computer.

Second,

computers

use

up

a

lot

of energy

in

the form of

electricity.

Even

today,

energy resources are getting scarcer

and

more expensive,

Twenty years

from

now, it may

not be possible to run computers for

provide:

to

give

popularity

the quality of being liked by

many people

replicate:

to

copy

digitally

by using a

computer

scarce:

rare;

n

small quantities

access:

the ability

to

use

or

have

something

abundant

available

n

large quantities

: :} 514 Chapter


37/40

every student since it would require more electricity than society

may

be

able to generate.

Third many

students

still will

not

have

enough

access to

computers

twenty

years from

now

to do all their

work

on

them. Computers

are

expensive. Even

in America there are many

schools

that

cannot afford

supplies

like

pens and paper let alone

computers.

In twenty years basic

computers

may get cheaper and more abundant but there will still be

families and

classrooms that cannot

afford

them.

For

these

reasons I do

not agree that students will do

all

of their

work on

computers

in twenty

years.

Although computers will become

more and more useful for

completing tasks

they will

never

be

the

only

tool used

for

doing

work.

~ t e p 5


responses

give your own opinion

on the

prompt. Brainstorm

your

ideas

below. Then writ or type your essay.

-r;------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------- -- ---- ..... ..--_--... .-

·

'

I.

r

I

,'

[[

I

Brainstorining 5 5

: \ : .


38/40

Opinion

" 1 1 - 1 1 . - < ; " m ; : ; v . , , . m ~ ' " " " K . w n ~ > E . . _ . . > : : " - < ' > " " ' ' ' ' ' h - ' > ' > - V : ·

' - -

~ t e p

1

Read the prompt and

think

about your

own

opinion. List some ideas about your opinions in the

blanks. They do not have to agree with

the

examples given.

Do

you agree or disagree with the following statement? t is important to learn about events

in

other countries even

i

they do not directly affect you. Give specific reasons and examples

to support your answer.

Pros of learning about other countries:

-

makes

you aware of world events

Cons of learning about other countries:

- can

give

you a false impression

- helps you if you travel to a new

country

- will not teach you

anything

useful

- can

help

you understand

your

own country

- stops you

from learning

important things

ti>

Step

:?.

Read

the

sample response below. Identify

the

thesis by drawing a box around it, and then

underline

the

key supporting ideas for the thesis.

Every

day,

events

happen

in countries

all over

the

world that

only

directly affect a

relatively

small number of people. Even though those

events may not have immediate significance, I

agree

that

it

is important

to learn about them

even if

they

do

not directly

affect you.

One reason is

that

being

educated

about

crises in

other

countries

can

help

you

deal

with similar crises

in

your own country. When

smallpox

broke

out in

Europe

in

the 18' century,

for

example,

doctors

figured

out

how

to

eradicate the disease

by vaccinating

people.

Then,

when.

the

disease broke out in other countries across

the

world,

they

knew how

to

deal

with the

crisis.

You should

also

learn

about

events

in

other

countries

because you

may one day visit

them.

It is

important

to

know

what is happening

in

a

country

you

travel to so

that you

can be safe. If

you

know

that

the

political situation is unstable or there is a

civil war

going on, you

would

be wise to

postpone

your visit Being informed

of

a country's

current

events

is

essential

to traveling

safely

within

that

country.

Learning about

events

in

other

countries

also gives you

a

more

accurate understanding of

the

world.

If

you focus only

on

events in

your

own country,

you may not realize,

for

example, that things like disease

relatively:

compared to other

similar

things

significance:

the meaning

or importance

of something

crisis:

asudderi and severe

problem

eradicate:

to

get

rtd

of

something

completely

vaccinate

to protect someone

from a

disease

with

a medicine

unstable:

changing olten

postpone:

to delay

doing something

fellow:

referring

to similar

people

5 6 Chapter 4


39/40

and

poverty

are ll major issues in

the world. It

is important to understand

global

issues in order

to

protect yourself

and to

help out your

fellow

humans.

In conclusion think that it is very important to learn about

major

events in

other

countries. Even

if

those events

do

not affect you directly

learning about

them

is of

great

value.

~ t e p

I[

[

[

In complete sentences answer the following questions about the

thesis

and topic of the response

a

in

Step

2.

n

1. What is

the

thesis

statement

of

the essay?

2. What is

the topic

sentence of

body

paragraph 1?

3.

What

is

the

topic sentence of body paragraph 2?

4. What

is the

topic sentence of body paragraph

3?

Brainstorming

517 :··.


40/40

In complete sentences answer the following

questions

about the organization

of

the response

in

Step

2.

1 Which side

of

the

prompt

does this essay take?

2

How

does the

writer support

the thesis statement?

3 Does the

writer

present a comment

or idea from

the opposing argument in the conclusion? If

so,

what is the comment or idea?

4

What

is

the

main

idea

of

the

conclusion?

Read the sample response

presenting

another possible answer to the prompt

from

Step 1.

If

events

that

happen

in

other countries do not affect you

directly,

I

do not agree

that

it is

important

to

learn

about them.

First

of

all,

people

have far

too

much

to

worry

about

in

their

own

countries to be worrying about events that

happen across

the globe.

The United Nations,

for

example,

spends

a great

deal

of money and

manpower trying

to pacify conflicts in many

different

countries.

Meanwhile,

the countries

who are

part of the UN still struggle with

things

like poverty,

unemployment, and

P()Or health care.

With so many

things to

worry

about,

it

is best to just focus

on your

own country.

Second, learning about

major current

events in other countries can

give you the

wrong

impression about people who come from that country.

globe:

the world

manpower:

the

people

available

to

do

a

job

pacify:

to

establish peace

struggle:

to attempt

to do

something

difficult

poverty:

a

situation where

people

are very

poor

impression:

an

opinion about a person

I

I

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