l14s30 - digital control protocol update bacnet dali zigbee (90 minute)

Digital Control Protocol Update: DALI, BACnet, ZigBee

Thursday, June 5 8:30 AM - 10:00 AM

Session Code: L14S30 Rick Miller, Ethan Biery,

Pete Baselici, Tobin Richardson

BACnet Pete Baselici

Hubbell Building Automation

ZigBee Light Link Tobin Richardson ZigBee Alliance

DALI Ethan Biery

Lutron Electronics

Moderator Rick Miller

RNM Engineering, Inc.

Learning Objectives

Learn about industry standard protocols

Explore the application of lighting control profiles

Compare control profiles of standard protocols

Contrast BACnet, DALI, and ZigBee protocols to determine appropriate use cases

Protocol: Definition

In computer science, a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices, such as computers. In order for computers to exchange information, there must be a preexisting agreement as to how the information will be structured and how each side will send and receive it. Without a protocol, a transmitting computer, for example, could be sending its data in 8-bit packets while the receiving computer might expect the data in 16-bit packets. Protocols are established by international or industry-wide organizations. (Concise Encyclopedia)

IESNA TM-23-11: Lighting Control Protocols

TM-23-11 describes 16 open digital protocols used for lighting control

TM-23 also mentions dimming, topologies, media and connections

TM-23 is currently being updated

Lighting Control Protocols

TM-23-11

Todays Focus

DALI

BACnet

ZigBee

Not covered:

DMX Theatrical

EnOcean Licensed

0-10VDC Not digital

Industry mark (DALI-AG, BTL, ZigBee Alliance) on a product

Vertical and Horizontal Communication

Low-voltage keypad

Fluorescent Ballast

Emergency Lighting

LED Driver

Lighting Control System Headend

Building Management

System

LCS User Interface

Gateway: Protocol

Converter

Gateway: Protocol

Converter

Low-voltage keypad

Fluorescent Ballast

Emergency Lighting

LED Driver

Horizontal Communication (wired or wireless)

Ver

tica

l Co

mm

un

icat

ion

(B

ackb

on

e)

Horizontal Communication (wired or wireless)

Horizontal Communication

Todays discussion is about lighting control protocols used in horizontal communication

That is the portion of the lighting control system that talks to the luminaires and the lighting control sensors

May be wired or wireless

Simple to the Complex

DALI is the simplest of the digital protocols; because it is wired, it talks to only the devices that are connected to the wire

BACnet is generally wired but may be wireless; its protocol structure is more complex than DALI

ZigBee is the most complex because it is a full wireless mesh network (every device talks to every other device)

DALI Ethan Biery

Lutron Electronics

What is DALI?

An acronym

Digital

Addressable

Lighting

Interface

A 2-wire digital control protocol used for communicating with lighting loads (ballasts, LED drivers, etc.)

An open, international communications standard administered by the IEC

A brand administered by the DALI-AG group

The DALI mark, owned by DALI-AG

History of DALI: The Early Years

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

1992: Developed by Tridonic, an independent manufacturer

2000: First publicized as IEC-60929 (electronic ballasts) in Annex E4 Control by digital signals

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

History of DALI: The Teenage Years

2002: NEMA starts work on a digital controls protocol

2004: NEMA controls protocol published as NEMA-243, but not as a standard

2005: Digital standard removed from IEC-60929, new standard IEC-62386 created

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

History of DALI: Coming of Age

2009: Publication of Edition 1.0 of Parts 101, 102, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208

2011: Publication of Edition 1.0 of Parts 209, 210

Structure of DALI (today)

Basic System (IEC 62386, Part 101)

Control Gear (Part 102)

LED (Part 207)

Emergency Operation (Part 202)

Color Control (Part 209)

Sequencer (Part 210)

DC

Voltage (Part 206)

Incan-

descent (Part 205)

Low

Voltage (Part 204)

HID (Part 202)

Fluor-

escent (Part 201)

DALI System Architecture

Originally described in IEC-60929 Annex E, now described in IEC-62386 Part 102

2-byte protocol Only one control master talks Ballasts operate as slave only: listen unless polled for

feedback Collisions not anticipated, so collision

detection/avoidance not implemented

System gets addressed by the Controller as part of setup

Low-voltage DALI Controller

Load Load Load

Legend:

primary flow of information

DALI Link

To optional higher-level

control system

DALI System Architecture (now)

Now described in IEC-62386 Parts 201,202,...,210 2-byte protocol Control gear primarily listens, unless polled for

feedback For more information:

http://www.dali-ag.org/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/news-service/brochures/DALI_Manual_engl.pdf

Low-voltage keypad

Fluorescent Ballast

DALI Link

Emergency Lighting

HID Ballast

Low Voltage Lighting

DC Lighting

LED Drivers

Switches

Legend:


Color Control

Sequencer

DALI System Architecture (next: DALI 2.0)

Multiple control (masters) talk; ballasts only listen, unless polled for feedback

collisions anticipated, some collision detection/avoidance implemented

3-byte protocol

Now described in IEC-62386 Part 103 (still draft stage)

Low-voltage keypad

Ballast

DALI Link

LED Driver

Legend:


Low-voltage keypad

Sophisticated Sensor

DALI Wiring

Low voltage (9-22V max), low current (250mA max)

NOT SELV, but isolated from mains

Polarity insensitive

Wire in any configuration: daisy chain, star, T-tap, etc.

Power wires are independent of control wires

64 Load devices per link

DALI Controller

Hot Neutral Hot Neutral

D1 D2

To additional Loads

(max 64 total), 300m max length

DALI Load DALI Load

250mA max.

2mA max.

DALI Gateways

DALI by definition is designed for a small area and limited number of loads

To connect multiple DALI links, or connect to higher-level BMS systems, protocol gateways are used

Protocols may be standard (TCP/IP) or proprietary, and may enable remote Internet access

Load Load Load

DALI Link

DALI Controller To BMS

System

DALI Protocol Format Transmit Packet:

Response Packet: Low value: -4.5 to +4.5VDC High value: +9.5 to +22.5VDC 1200 bits/second (throughput), Manchester encoded (robust) Bi-directional, simplex, shared bus 2 (or soon 3) bytes per message Loads only speak after being spoken to No authentication, no encryption

Start Bit

Address Data Stop Bits

Y A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 S D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

15.83mS

Start Bit

Data Stop Bits

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

9.17mS

DALI Commands

Addressing modes

Broadcast (all)

Group (programmable subset)

Individual

Examples of typical commands

Fade to level at particular time/rate

Raise/lower

Select scene

Query lamp/ballast/driver/load status

Go to color (RGB, x/y, CCT)

Many more

DALI Standardized Light Level

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

% M

eas

ure

d L

igh

t Le

vel

DALI Light Level

Steps sized so that perceived light level changes are equal for each step change in DALI Light Level

Different types of loads are designed to dim to different low ends, so they may not make use of the full DALI Light Level scale

DALI Load A (0.1% low end)

DALI Load B (10% low end)

DALI Advantages

Bi-directional get status of fixtures

Flexible handles multiple load types

Mature proven market need

Robust reliable and hard to miswire

Cost effective relatively low-cost hardware and installation

DALI Disadvantages

Requires wires not usually present for retrofit

Typically needs some commissioning

No guarantee of interoperability; no centralized certification body

Manufacturer-specific features/extensions

No single point of contact for system assurance

More complex to design

DALI Typical Applications

Open offices

Conference rooms

Retail

Future of DALI

The formal organization of DALI (DALI-AG) has restructured in 2013 to focus on growing market adoption of the DALI brand

There is widespread feeling that the DALI mark has become less meaningful, due to slow standards development and interoperability problems

DALI-AG helps provide input to the ongoing development of the IEC standard

Basic System (Part 101, Edition 2.0)

Control Device (Part 103)

Buttons

and

Switches

(Part 301)

Rotaries

and

Sliders

(Part 302)

Presence

and

Absence

Detector

(Part 303)

Light

Level

Sensor

(Part 304)

Color

Sensor

(Part 305)

Control Gear (Part 102)

Fluorescent (Part 201)

HID (Part 203)

LED (Part 207)

Color Control (Part 209) Master Devices (Multi-master)

Emergency (Part 202)

Slave Devices

DALI Licensing

Currently, dues-paying DALI-AG members can use the logo on their self-certified compliant products:

Non-members can pay a fee to use the mark

Soon, only products certified for compliance by DALI-AG will be able to use a DALI mark

Expected by the next release of the IEC standard

DALI-AG may audit products to ensure compliance

BACnet Pete Baselici

Hubbell Building Automation

Background

Supported and administered by ASHRAE

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-2013

ISO 1648-5 Global standard

National standard in over 30 countries

Continuance maintenance, consensus driven

Open standard, no royalty or fees

Open source stack available on SourceForge

ASHRAE sells the book

Origin June 1987

First published 1995

728+ Vendor IDs issued to manufactureres

Building Automation Control network

Conceived, Developed, and Deployed for the control of buildings

www.bacnet.org

What is a Protocol Anyway?

BACnet is a set of rules

Organization and structure of data messaging

Transmission parameters

Purposed for control and monitoring

Physical media for BACnet messaging (needs to match)

Ethernet

Ethernet TCP/IP (BACnet IP)

BACnet MS/TP (RS-485)

ARCNET (RS-485)

LonWorks

Point to Point (PTP)

ZigBee (wireless)

Real World Applications

BACnet IP

Enterprise level

BACnet MS/TP

Wired field bus level

ZigBee

Wireless field bus

BACnet BAS System Architecture

BACnet IP

Dedicated BAS LAN OR Building Enterprise LAN/WAN

Wired Sensors, Actuators, I/O Devices

Building Control

Unit

BAS User

Workstation

Access Control Panel

Lighting Control Panel

Fire Alarm Panel Building

Control Unit




BACnet MS/TP Field Bus

Sensors & Switches

Field Bus


BACnet IP


Wireless Sensors, Actuators, I/O Devices

Building Control

Unit

BAS User

Workstation




Control Unit




ZigBee Wireless Field Bus


Sensors & Switches


BACnet IP


DALI Ballasts, 64 max. per field bus Building Control

Unit

BAS User

Workstation




Control Unit




DALI Gateway


Sensors & Switches


BACnet IP


LonWorks Sensors, Actuators, I/O Devices

Building Control

Unit

BAS User

Workstation




Control Unit





Sensors & Switches

LonWorks Field Bus

Designed for Scalability Flexible messaging structure designed to

accommodate small simple devices, as well as large heavy-weight devices

Security includes network level, device level, and user authorization Based on keys embedded in messaging

For additional information: http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/index.html http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/BACnet-Today-

13/Newman-2013.pdf http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/BACnet-Today-

13/Wichenko-2013.pdf http://www.bacnet.org/Bibliography/BACnet-Today-

05/27059Holmberg.pdf

Objects, Properties, and Services

Control devices are modeled with Objects

Example: Relay Panel

Relays

Groups

Switch inputs

Properties define Objects

Relay name

Relay state

Actions are performed using Services

Control relays

Read relay status

Alarms

Typical Objects Used for Lighting Control

Binary Output Object

Relay (on/off)

Group (on/off)

Analog Output Object

Dimmer (level %)

Binary Input Object

Switch (on/off)

Binary Value Object

Occupancy sensor state

Multi-state Value Object

Select preset scene

Properties

Standard object properties are defined

Over 125 defined

Subset will be associated with each object type:

Typical properties for lighting

Object_Name (Dimmer #3)

Description (North Hall Down Lights)

Present_Value (0 100% light level)

Etc.

Proprietary properties are allowed

Relay Modeled as an Object

Object Instance = 5

Object_Type Binary_Output

Object_Name Relay 5

Object_Description L1R2 Hallway

Present_Value 1 , 0 (on/off)

Status_Flags Normal, Out of Service

L1R2 Hallway

Services

Services are actions that can be performed on objects, properties and devices

Write_Property_Service

Set present_value property to 75 = set light level to 75%

Read_Property_Service

Read present_value property returns a light level of 75%

Device Model Example: BACnet IP

Relay #01

Relay #02

Relay #03

Relay #04

Relay #05

Relay #06

Relay #07

Relay #08

Relay #09

Relay #10

Relay #11

Relay #12

Group #1

Group #2

Switch Input #3

Switch Input #1

Switch Input #2

Device Object IP Address: 10.90.5.211 Device ID: 4,194,303 Name: Relay Panel 2 Vendor ID: 15 Etc. Object List: BI1 Switch #1 BI2 Switch #2 BI3 Switch #3 BO101 Group #1 BO102 Group #2 BO1 Relay #1 BO2 Relay #2 BO3 Relay #3 BO4 Relay #4 / BO12 Relay #12

Ethernet LAN

Relay Panel

Device Model Example: BACnet MS/TP

Relay #01

Relay #02

Relay #03

Relay #04

Relay #05

Relay #06

Relay #07

Relay #08

Relay #09

Relay #10

Relay #11

Relay #12

Group #1

Group #2

Switch Input #3

Switch Input #1

Switch Input #2

Device Object MS/TP MAC: #127 Device ID: #4,194,303 Name: Relay Panel #2 Vendor ID: 15 Etc. Object List: BI1 Switch #1 BI2 Switch #2 BI3 Switch #3 BO101 Group #1 BO102 Group #2 BO1 Relay #1 BO2 Relay #2 BO3 Relay #3 BO4 Relay #4 / BO12 Relay #12

Relay Panel

Twisted Pair

BACnet Now Officially Recognizes Lighting

Lighting_Output_Object

Blink warn, fade time, low/high trim, etc.

Channel_Object

Groups

Write_Group_Service

Synchronize actions

Native BACnet vs. Gateway

Native BACnet device

Connect directly to the BACnet system

No translation required

MS/TP, IP, or ZigBee

Gateway

Resides between the lighting control system and the BACnet system

Converts proprietary to BACnet

Proprietary system relay #4 = Binary_Output 4

Common in modern building systems

Much better than they used to be

BTL Listing

The BTL mark is a symbol that indicates to a consumer that a product has passed a series of rigorous tests

Conducted by an independent laboratory which verifies that the product correctly implements the BACnet features claimed in the listing

ZigBee Light Link Tobin Richardson ZigBee Alliance

ZigBee Alliance What Is It

Open, global not-for-profit More than 400 companies

worldwide are members Membership is approximately

40% Americas, 35% Asia, 25% EMEA

What It Does

Develops standards for wireless device-to-device communication (Internet of Things)

Certifies products to help insure interoperability through the ZigBee Certified program

Promotes the use of ZigBee standards around the world

Open, Global Standard Benefits

Single product can be deployed globally

Consumer choice of products

Product Competition Quality

Product Feature Innovation

Price Competition

Buyer choice of suppliers No vendor lock-in to specific chip

manufacturer

Multiple sources for interoperable end products

For more information: http://www.zigbee.org/LearnMore/Whi

tePapers.aspx

ZigBee continues to be the primary driver toward standardization and interoperability and will see further strong growth across many markets, accounting for almost 80% of total 802.15.4-enabled device shipments in 2018. ABI, July 2013

Standard for interoperable/easy-to-use consumer lighting & control

Based on the ZigBee PRO Network Protocol and using the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC standard on the 2.4 GHz ISM band

250kbps data rate, 16 channels, less than 10mW nominal output power

Application

(Profile) ZRC ZID

ZSE

1.x ZHA ZLL ZBA ZTS ZRS ZHC ZSE 2.0

Network RF4CE ZigBee PRO ZIP

MAC IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IEEE802.15.4 -

MAC or other

PHY Sub-GHz (specified per region)

IEEE 802.15.4 2.4 GHz (worldwide)

IEEE 802.15.4 -

2.4GHz or other

What is ZigBee Light Link?

ZigBee PRO Network Communication Model

Mesh, self organizing, self healing topology scalable to thousands of nodes

Interference tolerance via clear channel assessments, retries, etc.

Point to Point communication gives range > 100 m, and full mesh deployment can have several kilometer range

ZigBee End Device (RFD or FFD)

ZigBee Router (FFD)

ZigBee Coordinator (FFD)

Bi-directional Mesh Link

ZigBee Light Link Secure Communications Model

Standard Frame Format builds on ZigBee PRO frame to add Light Link specific commands/responses as part of network payload

Secure (AES-128 encryption) at network level for all nodes Additional application layer security available with a single

key for every node pair Device authentication by use of joining Master Key,

available only to certified devices

ZigBee Light Link Cluster Commands

This is just a sample of the

ZLL cluster commands

Cluster Command Identifier

Description

Commissioning 0x00 Scan Request

Commissioning 0x02 Device information request

Commissioning 0x06 Identify request

On/Off Control 0x00 Off

On/Off Control 0x01 On

On/Off Control 0x02 Toggle

On/Off Control 0x41 On with recall global scene

Scenes 0x00 Add scene

Scenes 0x01 View scene

Scenes 0x05 Recall Scene

Level Control 0x00 Move to level

Level Control 0x02 Step

Level Control 0x06 Step (with on/off)

Installation with Touchlink Commissioning

Start with a lamp and controller

Move them close to each other (< 2 m) and push a button on the controller to begin Touchlink. For fixed location devices, a commissioning tool (handheld) is used to initiate Touchlink on the devices.

Once Touchlink is complete, control the lamp from a distance

Lamp Controller

ZigBee Light Link Deployment

Home Router / Access Point

Internet

Gateway

Remote Control

Lighting/Energy

Management Interface

Gateway serves as interface

between ZLL network and IP based

network

Multi-vendor deployment possible

via use of ZLL Standard

ZigBee Light Link vs. ZigBee Home Automation

Both Profiles based on ZigBee PRO Networking Protocol and utilize the same Cluster Library (commands)

Profiles differ only on security model

Distributed (ZLL)

Centralized (ZHA)

ZigBee Light Link products are able to join centralized security networks and thus can be included in a ZHA installation

ZigBee Certified Program

Program managed by the ZigBee Alliance to verify compliance with applicable standards and interoperability with similarly certified products

Two types of certifications offered: ZigBee Compliant Platform (network only)

ZigBee Certified Product (network & application)

ZigBee Certified Products can use logos but must include specific standard mark

Testing is performed by independent test service providers (validated by the Alliance), and final certification is made by the Alliance

Conclusion

Learned the difference between vertical (backbone) and horizontal communication protocols

Learned about three common horizontal communication lighting control protocols

Contrasted DALI, BACnet, and ZigBee protocols

Conclusion

Learned the difference between vertical (backbone) and horizontal communication protocols

Learned about three common horizontal communication lighting control protocols

Contrasted DALI, BACnet, and ZigBee protocols

Learn correct spelling of

DALI

BACnet

ZigBee

Please remember to complete the

course evaluations. Thank you.

l14s30 - digital control protocol update bacnet dali zigbee (90 minute)

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