learning event no 9, session 2, from agriculture and rural development day (ardd) 2011
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Rainwater management: Next Agricultural Revolution to Support climate change adaptation and livelihoods. By Tilahun Amede, Deborah Bossio, Bharat Sharma. Learning event number 9, Session , Room G. How can rainwater management help support food production and smallholder farmers’ ability to adapt to climate variability and change?TRANSCRIPT
- 1. RainwaterManagement:NextAgriculturalRevolutiontoSupportClimateChange AdaptationandLivelihoods TilahunAmede,DeborahBossio,BharatSharma
- 2. Challenge Program on Water and Food Timeboundprogramofhighimpactresearch UsewaterasanentrypointtoaddressRural Livelihoodsandagroecosystems; Targetcomplexissuesofoverwhelmingglobal and/orregionalsignificancerelatedtowater,climate andsystems; Closelyworkwithpartnershipsamongawiderange ofinstitutions; PartofCGIARinstitutionalreform
- 3. Dependence on Rainwater for Livelihoods 3
- 4. CC IMPACTS: RAINFED AGRICULTUREDecreasingorvariablewateravailabilityBiodiversity,cropvariety,foragetypes;ChangingPestsandDiseasesDecliningcropandLivestockyieldExtremeevents,damagecropsandinfrastructureComplicatefarmoperationsandservices;Fluctuationsinfarmers incomeImpactonnationaleconomy,with90%probability 4
- 5. MakeChoices: Scenariosto2050,withoutCC Today Without productivity improvements CA Scenario Policies for productivity gains, upgrading rainfed, revitalized irrigation, trade 5Based on WaterSim analysis for the CA
- 6. Convert unproductive water to productive use for CC adaptation High unproductive water losses = Lowsystemproductivity; Kuhar Michael - all cropland Lenche Dima - all cropland 1800 3000 1600 2500 1400flo w s p er HH (m 3) f lo w s p e r H H ( m 3 ) 1200 2000 1000 livestock livestock 1500 800 crops crops 600 1000 400 500 200 0 0 ev aporation trans piration perc olation e v a p o r a tio n tr a n s p ir a tio n p e r c o la tio n runoff r u n o ff deep deep 6
- 7. Collectiveaction Capturingwater Inlandscapes Managinglandscapes yieldmorewater RainwaterManagementSystems MoreFood/MoreIncome/ResilientSystems Institutions! Institutions! Storingwater Institutions! ImprovedWP
- 8. ClimatesmartRainwatermanagement systems(RWM) Integratedstrategythatenablesactorstosystematically map,capture,storeandefficientlyuseGreenandBlue waterinalandscapeforproductiveanddomestic purposesandecosystemservices. Decreaseunproductivewaterlosses; Improvethewaterproductivity(increasereturnsperunit ofwaterinvestment) Capitalizesonharvestingprinciples,waterproductivityat variousscales; Combiningwatermanagementwithlandandvegetation management. 8
- 9. Conservationstructurestorehabilitatesystems;trappingnutrientsandwaterinEthiopia
- 10. Rainwaterharvestingalongwithhighvaluecrops,Kalu,Ethiopia 10
- 11. Investinginwatershedmanagement InvestinginIrrigationUpstreamdownstreamlinkages(irrigation) 2.5 320 World Bank lending for irrigation 280 2.0 Irrigated Area 240 200 1.5 160 1.0 Food price index 120 80 0.5 40 0 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Dependency effect? 2005 11
- 12. Reduce water loss for climate change adaptation Average % loss Loss % loss/ Canal type N flow rate per (l/s/100m) 100m/30l/s (l/s) 100m* Main canal 121 43.21a 2.58a 6.46a 4.49b Secondary canal 57 33.03b 1.59b 4.40b 4.00b Field canal 49 2.88c 0.39c 2.49c 25.94a
- 13. IncreasedStorageCapacityforCCadaptation;even withoutexternalsupport Comparision of Per capita Storage Capacity 7000 6150 Per Capita Storage (m^3) 6000 4729 5000 4000 3255 3000 2486 2000 1287 1406 746 1000 4 43 0 Kenya Ethiopia South Thailand Laos China Brazil Australia North Africa America Countries 13
- 14. Micro dose 8 7 6 0 0 0 F a rm C Tuber yield (t/ha) 5 0 4 0 3 0 4 3 2 1 0 2 4 2 1 Tuber yield (t/ha) 1 8 F a rm B 1 5 1 2 4 3 2Zai 1 8 0 0 7 0 Tuber yield (t/ha) 6 0 F a rm A 5 0 4 0 1 2 8 4 0 N N N N N N N N N 14 30 60 30 60 30 60 0 0 0 C o n tro l W ith o u t Z a i W ith Z a i
- 15. ImproveLivestockSystemsforCCadaptationImprovefeedquality;reducemethaneemissionsIntegratelivestockintothewiderdevelopmentagenda(e.g.irrigation;watershedmanagement);Developingwateringpointsincloserdistances(>35%milkyield);Limitconversionofrangetoannualcroplands;Improveanimalmanagement(health,feedquality,productivity);Interventionstomaximizetranspirationattheexpenseofevaporation(feed);MarketIncentives
- 16. Building Adaptive capacity on localexperiences .. Buildingonbyelaws/religious organizations/WaterUser Associations Facilitateinformationflow/ technologiesusinglocalchannels Localinstitutionsforcollective action:Upstreamdownstream Commitmentfromlocalauthorities andpolicymakers Homegardens;women 16
- 17. PES WaterandCarbon Mountainsarethewatertowers;degraded andmismanaged; LandscapemanagementkeytoC sequestration Challenges: Fundingandinstitutionalmodalities Measuring,monitoringandreporting(time) Incentives Cobenefits AdaptedfromTarawali,2011
- 18. KeymessagesforCCadaptation:1. Investinginwaterstorageatlandscapeandhigherscales(reservoirs,strategicdams,groundwateretc..);2. Policygearedtowardsclimatesensitivesystems (Agriculture/wetlands/watertowers)andvulnerablecommunities;3.Crossboundaryhydrologicalplanning/management;droughtandfloodmonitoringandinformationsystem;copingstrategies;4. Improvingrainwatermanagementsystems,fromcapturingtoefficientutilizationandresilience;5.Responsiveresearchsystemalongwithresourcesfor 18 innovation;
- 19. Tilahun Amede CPWF Nile Basin Leader [email protected](CPWF)aimstoincreasewaterproductivityandresilienceofsocialandecologicalsystems Thank you !