human dignity compilation

8/8/2019 Human Dignity Compilation

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1

UPHOLDING HUMANDIGNITY



y Upholding human dignity is at the central of the values system that we associate with social peace.

y Human dignity is defined as the fundamental innate worth of a human being- this principle is universally accepted but has not taken root in actual practices

y The principle of Human Dignity in enshrined in theteachings of major faiths (i.e. Christianity)



y According to the Papal Encyclical ³Pacem in Terris´, Peace would be built if citizens applythemselves seriously to respecting the rightsof others and discharging their own duties.(Pope John XXXIII, 1963)

y In Islam, it is believed that ³all human beingshave the right to life at conception and after

birth, a right to full opportunities to lead arewarding and satisfying life.´ (Mahmood-

Abedin, 2001)



HUMAN DIGNITY AND PEACE EDUCATION

y Human Rights Education: education that seeks touphold human dignity and is closely linked to peaceeducation.

y

One of peace education¶s major concern is topromote human dignity and well being because it is believed to be the foundation of peace

y Betty Reardon: ³The achievement of positiveconditions of human rights provide thefoundation of non-violent social order andgreatly reduces the cause of armed conflict and

war.´



y In the Philippines, a survey conducted by the NationalUnification Commission showed that massive poverty and injustices were ranked as the highest factors thatcaused armed conflict

y These factors can also be described as constituting thedenial of fundamental human rights of people

y Education has a role to play in cultivating the minds,

attitudes and behaviors that would reject theseconditions of violence and at the same time encourage afirm belief and practice of respect for the life, dignity and

well being of all people.



y UN Declaration of 2001-2010 (Decade of Peace)

A manifesto was initiated by UNESCO signed by millions

Ù ³Respect for life and dignity of each human being´

-this indicates the connection bet. Peace and human dignity.



W hat are human rights?

y Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence,sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion,

language, or any other status.y We are all equally entitled to our human rights

without discrimination.

y These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and

indivisible.



y Universal human rights are often expressed andguaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties,customary international law , general principles and

other sources of international law.y International human rights law lays down

obligations of Governments to act in certain ways orto refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and

protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.



HUMAN RIGHTS

y Universal and inalienable

y Interdependent and indivisible

y Equal and non-discriminatory

y Both Rights and Obligations



2

UNIVERSAL DECLARATIONOF HUMAN RIGHTS



Human Rights

y Before WWII

y Peace of Westphalia of 1648

y States have claimed that they can treat their citizens

as they wish

y After WWII

Human rights declarations and treaties, global and regional,have steadily appeared as international law.



UDHP

y UDHP was adopted by the UN General Assembly onDecember 10, 1948.

y UDHP was proclaimed as a ³common standard of

achievement for all peoples and all nations.´y Provides a common understanding of human rights

which is agreed upon by Member states.



Introduction

All human beings can only live free in a peaceful andfair world if their human rights and dignity are

respected.



Summary of UDHR

A rticles

W ords to Remember

Article 1 Dignity

Article 2 Equality

Article 3 Life

Article 4 Slavery

Article 5 Torture

Articles 6- 8 Law

Article 9 Prison

Articles 10-11 Justice

Article 12 Privacy

Article 13 Movement



A rticles W ords to Remember

Article 14 Refugees

Article 15 Nationality

Article 16 Marriage

Article 17 Property

Article 18 Religion

Article 19 Expression

Article 20 Assembly

Article 21 Democracy

Article 22 Social Security

Article 23 Work

Article 24 Rest

Article 25 Want



A rticles W ords to Remember

Article 26 Education

Article 27 Culture

Article 28 Peace

Article 29 Community

A rticle 30

³Nothing in this declaration may be interpreted as implying forany State, group or person any right to engage in any activity toperform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights setforth herein.´



3

Civil and Political Rights



Civil and Political Rights

y Civil RightsÙ Personal liberties that belong to an individual, owing to his or

her status as a citizen or resident of a particular country orcommunity.

y Political RightsÙ E ntail the power to participate directly or indirectly in the

establishment or administration of government, such as the right of citizenship, the right to vote, and the right to hold public office.



Civil Rights

Article 3 ± Right to life, liberty and personalsecurity

Article 4 ± Freedom from slavery

Article 5 ± Freedom from torture and degradingtreatment

Article 9 ± Freedom from arbitrary arrest and exile

Article 10 ± Right to a fair public hearing Article 11 ± Right to be considered innocent until

proven guilty



Civil Rights

y Article 12 ± Freedom from interference with privacy,family, home and correspondence

y Article 13 ± Right to free movement in and out of the

country y Article 16 ± Right to marriage and family

y Article 19 ± Freedom of opinion and information



Political Rights

y Article 14 ± Right to asylum in other countries frompersecution

y Article 20 ± Right of peaceful assembly and

associationy Article 21 ± Right to participate in government and

in free elections



International Covenant on Civil and PoliticalRights (ICCPR)

y The ICCPR was adopted by the United NationsGeneral Assembly on 16 December 1966. The ICCPR

was to take effect ten years later in all nations that

had become state parties. A sufficient number of states had become parties so the ICCPR took effectas planned in 1976. The ICCPR promotes universalrespect for and observance of, human rights and

freedoms.



Violations against Civil and Political Rights

y Culture of impunity

y Political repression

y torture



International Covenant on

Economic, Social and CulturalRights



The International Covenant on Economic, Social andCultural Rights (ICESCR) was supervised by theCommittee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

established by Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC) resolution 1985/17 of 28 May 1985



The International Covenant on Economic, Social

and Cultural Rights was adopted and opened forsignature, ratification and accession by General

Assembly resolution 2200 A (XXI) of 16 December1966.

After almost 20 years of drafting debates, it finally gained the force of law a decade later, entering intoforce on 3 January 1976.



A rticle 1: Self-determination

³people . . . freely determine their politicalstatus and freely pursue their economic, social

and cultural development

³All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising outof international economic co-operation . . .´

A rticle 2:Obligations of StateParties

"undertakes to take steps . . . by all appropriatemeans,including particularly the adoption of legislative measures"

"to [achieve] progressively the full realization of

the rights"

"to the maximum of its available resources"

"without discrimination"



A rticle 3: Equal Rightsfor Men and W omen

The States Parties to the present Covenantundertake to ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social

and cultural rights set forth in the presentCovenant.

A rticle 4 and 5:Limitations

³. . . , in the enjoyment of those rights provided by the State in conformity with the present Covenant,the State may subject such rights only to suchlimitations as are determined by law only in so faras this may be compatible with the nature of theserights and solely for the purpose of promoting thegeneral welfare in a democratic society. ³

³Nothing in the present Covenant may beinterpreted as implying for any State, group orperson any right to engage in any activity or toperform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights or freedoms recognized herein, or attheir limitation to a greater extent than is providedfor in the present Covenant. ³



A rticle 6: The Right to W ork

³ . . . includes the right of everyone to theopportunity to gain his living by work which hefreely chooses or accepts, and will take appropriatesteps to safeguard this right. ³

³ . . . shall include technical and vocationalguidance and training programmes, policies andtechniques to achieve steady economic, social andcultural development and full and productiveemployment under conditions safeguardingfundamental political and economic freedoms to

the individual. ³



A rticle 7: The Right toJust and FavorableConditions of W ork

(a) Remuneration which provides all workers, as aminimum, with:(i) Fair wages and equal remuneration for work of equal value without distinction of any kind, inparticular women being guaranteed conditions of work not inferior to those enjoyed by men, withequal pay for equal work;(ii) A decent living for themselves and their

families in accordance with the provisions of thepresent Covenant;(b) Safe and healthy working conditions;(c) Equal opportunity for everyone to be promotedin his employment to an appropriate higher level,subject to no considerations other than those of

seniority and competence;(d ) Rest, leisure and reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay, as well as remuneration for public holidays



A rticle 8: The Right toForm and Join Trade

Unions

³ The right of everyone to form trade unions and join the trade union of his choice´

³The right of trade unions to establish nationalfederations or confederations and the right of thelatter (people) to form or join international trade-union organizations.´

³The right of trade unions to function freely subject to no limitations other than thoseprescribed by law and which are necessary in ademocratic society . . .´

³The right to strike, provided that it is exercised in

conformity with the laws of the particularcountry.³

A rticle 9: The Right toSocial Security andSocial Insurance

The States Parties to the present Covenantrecognize the right of everyone to social security,including social insurance.



A rticle 10: Protectionand A ssistance for theFamily

³Special protection should be accorded to mothersduring a reasonable period before and afterchildbirth. During such period working mothersshould be accorded paid leave or leave withadequate social security benefits. ³

³Children and young persons should be protectedfrom economic and social exploitation . . . Statesshould also set age limits below which the paidemployment of child labour should be prohibited

and punishable by law.´

A rticle 11: The Right toan A dequate Standardof Living

³ . . . recognizing the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger. . .´

³To improve methods of production, conservationand distribution of food by making full use of technical and scientific knowledge´

³Taking into account the problems of both food-importing and food-exporting countries, to ensurean equitable distribution of world food supplies inrelation to need. ³



A rticle 12: The Right tothe Highest A ttainableStandard Of Physicaland Mental Health

(a)The provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate and of infant mortality and for the healthy development of the child;

(b) The improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene;

(c) The prevention, treatment and control of epidemic, endemic, occupational and otherdiseases;

(d) The creation of conditions which would assureto all medical service and medical attention in theevent of sickness.



A rticle 13 and 14: The

Right to Education

³They agree that education shall be directed to the

full development of the human personality and thesense of its dignity, and shall strengthen therespect for human rights and fundamentalfreedoms. They further agree that education shallenable all persons to participate effectively in afree society, promote understanding, toleranceand friendship among all nations and all racial,ethnic or religious groups, and further theactivities of the United Nations for themaintenance of peace. ³

³. . . respect for the liberty of parents and, whenapplicable, legal guardians to choose [school] fortheir children . . .´

³. . . the principle of compulsory education free of charge for all. ³



A rticle 15: The Right to

Culture and to Benefitfrom ScientificProgress

³The steps . . . shall include those necessary for the

conservation, the development and the diffusion of science and culture. ³

³. . . respect the freedom indispensable forscientific research and creative activity. ³

³ . . . the present Covenant recognize the benefitsto be derived from the encouragement anddevelopment of international contacts and co-operation in the scientific and cultural fields. ³

A rticle 16 - 25:Monitoring Functions

A ssigned to the UnitedNations Economic andSocial Council(ECOSOC)



5

The Convention on the

Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women



What is CEDAW?

y Also known as the International Bill of Rights for Women

y The only international treaty that comprehensively

addresses women¶s rights.y Features women¶s political, civic, economic, social

and cultural rights.



What is CEDAW?

y It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 18, 1979

y Philippines is a signatory to this Convention.

y It is consisted of a preamble and 30 articles whereinit defines discrimination against women.

y It aims to set up an agenda for national action to endgender discrimination.



Aims of CEDAW Source: UNIFEM CEDAW- Southeast Asia Programme

y To bring substantive equality of women

y To prohibit actions and policies that put women at adisadvantage whatever its intentions

y It recognizes the influence of culture and tradition onrestricting enjoyment of their rights

y Discards distinction between private & publicsphere, by recognizing violations of women in private

sphere



Preamble

³A ffirming that the strengthening of international peaceand security, the relaxation of international tension, mutual co-operation among all States irrespective of their social and economic systems, general and complete disarmament,

in particular nuclear disarmament under strict and effectiveinternational control, the affirmation of the principles of

justice, equality and mutual benefit in relations amongcountries and the realization of the right of peoples underalien and colonial domination and foreign occupation to

self-determination and independence, as well as respect fornational sovereignty and territorial integrity, will promotesocial progress and development and as a consequence will contribute to the attainment of full equality between menand women,´



Articles in CEDAW

1. Definition of discrimination

2. Policy measures to be undertaken to eliminatediscrimination

3. Guarantees basic human rights and fundamentalfreedoms on an equal basis with men

4. Temporary special measures to achieve equality

5. Sex roles and stereotyping



Articles in CEDAW

6. Prostitution

7. Political and public life

8. Participation in the international level

9. Nationality

10. Equal rights in education

11. Employment

12. Health care and family planning13. Economic and social benefits



Articles in CEDAW

14. Rural women

15. Equality before the law

16. Marriage and family law

17. ± 22. Establishment and Function of CEDAW

23. ± 30. Administration of the Convention



CEDAW & the Philippines

y Since Philippines is a signatory to the CEDAW, itcame up with laws that depict protection for women.

- RA 7877 ³Anti-Sexual Harrassment Act´

- RA 8353 ³Anti Rape Law´

- RA 8505 ³Rape Victim Assistance & Protection Act´

- RA 9208 ³Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act´

- RA 9262 ³Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act´



CEDAW & the Philippines

y Philippines also came up with ³WOMEN¶S DESKS´in partnership with Philippine National Police(PNP), Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD) and Department of Health(DOH) and other government offices.

y United Nations Security Council issued tworesolutions that uphold the rights of women.



UN Security Council

1. United Nations Resolution 1325

- adopted on October 31, 2000o ensure increased representation of women

o expand role of women in UN operationso actors to adopt a gender perspective in negotiation

processes

o armed conflicts should fully respect international lawsapplicable to protect women and girls



UN Security Council

1. United Nations Resolution 1820

- adopted on June 19, 2008o all parties in armed conflict should cease all acts of

sexual violence against civilians

o notes that rape and other forms of sexual violencecan constitute a war crime

o take the necessary measures to prevent and respondsexual violence

o stresses important role of Peace buildingcommission

o urges all actors to provide assistance to sexual violence victims



6

CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTSOF THE CHILD



Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)

y was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989and entered into force in September 1990.

y is a significant document because it recognizes for the

first time the children·s rights as a distinct human rightscategory that should be protected and promoted.

ARTICLE 16 Privacy honor andARTICLE 1 Definition of Child



ARTICLE 16 Privacy, honor and

reputation

ARTICLE 17 Access to information and

media

ARTICLE 18 Parental responsibility

ARTICLE 19 Abuse and neglect (while in

family or [other] care)

ARTICLE 20 Alternative care for

children in the absence of

parents

ARTICLE 21 Adoption

ARTICLE 22 Refugee children

ARTICLE 23 Disabled children

ARTICLE 24 Health care

ARTICLE 25 Periodic review

ARTICLE 26 Social security

ARTICLE 27 Standard of living

ARTICLE 28 Education

ARTICLE 29 Aims of education

ARTICLE 30 Children of minorities andindigenous children

ARTICLE 1 Definition of Child

ARTICLE 2 Non-Discrimination

ARTICLE 3 Best interests of the child

ARTICLE 4 Implementation of rights

ARTICLE 5 Parents, family,

community, rights

and responsibilities

ARTICLE 6 Life, survival and

development

ARTICLE 7 Name and nationality

ARTICLE 8 Preservation of identity

ARTICLE 9 Non-separation from

parents

ARTICLE 10 Family reunification

ARTICLE 11 Illicit transfer and non-

return of children

ARTICLE 12 Expression of opinion

ARTICLE 13 Freedom of expression

and information

ARTICLE 14 Freedom of thought,

conscience and

religion

ARTICLE 15 Freedom of association



ARTICLE 31 Play and recreation

ARTICLE 32 Protection from economic exploitation

ARTICLE 33 Protection from narcotic and psychotropicsubstances

ARTICLE 34 Protection from sexual exploitation

ARTICLE 35 Protection from abduction, sale and traffic

ARTICLE 36 Protection from other forms of exploitation

ARTICLE 37 Protection from torture, capital punishment,,

deprivation of liberty

ARTICLE 38 Protection against armed conflicts

ARTICLE 39 Recovery and reintegration

ARTICLE 40 Juvenile justice

ARTICLE 41 Rights of the child in other instruments

ARTICLE 42 Dissemination of the Convention

ARTICLES 43-54 Implementation

The 54 artic es of the CRC describe 4



The 54 artic es of the CRC describe 4categories of rights:

1. Survival rights cover a child·s right to life andthe needs that are most basic to existence. It

starts from the time of conception. Upon birth,every child should enjoy the basic right to healthand nutrition.



yProtection rights recognizes the vulnerability of children by preserving their identity and nationality aswell as providing safeguards against abuse, neglect,

child labor, drug abuse, sexual exploitation, sale andtrafficking, torture and deprivation of liberty and armedconflict.



yParticipation rights allow children to take anactive role in their communities and nations.

Castro, Loreta, and Galace, Jasmin. Peace Education: A Pathway To A Culture Of Peace. Quezon City: Centerfor Peace Education, Miriam College, 2008.



RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITES

y We expect our rights to be respected, protected andpromoted but we should also bear the correspondingresponsibilites.

y

We cannot think only of our own right whiledisregarding the rights of others

y When we exercise our rights we must be careful innot violation or denying the rights of other people

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