•About 75 % people in India are living in rural areas and are still dependent on Agriculture.

•About 43% of India’s geographical area is used for agricultural activity.

Agriculture Sector is changing the socio-economic environments of the population due to liberalization and globalization.

PROBLEMS WITH INDIAN AGRICULTURE

Improper

Warehouses

Lack of Grading

and Standardi

zation

Inadequate

Transport

Facilities

Proper facilities

for storing

his goods.

Adequate and cheap

transport facilities

Clear informati

on regardin

g the market

conditions

Warehouses should be constructed on a large scale mostly in order to preserve ones goods or stocks in conditions of adverse situations such as those of drought and famine or any other natural calamity that can destroy their lands.

Cheap transport facilities should be facilitated by the Government in order to dispose it to the local market especially in urban areas where there is a greater scope to expand one’s production statistics ; rather than just selling it amongst landlords or zameendars at low prices.

The farmer should have a very precise information regarding the market conditions especially when the market conditions are in a period of recession . He should anticipate as to when the prices of his produce would hike up or come down according to his sale in the market.

It’s the dawn of Machines ! It’s our responsibility as Engineers and fore mostly as citizens of India to make our farmersaware of the latest technologies in Agriculture Sector.

The country has witnessed unprecedented growth in agriculture which has helped India to graduate from hunger to self sufficiency in food grains by increasing the food grain production from 51 million tonnes to 208 million tonnes, with surplus for export.

AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

INTENSIVE AGRICULT

URE

EXTENSIVE AGRICULT

URE

USE OF

HERBICIES

USE OF NATURA

L PESTICI

DES

USE OF MACHINIE

RY FOR MECHANI

CAL HARVEST

Government of India has provided many input subsidies to overcome the financial problems of the farmers by introducing the following policies:-

•Domestic subsidies to inputs, outputs, transportation, storage, and consumption to reduce producer costs and consumer prices.

•Border measures such as subsidies, tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff measures to protect domestic producers from import competition, manage domestic price levels, and guarantee domestic supply.

Human resources constitute the most critical inputs relying on the use of science and technology for development. Agriculture being the backbone of Indian economy, the human resource needs to meet various activities related to agricultural development which is critical to attain country’s goals towards rural development.

HUMAN RESOURCES

SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

ECONOMICS IN

AGRICULTURE

SOCIAL CHALLENGE:-

• Exploding population

1.08 bn.

• Poverty

• Illiteracy

•Urban congestion

•Wounded ecosystem

•Critical power and

energy system

•Water and food shortage

•Ruptures and cleava-

ge based on relegion and language

CHALLENGES TO BE FACED

POLITICAL CHALLENGE:•Immigration reforms•Tax reforms in political level• Food safety•Foreign trade agreements•The federal budget•Exploatation in this field by the political leaders

ECONOMIC CHALLENGE:-•Pressure of population on land

• Skewed distribution of operational holdings• Increase of food consumption in 2025 more than 50%•Providing basic technology to farmers• Due to urbanization many people are moving back from agriculture.

• Green revolution: 1967 to 1978. a record grain output of 131 million tons in 1978-79.World's biggest agricultural producers. And exporter of food grains today 212.0 million tonnes.

• Economic: greater need for water, fertilizer, pesticides, fungicides etc. spurred growth of manufacturing sector, created new jobs, increased country's GDP.

• Increased irrigation created need for new dams, used to create hydro-electric power. boosted industrial growth, created jobs and improved quality of life of rural people.

• India paid back all World Bank loans for Green Revolution. improved India's creditworthiness.

• India supplied Canada with farmers experienced in Green Revolution. Their remittances added to our foreign exchange earnings.

• Sociological: created jobs for agricultural and industrial workers thru creation of factories and hydro-electric power stations

• Political: India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter of food. This earned admiration for India in the comity of nations, especially in the Third World.

Agriculture is our best hope to foster and boost the G.D.P and create a balance between thehaves and the have-nots !.

APPENDIX

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