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Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

University

Understanding HSPA

Understand HSPA:High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS

Understand HSPA:High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 3

University

Understanding HSPA

About QUALCOMM University

QUALCOMM University (“QU”) offers the advanced technologytraining solutions you need to stay on the cutting edge of wirelesstechnology.

Visit the QU website for more information about individual training

products, international training centers, and distance learningopportunities, along with a complete list of classes—all developed byQUALCOMM, the pioneers of CDMA.

QUALCOMM University: www.qualcommuniversity.com

QUALCOMM: www.qualcomm.com



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 4

University

Understanding HSPA

Where Can I Learn More?

• WCDMA HSDPA: Protocolsand Physical Layer (1 day)

• WCDMA HSUPA: Protocolsand Physical Layer (1 day)

Want to learn more?

QUALCOMM University offers additional in-depth technical training related to this course.

To learn more about this or related topics, signup for the following courses.

To check out the schedules for these coursesand enroll, go to:

www.qualcommuniversity.com

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 6

University

Understanding HSPA

UMTS Courses from QUALCOMM University

For the latest information on all QUALCOMM University courses, visit www.qualcommuniversity.com.



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 7

University

Understanding HSPA

Tutorial Objectives

Provide telecommunication professionals with the basicunderstanding of HSPA, the high speed packet accesstechnologies (HSDPA, HSUPA), and related applications,network architecture, and deployments.

The talk will present:

the market drivers for UMTS HSPA

the basic enabling techniques and terminology associatedwith HSPA

the basic operations of HSPA

the HSPA implementation and performances

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 8

University

Understanding HSPA

HSPA Motivations

Market Drivers



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 9

University

Understanding HSPA

Increasing Wireless Internet TrafficDemands Higher Data Rates

3G Enables Wider Options of Services

EducationEducation

FinancialFinancial

InformationInformation

BusinessBusiness

Audio on demandVideo on demandGames on demandNetwork GamesReservation services

Database accessE-mail/Fax/WebLocation Based ServicesEmergency Call LocatingSafety Credit verification

Stock tradingWireless bankingFinancial news

Interactive shoppingE-commerce

Remote learningRemote library access

Remote language laboratory

WorkgroupsRemote LAN accessVideoconferencing

…and many

others

Entertainment

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 10

University

Understanding HSPA

CDMA2000 1xCDMA2000 1x

More Capacity, High Speed Data

Capacity/Quality

Roaming

Mobility

AMPS

TDMA

GSMPDC

cdmaOneIS-95A

cdmaOneIS-95B

cdmaOneIS-95B

Medium Speed Data

Multi-ModeMulti-Mode

Global Roaming

1G 2G 3G (IMT-2000)2.5G

Multi-BandMulti-Band

Multi-NetworkMulti-Network

GPRSGPRS

CDMA2000 1xEVCDMA2000 1xEV

WCDMAWCDMA

Time

IMT-2000 aims to achieve Anywhere, Anytime Communications

Key Features:• Commonality• Compatibility• High quality• Small terminals• Worldwide roaming• Multimedia• Wide range of services

3G (IMT-2000)



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 12

University

Understanding HSPA

GPRSGPRS

EDGEEDGE

WCDMA (R99)WCDMA (R99)

HSDPA/HSUPA(Rel5 / Rel6)

HSDPA/HSUPA

(Rel5 / Rel6)

Peak Data Rate

S p e c t r a l E f f i c i e n c y

Rich Voice Video Telephony

MM streaming

MM sharing

WirelessBroadband Access

Interactive Gaming

VoIP with AMR-WB

Text Messaging Speech GSMGSM

Push-to-Talk Customized

Infotainment Multimedia

Messaging

Data ServicesEvolution

E vol ved 3G

Voice & Limited Data

Medium Speed Data

Voice & High Speed Data

3G Enables Advanced Data Services

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 13

University

Understanding HSPA

HSPA for Higher Speed

• Data Rate

– Demand for higher peakdata rates

• Delay

– Lower latency

• Capacity

– Better capacity and throughput

– Better spectrum efficiency – Finer resource granularity

• Coverage

– Better coverage for higher datarate

What are the requirements for HSPA?



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 14

University

Understanding HSPA

UMTS Data Rate Evolution

Uplink Peak Data Rate

(Typical Deployment)

Downlink Peak Data Rate

(Typical Deployment)

GSM 9.6 kbps 9.6 kbps

GPRS 20 kbps 40 kbps

EDGE 60 kbps 120 kbpsWCDMA Release 99 64 kbps 384 kbps

HSDPA - Rele ase 5 384 kbps 10 Mbps*

HSUPA - Rele ase 6 1.4 Mbps (early dep loyme nt) 10 Mbps

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 15

University

Understanding HSPA

Applications Benefiting from HSPA

Voice-over-IP (VoIP)

- Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, fine resourcegranularity and improved capacity

Video Telephony (in Packet Switched domain)- Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, high data rates

and improved coverage and capacity

Gaming- Low latency, fast resource allocation

Video Share / Picture Share- High Uplink data rates and improved coverageand capacity

File Uploading (large files)- High Uplink data rates and improved coverage

and capacity

DelaySensitive

– ErrorTolerant

DelayTolerant– Error

Sensitive



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 18

University

Understanding HSPA

Part I :Understanding

HSDPA

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 19

University

Understanding HSPA

Review - UMTS Network Architecture

Core Network

UserEquipment

UTRAN

MobileEquipment

USIM

Node

BNode

B

NodeB

RNC

RNC

HLR/AuC

NodeB

NodeB

NodeB

GMSC PSTN/ISDN

SGSN GGSN Internet

MSC/VLR

NodeB

NodeB

Uu

Iucs

Iups

Iub

Iub

Iur



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 20

University

Understanding HSPA

Review - UMTS Protocol Stack

Mobility Management(MM)

Radio Resources Control (RRC)

SupplementaryServices (SS)

Short MessageServices (SMS)

Layer 2

Physical Layer (L1)

Non-AccessStratum

AccessStratum

GPRS MobilityManagement (GMM)

Session Management (SM)

Radio Link Control (RLC)

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Connection Management (CM)

Call Control(CC)

Short MessageServices (SMS)

Circuit Switched Packet Switched

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 21

University

Understanding HSPA

Review - Release 99 Channels



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 22

University

Understanding HSPA

Review – RRC Modes and States

UTRAN Connected Mode

CELL_FACH

CELL_PCHURA_PCH

Idle Mode

(Camping on a UTRAN cell)

Channels: PCH, No Uplink

Mobility: URA Update

Calls: PS (no data transfer)

DRX Mode

CELL_DCH


Mobility: Cell Update

Calls: PS (no data transfer)

DRX Mode

Channels: FACH, RACH

Mobility: Cell Update

Calls: PS

Dedicated logical channels, butcommon transport and physicalchannels

No DRX Mode

Channels: Downlink DCH, UplinkDCH

Mobility: Handover

Calls: PS, CS


Mobility: Location/Routing Area Update

Calls: None, PS call might be in “contextpreserved” state

DRX Mode

Establish RRCConnection

Release RRC

ConnectionEstablish RRC

Connection

Release RRCConnection

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 23

University

Understanding HSPA

Release 99 Principles

How is Packet Data Managed in Release 99?

• DCH (Dedicated Channel) – Spreading codes assigned per user

– Closed loop power control

– Macro diversity

• FACH (Common Channel) – Common spreading code

– Header defines user

– No closed loop power control

• DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel) – not implemented for FDD – Common spreading code shared by many users

– User assignment by Physical Layer signaling

– Closed loop power control with DPCH



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 24

University

Understanding HSPA

DCH/FACH Comparison Summary

Mode DCH FACH

Channel Type Dedicated Common

Powe r Control

Closed Inner Loop

at 1500 Hz -

Slowe r Outer

Loop

None or slow

(based on

measurement

report)

Soft Handover Supported Not Supported

Setup Time High Low

Suitability for Bursty Data Poor Good

Data Rate Medium Low

Radio Performance Good Poor

How do we do Packet Data in Release 99

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 37

University

Understanding HSPA

What will HSDPA Address?

Release 99 Downlink Limitations

• Limited Peak Data Rate – Maximum implemented Downlink of 384 kbps

• Capacity and Throughput – Modulation and coding

QPSK

Convolution coding (R=1/2, 1/3) or turbo coding (R=1/3)

– Link adaptation due to channel conditions

Fast closed inner loop power control, but

Slower outer loop

• Minimum TTI of 10 ms

• Slow Rate and Type Switching



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 40

University

Understanding HSPA

Common Channel for Data

Common Channel for data transfer using

the HS-PDSCH

H S - P D S C H

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 41

University

Understanding HSPA

Multi-Code Operation

• Fixed Spreading Factor SF=16

– (Typical Spreading Factor for 128 kbps in Release 99)

• 1-15 codes can be reserved for HS-PDSCH

• Can be TDM or CDM between users

Up to 15 codesreserved for

HS-PDSCHtransmission

User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4

2 ms (3 slots)



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 44

University

Understanding HSPA

Scheduling Comparison

RNC

Node B

RELEASE 99SchedulingRLC ARQResource Allocation

RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)RLC ARQResource Allocation

RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)Scheduling

Link AdaptationHARQResource Allocation

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 45

University

Understanding HSPA

HSDPA Scheduling and Retransmissions

• Scheduling

– Done at the Node B

– No interaction with the RNC

– Based on channel quality feedback from the UE

• Retransmissions

– HARQ (link level retransmissions) – Done at the Node B

– Based on UE feedback (ACK/NACK)

– Soft combining at the UE



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 46

University

Understanding HSPA

Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ)

• Scheme combining ARQ and Forward ErrorCorrection

• FEC decoding based on all unsuccessfultransmissions

• Stop-and-Wait (SAW) protocol

• Two basic schemes:

– Chase Combining

same data block is sent at each retransmission

– Incremental Redundancy (IR)

Additional Redundant Information sent at each retransmission

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 47

University

Understanding HSPA

HARQ – Illustration

N A K

N A K

A C K

P a s s

F a i l



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 48

University

Understanding HSPA

Comparison Summary

Mode DCH FACH HSDPA

Channel Type Dedicated Common Common

Powe r Control

Closed Inner Loop

at 1500 Hz - Slow

Outer Loop

None

Fixed Power

with link

adaptation

Soft Handover Supported Not Supported Not Supported

Suitability for Bursty Data Poor Good Good

Data Rate / Traffic Volumn Medium Low High

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 49

University

Understanding HSPA

UMTS Network Architecture with HSDPA

Core Network

UserEquipment

UTRAN

MobileEquipment

USIM

Node

BNode

B

NodeB

RNC

RNC

HLR/AuC

NodeB

NodeB

NodeB

GMSC PSTN/ISDN

SGSN GGSN Internet

MSC/VLR

NodeB

NodeB

UuIub

Iub

Iups

IucsHardware andSoftware Changes

Software Changes

Iur



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 50

University

Understanding HSPA

HSDPA Protocol Stack

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 51

University

Understanding HSPA

HSDPA Channels

New HSDPA Channels

Transport Channel

• High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH)

– Downlink Transport Channel

Physical Channels

• High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)

– Downlink Control Channel

• High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel(HS-PDSCH) – Downlink Data Channel

• High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel(HS-DPCCH)

– Uplink Control Channel



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 52

University

Understanding HSPA

HSDPA Channels (continued)

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 53

University

Understanding HSPA

HSDPA Operation Overview

1. Each UE reports channelquality on HS-DPCCH.

2. The Node B determineswhich and when each UE isto be served.

3. The Node B informs the UEto be served via HS-SCCH.

4. Then deliver the data to theUE via HS-DSCH.

5. The UE sends feedback(ACK/NAK) back to Node Bon HS-DPCCH.

HSDPA Operation

3dTower.emf

Node B

H S - D P C

C H

H S - D S C H

H S - S

C C H

P - C P I C H

UE

HS-DPCCH

HS-DSCH

HS-SCCH

P-CPICH



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 54

University

Understanding HSPA

HSDPA Channel Operation Timeline

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 55

University

Understanding HSPA

HS-PDSCH

High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)• Carries UE data

• Up to 15 HS-PDSCH may be assigned simultaneously

– UE capability indicates maximum number of codes it supports

• Uses Spreading Factor = 16



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 56

University

Understanding HSPA

HS-DPCCH

High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel(HS-PDCCH)

• 1st slot carries ACK or NAK for received HS-DSCH blocks

• 2nd and 3rd slots carry Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) – UE measures Downlink CPICH channel quality

– CQI indicates the highest data rate for error rate < 10%

– Frequency of CQI reports configured by UTRAN

• DTX during ACK/NAK and CQI slots if nothing to send


HS-DPCCHUplink Channel

CQI

2 ms3 slots

ACK/

NAK

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 57

University

Understanding HSPA

HS-SCCH

High Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)

• 1st part carries modulation information

– OVSF code assignment

– Modulation scheme

• 2nd part carries transport block size, Hybrid ARQ parameters

• UE Identity encoded over each part

– UE decodes each part independently

• UE assigned up to 4 HS-SCCHs to monitor




Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 58

University

Understanding HSPA

Data Rate Example

Question:

Assuming a transport block size of 320 bits, what HSDPAdata rate can be achieved by a single UE using thechannel allocation timing shown above?

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 59

University

Understanding HSPA

Data Rate Example (cont.)

Answer:

320 bits are transmitted every 10 ms, so the maximumdata rate is 32 kbps.



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 62

University

Understanding HSPA

Consecutive Assignments

Data Rate with Consecutive Assignments

480 kbps X 5 = 2.4 Mbps

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 63

University

Understanding HSPA



• Each HSDPA assignment is handled by a HARQ process – HARQ Processes run in Node B and UE

– Up to 8 HARQ processes per UE

– Number configured by Node B when HSDPA operations begin

• The UE HARQ process is responsible for: – Attempting to decode the data

– Deciding whether to send ACK or NAK

– Soft-combining of retransmitted data

• The Node B HARQ process is responsible for: – Selecting the correct bits to send according to the selected retransmission

scheme and UE capability



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 69

University

Understanding HSPA

Inter-TTI Interval

Inter-TTI Interval = 2

HS-SCCH

HS-PDSCH 1

.

.

.

.

.

.HS-PDSCH N

HS-DPCCH

CQI

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

ACK ACK ACK

2 ms

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 70

University

Understanding HSPA

Retransmissions

HS-SCCH

HS-PDSCH 1...

.

.

.

HS-PDSCH 15

HS-DPCCH

10 ms minimum retransmit interval

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

NAK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

ACK

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2 ms

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 71

University

Understanding HSPA

ACK/NAK Repetit ions

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 72

University

Understanding HSPA

Node B Implementation Considerations

Node B Considerations

• OVSF Code Allocation

• Power Allocation

• CQI Report Processing

• Scheduler

• HSDPA Cell Re-pointing Procedure

• Compressed Mode



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 73

University

Understanding HSPA

OVSF Allocation

S C C P C

H

H S - S C C

H

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 74

University

Understanding HSPA

Node B Transmit Power Allocation

T o t a l a v a i l a b l e c e l l p o w e r

T o t a l a v a i l a b l e c e l l p o w e

r



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 75

University

Understanding HSPA

CQI Report Processing

• UE measures CPICH strength

– Measurement reference period is 3 slots, ending 1 slot before CQI issent

• UE reports index into CQI Table

– Highest data rate for which UE can guarantee error rate < 10%

• Node B may filter CQI reports

– Varying CQI means UE is in a fast changing environment

– Steady CQI means UE is in a stable environment

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 76

University

Understanding HSPA

Node B Scheduler

User #1 User #2User #3 User #4

HS -DSCH TTI(3 slots = 2 ms)

User #1 User #2 User #2 User #3 User #1 User #4 User #4 User #2 User #1

User #1 User #2User #3 User #4

15 codesreserved forHS-PDSCH

transmission

Pure Time Division Multiplexing

Combined Code and Time Division Multiplexing



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 77

University

Understanding HSPA

HSDPA Cell Re-pointing Procedure

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 79

University

Understanding HSPA

HSUPA Performance

Maximum Theoretical Data Rate:

• 14.4 Mbps

– 15 codes

– 16QAM

– Consecutive assignments (Inter-TTI spacing of 1)

– Coding Rate of 1

Practical Peak Data Rate:

• 10.0 Mbps

– Full capability UE

– Good RF conditions (High Cell Geometry)

– Single UE

• Dedicated HSDPA carrier



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 80

University

Understanding HSPA

Part I I :Understanding

HSUPA

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 81

University

Understanding HSPA

Release 99 Uplink Packet Data

How is Uplink Packet Data handled in Release 99?

• DCH (Dedicated Channel)

– Variable spreading factor

– Closed loop power control

– Macro diversity (soft handover)

• RACH (Common Channel)

– Common spreading code

– Fixed (negotiated) spreading factor

– No closed loop power control

– No soft handover



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 86

University

Understanding HSPA

HSUPA vs. HSDPA

HARQ with Fast Retransmission at Layer 1

Fast Node-B Scheduler

“Many-to-One”

Rise-over-Thermal (RoT)

Fast Node-B Scheduler

“One-to-Many”

Shared Node-B Power and Code

Fast Power Control

Soft Handover

Rate/Modulation Adaptation

Single Serving Cell

Dedicated Channel withEnhanced Capabilities

New high-speed SharedChannel

HSUPAHSDPA

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 87

University

Understanding HSPA

Rise-over-Thermal Noise

Determination ofgrant for the UE

(At NodeB)

NodeB

UL Interference Level(RoT measure)

UE Data Rate

Interference fromother UEs

Grant Receivedfrom NodeB

UE TransmitPower

2

3

1

5

4

In order to decode received data correctly, a

minimum SINR shall be guaranteed at theNode B receiver.

Rise-over-Thermal is a measure of the

Uplink load.

1. By increasing the number of transmitting UEsand their transmit power, the level ofinterference in the Uplink band increases.

2. This interference is perceived by theNode B receiver as noise, affecting the SINR.

3. The Node B controls the interference level byadjusting the UE grant assignments.

4. When the UE receives a new grant, it uses it incombination with available UE transmit powerand the amount of data in the buffer…

5. …to determine the data rate and thecorresponding transmit power.



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 88

University

Understanding HSPA

Node B Scheduler for HSUPA

The HSUPA scheduler addresses the trade-off between:

Several usersthat want totransmit at

high data rateall the time

3dTower.emf

Node B

Satisfying allrequested grantswhile preventingoverloading and

maximizingresource utilization

and

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 89

University

Understanding HSPA

Rise-over-Thermal Loading

load

RoT

Overload

margin

Target Load

Possible additional load with HSUPA

R99 UL

R6 UL

With the introduction of HSUPA, a lower Uplink margin forpreventing overload situations can be used, thanks to the fastresource allocation and control mechanisms in the Node B.



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 90

University

Understanding HSPA

HSUPA Channel Operation

1. The UE sends a TransmissionRequest to the Node B for gettingresources.

2. The Node B responds to the UE witha Grant Assignment, allocatingUplink band to the UE.

3. The UE uses the grant to select theappropriate transport format for theData Transmission to the Node B.

4. The Node B attempts to decode the

received data and send ACK/NAK tothe UE. In case of NAK, data may beretransmitted.

3dTower.emf

Node B

R E Q

G R A N T

D A T

A

A C K / N A K

UE

HSUPA Operation

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 91

University

Understanding HSPA

HSUPA Channel Operation (continued)

1. Transmission Request

The UE requests data

transmission by means of the

Scheduling Information (SI),

which is determined according

the UE Power and Buffer Data

availability.

The scheduling information is

sent in-band to the Node B.



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 92

University

Understanding HSPA


2. Grant Assignment

The Node B determines the

UE Grant by monitoring

Uplink interference (RoT at

the receiver), and by

considering the UE

transmission requests and

level of satisfaction.

The grant is signaled to the

UE by new grant channels.

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 93

University

Understanding HSPA


3. Data Transmission

The UE uses the received

grant and, based on its power

and data availability, selects

the E-DCH Transport Format

and the corresponding

Transmit Power.

Data are transmitted by the UE

on together with the related

control information.



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 94

University

Understanding HSPA


4. Data AcknowledgmentThe Node B attempts to

decode the received data

and indicates to the UE with

ACK/NAK if successful.

If no ACK is received by the

UE, the data may be

retransmitted.

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 95

University

Understanding HSPA

UMTS Network Architecture with HSUPA

Core Network

User

Equipment

UTRAN

MobileEquipment

USIM

Node

BNode

B

NodeB

RNC

RNC

HLR/AuC

Node

B

NodeB

NodeB

GMSCPSTN/ISDN

SGSN GGSN Internet

MSC/VLR

NodeB

Node

B

UuIub

Iub

Iups

IucsHardware andSoftware Changes

Software Changes

Iur



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 96

University

Understanding HSPA

HSUPA Protocol Stack

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 99

University

Understanding HSPA

HSUPA Uplink Channels

New HSUPA Uplink Channels:

• Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)

– Uplink Transport Channel

• E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel(E-DPDCH)

– Uplink Physical Channel

• E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel(E-DPCCH)

– Uplink Control Channel



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 102

University

Understanding HSPA

Uplink Channels

E-DPDCH

• Carries the payload.

• May include a scheduling

request from UE to Node B.

E-DPCCH

• Carries control informationrequired to decode the

payload carried by E-DPDCH.

• Carries an indication fromUE to indicate to the Node B

whether the assignedresources are adequate.

SI

TTI

PAYLOADHD

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 103

University

Understanding HSPA

Downlink Channels

E-AGCH

• The absolute grant carries maximumallowed E-DPDCH/DPCCH ratio.

• Carries information that controls HARQ

process.

E-RGCH

• The relative grant carries a simple

command to increase (UP), Decrease

(DOWN), or keep (HOLD) the current

grant.

E-HICH

• Gives feedback to the UE about previous

data transmission, carrying Acknowledge

(ACK) or Not Acknowledge (NAK).

Up / Down / Hold

TTI

ACK/NAK

TTI



Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 104

University

Understanding HSPA

HSUPA Channel Timing

Telecom Israel

Technical Tutorial

November 7th 2006

Page 105

University

Understanding HSPA

HSUPA Features (continued)

• Shorter TTI of 2 ms

– In HSUPA both 10 ms and 2 ms TTI are supported

– A shorter TTI allows reduction of the latency and increasingthe average and peak cell throughput

– A tighter resource control can be implemented, thus allowingfor additional capacity

• Higher Peak Data Rate

– For a 10-ms TTI UE, peak data rate is limited to 2 Mbps

– Higher peak data rates can be achieved with a 2-ms TTI UE

– 5.76 Mbps is the maximum peak data rate for HSUPA



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Understanding HSPA


• Hybrid-ARQ – N-channel Stop-and-Wait

(SAW) protocol, with4 processes for 10 ms TTIand 8 processes for 2 msTTI

– Synchronousretransmission

– Separate HARQ feedbackis provided per Radio-Link

3dTower.emf

Node B

3dTower.emf

Node B

D A T A

D A T A

N A K

A C K

E-DCH cells partof the Active Set

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Rate Request

• The UE requests grant for data transmission

Rate Control

• The UTRAN controls the grants for transmission on Uplink

– Scheduled transmissions granted by the Node B for high speed data

– Non-Scheduled transmissions granted by the RNC for delay-sensitiveapplications

Load Control

• The UTRAN monitors Rise-over-Thermal (RoT) noise at theNode B receiver.

– UTRAN prevents overloading by reducing scheduled grants to UEs



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HSUPA Quality of Service (QoS)• QoS is linked to a logical channel.

• Up to 15 logical channels can bemultiplexed on a single MAC-e PDU.

– Each logical channel may have a different

QOS and a different priority level.

• Priority level is considered whileforming a MAC-e PDU.

• Parameters affecting HSUPAperformance are set as per the QoS

requirements.

Air interface

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E-DCH Active Set and Mobility Support

3dTower.emf

Node B

3dTower.emf

Node B

3dTower.emf

Node B

Serving E-DCH RadioLink Set (RLS)

Serving

E-DCH cellNon-Serving

Radio Links (RL)

Example with anActive Set of 4 cells

There are three different types ofRadio Links in the UE Active Set:

• Serving E-DCH Cell – The cell from

which UE receives AGCH fromscheduler.

• Serving (E-DCH) RLS – Set of cells

that contain at least the serving cell

and from which the

UE can receive and combine theserving RGCH.

• Non-Serving RL – Cell that belongs

to the E-DCH Active Set but does not

belong to the serving RLS and fromwhich the UE can receive a RGCH.



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HSUPA Serving Cell Change

From the 3GPP Standards:HSUPA Serving Cell is the same as HSDPA Serving Cell

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Active Set Composition with HSUPA

E-DCHServing Cell

ServingRL

ServingRL

Serving RLS

…

Non-Serving RL

Non-Serving RL

…

E-DCH Active Set (max 4 cells) OtherAS cell

OtherAS cell

…

DPCH Active Set (max 6 cells)

SendAGCH

UE can combine RGCHcommands from these cells

Send non-serving RGCH Is in SHO

All cells belongingto the UE AS

All cells belongingto the UE AS that

handle E-DCH



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Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data Rate

How do we get 5.76 Mbps?

• Lower Coding Gain

– Effective code rate = 1

– Requires very good channel conditions to decode

• Lower Spreading factor

– UE can use SF2

• Multi-code transmission

– UE can use up to 4 codes, 2 with SF4 plus 2 with SF2

– Require some power back-off at UE side

• Shorter TTI

– Requires higher processing capabilities at terminal and Node B

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E-DPDCH with SF4 and Puncturing

Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and codingrate of 1 is 1920 bits (for 960 kpbs).



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Lower Spreading Factor SF2

Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and codingrate of 1 is 3840 bits (for 1920 kpbs).

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Multi-code Transmission

Use of multi-code transmission 2 x SF2 + 2 x SF4

(2 x 1920 kbps) + (2 x 960 kbps) = 5760 kbps



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HSUPA UE Capabilities

2000 kbps

2000 kbps

2000 kbps

1448 kbps

1448 kbps

711 kbps

Peak rate forTTI = 10 ms*

5742 kbps

--

2886 kbps

--

1448 kbps

--

Peak rate forTTI = 2 ms

Category 6

Category 5

Category 4

Category 3

Category 2

Category 1

E-DCHCategory

4

2

2

2

2

1

Max number ofE-DPDCHchannels

SF2 + SF 4

SF2

SF 2

SF 4

SF 4

SF 4

MinimumSF

2 & 10 ms

10 ms

2 & 10 ms

10 ms

2 & 10 ms

10 ms

SupportedTTI

* Maximum Peak data rate for 10 ms E-DCH TTI operation is 2 Mbps in all configurations

hspa libre

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