1. KAIST EEWS CCS 2011.05.11

2. 1. CCS, ? 2. CCS, ? 3. ? 4. CCS, ? 5. ? 1

3. = = 2

4. / / GDP / /CO2 CO2 / CO2/ Economic Model GDP Energy System Model 1 1 CO2 Control Model CO2 CO2/ CO2 CO2 3

5. CCS? * CCS: Carbon Capture & Sequestration CO2 CO2 , , CO2 Capture CO2 , CO2 Transportation CO2 / / CO2 CO2 Sequestration 4

6. CO2 ( 10 80% CO2, 1) : American Electric Power 5

7. CO2 : American Electric Power 6

8. CO2 CO2 (injection well) : American Electric Power 7

9. CCS 2030 2 , CCS CO2 (IEA: CCS 19%) I& S C&R C&R P CCS CO2 19% I&S P P C (6) P P P (5) C P P C&R C P C C P C I& S C&R I&S P (11) P 6CO2 P P P P P C&R (9) P (2) C C&R P C&R P C&R P I& S P C I& S P P ) : CO2, : P: Power Plant C: Cement I&S: Iron & Steel C&R: Chemical & Refineries : OECD/IEA, CCS Technology Roadmap, 2009 P P 8

10. CO2 CCS (05 -4%, 09.11) CCS 813 1 2 3 BAU (: tCO2eq.) 642 594 590 569 298 1990 2005 2020 BAU 05 1 - 21% (1.71tCO2) +8% 2 - 27% (2.23tCO2) -30% (2.44tCO2) -4% 3 () , LED / / , CCS CCS 9

11. False Hope Why CCS wont save the climate 1. CCS cannot deliver in time to avoid dangerous climate change. 2030 CCS , 2015 CO2 10~40% CCS CCS 2. CCS waste energy. 3. Storing carbon underground is risky. 2008.5 . CO2 CCS 2 , 21~91% 4. CCS is expensive. 5. CCS carries significant liability risks. It poses a threat to health, ecosystems and the climate. CO2 , , , Accelerate Cut Costs Low-energy CCS Public Understanding 10

12. 1. CCS, ? 2. CCS, ? 3. ? 4. CCS, ? 5. ? 11

13. CCS IEA , CCS 18(15) 100 (2020) 850 (2030) 2,100 (2040) 3,400 (2050) . CCS CCS CCS CCS : OECD/IEA, CCS Technology Roadmap, 2009 12

14. CO2 13

15. In Salah (1Mt/year CO2) 14

16. [] CCS Concept Lab Testing Demonstration Commercial refinement CO2 Commercial CCS CO2-EOR MOFs Chemical looping CO2-EGR / CO2 : , Carbon Capture & Storage: Assessing the Economics, 2008 () 15

17. CCS , CCS 2015 60~90 2020 35~50, 2030 30~45 1 CO2 25-32 2 CO2 4-6 3 CO2 CCS 4-12 35-50 : & 16

18. CCS CCS CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 Hydromethanation CO2 (air capture of CO2) 17

19. 1. CCS, ? 2. CCS, ? 3. ? 4. CCS, ? 5. ? 18

20. CCS , G8 CCS DOE NETL CCS Roadmap 20 CO2CRC CCS CO2 (EU R&D RITE Zero Emission Power Plant 2012 CCS 09 GCCSI Platform ) 10% CCS CCS 4,200 20 CCS 24 CCS /tCO2 2,000 /CO2 CO2 /tCO2 (15) 1,000 15 15 , 30 ( /tCO2(20) 80-120 CCS 30-45%) Cool Earth Japan G8 Summit 2010 20 CCS 19

21. [] CCS , , CCS . 500 CCS , CCS - 20

22. NETL CCS : National Energy Technology Lab. July 2010 21

23. CCS CCS CO2 CO2 R&D CCS CO2 CO2() CO2 3 10-20$ CO2 MOFs 2 40-60$ 1 60-90$ (, MEA) 1990 2000 K2CO3 KS-1() ITM 2010 2020 22

24. 2020 CO2 (To make CCS commercially viable by 2020) Large scale integrated demonstration = ZEP flagship programme (10-12) Research & technology development = next generation technology CO2 infrastructure = pan European network issues Public communication = major awareness campaign Regulatory framework = long-term safe reliable storage Fiscal framework = short-term incentives and long-term investment structure EU ETS = inclusion of CCS in emission trading schemes International collaboration = engagement of china and india 19 ,,NGO 200 : E.ON, Endesa, Enel, Energi E2, RWE, Vattenfall : Ansaldo, ALSTOM, Air Liquide, Foster Wheeler, Doosan Babcock, Siemens /: BP, Shell, Statoil, Total, Schlumberger : BGS, CIRCE, IFP, Polish CMI, GEUS, TU-Hamburg NGOs: Bellona, Climate Action Network Europe, WWF : Morgan Stanley 23

25. 1. CCS, ? 2. CCS, ? 3. ? 4. CCS, ? 5. ? 24

26. CCS 08 CCS R&D 58, 231 R&D 6% . 2050 CCS CO2 20% R&D 6.0% 2.1% CCS R&D 16000 14000 12000 12.9% 33.7% 08 6,910 17.1% 10000 (:) 8000 6000 4000 2000 28.2% : 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 : R&D DB 25

27. CDRS CCS 1 (02-04) R&D 2 (05-07) 3 (08-11) CO2 CO2 CO2 / CO2 2CO2 CO2 R&D CCS R&D CO2 Lab CO2 Lab (, ) CO2 CO2, (PVSA, ITM) CO2 CO2 2 CO2 (2000Nm3/hr) CO2 CO2 (100Nm3/hr) CO2 MOF, CO2 PVSA (7tO2/) ITM ITM (0.1/) CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 (CO2 ) CO2 CO2 CO2 26

28. CDRS CCS CCS ( 500 ) CO2 Scaleup 27

29. CCS R&D Capture CO2- , IEA CCS CCS MOFs K2CO2 ITMs 1 2 0.5MW CCS 3 CCS 2020 CDRS Capture Only Storage RISK () CO2 () () CO2 Breakthrough ( ) CO2 Storage Only CO2 Storage 28

30. CCS R&D CCS R&D ( CCS ) CCS R&D , CO2- CCS Flagship , CCS CCS Public Acceptance 29

31. R&D CCS CCS R&D , CCS 27 R&D 12 08 2 CCS ($10/t-CO2) '20 CO2 17 CCS 9 30 $10/t-CO2 R&D CO2 36 12 R&D 08 2 30

32. SWOT CCS (breakthrough) R&D - CCS Post- CO2 () CCS CDM , EU , , (CO2 ) CDRS CCS 10 R&D CCS R&D CO2 CCS CCS R&D CCS CO2 CO2 () CCS CCS R&D SO WO ST WT CDM CO2 - Win-Win Breakthrough 31

33. 1. CCS, ? 2. CCS, ? 3. ? 4. CCS, ? 5. ? 32

34. CCS 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2005 CCS 2008 , G8 Summit 2008 CCS CDM 2009 CO2 2012 POST- :2005 17% , : 2005 15% , : 1990 20% , : 20005-15% 2005 CCS (DOE) 2015 CO2 $10/tCO2 2015 CO2 2,000/tCO2 CO2 1,000/tCO2 2020 35~50/tCO2 CO2 2030 CO2 2,000~6,000/tCO2 2030 CO2 30-45/tCO2 2030 80~120 CCS 2009 CCS(GCCSI) 2020 20 CCS 33

35. CCS CO2 I&S C&R C&R P I&S P P P P C&R P C P 50 CO2-free C C P C I&S P (11) CO2 P (5) C P C&R C (6) I&S P P P P P P (2) C C&R P C&R C&R (9) P P C&R P I&S P C I&S P CO2 CO2 15% CO2 P ) P P : CO2, : P: Power Plant C: Cement I&S: Iron & Steel C&R: Chemical & Refineries 34

36. CCS (proof of concept) ( 1/1000) , down stream (demonstration project) > CDRS (2002-2011) (CCS) 0.5MW ( 1/1000) 10MW ( 1/50) 300-500 MW ( ) 1 10CO2/ 100/ 35

37. CCS R&D (Deployment) CDM 20,000Nm3 CO2 CCS 2020 CCS () 2,000Nm3 CO2- CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CDRS (CCS) CCS CO2 CO2 (100 Nm3) ( Proof of Concept) (2,000Nm3) ( Demonstration) (20,000Nm3) 36

38. 21 CCS R&D 21C (CDRS) 2000 CCS 2020 2010 ? 2020 2030 10-20$ CO2 CO2 20-60$ 60-90$ 3 2 (1 CO2 ) CO2- () () CO2 CO2 () CO2 CO2 chemistry, CO2 Genomics, , 37

39. CCS 2020 tCO2 10$ CO2 CO2 1 CCS (KPls) - 2020 US$10/tCO2 CO2, US$10/tCO2 - CO2- CO2 - CO2 2 2020 CO2 - 2 CO2(, ) (2011 CO2 60$) - 3 CO2 (CO2 10$) CO2 - CO2 - , , - CO2 (, ) - CO2 CO2 - CO2 - CO2 38

40. CCS 4 ( ) CCS (3L Capture Project) CO2 - (CapStorINTEG Project) CO2 (Carbon Gold Project) CCS R&D (CCSinfra Project) 3 3L(low energy, low cost, low risk) CO2 (20-20, 2020 20$) CO2 CO2 NBIT CO2 -- CO2- CO2 CO2 Black Gold CO2 CO2 CO2 CCS R&D /IPR/R&D CCS/Intelligence Analysis 39

41. CO2 R&D CO2 10 US$ 40

42. CO2 SCI 25% R&D ( 10) TS=("CO2 capture" or "carbon dioxide capture" or "carbon dioxide separation" or "CO2 separation") (WoS, 91~08) CAGR=43.9% CAGR=1.5% CO2 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 USA CANADA JAPAN PEOPLES R CHINA ENGLAND NORWAY SPAIN ITALY SWEDEN SOUTH KOREA NETHERLANDS AUSTRALIA FRANCE GERMANY SWITZERLAND SINGAPORE GREECE AUSTRIA POLAND BELGIUM 235 24.1% 122 12.5% 82 8.4% 67 6.9% 65 6.7% 55 5.6% 54 5.5% 50 5.1% 50 5.1% 44 4.5% 41 4.2% 39 4.0% 28 2.9% 25 2.6% 15 1.5% 13 1.3% 8 0.8% 7 0.7% 7 0.7% 6 0.6% 41

43. CO2 : CO2 10-20US$ MOFs N2 ca. 98~99% CO2 (max. 88% at 1 stage) Hollow fiber Compact N2 CO2 For flue gases (example) CO2 15% N2 85% 42

44. CO2 43

45. CO2 CO2 4 CO2 (WoS, 91~08) CAGR=19.6% 44

46. CO2 Ashkelon desalination plant 40,000 spiral-wound RO membrane modules (Dow Filmtec ) 1.5 million m2 membrane area Target Performance 45

47. , CO2 TR Membrane CO2 (TR membrane) Science, 318, 254-258 (Oct. 12 2007) Novel polymer materials tuned for fast, selective transport of CO2 3-5 CO2 (permeability): 500 N2 ca. 98~99% CO2 (max. 88% at 1 stage) N2 CO2 3.3 For flue gases (example) CO2 15% N2 85% 3.64 46

48. CO2 CO2 . 20 CAGR=25.3% CAGR=1.5% CO2 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 USA JAPAN CANADA ENGLAND FRANCE NORWAY NETHERLANDS GERMANY AUSTRALIA POLAND SCOTLAND ITALY SWEDEN TURKEY DENMARK PEOPLES R CHINA SWITZERLAND BELGIUM FINLAND SOUTH KOREA 132 40.4% 46 14.1% 39 11.9% 31 9.5% 27 8.3% 22 6.7% 21 6.4% 20 6.1% 12 3.7% 6 1.8% 6 1.8% 5 1.5% 5 1.5% 5 1.5% 4 1.2% 4 1.2% 4 1.2% 3 0.9% 3 0.9% 3 0.9% 47

49. CO2 Science CO2 Enhanced open ocean storage of CO2 from shelf sea pumping (2004, Science) Carbon cycle potential impacts of CO2 injection on deep-sea biota (2001, Science) Minimizing effects of CO2 storage in oceans (2002, Science) Aquifer disposal of CO2 Hydrodynamic and mineral trapping (1994, ) 48

50. CO2 - CO2() CO2, CO2 CCS CO2 GS KEPRI KIER/ KC CO2 CO2 / / CO2 / CO2-- // GS CO2- 49

51. CO2 Carbon Gold Technology CO2 . CO2 () TiO2 () CH4 + O2 CuO2 CO2 CO , TiO2 H2O() , CO2 , CH4( ) . . Craig Grimes 1,100 ft2 132 50

52. CO2 Carbon Gold Technology Carbon Gold Chemistry () Carbon Gold Biotechnology () ( ) 51

53. CCS Competitive Technology Intelligence Analysis Technology Evaluation International Collaboration Public Acceptance 52

54. CCS (IEA) 2012 CCS , 2020 CCS IPCC 2006 Inventory Guidelines: CCS Accounting , , London Protocol (96, 03): CO2 , CO2 , OSPAR Treaty: CO2 EU CCS Directive (09): IPCC GHG OSPAR . , , , . EU ETS Directive (09): 13 CCS ETS National & Regional Regal & Regulatory Dev. (, , ) 53

55. Public Acceptance, Public Awareness, Public Understanding 54

56. 2020 CCS CCS CCS 10 CCS 2030 100 CCS CCS CCS 55

57. R&D MOT () NRL KOREA CCS 2020 10 2 21 KAIST KAIST : 010-2382-0606 E-mail: hjh@tenopa.co.kr 56

58. , R&D 57

59. . 58