i

KEBIJAKAN LOW CARBON GREEN GROWTHDI KOREA SELATAN :

SEBUAH TINJAUAN POLITIK HIJAU

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

SUCI FITRI FEBRIANTI

201410360311108

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

ii

iii

iv

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena berkat

Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya penulis berhasil merampungkan skripsi ini, dengan

harapan dapat menjadi salah satu bentuk dedikasi penulis dalam memperkaya

keilmuan Hubungan Internasional. Shalawat serta salam yang senantiasa

tercurahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW.

Penulisan skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat

memperoleh gelar sarjanastrata 1 (S-1) pada Program Studi Hubungan

Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang, dengan judul skripsi “Kebijakan Low Carbon Green Growth di Korea

Selatan : Sebuah Tinjauan Politik Hijau”. Dalam proses penulisan skripsi ini,

penulis menyadari akan keterbatasan-keterbatasan yang dimiliki baik dari segi

pengetahuan serta keterbatasan teknis. Untuk itu saran dan kritik yang

membangun sangat diharapkan dalam penyempurnaan skripsi ini.

Semoga hasil penelitian ini dapat berguna, khususnya untuk mahasiswa

Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Muhammdiyah Malang lainnya. Atas

terselesaikannya skripsi ini penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :

1. Bapak Drs. H. Ahmad Fauzan, MPd selaku rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah,

beserta seluruh jajaran Pembantu Rektor dan seluruh Staff Rektorat UMM.

2. Bapak Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M,Si selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu

Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Beserta Pembantu Dekan I, II dan

III.

v

3. Bapak Syaprin Zahidi, M.A selaku ketua Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan

Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang.

4. Bapak Dion Maulana Prasetya, M.Hub.Int selaku pembimbing I dan Bapak

Tonny Dian Effendi, M.Si, M.Soc.Sc selaku pembimbing II yang telah membantu

dan membimbing penulis sehingga berhasil menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

5. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu

Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Malang, 4 Juli 2018

Penulis,

Suci Fitri Febrianti

vi

DAFTAR ISI

SAMPUL DALAM ...................................................................................... i

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ................................................. v

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ............................................................... vi

ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. vii

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ viii

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................. ix

LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN ....................................................................... xi

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ xvi

BAB I .......................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 6

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................... 6

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................... 6

1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................... 6

1.3.2.1 Manfaat Akademis ................................................................ 6

1.3.2.2 Manfaat Praktis ................................................................... 7

1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................... 7

1.5 Kerangka Teori .................................................................................. 20

1.6 Metodologi Penelitian ........................................................................ 26

1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian ........................................................................... 26

1.6.2 Metode Analisis ......................................................................... 27

1.6.3 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .......................................................... 27

1.6.3.1 Batasan Waktu .................................................................... 27

1.6.3.2 Batasan Materi .................................................................... 27

1.6.3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................................................. 28

vii

1.7 Argumen Pokok ................................................................................. 29

1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................ 30

1.9 Tabel Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................. 31

BAB II ............................................................................................................ 33

KONSEP GREEN GROWTH DAN KEBIJAKAN LOW CARBON GREEN

GROWTH KOREA SELATAN ................................................................... 33

2.1 Green Growth .................................................................................... 33

2.1.1 Konsep Green Growth ................................................................. 33

2.1.2 Indikator Green Growth Menurut OECD .................................... 37

2.1.2.1 Produktivitas lingkungan dan sumber daya ekonomi ............ 37

2.1.2.2 Basis Aset Alami ................................................................ 41

2.1.2.3 Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup ................................................ 44

2.1.2.4 Peluang dan Tanggapan Kebijakan Ekonomi ...................... 46

2.2 Kebijakan Low Carbon Green Growth Korea Selatan ........................ 49

2.2.1 Kerangka Kerja Undang-undang Low Carbon Green Growth ..... 49

2.2.2 Low Carbon Green Growth Mid-Term dan Long-Term .............. 55

2.3 Alasan Korea Selatan Mengimplementasikan Kebijakan Low Carbon

Green Growth .......................................................................................... 57

2.3.1 Perubahan Iklim dan Kemandirian Energi Negara ...................... 58

2.3.2 Menciptakan Mesin Pertumbuhan Baru ...................................... 59

2.3.3 Meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat ................................... 60

BAB III ........................................................................................................ 63

KEBIJAKAN LOW CARBON GREEN GROWTH KOREA SELATAN

DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI HIJAU ....................................................... 63

3.1 Penerapan Nilai-nilai Politik Hijau dalam Kebijakan Low Carbon Green

Growth Korea Selatan ............................................................................. 64

3.1.1 Desentralisasi ............................................................................. 64

3.1.2 Demokrasi Akar Rumput ............................................................ 72

3.1.2.1 Kota Metropolitan Seoul ..................................................... 74

3.1.2.2 Kota Metropolitan Busan .................................................... 80

3.1.2.3 Kota Metropolitan Gwangju ................................................ 85

viii

3.1.2.4 Kota Metropolitan Incheon ................................................. 90

BAB IV ....................................................................................................... 99

PENUTUP ................................................................................................... 99

4.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 99

4.2 Saran ................................................................................................. 100

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 101

ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1 : Peta Provinsi dan Kota Metropolitan di Korea Selatan................. 67

Gambar 2 : Nama karakter One Less Nuclear Power Plant adalah Donggeuri,

seorang malaikat matahari. Lambang ini memiliki wajah warga Seoul, yang

menyimpan serta menciptakan energi .............................................................. 75

Gambar 3 : Kampanye One Less Nuclear Power Plant mengambil pendekatan

multi-aspek, yang terdiri dari 71 proyek spesifik dalam 6 kategori kebijakan, yang

dapat dikategorikan ulang dalam 10 rencana aksi utama ................................. 76

Gambar 4 : Sistem pemerintahan untuk pengoperasian sistem bank karbon .... 89

Gambar 5: Green Card Gwangju ...................................................................... 90

Gambar 6 :Bangunan di daerah Songdo Incheon yang hilang dalam debu halus

............................................................................................................................ 92

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 :Penelitian Terdahulu ....................................................................... 18

Tabel 1.2 : Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................... 31

Tabel 3.1 : Nilai Desentralisasi dan Demokrasi Akar Rumput Pada Kebijakan

Low Carbon Green Growth Korea Selatan .........................................................96

xi

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