lesson 5 self-check

Н.Мира, С.Хонгорзул, Ц.Бурмаа, РАриунаа, Б.Анхзаяа

ENGLISHVIII

Ерөнхий боловсролын 12 жилийн сургуулийн 12 дугаар ангийн сурах бичиг

Боловсрол, шинжлэх ухааны яамны зөвшөөрлөөр хэвлэв.

Анхны хэвлэл

СУРГУУЛИЙН НОМЫН САНД ОЛГОВ. БОРЛУУЛАХЫГ ХОРИГЛОНО.

Улаанбаатар хот 2014 он

DDC371.32A-618

Англи хэл VIII: Ерөнхий боловсролын 12 жилийн сургуулийн 12 дугаар ангийн сурах бичиг. /Мира Н., ба бус; Ред. Баянжаргал П. -УБ.2014.-196х

Энэхүү сурах бичиг нь "Монгол Улсын Зохиогчийн эрх болон түүнд хамаарах эрхийн тухай" хуулиар хамгаалагдсан бөгөөд Боловсрол, шинжлэх ухааны яамнаас бичгээр авсан зөвшөөрлөөс бусад тохиолдолд цахим болон хэвлэмэл хэлбэрээр, бүтнээр эсхүл хэсэгчлэн хувилах, хэвлэх, аливаа хэлбэрээр мэдээллийн санд оруулахыг хориглоно.

Сурах бичгийн талаарх аливаа санал, хүсэлтээ [email protected] хаягаар ирүүлнэ үү.

© Боловсрол, шинжлэх ухааны яам

ISBN 978-99973-59-84-1

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CONTENTS

UNIT ONE. ACTIVITIES WE DO 10

UNIT TWO. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION 26

UNIT THREE. PAST EXPERIENCES 42

UNIT FOUR. STORYTELLING 58

UNIT FIVE. FUTURE PLANS 74

UNIT SIX. PEOPLE AND EVENTS 90

UNIT SEVEN. NEWS, NEWS! 106

UNIT EIGHT. LIVES AND LEGENDS 122

UNIT NINE. GLOBAL ISSUES 138

UNIT TEN. WISHES, WISHES! 154

DICTIONARY 170

GRAMMAR REFERENCE 175

UNITS LESSONS STRUCTURES FUNCTIONS VOCABULARY Page #

ONE. ACTIVITIES WE DO

School activities Present simple (positive, negative); adverbs of frequency

Talking about repeated actions Words related to school activities ListeningSpeaking 10-12

Household chores Present simple (questions) Clarifying information Words related to household chores

ListeningSpeaking 13-15

Community activities Count and non-count nouns Identifying objects and people Words related to community activities

ReadingWriting 16-18

Leisure activities Frequency expressions Talking about frequency of activities

Words related to leisure activities ListeningSpeaking 19-21

Self-check Revision of the unit structures Checking personal learning progress

Revision of the unit vocabulary All skills 22-25

TWO. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

Electronic communication

Present simple; comparison of adjectives

Talking about communication Words related to electronic communication

ReadingSpeaking 26-28

Memorization process Present simple; comparison of adverbs

Talking about memory Words related to memory ListeningSpeaking 29-31

Processing information Present simple; progressive and non-progressive verbs

Describing progressive and non-progressive actions

Words related to mental activities

ListeningWriting 32-34

The Internet in our daily life

Present continuous for changes Talking about changes Words related to technology ReadingSpeaking 35-37



THREE. PAST EXPERIENCES

Heroes in our life Past simple statements; time expressions

Talking about actions in the past Words related to heroic actions ReadingWriting 42-44

Living in a town Past simple (questions) Asking and answering questions Words related to town problems ListeningSpeaking 45-47

When I was a kid Used to (all forms) Comparing actions in the past and now

Words related to childhood memories

ListeningWriting 48-50

From desert to city Was / were able to (past ability in a particular situation); could (general ability)

Talking about past abilities Words related to city and country experiences

Reading Speaking 51-53



FOUR. STORYTELLING

What were you doing at 9 pm?

Past continuous (all forms) Talking about past activities Words related to activities ListeningSpeaking 58-60

Camping Past simple vs. past continuous Comparing past actions Words related to camping activities


Dreams Past continuous for simultaneous actions; sequencers and linkers

Talking about dreams Words related to past activities Reading Writing 64-66

A detective story Past continuous for setting the background; more sequencers

Ordering facts in the stories Words related to storytelling ListeningWriting 67-69




FIVE. FUTURE PLANS

Study plans Present simple for future; timetables

Talking about plans and timetables

Words related to study plans Reading Writing 74-76

Applying for a job Present continuous for future; be going to

Talking about job applications Words related to job application Listening Writing 77-79

A job description Future simple (all forms) Talking about jobs Words related to jobs ListeningWriting 80-82

A surprise party Future time clauses with before, while, after, when

Talking about order of actions in the future

Words related to parties ReadingWriting 83-85


Revision of the whole unit vocabulary

All skills 86-89

SIX. PEOPLE AND

EVENTS

Graduation ceremonies Present passive (positive, negative) Talking about graduation Words related tograduation ceremonies


The Rose Parade Past passive with prepositions by, with, in, from

Talking about past events Words related toparades


Tokyo Olympics Future passive Talking about future events Words related to the Olympic Games

ListeningSpeaking 96-98

Education fair Active vs. passive structures Comparing active and passive actions

Words related to education fairs ListeningWriting 99-101

Self-check Revision of the unit structures and vocabulary

Checking personal learning progress


SEVEN. NEWS, NEWS!

Powerful people Present perfect for indefinite past Talking about personal progress Words related to people’s achievements

Listening speaking 106-108

Personal news Present perfect for recent and fortime continuing up to now

Writing letters Words related to letter writing ReadingWriting 109-111

A news report Present perfect vs. past simple; adjectives followed by prepositions

Comparing recent and past events Words related to news reports ReadingSpeaking 112-114

Back to the past Past perfect; conjunctions before, by the time, when, until, after

Talking about past actions Words related to past events ListeningWriting 115-117



EIGHT. LIVES AND LEGENDS

The famous writer Relative clauses with who, which,where, when, why

Describing people and events Words related to literature Reading Writing 122-124

The civil fighter Clauses of reason and result Identifying cause and effect Words related to civil rights ListeningSpeaking 125-127

The phenomenal life Clauses of purpose within order to, so as

Talking about purpose Words related to life experience Reading Writing 128-130

The great singer Clauses of manner with as if, as though

Discussing manners Words related to music ListeningSpeaking 131-133




NINE. GLOBAL ISSUES

Child labor Direct and indirect (reported) speech

Reporting about issues Words related to child labor Reading Writing 138-140

Teens’ problems Reported questions Identifying questions in the reported speech

Words related to teens’ problems ListeningWriting 141-143

Do we eat healthy food? Reported commands, requests and suggestions

Discussing commands, suggestions and requests

Words related to healthy food Listening Speaking 144-146

Unpredictable weather Could, would, might, should in reporting

Reporting about possibilities Words related to weather Reading Writing 147-149



TEN. WISHES, WISHES!

A Horoscope First conditional Talking about real situations Words related to personal qualities


If I were rich … Second conditional Talking about unreal situations Words related to dreams ListeningSpeaking 157-159

Thinking of the past Third conditional Talking about imaginary situations

Words related to imaginary past ReadingWriting 160-162

I wish you hadn’t I wish + past perfect Sharing dreams and wishes Words related to wishes and regrets




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UNIT 1 ACTIVITIES WE DO

LESSON 1

SCHOOL ACTIVITIES

Words related to school activitiesPresent simple (positive/negative); adverbs of frequency

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1a. Match the pictures to the expressions.

1. make presentations 5. have discussions2. do tests 6. have field trips3. do projects 7. act out dialogues4. search the Internet for information 8. prepare slides

a

d

g

b

e

h

c

f

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1b. Listen and check. Then repeat.

1c. Tick(√)theactivitiesyoudoatschool.

No Activities √1 make presentations2 do tests3 do projects4 search the Internet for information5 have discussions6 have field trips7 act out dialogues8 prepare slides9 have debates10 write essays11 study in a library

1d. Nowwritesentences.Useinformationfromthetableandadverbsoffrequency.

Example: We often make presentations in our science class.

2a. Listentotheinterviewandanswer.Howmanyactivitiesdothestudentsdointheirscienceclass?

2b. Listenagainandtick(√)thecorrectcolumn.

No Activities True False1 The students are at the Science Fair.2 The models help students understand complex scientific theories. 3 The students are not allowed to participate in experiments.4 They do lots of experiments in their science class.5 They often do projects in their science class. 6 They never have field trips. 7 They rarely have discussions and debates.8 The teacher often uses science models for discussions.9 The fair is helpful to students in performing tests.

3. Studythesentencesandchoosea or bintheexplanations.

They always make presentations. The teacher often uses models for class discussions.They occasionally have field trips. They don’t do any experiments. They frequently do projects at school.

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1. We use present simple to talk about activities ... . a. we do d. we did 2. We use the underlined words when we say … we do things. a. how long b. how often 3. We use base forms of verbs for the … person plural. a. first and second b. first, second and third 4. We use V+s for the … person singular. a. first b. third5. We use … to make negative statements. a. do b. don’t

4a. Inpairs,lookatthetable,askandanswer.HowoftendoesJanetdotheseactivities?

How often does she make presentations?

How often does she make presentations?

She occasionally makes

presentations.

She occasionally makes

presentations.

No Activities Always Frequently Rarely Occasionally Never1. make presentations √2. do tests √3. do projects √4. search the Internet for information √5. write essays √6. study in a library √7. do homework √

4b. Nowreportyourfindingstotheclass.

Example: Janet occasionally makes presentations.

5a. Useactivity4aasanexampleandmakeyourowntableofactivities.

5b. Inpairs,askandanswer.Howoftendoyoudothem?

Example: - How often do you search the Internet?- I search the Internet frequently.

6. Write8-10sentencesaboutyou.Usetheinformationinactivity5a.

We always do our homework.We frequently do projects in our science class. I occasionally write essays. They rarely study in the library.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 2

HOUSEHOLD CHORES

Words related to household choresPresent simple (questions)


1a. Matchtheverbswiththenounstomakeexpressions.

1. water a. a brother or a sister2. do b. the dishes 3. sweep c. plants4. clean d. clothes5. cook e. washing6. look after f. floors7. iron g. meals8. fetch h. dung9. chop i. animals10. collect j. water11. water k. the wood

1b. Listen, check and repeat.

1c. Tickthechoresyoudo.Thenaskyourpartnerandcompletethesecondcolumn.

What do you do at weekends?

What do you do at weekends?

I often do washing. I often do washing.

Chores You Your partner

do washinglook after a sister

fetch waterwater plants

chop the woodcook meals

water animals

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2a. Listentotheinterviewandanswer.Howmanyrobotsarementioned?

2b. Listenagainandcompletetheweb.

HouseholdrobotsHouseholdrobots

Indoor robots

window-washing robots

floor washing robots

patrol places and record activities

lawn-mowers

clean and maintain swimming pools

Outdoor robots


Do they do indoor work? - Yes, they do.What do the indoor robots do? - They do chores around and inside homes.Does it give any signals when detects movements? - Yes, it does.

1. In Yes/No questions we use … . a. question words b. do/does 2. In Wh-questions we use … . a. question words b. do/does 3. We use … for the 3rd person singular only. a. do b. does4. We use … for the 1,2 and 3rd person plural a. do b. does

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4a. Write a Yes/Noquestionforeachsentence.

Our family spends every weekend out of Ulaanbaatar. We have a nice, small house in the country, not far from the city. Every time when we get there we start with big cleaning. Each of us has a certain duty. My dad chops the wood for fire. My mom does the most of washing. And she also cooks a big lunch. My little sister waters plants. My brother fetches some water. I do the most of cleaning. This all usually takes about 2-3 hours.

4b. Nowwritequestionsusingthequestionwordsgiven.

1. Our family spends every weekend out of Ulaanbaatar. (Where?) 2. We have a nice, small house in the country, not far from the city. (What?)3. My father chops the wood for fire. (What?)4. My mom does the most of washing. (Who?)5. My little sister waters plants. (What?)6. My brother fetches some water. (What?)7. I do the most of cleaning. (Who?)8. This all usually takes about 2 hours. (How long?)

5a. Interview5ofyourclassmates.Findsomeonewho….• always do washing• rarely do shopping• often do cleaning • never cook

at home.

5b. Reportyourfindingstotheclass.

Example: 2 people always do washing.

6. Nowwrite 5-8 sentences about yourself. Use answers from activity 1c. Begin likethis…

I always do washing at home. Sometimes I … .

Do they work inside the house? What do the indoor robots do?

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 3

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

Words related to community activities Count and non-count nouns


1. Ingroupsof4-5,discussthefollowing.Whatdoyouthinkitmeans?

e-use

educe

ecycle

estore

4R for being

environmentallyfriendly:

2a. Matchtheexpressionswiththeirtranslations.

1. restore environment a. арга хэмжээ авах2. protect environment b. цаас дахин боловсруулах3. raise awareness c. харилцаа, холбоог хөгжүүлэх4. take actions d. асуудал шийдвэрлэх5. recycle paper e. сүлжээ бий болгох6. distribute resources f. цахилгаан хэмнэх7. develop relations g. байгаль орчныг хамгаалах8. build networks h. байгаль орчныг сэргээх9. save electricity i. олон нийтэд таниулах10. solve problems j. нөөцийг хуваарилах


2c. Completethesentenceswiththeexpressionsfromthebox.

develop relations distribute natural resources raise public awarenesssave electricity protect environment build more networkstake actions solve the problem

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1. Our country would like to … with other Asian countries.2. Lots of community activities are organized to … of the problems that the elderly

people have. 3. In order to … we need to study factors that influence the problem first.4. One of the key issues today is how to … equally.5. Study the problem, plan and … to solve it. 6. In our future plans we need to focus more on how to … and expand cooperation with

others to promote our new product. 7. At school, we often have lectures on how to … the green movements, keeping

ecological balance, preserving natural sights and so on. Last week we had a lecture on how to … in our daily life.

3a. Readthetextandanswer.What’sthevisionoftheFriends of Earth?

The Friends of Earth (FoE) is the world's largest environmental network, uniting 76 national member groups and some 5,000 local groups from every continent. With over 2 million members and supporters around the world, they campaign for today's most urgent environmental and social issues and promote the solutions that will help to create environmentally sustainable and socially just societies. FoE Australia was founded in 1974 in Victoria, which was then the site for a proposed nuclear reactor. The main goal of FoE Australia is to preserve, restore, and protect the natural environment in Australia, promote public awareness of environmental issues through their resource centers, newsletters, and magazines. Their vision is to campaign for the world where environmental protection, social justice and economic welfare are ensured for all people. Through their local, national and international networks, they work with the community to raise awareness and take actions. FoE Australia functions both through its local activities and the national campaigns and projects, and the national magazine called “Chain Reaction”. The alternative they seek to implement is a sustainable society. This involves reliance on the use of renewable resources which are equitably distributed. FoE recognizes that organized actions are necessary for environmental, economic and social changes. Such actions are essential if we are to achieve a sustainable society based on the equitable distribution of resources and recognition of the rights of all people. FoE Australia seeks to develop strong relations with environmental and social justice movements in all parts of the world.

3b. Readagainandanswerthequestions.

1. How many members and supporters does the “Friends of Earth” (FoE) have?2. What do they do in order to help to create environmentally sustainable and socially just

societies?3. When was FoE Australia founded?4. What is the main goal of FoE Australia?5. What do they do to raise public awareness? 6. What is a sustainable society?7. What do they do to support a sustainable society?

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4a. Studythesentencesandchoosea or bintheexplanations.

They promote public awareness of environmental issues through their resource centers, newsletters, and magazines. Their goal is to build the world where environmental protection, social justice and economic welfare for all people.

1. We use count nouns for people, places, or things we … . a. cannot count b. can count2. We use non-count nouns for people, places, or things we … . a. cannot count b. can count

4b. Putthewordsinthecorrectcircle.Addthreemorewordstoeachcircle.

air garbage furniture movementmoney pollution change resource waternetwork society issue transportationinformation equipment part energy electricity

Count nouns. . .

Non-count nouns. . .

5a. Ingroupsof4-5,chooseoneofthetopicsbelowanddiscuss.

What can you do in order to … ?• conserve energy• keep your community green• keep your community clean• help the elderly

5b. Nowreporttheresultsofyourdiscussiontotherestoftheclass.

6. Chooseoneofthetopicsinactivity5aandwriteaparagraph.

Through their networks, they work with the community to raise awareness and take actions.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

the topics below and discuss.

discussion to the rest of the class.

activity 5a and write a paragraph.

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LESSON 4

LEISURE ACTIVITIES

Words related to leisure activities Frequency expressions


1a. Match the words to the pictures.

1. acting2. hiking3. skateboarding4. knitting5. fishing

6. camping7. canoeing8. horseback riding9. bird watching

a

d

g

b

e

h

f

c

i

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1c. Inpairs,askandanswer.Whatleisureactivitiesdoyoudo?

What do you do in your leisure

time?

What do you do in your leisure

time?I go clubbing.I go clubbing.

2a. Listenandanswer.Howmanymembersof Khulan’sfamilyarementioned?

2b. Listenagainandcompletethetable.

Who? What? Howoften?

Khulan

Dad

Mom

Khulan’s brother


I see my grandparents quite often, maybe two or three times a month.Once a week we come to our club.

1. We use frequency expressions to say … something happens. a. how long b. how often c. how much2. We use these expressions … of a sentence. a. at the beginning b. at the end c. both

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3b. Studytheschedulesandwritesentences.Howoftendotheydotheseactivities?Usefrequencyexpressions.

going to fitnessclub

cooking dinner

doing washing

cleaninghouse

seeing friends

going to chess club

going to country

Tony twice a week

three times a week

once a week

twice a week

once a month

Tselmuun every day twice a week

three times a week

once a month

4a. Dothequiz.Howwelldoyouknowyourpartner?Ticktheactivitiesshe/hedoesandcalculatethescores.

Activities √dancingpartiesbasketballhamburgerscomputer gamesaction moviesshoppinghip hop musicEnglishreading

4b. Nowaskyourpartnerandcheckyouranswers.Thencalculatethecorrectanswers.

8-10 = very well 5-7 = quite well 3-4 = not very well 1-2= very little

5. Write5-8sentencesaboutyourpartner.Usefrequencyexpressions.

Example: My partner goes dancing twice a week.

Once in two months they play a drama in our local theater.He loves skateboarding and does it almost every day.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Activities

People

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK

Revise vocabulary and structures of the unit Check personal learning progress


VOCABULARY

1. Putthefollowingexpressionsinthecorrectcircle.

restoring environmentgo clubbing knittingprotecting environmentfishing raising awarenesstaking actions

actinghikingrecycling paper skateboarding developing relations horseback ridingbuilding networks

campingsaving electricitybird watchingsolving problemscycling

Leisureactivities. . .

Communityactivities. . .

2. Dothewordsearch.Find9verbsrelatedtohouseholdchores(→↓).

B H O U S E H O L D O

I N R C H O R E S T I

E I R O N J C O O K W

L Y C L E A N L Z V Q

H L E L X S W E E P E

T Q F E T C H M B F R

E A P C H O P M D O S

W W A T E R N W A S H

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3. Completethesentenceswiththewordsfromthebox.

projects discussion presentation information dialogues tests a field trip

1. Search the Internet for more … before making any … .2. Be very attentive while doing … .3. Acting out … is helpful to remember how to use new words.4. Once in a month we have … in our Science class.5. We usually do … work in small groups.6. After each experiment we have a class … to share our findings with each other.

STRUCTURES

4a. Changethefollowingsentencesintonegative.

1. We do projects in our history class quite often.2. We make presentations after each project.3. He likes computer games a lot.4. They do camping every summer.5. She likes watching science movies.6. They play basketball every weekend.7. We always search the Internet for information when we do any project.8. They frequently go fishing.

4b. Makequestionstotheunderlinedwords.

1. We do projects in our history class quite often.2. We make presentations after each project.3. He likes computer games a lot.4. They do camping every summer.5. She likes watching science movies.6. They play basketball every weekend.7. We search the Internet for information when we do any project.8. They frequently go fishing.

5. Answerthequestions.Use always, occasionally, frequently, rarely, never, once / twice / … times a week / a month.

How often do you … ?• search the Internet• do project work at school• go to a movie theater• do homework• go to a concert

• do sports• do shopping• study English• go to a museum• see your friends

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6. LabeltheunderlinednounswithC(count)orNC(non-count).

NC C

Example: Pollution is a big problem in our city.

1. Pollution is a big problem in our city. 2. Building a network is good for advertising your products. 3. Include fish in your diet.4. Saving water and electricity is crucial for protecting environment. 5. Business is risky. 6. They’re going to build a plant for recycling paper. 7. This movement advocates for the equal distribution of resources.

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

7. Listentotheconversationandanswer.Howmanygoalsarementioned?

8. Listenagainandanswerthequestions.

1. What kind of activities does the club organize?2. How often do members of the club meet? 3. What do they do to provide support and raise self-esteem of teenagers?4. How does the club help teenagers improve their social skills? 5. What is the purpose of outing activities?

9a. Completethetable.Whathouseholdchoresdomembersofyourfamilydo?

Who What How often

9b. Nowwritesentencesusingtheinformationinactivity9a.

READING AND WRITING

10a. Readthetextandchoosethebesttitle. a) Communityservices b) Importanceofdoingcommunityservices

Community service is activities that are performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public. They are part of “civic responsibility”. There are lots of ways to take civic responsibility and be active in the community: joining various clubs, scouting groups or local environmental or clean-up groups, helping schools to organize afterschool activities, festivals, and celebrations. By getting involved in community activities, you can come into contact with positive adult role models other than your parents. Interacting and cooperating with other adults encourages you to see the world in different ways and

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put your own family experiences and values into a wider context. You can try out different identities, experiment with different fashion styles and might try out a range of different activities and hobbies. Being involved in community activities can give you a positive way of understanding who you are. As a result, you might see yourself as a helpful, generous or just a ‘good’ person in general. Being involved in community activities also helps create a sense of being connected to the community. Community activities give you a chance to apply the skills you already have. This kind of experience gives you the chance to see how many skills you have and how valuable they can be. Being able to manage your free time while balancing leisure, work and study is an important life skill. Being part of a community activity could motivate you to become more organized and start to manage your own time. Finding a community activity can boost your self-confidence. You learn how to communicate with different types of people and build up your life skills and abilities in a supportive environment.

10b. Readagainandanswertrue(T)orfalse(F).

1. Community service is activities that are performed for the benefit of the public. T F2. There are a few ways to take civic responsibility. T F3. By getting involved in community activities, you see the world in different ways . T F4. You can try out different activities and hobbies. T F5. Being involved in community activities doesn’t help create a sense of being connected to the community. T F6. Community activities give you a little chance to apply the skills you have. T F7. Being able to manage free time while balancing leisure, work and study is an important life skill. T F8. When you become part of a community activity you become less organized. T F9. You learn how to communicate with your family only. T F

11. Writeaparagraphaboutyourleisuretime.Followthequestionsbelow.

• What are your leisure activities? • When do you do them? • Where do you usually have them?• Why do you do them?

Howwellcanyoudothesethings?Tick(√)thecolumns.

Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to school/community activities and household choresask and answer questions using present simpletalk about different activities using present simpletalk about how often we do activities by using adverbs of frequency and frequency expressionslisten and understand factual information on various activitiesread and understand factual information on various activities

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UNIT 2 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

LESSON 1

ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION

Words related to electronic communicationPresent simple; comparison of adjectives


1a. Jointhecolumns.

1. create a. files 2. chat b. friends3. transfer c. updated news 4. download d. communities 5. make e. with each other 6. join f. contacts7. send g. SMS8. keep h. new social contacts9. get i. materials


1c. Completethesentenceswiththeexpressionsgiven.

send SMS download materials and keep get lots of updated newsmake more friends create social contacts chat with each other

1. Joining the social networks helps us to … . 2. It is much cheaper to … than phoning.3. The Internet helps us to … in a digital form. 4. We can … from electronic newspapers.5. Many young people often … .6. It is not difficult to … because there are lots of social networks available on the Internet.

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2a. Readthetextandchoosethecorrecttitle. a)BenefitsoftheInternet. b)Benefitsofsocialnetworking.

One of the big advantages of the Internet is that we can create new social contacts all over the world and join communities. There are no time and place limitations and there are no boundaries, both geographical and political for doing this. With the use of the social platforms we become much more aware of the world

we are living in. They create a new world where we are free to express our opinions and share them with our friends and peers. The social media becomes an important source of updated news. The platforms make news about the recent events happening all over the world more accessible. They also contribute to faster and easier interaction between people: they allow us to keep in touch with each other regularly. Joining the communities helps people who cannot go out to find friends in the real life because they are disabled. So, they can chat with other people via the Internet. Sometimes it is also easier for people, who are afraid to look into the other’s face while talking and chat with a person who they do not know. Social networks allow us to reach a lot of new people quickly and pass the word to others in more effective ways. The Internet is a database full of information and offers us a lot of services, sometimes for free. Now we have easier life, and sometimes also cheaper. For example, phoning a friend in a different country costs more than to chat with him. The e-mail has replaced the traditional letter: we do not have to buy stamps anymore and it is much faster and also for free to send a mail or a message. We can also add files to our e-mail and that is why a big data transfer is possible. Therefore we do not have to send disks with information around the world anymore and have any information in a digital way. Another free service of the Internet is sending SMS. We can save a lot of money if we do not send it with the mobile phone, especially across long distances. We also have the opportunity to use more things, for example sending e-postcards and I-messages. We can also place our digital photos on the Internet and our friends in different countries can look at them without sending them to them. Another thing is online gaming. We can play with people from all over the world and share our knowledge. It’s more exciting to play with friends than playing alone. Moreover, we can learn with the Internet. A variety of computer-based online courses already exist and they give us great opportunities to take any courses we want.

2b. Readagainandcompletethecircles.

Weusesocialnetworking to:

express...

transfer ...

save...play

...

take...

reach...

find...

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The platforms make more accessible news. They contribute to faster and easier interaction between people.

1. We add … to one-syllable adjectives to make a comparative form. a. –er b. more1. We add … to three or more syllable adjectives to make a comparative form. a. –er b. more

4a. Writetheadjectivesfromtheboxintheircomparativeforms.

greatwarmexcitingrelaxed

hardslowcomfortablesmall

loudlongsimpleintelligent

importanteasy

4b. Puttheadjectivesinthecomparativeformsandcompletethesentences.

1. He felt … when he finished all exams. (relaxed) 2. Your presentation is too long. We need a … presentation. (short)3. The price is too high. I think we’d better find … one. (cheap)4. The design of your slides looks great, but it’s … to improve the content. (important) 5. This is not a party – we need to wear … clothes. (formal)6. Please give a … speech. (informative)7. The exercises are too difficult, so find … ones. (simple)8. I think we want the … music. (loud) 9. The essay looks too short. Please add more reasons and hand in … essay. (long)

5a. Inpairs,askandanswer.Usethequestionsbelow.

1. Do you use Facebook?2. What do you do on your Facebook?3. Have you ever joined any

communities?4. Have you ever used blogs? Twitter?

5b. Write 5-8 sentences about yourpartner.Beginlikethis…

He/she often uses … .

It’s more exciting to play with friends than playing alone.Now we have easier life.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 2

MEMORIZATION PROCESS

Words related to memoryPresent simple; comparison of adverbs


1a. Matchtheverbstotheirmeanings.

1. memorize a. keep in the memory 2. remember b. imagine visually3. associate c. revise4. visualize d. learn by heart 5. focus e. make use of something6. review f. connect in the mind 7. apply g. state of clear definition


1c. Inpairs,askandanswer.Whatdoyoudotomemorizewords?Usetheexpressionsbelow.

........... ? ... . ........... ? ... .

1. associate with certain things 2. visualize in mind (pictures, signs, sounds etc.) 3. review (revise by doing different exercises) 4. apply (to new situations, e.g. dialogues, sentences)

2a. Listentotheinterviewandanswer.Aretheytalkingabout a) memoryimprovementorb)goodwaystomemorizewords?

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2b. Listenagainandanswertrue(T)orfalse(F).

1. Reading helps us see learned words in new sentences and contexts. T F 2. The only one source of foreign language learning is graded readers. T F 3. Advertisements and menus use short and clear texts. T F4. Many linguists advise to focus on phrases, not separate words. T F 5. In the daily communication we use phrases that are predictable. T F 6. Another good thing is to visualize words. T F7. Visualizing means finding a similar-sounding word in your native language only. T F8. Review of new words is not essential. T F


We more frequently use phrases that are predictable.We remember new words better if we visualize them. 1. We use more or less with … adverbs to make comparison. a. longer b. shorter2. We put more or less … the adverb. a. before b. after3. We add –er to … adverbs. a. longer b. shorter

4a. Givethecomparativeformoftheadverbs.

fasthard

slowlyfrequently

wellbadly

happilyquietly

accuratelyefficiently

quicklyseriouslyclearly

late

4b. Completethesentenceswithcomparativeformsofadverbs.

1. I know them … (well) than you.2. I know he’s a good runner. But he can run …. (fast).3. Could you speak … (slowly), please?4. You’re late. I expected you to come … (early).

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5. Is your toothache better? - No, it’s … (badly).6. You should study … (seriously).7. E-mailing is … (fast) than mailing. 8. This program can solve some problems … (accurately) than humans.9. This printer works … (efficiently) than the old one.

5a. Inpairs,playamemorygame.Followtheinstructionsgivenbelow.

Instructions: Student A gives student B 30 seconds to look at the list of the following words. Then he/she covers the list and asks him/her to write down the words. How many words does he/she remember?

draw

make

study memorize

visualizeconnect

applysay

write

differentiate

5b. Nowwrite5-6sentenceswiththewordsabove.Usequestionsbelow.

• How many words did you / your partner write correctly?• How many words did you / your partner write incorrectly?• What techniques did you / your partner use to remember words?

In everyday communication we more frequently use phrasesthat are predictable.In everyday communication we less frequently use formal phrases.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 3

PROCESSING INFORMATION

Words related to mental activitiesPresent simple; progressive and non-progressive verbs


1a. Matchtheverbstotheirmeanings.

1. predict a. take a series of actions to achieve a particular end 2. understand b. remember 3. process c. foretell that something will happen in future 4. organize d. accept or take in something sent or offered 5. store e. get or bring back 6. receive f. arrange in an orderly way7. retrieve g. keep for future use8. recall h. know


1c. Matchtheverbstotheirnounsinthebox.

understanding receiving process recalling storageorganization acquisition recognition prediction retrieval

1. predict 2. understand 3. process 4. organize 5. store

6. receive 7. retrieve 8. recall9. acquire10. recognise

2a. Listen and answer.Howmany keymental activities are described inthelecture?

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Mentalprocesses How it happens

acquisition

storage

retrieval

recall

recognition


When we acquire information we get it into our memory system.We're processing information continuously.

1. We use ... with stative verbs. a. a non-progressive form (verb) b. a progressive form (verb+ing) 2. We use ... with active verbs. a. a non-progressive form (verb) b. a progressive form (verb+ing)

3b. Puttheverbsinthecorrectcolumn.

№ Progressiveverbs Non-progressiveverbs1. … …2. … …3. … …4. … …5. … …6. … …7. … …8. … …

store, write, process, develop, retrieve, acquire, read, recall, organize, forget, save, receive, predict, say, exchange, wait

4. Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.Notethatmorethanonechoiceispossible.

knowpay attention to

understandremember

forget predict

organizewrite

1. We … the meaning of the words looking at the language context.2. I … how old she is.3. He … an essay on study skills now.4. She … me and I … her.5. I usually … names, but not faces.6. I … my schedule for the next week.7. I … most of the things that our English teacher talks about.8. I … about the trip from the Students` Council.9. I … only to what is interesting to me.

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5a. Dothequiz(√).Howeasyforyoutoremember...?

5b. Compareyouranswerswithyourpartner’s.Askandanswer.

6a. Ingroups,discussthefollowing.

• What do you do in order to improve your memory?

• How do you memorize words and expressions?

• Is your way effective? Give reasons why or why not?

6b. Writetipsforbettermemorizationofwordsandexpressions.

We are processing information continuously.Sometimes certain clues help us to retrieve information from our memory.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

namesofplaces

namesoforganizations

phone numbers

people’sfaces

people’snames

colors

not easyeasy

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LESSON 4

THE INTERNET IN OUR DAILY LIFE

Words related to technologyPresent continuous for changes


1a. Match the words to the expressions.

1. find a. for information 2. do b. new solutions3. exchange c. games4. search d. online shopping 5. download e. e-papers 6. advertise f. free software7. read g. useful information8. purchase h. new products and services9. play i. ideas with other people


2a. Inpairs,askandanswer.Doyou…?

• do online shopping• exchange ideas with other people• search for information• download useful information • read electronic newspapers• purchase free software• play games online

2b. Writesentencesaboutyourpartner.

Example: He/she does online shopping. He/she doesn’t read electronic newspapers.

3a. Readandchoosethecorrecttitle. a) AdvantagesoftheInternet. b) AdvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheInternet.

There is a big influence of technology on our daily life. Electronic devices, multimedia and computers are things we have to deal with in our everyday life. Especially the Internet is becoming more and more important for nearly everybody as it is one of the newest and most forward-looking media. The Internet is changing our life enormously; there is no doubt about that. There are many advantages of the Internet. Companies are presenting their products. Many universities and research institutions are also linked to one another. They

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are exchanging experiences with each other and often they start new projects together. For individual people, it is no problem to exchange their experiences with other people, hear new things, and see some facts from another point of view. This helps them find new solutions and new ways to go. Today nearly every household has a computer and access to the Internet, so children deal with computers and the Internet every day. They should learn how to use it, of course. Another big advantage of the Internet is the easy access to information. Online reference books and dictionaries are replacing bookshops or libraries. It is again cheaper to search for information in the Internet than to buy a book that is old after one year. On the Internet a lot of information is renewed and updated. We can also find information which is very new while a book does not exist in print yet. We are reading electronic newspapers more. We are not buying them anymore. In addition, most newspaper sites have archives in which we search for old articles. The Internet is also changing business activities for marketing and advertising. A lot of enterprises have a homepage with ads of their products and services.


1. There is a big influence of technology in our daily life. T F2. The Internet is changing our life enormously. T F3. There are a few advantages of the Internet. T F4. Universities and research institutions are exchanging experiences with each other. T F5. It is possible to get updated news on the Internet. T F6. A few households have a computer and access to the Internet. T F7. Online reference books and dictionaries can’t replace bookshops or libraries. T F8. It is more expensive to search for information on the Internet than to buy a book. T F9. We are not reading electronic newspapers anymore. T F10. The Internet is changing business activities for marketing and advertising. T F


1. The Internet is changing our life enormously. a. This is about what we generally do. b. This is about a changing situation. 2. Some people find new solutions and new ways to go. a. This is about what we generally do. b. This is about a changing situation.

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4b. Rewrite each sentence in the present continuous using expressions in brackets.

Example: Politicians often have debates with the general public. … ( on the Internet ) Politicians are having debates on the Internet.

1. Researchers often share the results of their work with other researchers … (on the Internet)2. People communicate daily across long distance. … (with their discussion groups)3. Technology changes our way of life. … (day by day )4. Technology grows so fast. … (due to the Internet )5. People often give their suggestions about the quality of products. … (via e-mail )6. Today people have many opportunities to find jobs. … (electronically )7. Students use information for their assignments. … (from electronic services)8. We discuss hobbies, fashions, travel and politics. … (through social networks)

5. Inpairs,askandanswer.Usethepromptsbelow.

Advantages of using the Internet:• for business people• for children• for students

6a. Ingroups,discussthefollowing.Doyouagreewiththem?

1 Computer software costs a lot. To have more security we have to install a firewall, buy anti-virus-programs and update them regularly.

2 For some people using a computer is too complex.

They don’t feel confident.

3 Children are often badly influenced by the Internet.

Become competent experts of using the internet – but not on how to live in the real world anymore.

4 The Internet shouldn’t replace real friends.

Children need friends and they need to play with them to learn how to behave and how to interact with others.

5 Children sometimes learn wrong things from the Internet.

They should know how to distinguish between the “good” and “bad”.

6b. Write5-8sentencesaboutdisadvantagesoftheInternet.

We are reading electronic newspapers more.We are not buying newspapers anymore.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK



VOCABULARY

1. Putthefollowingexpressionsinthecorrectcircle.

make predictions, download materials, save files, store information, organize information, remember words, visualize words, transfer files, join networks, make friends, keep contacts, receive information, read e-papers, purchase software, send SMS, do online shopping, take online courses, retrieve information, play games, understand, exchange ideas

Use of the Internet . . .

Information processing. . .

2. Dothewordsearch.Find9verbsrelatedtomemory(→).

S T O K E F O C U SM E M O R I Z E W QR E C Y C L E N B XP R E M E M B E R QB C Z E R E V I E WL A P P L Y Z A Y UI G H D U S E S Z VT V I S U A L I Z ER A S S O C I A T E

3. Writetheverbsnexttotheirexplanations.

receive, associate, retrieve, apply, review, organize, memorize, visualize, process, store, remember, predict

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1. foretell that something will happen in future ___________ 2. connect in the mind ___________3. learn by heart ___________4. imagine visually ___________5. revise ___________6. keep in the memory ___________7. make use of something ___________8. arrange in an orderly way ___________9. take actions to achieve a particular end ___________10. keep for future use ___________11. accept or take in something send or offered ___________12. get or bring back ___________

STRUCTURES

4. Choosethecorrectwordandcompletethesentence.

1. This car is… (fast / faster). But that car can be even… (fast / faster).2. It is … (quick / quicker) to find information on the Internet.3. This text looks… (simple / simpler). But that one looks even ... (simple / simpler).4. Can you give me that book? The pictures in it look much… (attractive / more attractive).5. TV programs are becoming … (informative / more informative).6. This is a quite … (interesting / more interesting) topic. But in this book you will find…

(interesting / more interesting) topics.7. This cup is too big. Do you have a … (small / smaller) one?8. This activity looks … (easy / easier) than that one.

5. Completethesentenceswithcomparativeformsofadverbs.

1. You should do your homework … (regularly).2. You can drive on this part of the road … (fast). 3. Can you say the words … (slowly)?4. We should see each other … (frequently).5. She works … (hard) than Josh.6. You can use this software … (effectively).7. The inspectors gave us some advices how to use the resources … (efficiently).

6. Rewrite the sentences. Use the present continuous for changes.

1. As a result of electronic communication the world became smaller. 2. Many people exchange their opinions using various social networks.3. The Internet has changed the business activities. 4. Politicians have lots of discussions and debates on many issues using videoconferencing. 5. Many people use e-resources.6. The Internet grows faster. 7. The Internet technology becomes simpler.

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7a. Listentotheconversationandanswer.Howmanytypesofactivitiesofthe‘Happyclub’arementioned?


1. Josh and Kate are college students. T F2. The club was founded this year. T F3. The students do some volunteer work. T F4. They do lots of activities on environment protection. T F5. They help the elderly how to use technology. T F6. They help people how to do online shopping mostly. T F7. They believe that technology will help the elderly to reduce their isolation. T F8. They help the elderly to connect with their friends and relatives. T F

8a. Interview6ofyourclassmatesandfindsomeonewho….

• uses YouTube to download videos• joined any communities songs • created own blog• uses Twitter

8b. Reportthefindingstotheclass.

READING AND WRITING

9a. Readthetextandchoosethebesttitle.a) Howtorememberpeople’sfacesb) Memoryimprovementtechniquesc) Howtocommunicatewithpeople

Memory improvement is a process that can be done in a few easy steps and performed effortlessly. Remembering things is only a technique that you need to utilize, for example to remember a face you just need to examine a person’s face carefully when you are introduced. Try to find an unusual feature, ears, a hairline, a forehead, eyebrows, eyes, a nose, a mouth, a chin, a complexion, etc. Create an association

They help the elderly to connect with their friends and relatives. T F

find someone who … .

videossongs

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between the face and the name in your mind. The association may be to link the person with someone else you know with the same name. Alternatively it may be associating with a rhyme or image of the name with the person’s face or defining feature. Also when you are introduced, ask the people to repeat their names. Use the name yourself as often as possible (without overdoing it). If it is unusual, ask how it is spelled or where it comes from, and if appropriate, exchange name cards. Keep in mind that the more often you hear and see the name, the more likely remember. Also, after you leave the person, review the name in your mind several times. If you are particularly keen, you might decide to write it down and make notes that would help and improve your memory search process. These techniques suggested for remembering faces and names are fairly simple and obvious, but useful. Association either with images of a name or with other people can really help. Repetition and review help to confirm your memory.

9b. Readagainandmatchthetwocolumns.

1. examine a person’s face carefully 2. create an association between 3. associate a rhyme or image4. ask the people to repeat 5. use the name yourself as often 6. ask how the name is spelled 7. review the name in your mind 8. write the name down 9. repeating and reviewing

To remember someone’s face we need to:

a. help to confirm your memory b. as possible c. their names d. of the name with the person’s facee. the face and the name in your mind f. several times g. and make notesh. or where it comes from i. by finding an unusual feature

10. Writeashortparagraph(8-10sentences) aboutadvantagesofusingtheInternet.


Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to information communication and social networkinguse present simple for changesdescribe activities by using comparative forms of adjectives and adverbsdifferentiate and use count and non-count verbslisten and understand factual information on technologyread and understand factual information on technology

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UNIT 3 PAST EXPERIENCES

LESSON 1

HEROES IN OUR LIFE

Words related to heroic actionsPast simple statements


1a. Matchthewordstotheirdefinitions.

1. assiduous a. an emblem given as an award 2. an engine b. to take something quickly3. to extinguish c. hardworking4. to line up d. a mechanical appliance5. to struggle e. to beg or ask6. to implore f. to stand in a row 7. a badge g. a moving part of a machine 8. a colleague h. being of the real size 9. a carriage i. to stop fire flame10. to grab j. a person you work with11. a gawker k. to try very hard 12. life-sized l. а by-passer who watches

1b. Putthewordsinthecorrectcolumn.

a carriagean engineto line up

to extinguishto strugglea colleague

to grabto implorea gawker

a badgeassiduouslife-sized

Noun Verb Adjective……………

……………

……

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2a. Readastoryandchoosethebesttitle.

a)EngineNo.5b)Alifesaver

In the days before motorized carriages, firefighters used to pull the engines by their hands. The men of Engine Number 5, San Francisco, would line up along a rope and pull an engine to a fire. On the day in 1858 when Lillie Hitchcock found them, the men were struggling to extinguish fire. A few of their colleagues were out sick, and the combined strength of the rest was not enough to roll the engine. So, 15-year-old Lillie Hitchcock

jumped forward, grabbed the rope and pulled. "Come on! Everybody pull and we'll beat them!" With these words, Hitchcock implored the gawkers to join the effort. Because of her, the engine started working and was the first to the fire.

Hitchcock continued to take an interest in firefighting and appeared at every fire. Although she could never join the fire brigade, the Engine No.5 made her an honorary member and gave her a gold badge in 1859, which she wore proudly whenever she appeared to help at a fire.

Lillie was born on August 23, 1843 at West Point. The Hitchcocks moved to San Francisco in 1851. In those days, women didn’t wear pants and extinguish fires. Her father didn’t approve his daughter's assiduous interest in firefighting. Very soon she left off, but she never stopped being interested in firefighting. Even after her marriage to Howard Coit she continued to visit the firemen once in a while. After her marriage, she traveled around the world. She was a guest in the court of Napoleon III. When her travels were done, she returned to her beloved San Francisco. When Lillie Hitchcock-Coit died on July 22, 1929, at the age of 86, she left one-third of her money to the city of San Francisco. With that money people built a 180-foot Coit Tower in Pioneer Park. Another memorial to Hitchcock-Coit and the city's firemen stands in Washington Square. It is a life-sized statue of three firemen, one of them carrying a woman in his arms.


1. In 1858, San Francisco’s firefighters used motorized carriages. T F2. Lillie became an honorary member of Engine Number 5. T F3. San Francisco is a place where she was born. T F4. Her father approved her interest and she worked as a firefighter. T F5. She traveled around the world, and she never returned to San Francisco. T F6. Before she died, she left one-third of her money to the city. T F7. With her money people built a tower and a statue. T F8. Both the statue and the tower stand in Washington Square. T F

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The Hitchcocks moved to San Francisco in 1851.She left one-third of her money to the city of San Francisco at the age of 86.In those days, women didn’t wear pants and extinguish fires.

1. We use past simple to talk about an action that happened at ... in the past. a. a definite time b. an indefinite time2. We use -ed to form … verb. a. a regular b. an irregular 3. We don’t use -ed to form … verb. a. a regular b. an irregular 4. In a negative sentence, we use an auxiliary verb … . a. did not (didn’t) b. do not (don’t)

3b. Puttheverbsinbracketsinthecorrectformofthepastsimple.

1. Last Monday morning, a school teacher … (rescue) two children from the burning car.2. Volunteers from Charity Foundation … (save) many children from starvation of 1999.3. We … (invite) her, but she … (not/ come) last night.4. Desmond T. Doss … (become) a nurse during the World War II and … (save) many lives.5. Elizabeth Blackwell … (open) the first medical school for women in 1857.6. A week ago, Aiden … (fall) into water and his friend … (try) to grab him.

4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

Example: Susan and Frank lost their luggage at the airport yesterday morning.1. their luggage/ at the airport/ Susan/ lost/ Frank/ and/ yesterday morning.2. becoming/ a teacher/ old/ when/ I / thought/ was/ 15/ I/ years/ about.3. He/ tennis/ did/ last weekend/ play/ not.4. They/ Hawaii/ on holiday/ went/ month/ to/ last.5. stayed/ lovely/ last/ in/ We/ Sydney/ summer/ a/ at/ hotel.6. ago/ Steve/ a month/ going/ the/ gym/ to/ stopped.

5. Inpairs,chooseoneoftheheroesandtalk.Usethepromptsbelow.

Ayush Luvsantseren(1922-1945)

Gundegmaa Otryad(1978- present)

join the army/ 1942 die on the battlefield/ 1945be awarded with the title "Mongolian Hero"/ September, 1945

be born/ 1978 start shoot training / 1993 participate in Asian Championship/ 1995 be awarded with the title "Mongolian Hero of Labor" / 2008

6. Writeashortparagraphaboutyourhero.Thinkabout:

• his/ her qualities • his/ her heroic actions

Gundegmaa participated in the Asian Championship in 1995. Engine Number 5 gave her a gold badge in 1859.In those days, women didn’t extinguish fires.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 2

LIVING IN A TOWN

Words related to town problemsPast simple (questions)


1. Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.

1. Is your town clean?2. Have you got any problems in your town? Why?3. What do you do to keep your town clean?

2a. Labelthepictureswiththewordsandexpressionsfromthebox.

water scarcity too many cars spitting in the street dirty streetsbad housing overcrowding lack of public transportation

a

d e f g

b c

2b. Matchtheproblemstotheeffects.

1. dirty streets a. pollution of the soil and sidewalks2. water scarcity b. travel with discomfort3. spitting in the streets c. impact on children’s ability to study at home4. too many cars d. constant hunger and thirst5. overcrowding e. traffic jams6. bad housing f. transmission of diseases 7. lack of public transportation g. limited public spaces and buildings

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3a. Listen to the radioprogramandanswer.Are they talkingabouta) environmentalproblemsorb)acampaign?


Problems Solutionsleaving waste everywherespitting in public places

dirty town

………


Why did you decide to do this campaign?Did you install waste bins?

1. In Yes/ No questions, did comes … subject. a. after b. before2. In Wh-questions, did comes … question words. a. after b. before3. We form questions … the auxiliary did. a. without b. with

4b. Putthewordsinthecorrectordertomakequestions.

Example: How much time did you spend on cleaning streets?1. people/ in the project/ did/ How many/ they/ involve?2. Did/ in gardens/ trees/ all people/ plant?3. citizens/ Where/ waste bins/ place/ did?4. call/ people/ a waste collecting truck/ Did?5. construction sites/ streams/ Did/ pollute/ a lot? 6. the smoking problem in public places/ Did/ solve/ the government?7. How often/ you/ arrange/ mass cleanups/ last year/ did?

4c. Inpairs,askandanswerquestionsaboutthepictures.

Example: How many cars are there in Ulaanbaatar? There are too many cars.

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5a. Ingroups,dothesurveyandcompletethetable.

Problems SolutionsMember # 1 Member # 2 Member # 3

dark streets traffic jamsuncomfortable public transportationair pollution

…………

…………

…………

5b. Reporttheresultsofthesurveytotheclass.

Example: Tuya offered to install lights in the streets to solve a dark street problem.

6. Look at the pictures and write a short paragraph about them. Think of:

• collecting trash• calling a waste collecting trucks• arranging public meetings• installing waste bins• planting more trees

Example: A few years ago, the park was very dirty. People of the town collected trash and called waste collecting trucks. They …

What did you do during the last six months?Did you arrange public meetings?

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 3

WHEN I WAS A KID

Words related to childhood memoriesUsed to (all forms)


1a. MatchthewordsincolumnAtotheonesincolumnBtomakeexpressions.

A B1. to visit a. a mud pie2. to find b. an amusement park3. to climb up c. anklebones4. to play d. shapes in the clouds5. to make e. rocks6. to stack f. a jungle gym7. to look after g. sheep

1b. Labelthepictureswiththeexpressionsinactivity1a.a

d e f g

b c

2a. Listentotheconversationandanswer.Isthespeakertellingaboutherchildhoodstoryorafairytale?

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ChildhoodmemoriesinRiverLand inSydney

My sister and I used to go there by school bus in the morning.In the afternoon, …At the weekend, …In summer time, …

When we were in high school, …


Did you use to live in a town?I didn’t use to live in a town.I used to live in the countryside.

1. We use used to when we talk about … habits. a. present b. past2. … verb comes after used to express a positive meaning. a. a regular b. a base 3. … comes after an auxiliary did not (didn’t) to express a negative meaning. a. use to b. used to4. An auxiliary verb did comes … the subject to express question. a. after b. before

4. Look at the pictures and write sentences.

Example: Brad used to live in a small village, but now he lives in a city.10 YEARS AGO NOW

live / small village live / city

go to work / by busgo to work / by car

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sing / school choir sing / rock band

5a. Choosethewordsfromthelistandwriteaboutyourself.Useused to and didn’t use to.

Example: I used to visit my grandparents when I was a kid. I didn’t use to ride a bike when I was a kid.

to visit grandparents to play hide-and-seek to ride a bike to fly kitesto make mud pies to hear bedtime storiesto play with a water gun to feed bids

5b. Tellyourpartneraboutyourself.

Example: I used to play hide-and-seek with my sister while my parents were away.

6. Writeaboutthethingsyourfamilymembersusedtodo.Thinkabout:

• summer holiday• free time• at home• the Tsagaan Sar

We used to fly kites and find shapes in the clouds.Did you use to make mud pies?No, I didn't. I didn’t use to make mud pies.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 4

FROM DESERT TO CITY

Words related to city and country experiencesCould (general ability in the past) Was / were able to (past ability in a particular situation)


1a. Matchthewordstothedefinitions.

1. a territory a. a large populated urban area2. a metropolis b. the geographical area3. a client c. a very tall building with many storeys4. a guideline d. the place where someone is going to5. a destination e. the position of something6. a skyscraper f. a rule or explanation of the best way to do something7. a location g. someone who pays for goods or services


1c. Completethesentenceswiththewordsandexpressionsinactivity1a.

1. You have to have a longer flight to find an amazing holiday … in the winter.2. Every businessman should have a good relationship with his ... .3. Vancouver is one of the most multicultural … .4. I enjoy seeing everything from … .5. This hotel is in a really good … .6. Nunavut is the largest … in Canada.7. This introduction gives you some … to help you do the task.

2a. Readtheblognewsandputthefollowingheadingsinthecorrectnumberedspace.

a) Architectureb) TouristattractionsinDubaic) FashionandclothingstyleWhile I was working as a flight attendant, I could visit many attractive places. But now I can’t do it anymore. I spent one of those memorable days in Dubai, and I enjoyed every single moment of it. Today, I’ve just posted about Dubai briefly. Dubai is the city in the United Arab Emirates. Dubai is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is one of the seven emirates that makes up the country. It has the largest population of 2,106,177 in the United Arab Emirates and the second-largest land territory (4,114 km2) after the capital, Abu Dhabi. According to the history, Dubai’s strategic geographic location made the town an important trading center and by the beginning of the 20th century, Dubai was able to become a metropolis city.

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1. …There are numerous sites of interest in Dubai such as Tower of the Arabs, the Dubai Fountains, Palm Island, Dubai Marina and so on. Today, more landmarks are being built to attract tourists. Dubai was able to rank the first for luxury homes in the world. The current ruler of Dubai and Prime minister of the UAE wants Dubai to become the top tourist destination in the world. Dubai is expected to attract 15 million tourists from all around the world in 2015. 2. …Dubai and the UAE have various degrees of tolerance to clothing styles from around the world. There are legal guidelines as to what is not acceptable; but in general, people can mostly wear what they like. Designers consider their labels to be glamorous, luxurious, elegant, modern and ageless. Mariam and Amira represent them. They have recently re-designed the brand and renamed it SQ5 by Mariam Amira. They believe the SQ5 clients should feel fashionable and fabulous. In fact, the designers make one piece for each. So they were able to be recognized as unique designers. They want their clients to feel and understand that the pieces are made just for them only and they will not find it anywhere else.3. …In the past, there used to be only the desert. But now Dubai has a rich collection of buildings and structures of various architectural styles. Much modern architecture is created by not only top architectural or engineering firms of the Arab world, but also by international firms of New York and Chicago. Now, Dubai boasts more completed skyscrapers higher than 2/3 km. The Khalifa Tower is one of the skyscrapers in Dubai and it combined the modern style with Islamic architecture. Its completion was able to become a phenomenal construction in the first decade of the 21st century.

2b. Read again and choose the correct answer.

1. Dubai is one of the … in the United Arab Emirates. a. capitals b. cities c. landmarks2. Its population is the largest in … . a. Asia b. the world c. the United Arab Emirates3. … of the United Arab Emirates would like Dubai to become the best place for tourism. a. The president b. The prime minister c. The parliament member4. 15 million visitors … by the various sites in Dubai. a. will be attracted b. were attracted c. are attracted5. Legally… casual clothes are not acceptable to be worn in Dubai. a. every b. some c. any6. Mariam is … who wants to design elegant clothes. a. only designer b. not a designer c. one of the designers 7. Modern architecture in Dubai is supported by … . a. only engineering firms of Arabia b. only engineering firms of Chicago c. both international and Arabian firms 8. Khalifa tower was known as a magnificent creation in the first … of the 21st century. a. 10 years b. 5 years c. 8 years


Dubai was able to become a metropolis city. They were able to become unique designers. While I was working as a flight attendant, I could visit many attractive places.

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1. We use was/ were able to to express … . a. a general ability in the past b. a past ability in a particular situation2. We use could to express … . a. a general ability in the past b. a past ability in a particular situation3. … comes after was/ were able to and could in the sentence. a. a base verb b. the infinitive with to 4. After he, she, I and it, we use a … verb with able to. a. plural b. singular5. After you, we and they, we use a … verb with able to. a. plural b. singular

3b. MatchthesentencesincolumnAtotheonesincolumnB.

Example: We were invited to an Indian wedding. We were able to watch a special custom there. A B

1. We were invited to an Indian wedding.2. It takes a long time to go to the

outskirts of town because of the traffic jam.

3. She was able to go to the beach.4. When I was young, 5. Even though they had hard times,6. When a woman fell into the river,7. As the Internet networks weren’t spread

widely all over the world,

a. a lifeguard was able to save her.b. I could run a marathon.c. Before we could reach there in only 20

minutes.d. finally they were able to declare country’s

independence.e. people could get information on the radio.f. We were able to watch a especial custom there.g. The weather was hot enough to swim.

4. Completethesentenceswithcould or was / were able to.

Example: Mongolians were able to register their Khoomii for UNESCO World Heritage Center.1. Mongolians … register their Khoomii for UNESCO World Heritage Center.2. Even though, there was a destructive earthquake, they … saved hundreds of people.3. When she was 5, she … play the piano. 4. As a child, I … run faster than my brother. Now I can’t.5. I … see fireworks from that the tallest tower last night.6. We … spend much time together before my father started his own business.7. They … attend the meeting although they weren’t on business in Japan.8. I … write with my left hand when I was in primary school. Now I’m right-handed.

5. Ingroups,talkaboutUlaanbaatarcity.

Example: People could reach another end of the city quickly. But now it takes more time. People were able to keep the city clean.

6. Doabriefresearchonthetopic“Howhasmytownchanged?”Findoutabout:

• people • buildings • traffic • lifestyles

While I was working as a flight attendant, I could visit many attractive places.Dubai was able to become a metropolis city.They were able to build a lot of skyscrapers.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK



VOCABULARY

1. Find12wordsfromthewordsquare(→↓).

destination assiduousextinguish

scarcityskyscrapermetropolis

sandboxsheltercarriage

povertycleanupunique

G C A R R I A G E M B Q SE D E S T I N A T I O N KE T S N E S C A C L W U YX Q A B E H E W L M S N ST W N C U E W Q E W C I CI U D X L L D A A E A Q RN O B Z J T P A N S R U AG P O W M E O N U H C E PU E X Q D R E T P U I R EI T F S C V Q A Z T T E RS A S S I D U O U S Y H KH D N K L W P O V E R T YW M E T R O P O L I S F A

2. Unjumlethewords.

1. OLAEGCEUL - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .2. ELTUGSGR - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .3. RORYETIRT - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .4. DLEIUNGIE - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

5. ACTRTANTOI - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .6. NNHEAEMPLO - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .7. KWARGE - _ _ _ _ _ _ .

3. Completethesentences.Usethewordsinactivity1.

1. We offer you more exotic … to go on your holiday.2. The firefighters had already … the fire when we arrived.3. While my parents were away, we used to play in a … .4. They began the environmental … of the river.5. Vancouver is one of the most multicultural … of the Pacific Rim.

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6. The Empire State Building is an example of … .7. After the destructive earthquake, the government provided homeless people with … .8. Water … is one of the most serious issues.

STRUCTURES

4. Puttheverbsinbracketsintothecorrectformofpastsimple.

Example: A police officer telephoned her parents and they picked her up.1. A police officer … (telephone) her parents and they … (pick up) her… . Now Megan

is at her home.2. The streets of our town are really clean. The street Cleaning Team … (sweep) them

half an hour ago.3. We found our lost luggage. An airport agent … (help) us to get it two days ago.4. He is a hero to his daughter. He … (save) her from a burning car a few months ago.5. The homeless people are staying with comfort. Lisa … (bring) them to the hostel

yesterday.6. We don’t need to go to school far from home. They … (establish) Children’s Town last

year.7. Sailors … (rescue) them from the sinking ship a few minutes ago. All people are safe.8. My dog returned home. A little boy … (find) him and … (advertise) in a local

newspaper.

5. Writequestionsfortheunderlinedwords.

Example: Did she use to make her clothes when she was in college?1. Yes, she used to make her clothes when she was in college.2. We started learning English a few years ago.3. Sikorsky designed the first helicopter.4. I grew up in a beautiful country.5. He worked on this project with his colleagues.6. I used to eat a lot of candy as I was a child.7. No, they didn’t use to spend their weekends going out.8. Philip used to play hockey every day after school. 9. Alice read Shakespeare’s novel last month.10. Last winter, we went to New Jersey by train.

6. Completethesentenceswithcould or was / were able to.

1. She … swim when she was five years old.2. Although I had hurt my leg, I … get home.3. It was so hot outside, but we … reach the top of mountain.4. At the age of 65, I … jog easily for 2 hours.5. Alan … sing very well when he was in the school choir.6. The test was very difficult, but I … answer all the questions.7. My father … spend much time with us. Now he’s very busy.8. All of us … catch the train, though we were late.

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7a. Listentotheconversationandanswer.Isitabouta)abookorb)awriter?


1. J.K. Rowling is the author of Harry Potter book series. T F2. She was born in Scotland. T F3. She is 48 years old. T F4. When she was a kid, she used to write stories. T F5. Her first story was about a mouse. T F6. She graduated from Oxford University. T F7. The fourth book of Harry Potter broke sales records only in the UK. T F8. The name of the fourth book is Harry Potter and a Goblet of Fire. T F

8a. Interview3ofyourclassmates.Askabout:

• what they used to do as they were kids• if they wrote down stories when they were younger • what it was about• if they discussed them with someone

8b. Reportyourfindingstotheclass.

READING AND WRITING

9a. Readthetextandchoosethebesttitle. a) EarlylifeofJohnF.Nash b) Thefilm“ABeautifulMind”

John Forbes Nash was an American mathematician. John F.Nash was born on June 13, 1928 in the small city of Bluefield, West Virginia, in a family of an electrical engineer. When he was a kid, he was genius: he could read and write. Nash went to a kindergarten and public

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school. His parents used to provide books that he learned from. He entered Carnegie Institute of Technology (now known as Carnegie-Mellon University) in Pittsburgh, on a full scholarship. His major was chemical engineering. But the mathematics faculty encouraged him to change his major to mathematics which he did. He graduated from Carnegie with a Bachelor of Science as well as a Master of Science. He began his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) when he was just twenty years old at Princeton University. He was able to develop his game theory at this university. He graduated in 1950.

Nash met Alicia Lopez in 1957 and they were married in February of that year. When his wife became pregnant in 1959, Nash’s mental illness began. He was hospitalized in a private psychiatric hospital outside of Boston. After he was released, he traveled to Europe with his wife. They returned to settle in Princeton when their travel finished. In 1961 he was taken to hospital again. Then, they divorced. But they renewed their relationship in 1994, when Nash shared the Nobel Prize for Economic Science with game theorists John C. Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten.

Russell Crowe portrayed John Nash in the 2001 major motion picture “A Beautiful Mind”, which was based on Sylvia Naser’s book of the same title. The film was nominated for various Academy Awards – including Best Actor (Russell Crowe), Best Editing, Best Makeup and Best Music. the PBS (Public Broadcasting System) produced a documentary, “A Brilliant Madness”, which intended to portray Nash’s life more accurately. It featured interviews with other mathematicians and economists as well as Nash himself and members of his family.

9b. Readagainandcompletethetable.

Timeline What happened1928

when he was a little boywhen he was twenty years old

19942001

……………

10. Chooseoneofthefamouspeopleyouknowandwriteabouthis/herearlylife.Thinkof:

• his / her childhood life• his / her school life• his / her profession and field of work• his / her accomplishments


Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to heroic actions, town problems and childhood memories ask and answer questions and talk using the past simple, could, was / were able to and used tolisten and understand factual information on past experiencesread and understand factual information on past experiences

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UNIT 4 STORYTELLING

LESSON 1

WHATWEREYOUDOINGAT9PM?

Words related to activities Past continuous (all forms)


1a. Look at the pictures and match them to the expressions.

1. watch rugby 2. play a computer game 3. have a nap 4. answer the phone 5. do homework 6. cook dinner 7. vacuum a room

. . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .

a

e f g

c db

1b. Makeupsentences.Usethepicturesaboveandpastcontinuous.

Example: At 4 o’clock the boy was playing a computer game.

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2a. Listentothetelephoneconversationandanswer.Howmanypeoplearethereinthefamily?

2b. Listenagainandanswerthequestions.

1. Who is on the phone?2. What are the people’s names?3. Did anyone answer the phone?

4. Why didn’t they answer?5. When did mom call?6. Why did she call?

2c. Listenagainandfillinthetable.

Names Activities


Were you talking to a friend at 5 o’clock? - Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.I was dancing. I wasn’t singing.

1. We use past continuous to talk about things happening at … time in the past. a. any b. a certain2. We use was/were + V-ing to form … . a. past continuous b. present continuous 3. Which sentence is positive?4. Which sentence is negative?5. Which sentence is a question?

3b. In pairs, ask and answer. What were you

doing at 9 o'clock yesterday

evening?

What were you doing at doing at

9 o'clock yesterday 9 o'clock yesterday evening?evening?

I was gardening.

I was sleeping.

I was having a nap.

I can't remember what i was doing.

I was gardening.

I was sleeping.

I was having a nap.

I can't remember what i was doing.

I was working on a

computer.

I was working on a working on a

computer.computer.

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3c. Changethepartnerandaskfollow-upquestions.

Example: - Were you working on a computer?- Yes, I was./ No, I wasn’t.- What were you working on?- On my essay, etc.

4a. In pairs, ask and answer. Whatwerethepeopledoing?

Example: Dori was playing the piano.

4b. Write sentences for the picture. Beginlikethis:

It was 8 o’clock in the evening. Everyone in the family was busy after dinner. …

5a. In groups, practice the mini dialogues.

A: Where were you at 5 o’clock yesterday? I couldn’t reach you.B: I was in the library.A: Were you studying there?B: Yes, I was. What about you?A: I wasn’t studying. I was going to the cinema.

C: Where were you at 3? I didn’t see you at school.D: Oh, I was at the gym. I was taking yoga lessons. And you? C: I was going home.D: Were you walking?C: No, I wasn’t. I was riding my bike.

5b. Inpairs,makeupyourowndialogue.

6. Write6-8sentences.Whatwereyourfamilymembersdoingafterdinnerlastnight?

Example: My dad was reading a newspaper.

Was she doing her homework? - Yes, she was.I was vacuuming my room.He wasn’t watching TV.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Steveplay basketball

Anitaknit

Doriplay the piano

Rondo

maths

Momdo the

washing

Dadwatch

TV

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LESSON 2

CAMPING

Words related to camping activities Past simple vs. past continuous


1. Inpairs,talkaboutyourlastholiday.Thinkofthefollowing:

• time• places• activities

2. Look at the words and expressions in the box. Make 5-8 sentences.

Example: I do things by myself.

by myself a camp-site a track facilities wood convenientcamp go to sleep pleasant pitch a tent hard to tell rough

3a. In pairs, describe the pictures.

Example: a. I was driving in the car ...

a b c

ed

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3b. Readthestoryandanswer.Isita)atruestoryorb)adream?

A few years ago, I went on a camping holiday to the south in late September. I sometimes camped in public facilities – they are mostly clean and well run, and it’s convenient to have toilets, showers and so on. But more often I camped rough. I didn’t mind not having campsites, and it was pleasant to be by myself. One evening I found a wonderful place to camp, quite high in the mountains. I parked my car down a track, a hundred meters or so away from the road, and pitched my tent in a small wood by a stream. I made dinner, washed the dishes in the stream, and went out for a walk in the wood. Then I undressed, got into my sleeping bag, took a last look at the moon and went to sleep.

I was sleeping when a rustling noise woke me up in the middle of the night. At first I thought that an animal was moving around the tent. Then I thought that branches were perhaps touching the tent – but there weren’t enough trees around. I looked out of the tent, and for a moment I got puzzled. Everything looked completely different – white and shining, and strangely flat in the moonlight. Suddenly I realized – snow! It was coming down fast.

It looked very beautiful, but I was in trouble. If I didn’t move fast I might not get away before the snow blocked the roads – indeed, it might already too late to get car back to the road. I took down the tent as fast as I could, packed everything into the car and started driving. It was hard to tell where the track was. Twice I got stuck while I was driving. But at last I managed to get to the road and drive down the mountain out of the snowstorm – just in time.

3c. Readagainandanswertrue(T)orfalse(F).

1. I always camped in public facilities. T F2. They are never clean and well run. T F3. I often camped rough. T F4. I walked a hundred meters from the road. T F5. I was sleeping when a rustling noise woke me up. T F6. The branches were perhaps touching the tent. T F7. The snow was coming down slowly. T F 8. Twice I got stuck when I was on the road. T F9. I managed to get out of the snowstorm. T F


I camped high in the mountains. I was camping in late September.

1. We use past continuous for a … action. a. short b. long2. We use past simple for a … action. a. short b. long3. We use was/were + V-ing to form … . a. past continuous b. past simple 4. We use V+ed to form … . a. past continuous b. past simple

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4b. Readthestoriesandcompletewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets.

The people who lived abroad for some time want to share their memories with us. That is how they describe their stories.

During the first week I … (be) at the university the incident … (occur) in the restaurant near the campus. I … (be) very hungry. I … (ask) a menu but I couldn’t understand the words. I … (look) around and … (see) a man at the next table. He …

(eat) the soup and … (enjoy) it very much. So I … (order) the soup. My soup … (come) and I … (take) a big bite. I couldn’t eat because it … (be) very spicy.

I … (study) economics at university. After two months I … (think) I could understand English very well. I … (sit) at the lecture, the professor … (talk) about some data, and I … (follow) him very well.

Suddenly he … (turn) to me and … (ask) me, “Wea’ du’ dei’ kam’ fro?” “Hungary!”, I … (answer) loudly. I … (think) he … (want) to know my country! Everyone in the lecture hall … (look) at me and … (start) laughing. That day I … (find) out that I still … (have) a problem with “fast speech”.

MeMorable IncIdents abroad

5. Readthetextandanswer.Haveyouhadasimilarcampingexperience?

One weekend Mr. Simpson and his son Jimmy were camping in the Jacksonville State Forest area. They had prepared this camp out with very little help from mom. Friday night they went to bed early. They had gotten up early, finished packing, and had driven half the day to reach the beautiful campsite which they were able to claim. Saturday was a busy day. And even though they ate a good breakfast and lunch, the full day of hiking left starving by dinner time. That grilled sausage turned out to be a real treat that evening. And for dessert, they had banana pudding with hot chocolate. After dinner they turned on the radio to hear the news. They were relaxing around the campfire while they were listening to the radio. Then Jimmy decided to go to bed and headed to the tent. After some time walking past the tent to put the fire out, Mr. Simpson could hear that Jimmy had already fallen to sleep. Smiling to himself, Jimmy's father picked up the jar of water and poured it over the fire. Mr. Simpson crawled into his sleeping bag, zipped it up and then turned the flash light off. As he laid in the darkness, he could hear Jimmy still snoring and the gentle noises from the crickets and the bullfrogs outside. For a moment, he thought about how happy he was to be there in such a beautiful peaceful place with his son who he loved so much. Everything was perfect.

6a. Ingroups,talkaboutyourcampingexperiences.Thinkofthefollowing:

• places you went to• means of transport you used• things you did/were doing • things didn’t do/weren’t doing

6b. Shareyourstorieswithothergroups.

7. Write the sentences down.

Example: Last June Dulmaa went camping in the Gobi. She drove there.

But more often I camped rough.The snow was coming down.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 3

DREAMS

Words related to past activities Past continuous for simultaneous actions Sequencers: one evening, then, suddenly, in the end Linkers: when, while


1a. Discussthefollowing.

• What do you think dreaming is?• Do people usually have dreams?• In your opinion, do animals have dreams too?• Do you have dreams every night?• Do you remember them?

1b. Look at the pictures, ask and answer. Use past continuous.

Example: à. A man was walking.

a b c d

gfe

h i

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1c. Write down 6-8 sentences.

Example: The girl was swallowing water.

2a. Readthestoryandchoosethebesttitle. a)AnIncidentattheLake b)HolidaybytheLake

I was walking along the shore with my daughter Cecil and our dog Charlie one evening. It was about six o’clock in the evening and it was getting dark and the sun was beginning to set. Cecil was playing with Charlie. They were both happy. While Cecil was laughing Charlie was barking. He was waiting for my daughter to throw a ball. Suddenly Charlie stopped barking, stood still at the edge of the water and looked out to the lake. It was then in a silence when we heard someone was crying for help. We looked out to the lake but I couldn’t see anything. Then we heard a cry again. So I decided to send Cecil to get help. I took off my clothes and shoes and went into the water. I was swimming in the cold water and found a girl 200 meters off the shore. She was almost drowning, trying to keep her head up. While she was going under the water she was swallowing a lot of water. I held of her hair and swam back to the shore. At the shore people were waiting for us. When we approached the shore two of the people helped me to get the girl out of the water. The others were holding some blankets to wrap the girl. Cecil was kneeling down and was holding her arms around Charlie. She was crying and wiping her tears away. In the end I woke up and felt strange. I was wondering. Did this really happened to me and I rescued the girl? Or was it just a dream?


1. Where was Mr. Collins when he heard the cry for help?2. Who was he with?3. What was he doing?4. What was Cecil doing?5. What was Charlie doing?6. Who heard the cry first?7. Why couldn’t they see the person from the shore?8. What happened to the girl? 9. What did Mr. Collins do? 10. Was it a true story?


While Cecil was laughing Charlie was barking.

We use … for two or more longer actions happening at the same time. a. past simple b. past continuous

Where was Mr. Collins when he heard the cry for help?

Why couldn’t they see the person from the shore?

explanations.

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3b. Puttheverbsinbracketsintotheircorrectform.Usepastsimpleorpastcontinuous.

1. When John … (look) in to see how they … (get) on, Ann … (mix) the paint, and Peter … (wash) down the walls.

2. While they … (wait) for the walls to dry, Ann … (remember) she … (have) a phone call to make.

3. Peter … (start) painting while she … (telephone). 4. I … (look) through the classroom window. A geometry lesson … (go) on. The teacher

… (draw) diagrams on the board. 5. Most of the boys … (listen) to the teacher but a few … (whisper) to each other, and

Tom … (read) a history book.

4a. Here are some people’s dreams. In pairs, describe them, using the pictures andprompts.

Example: c. While a girl was flying in the sky a fairy lady was waving Hello to her.

walk across bridge – fish stand on balcony – cite poem fly in the sky – wave Hello watch TV – dance waltz

a b c d

4b. Writethesentencesdown.Thenaddtwomoresentencesofyourown.

Example: While I was writing a letter my sister was knitting.

5a. Inpairs,tellyourpartneraboutyourlastdream.

Example: I had a strange dream two nights ago. I was jumping on the clouds and Buyanaa was clapping her hands.

5b. Describeyourpartner’sdreamtotheclass.

Example: In her last night’s dream Otgon was going on the cruise with her friends. While she was sunbathing her friends were swimming.

6. Write2-3dreamsfromtheclass.Usepastcontinuous.

While Cecil was laughing Charlie was barking.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 4

A DETECTIVE STORY

Words related to storytellingPast continuous for setting the backgroundMore sequencers: once, later, the next day, finally


1a. Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestions.

• Do you like reading?• What kind of stories do you often read?• Can you name any of them? • How does a story usually begin?• How does it develop?• How does it end?

1b. Readthesestorytellingwordsanddecide.Whichofthemarebeginnings,middlesorendingsofastory?

once, finally, the next day, later, suddenly, in the end, then, one day, one night

1c. Listen and check. Then repeat.

2a. Matchtheverbswiththeirdefinitions.

1. push one’s way through a. hear without the knowledge of the speaker2. crowd b. vanish from sight3. pour c. force one's way4. disappear d. come or go after5. follow sb/sth e. flow continuously6. overhear sb/sth f. gather together in large numbers

2b. Write 6-8 sentences with the words and expressions.

Example: He pushed his way through the crowd.

3a. Listentothestoryandanswer.WhoisPatSteward?

3b. Listenagainandanswerthesequestions.

1. Why were so many people in Central Street?2. Why were so many people carrying umbrellas?3. What was Fork doing?4. Why did Pat begin to run and push her way through the crowd?

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5. Where was Fork when Pat saw him?6. What was Fork doing when Pat came to the station?7. Where was Fork heading to?8. What was he doing when Pat came to the bus?9. Where did he get off the bus?10. What happened in the end?

3c. Listenagainandcompletethesentences.

It was half past five and the city evening rush hour ... . Thousands of people … out of shops and offices into Central Street. It … with rain and most people … umbrellas.


It was during the day and the sun was shining. She was in the city center and walking along the crowded shopping street. Suddenly someone pated on my shoulder, I turned back and saw a stranger.

1. We often use … to show the background for past events. a. past simple b. past continuous2. We use … to talk about events and actions. a. past simple b. past continuous

4b. Fillinthegapswiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.

1. It … (be) a lovely morning. The sun … (shine), and the birds … (sing) in the trees.2. We … (start) early and … (enjoy) the morning. We … (walk) along the track when we

… (notice) something behind the trees. 3. We … (come) closer and … (see) a small rabbit. It … (tremble) with fear. 4. We … (take) it further to the forest and … (let) it go.5. It … (be) this evening. I … (get) ready to come home. And the phone … (ring). So I

… (pick) it up. 6. I … (lie) on a lonely beach close to the sea. It … (get) very windy and the waves …

(make) a lot of noise. 7. I … (look) out to sea. Suddenly a huge wave … (appear) on the horizon.

5a. Readtheparagraphsandnumbertheminthecorrectordertomakeastory.

In a few minutes the man with the beard appeared and stopped at the next shop window. I went on. Whenever I stopped, he stopped, and whenever I looked round he was still there. He looked very respectable and was wearing nice clothes and I wondered if he was a policeman or a private detective. I decided to try and shake him off.

Both buses crawled very slowly along the bridge. Every time the buses pulled up at a stop, the man looked out anxiously to see if I got off.

One day I was walking along Penn Avenue when I realized that a man with a ginger beard, whom I had seen twice already that afternoon, was following me. To make sure, I walked on quickly, turned left, then right and stopped suddenly at a shop window.

Finally at some traffic lights, he changed buses and got into mine.A 65 bus was standing at the bus stop just beside me. Then the conductor came

downstairs and rang the bell; just as the bus was moving off, I jumped on it. The man with the beard missed the bus but got into another 65, which was following the first.

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5b. Readthestoryagainandadd2moresentencesforitsbackground.

Example: It was a lovely morning. The sun was shining, and ...

6a. Readthestoriesandsupplysequencers.

1. … Helga was traveling by air with her father. They were on the way to Lima to spend Christmas with her grandparents. … the plane broke up in the storm, and Helga fell 3,000 meters, strapped in her seat. … the seat hit the ground and Helga stayed unconscious all night. The next morning she looked for her mother and found nobody. Her knees were badly hurt and she had cuts on her arms and legs. She tried to walk and get out of the jungle. She had to walk for a long distance until she reached the river. Luckily, there were some people fishing. … she was saved by those villagers.

2. … 80-year-old lady was walking along the Oxford Street. She looked expensively dressed, carrying a handbag over her shoulder. … a man came up on his bicycle and

grabbed the handbag. The lady hit him on the head with her umbrella and knocked him off his bicycle. … she started screaming. The man tried to get back onto his bicycle and escape, but the old lady kept hitting him. A taxi driver heard her screams and joined in the fight. … a policeman arrived and arrested the man.

6b. Read again and think of the setting. Write 2-3 sentences for each.

7a. Inpairs,makeupasimilarstory.

7b. Writetwoparagraphs.Usesequencers.

Paragraph 1: backgroundParagraph 2: actions

8. Shareyourstorywiththerestoftheclass.

It was half past five and the city evening rush hour was just beginning. Thousands of people were crowding out of shops and offices into Central Street.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK



VOCABULARY

1. Completethetablewithoneortwowordsorphrasesforeachverb.

answervacuumhaveheadcamp pitchwalkswallowholdwipefollowpush one’s way through overhear

2. Readthetextandaddthemissinglettersofthewords.Thenumberoflettersisgiven.

At Plum Street Metro station I left the bus and bought a ticket from a t ___ (6) machine. As I was standing on the p ___ (8) waiting for a train, my follower came down the s ___ (6). He was carrying a newspaper and when we got into the same compartment, he sat in one c ___ (6) reading it, and I read the advertisements. He looked over the n ___ (9) at every station to see if I got out. I became rather tired of being shadowed like this, so finally I went and sat beside the man and asked him why he was following me. At first he said he wasn’t following me at all but when I threatened to call the p ___ (6), he admitted he was. Then he told me he was a writer of d ___ (9) stories and was trying to see if it was difficult to f ___ (6) someone unseen. I told he hadn’t been unseen because I had noticed him in Penn A ___ (6) and advised him to shave off his ginger b ___ (5) if he didn’t want his victim to know he was being followed.

STRUCTURES

3. Usepastcontinuousinthesentencesbelow.

Example: … chess yesterday? (they play) Were they playing chess yesterday?

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1. … chess yesterday? (they play)2. He …, so he missed what the teacher said. (not listen)3. We stayed till midnight because we … ourselves. (enjoy)4. It … hard all day. (snow)5. … a football match on TV at 5 o’clock? (you watch)6. I … whether you could lend me some money. (wonder)7. … when I left? (you still work)8. They … their house, so it looked very old and dirty. (not improve)9. While Phil …, Oscar … the violin. (read, play)

4. MatchinformationfromcolumnAwithinformationfromcolumnB.

A B1. Mr. Gordon called the police he insisted he was innocent.2. While he was waiting for the as soon as he arrived. police to arrive3. As soon as Brad North heard about the when his wife died. murder4. Mr. Gordon took him to the scene of while the police were taking him

the crime to jail.5. While Brad Nord was searching the while she was brushing her teeth. bathroom for clues 6. He saw that Mrs. Gordon died he placed a bar of soap on the

bathroom floor.7. When Brad Nord charged Mr. Gordon he rushed to Gordon’s house. with murder8. A crowd of news reporters tried to he became suspicious of Mr.

interview Mr. Gordon Gordon’s story.

5. Puttheverbsinbracketsintotheircorrectform.Usepastsimpleorpastcontinuous.

1. “What you … (do) at 9 o’clock yesterday?” … (say) the detective.2. “I … (clean) my house,” said Mrs. Green. 3. They … (build) that bridge when I … (be) here two years ago. They haven’t finished

it yet.4. The doctor’s waiting room was full of people. Some … (read) magazines, others just

… (look) at the pictures. A woman … (knit); a boy … (play) with a toy car.5. “Yesterday policemen and police dogs … (arrive) at your neighbor’s house.”6. “What they … (do)?”7. “I … (hear) that they … (look) for drugs.”8. “They … (find) any?” “No.”9. A traffic officer just … (stick) a parking ticket to John's windscreen when he … (come)

back to the car.


6. Listentothereportsandanswer.Whoistalking? a)Detectives b)Witnesses

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7. Listenagainandanswertrue(T)orfalse(F).

1. The couple put their bags on the floor. T F2. They were coming into the cinema. T F3. The boy paid for their entrance tickets. T F4. The assistant was talking on the phone. T F5. He checked their bags. T F6. The boy was holding the pad in his hands. T F7. The workers were changing the light. T F

8. Imaginethatitwasfiveo’clockyesterdayevening.Youhavejustcomehomeafteraninterestingday.Inpairs,askandanswerthefollowingquestions.

- What did you do? - How did you spend the day? - Did you meet anybody interesting?- Who did you see?- What were you doing when you met him/her?- What was he/she doing?- Did anything interesting happen to you?

9. Writeaminidialogueandactout.

Example: Sam: Hi, OchOch: Hi, Sam. How was your day?Sam: Fine thanks. And yours?Och: Oh I had a wonderful day.Sam: Really? Why? Did you meet anybody?Och: Yes. ….etc.

READING AND WRITING

10. Readthestoryandputthemissingsentencesintothecorrectplace.

One warm summer night in 1924, the cellist Beatrice Harrison went out to play her cello in the woods behind her cottage in Surrey, the south of England.

After playing for some time in the moonlight, she paused. To her surprise, she heard a bird echoing her playing. [1] The sound was incredibly beautiful, and she knew that it could only be a nightingale.

[2] Beatrice Harrison could hardly believe what was happening: she was playing duets with a wild bird! It was an astonishing experience, and she wished that she could share her pleasure with other people.

Hi Och Hi Sam.

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At that time, broadcasting was just becoming popular, and many people in Europe had radios. Beatrice Harrison decided to try to persuade the BBC to set up their microphones in her garden.

[3] The BBC had never before tried an outside broadcast of this kind, and the distance between Beatrice Harrison’s home and London made things more complicated. But the sound engineers made careful preparations, and one night in May 1924 everything was ready.

For a long time it seemed as if the nightingale was not going to come. [4] But suddenly, to everybody’s relief, the wonderful liquid notes began to fill the night. The duet of the musician and the nightingale was heard in London, in Paris, even in Italy.

Several more broadcasts were made, and the following year HMV made a record of Beatrice and the Nightingale, which became one of the most successful records sold in the 1930s.

a. Beatrice Harrison played for nearly two hours with no reaction.b. She started again, and the bird sang with her.c. The next night, nearly every night after that, the nightingale was there again.d. With the technology of the time, this was no easy task.

11. Readagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1. What did Beatrice Harrison do? 2. Where did she go?3. What happened while she playing the cello?4. Who was she playing duets with? 5. What did she wish?6. What did she try to do?7. Why were things for the broadcast difficult?8. Did the nightingale come out?9. Where did people hear the duet? 10. When was a record successful?

12. Readagainandwriteasummary.Usetheprompts.

in the woods the BBCplaying duets worldwide


Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to activities, action verbs.ask and answer, using past continuous.tell stories, using past simple and past continuous.tell stories, using sequencers.listen and understand factual information on stories.read and understand factual information on stories.

prompts.

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UNIT 5 FUTURE PLANS

LESSON 1

STUDY PLANS

Words related to study plansPresent simple for future; timetables


1a. Matchthewordsandexpressionstotheirsynonyms.

1. a midterm exam a. a task completion2. a public holiday b. a scholarship competition3. an admission c. a school year4. an academic year d. acceptance 5. a grant competition e. a nationwide holiday6. a task achievement f. a continuous assessment


2a. Readandanswer.Whoisinterestedincomputing?

a) Telmen b)Bess c)bothofthem

Telmen: Hi, Bess.Bess: Hi. How are you?Telmen: I’m fine, and you?Bess: I’m OK. I haven’t seen you for ages! What’s new?Telmen: I’m studying at university. Bess: Really? What are you studying now?Telmen: I’m doing a Bachelor of Computing. I’m becoming a

web developer.

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2b. Readagainandcompletetheschedule.

UniversitySpringSemesterSchedule

Midterm exams start on May 7 Duration of midterms … Last day of classes … End of the semester … Grant competition …


When do your exams start? - They start on May 7.When does the university admission start? - It starts at the beginning of next August.

1. We use present simple to express … for the future. a. daily routines b. programs or timetables2. If the subject is the third person, we use auxiliary … in the question. a. does b. do 3. If the subject is the third person, we use a base verb … -s ending in the statement. a. without b. with

University

Bess: I see. How is your school? Are you busy these days?Telmen: Fine. A little bit busy. I’m preparing for my midterm

exams. This semester ends next June.Bess: When do your exams start?Telmen: They start on the 7th of May and continue for three

weeks. The 28th of May is a last day of classes.Bess: You know, I’m very interested in computing. When

does your university admission start? How about an entrance examination? Where can I get detailed information?

Telmen: Admission starts on the third week of August. Also you can get more information from the university website.

Bess: Thanks. I’ll do.Telmen: If you enter the university, you’ll have a chance

to participate in grant competition. Students are assessed depending on their task achievement and exam results. I guess the next competition will be held at the end of the semester.

Bess: Sounds nice. Are you going to apply for the grant?Telmen: Yes, I am. Bess, I’m sorry I need to go. Keep in

touch!Bess: See you then. Good luck!

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3b. Choosethecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.

1. Selena … (go / goes) to a university to become an accountant. 2. They always get up early in the morning. Because their class … (start / starts) at 9 am.3. What time does the train to Toronto … (leave / leaves)?4. The exams… (begin / begins) at the end of next week and 4) … (continue / continues)

until June 8. 5. Which day does the exhibition … (open / opens)?6. The plane (arrive / arrives) at 14:00 tomorrow.

4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1. tonight/ at/ restaurant/ The/ opens/ 19:00.2. in/ My/ starts/ ten/ final/ days/ exam.3. the/ Oxford/ to/ What/ leave/ time/ does/ train?4. Mongolian History/ at/ on/ 2 pm/ The/ ends/ lecture.5. time/ the/ begin/ session/ What/ does?6. The/ starts/ exhibition/ June 12/ art/on.7. comes/ The/ school bus/ in/ next/ minutes/ thirty five.

5. Inpairs,askandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1. What time does your class start tomorrow?2. What time does your class finish tomorrow? 3. When do your exams start this term?4. When does your summer holiday start this year?

6. Lookatthetimetableandwriteaboutyourstudyplan.

Example: My English language speaking class starts at 12 o’clock on Wednesday, Feb 28.Date Day Time Subjects

LanguageFebruary 28 Wednesday 12:00 English SpeakingMarch 1 Thursday 10:00 English GrammarMarch 7 Wednesday 09:00- 10:30 Grammar ExamMarch 8 Thursday Publicholiday

HistoryApril 4 Monday 09:20 Mongolian HistoryApril 6 Wednesday 12:00 World HistoryApril 14 Thursday 15:30 History of ArtApril 22 Friday 09:00- 10:30 Exam on Mongolian HistoryMay 3-24 FinalExams

When do you finish your school next year? - I finish my school next June.What time does your biology exam start tomorrow? - It starts at 8 o’clock tomorrow.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 2

APPLYING FOR A JOB

Words related to job applicationPresent continuous for future; be going to


1. Ingroups,discussthefollowingquote.

“There is nothing more satisfying than having plans.” Lalita Tademy

2a. Matchthewordsandexpressionstotheirdefinitions.

1. a position a. a job with flexible working hours2. educational background b. a post of employment3. a flextime job c. information about someone’s illegal actions4. a certification d. a place where you live currently 5. a criminal record e. general level of training and experience 6. a present address f. a written document which gives proof of something


2c. Odd one out.

1. a present address a door number a street a avenue information2. educational background a degree an interview achievement a qualification3. a certification a university a meeting a diploma a document4. a position a duty an employer clothing a salary5. a criminal record a country crime a police a robbery

3a. Listentothetelephoneconversationandchoosea or b.Whataretheytalkingabout?

a) Googlecompanyb) Ajobinterview

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1. Telmen is looking for a job. T F2. He found a job in Microsoft Corporation. T F3. He made an appointment with few companies. T F4. Telmen forgot to take his diploma. T F 5. Sally is leaving for France tomorrow. T F6. She is going to have a holiday in France. T F7. She will be away for three days at least. T F


I’m flying to Madrid tomorrow. I bought my ticket.We are going to meet some of our partners in Paris.

1. We use present continuous to express an … .a. intention b. arrangement2. We use be going to express an … .a. intention b. arrangement3. We form the present continuous with … .a. to be + V + ing b. to be + a base verb4. We use … after be going to in the sentence.a. a base verb b. verb + V-ing

4b. MatchthesentencesincolumnAtotheonesincolumnB.

A B1. I have bought my plane ticket. a. We are meeting at 10 tomorrow morning.2. We’ve signed on the contract. b. They are picking me up at the airport.3. I didn’t do very well in my exams. c. I’m flying to London tomorrow. 4. It’s all arranged. d. We are working together on this project. 5. They phoned me. e. It’s going to fall down.6. I’m sorry. I’m busy tonight. f. I’m going to work harder in future. 7. Look at that tree! g. I’m having dinner with my family.

5. Completethedialogwiththeverbsinbrackets.Usepresentcontinuousorbe going to.

Bess: Hey, Zulaa, what are you doing after school today?Zulaa: Well, first, I … (meet) my sister at the theatre at 5:30 pm. Then, we … (watch) an

opera at 6:00 pm.Bess: Wow, it sounds like you have a busy evening!Zulaa: Yes. How about you?Bess: I haven’t made any arrangements yet. After school, I … (walk) home and then I …

(do) my homework. Zulaa: By the way, I … (have) a trip to Khovsgol Lake with my family in July. We reserved

our gers in a camp. If you want, you can go with us! It seems fantastic. But, during the holiday I … (learn) Spanish. If my plan is

changed, I’ll join you.

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6. Lookatthediaryandwritesentences.Usepresentcontinuousorbe going to.

Example: She is applying for a job on Monday, July 7.

Remember!

Monday, July 7- apply for a jobSaturday, July 11- go to a gymTuesday, July 14- have a birthday partyWednesday, August 1- take an application result

Near future

attend training coursevisit her grandparentswrite a letter to her friendgo on holiday

7a. Dothegroupsurvey.Findsomeonewho:

• is doing what• is going to do what

Names Thingsyouaredoing ThingsyouaregoingtodoStudent A I finished my class. I’m leaving the classroom. I’m going to study in the library. Student B … …Student C … …


Example: Chimeg finished her class. She is leaving the classroom. She is going to study in the library.

8. Writeaboutyourfutureplan.Thinkof:

• things that you arranged to do• things that you are going to do in the future

They are going to ask about your experience.I am having a job interview tomorrow at 2 pm.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 3

JOB DESCRIPTION

Words related to jobsFuture simple (all forms)


1a. Matchthewordsandexpressionstotheirdefinitions.

1. a work experience a. the process of working with others2. a vacancy b. knowledge and skills that you gain for doing a particular job 3. collaboration c. the chance to do something you want to do 4. a qualification d. a short written description of your education and qualifications5. a personal quality e. an available position for someone6. an opportunity f. the achievement of an official standard7. a resume g. someone’s basic character or attribute


1c. Completethesentences.Usethewordsandexpressionsinactivity1a.

1. … is very important in a police department. They have to work together to detect crime.

2. As for my … …, I’m friendly and polite as well as responsible and hardworking.3. Look at the … list! There are some jobs we can apply for.4. To work as a tutor for this school, you have to have a recognized teaching … .5. Excuse me, could I see your …? I would like to get more information about you.6. Could you tell me about your … ? “Well, I’ve worked for Airline Company for 5

years.”7. I am glad to have an … to share my ideas and thoughts with you.

2a. Listentothejobinterviewandanswer.Didhegetajob?

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1. Which position did he apply for?2. Did he obtain any degree?3. How many languages can he speak?4. Does he have any work experience? 5. What duties will he have?6. How many hours does he have to work?7. Will he have to work on weekends? `


Will you work on weekends?You will work from 8 to 5.You won’t work overtime.

1. We use the future simple for ... . a. present actions b. future actions2. We use … to form future simple question. a. will + subject + a base verb b. will + a base verb + subject3. We use will + … to form the future simple. a. to + a base verb b. a base verb4. We use won’t to express … meaning. a. positive b. negative

3b. Puttheverbsinbracketsinthecorrectformoffuturesimple.

1. A: … (you / do) anything on Saturday morning? B: No, I … (not). I’m free.2. A: I’m having a job interview the day after tomorrow. … (you / go) with me? B: Yes, I … .3. A: I got a job in Google! B: Fantastic! When … (you / start)?4. A: Which question … (the interviewer/ ask) me? B: She … probably … (ask) about your education, experience, personal qualities and

so on.5. A: How long … a working day … (be)? B: You … (be) 8 hours.

4. Look at the prompts and make sentences using will or won’t.

Example: A tour guide will pick up the tourists from their hotel.

Whatwillatourguidedo?pick up the tourists from their hotel √plant flowers in the garden ×drive the tour bus in case of an emergency √sit back at the desk all day ×take care of patients ×have opportunity to see many places √

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5a. Inpairs,askandanswerquestionsusingthepromptsbelow.

Example: Student A: Will you learn driving next summer?Student B: Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.• learn driving next summer• go to university when you finish school• study hard for the next exam• have a graduation ceremony this spring

5b. Reporttotheclassaboutyourpartner.

Example: Telmen will learn driving next summer.

6. Inpairs,studythisjobdescription.Taketurnstoaskandanswer.

Example: Will I process information? - Yes, you will. Will I prepare dinner for a department? - No, you won’t. etc.

Description: Secretary

SecretaryJobDuties:• types letters and reports.• receives telephone calls, takes messages, makes appointments and provides

information to callers.• greet and receive visitors.• arranges meetings and conferences; makes travel reservations as needed. • establishes and maintains office files or other information • enters, updates, and deletes information from electronic files. • takes minutes or recordings of meetings. • sorts, opens, and distributes incoming mail to staff. • maintains confidentiality of documents and information received. • assists in the preparation of budgets and financial reports.

Skills/Qualification: typing skill, reporting skill, organization, collaboration.

7. Choose one of the jobs and write its description.

a nurse a journalist a firefighter a police officer a teacher a sales manager a model a professional footballer

What will I do on this position?You will answer the phone and help customers.You won’t work on weekends.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 4

A SURPRISE PARTY

Words related to partiesFuture time clauses: before, after, when and while


1a. Labelthepictureswiththeexpressionsfromthebox.

balloons with photo memoriesdessert featurecrackersrunning party buffetdrape streamers

congratulations bannermini bagelsplacing the presents on a tablebeach ball ceilingsending “Top Secret” invitation

a b c d

gfe

h ij


1c. Completethetable.Usetheexpressionsfromactivity1a.

SurprisepartyDecoration Food Activities

balloons with photo memories

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

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2a. Readthee-mailandchoosea or b.Whatdidshewriteabout?

a) Telmen’sjob b)PartyforTelmen

Dear Sally,

How are you? I miss you so much! You should be very busy with your graduation exam now. Just do your best and never give up! I support you always!

As you know, Telmen got a job in Google! Isn’t it fantastic? So, we are planning a surprise party for him. Before giving you the details of it, let me ask you one question – when will you come and see me? I need your help to prepare party buffet: crackers, bagels, ice cream and some drinks.

We planned to have a party at Bess’s house next Saturday. On that day, Telmen is having a short tour in Google. He said he would see us after that. Here are the plans. Tony and I will decorate the house using balloons with photo memories and a congratulations banner. I think it will be nice. I will order a cake from the bakery. Jane will pick it up when she goes shopping. Everyone should arrive at least an hour early. After we get ready, we will call him to come. Before he comes to the house, we will switch off all the lights and close the curtains. Then he will think that nobody is in the house when he comes in. While he is shocked, Tony will start singing and bring a congratulations cake into a room. After he finds out our surprise for him, we will show some photos of our childhood memories. Finally, we will switch on the lights and wish the best for him. Hope it will be a real surprise! We're all looking forward to having a big day.

Please call me as soon as you get my email.See you soon,Emujin

2b. Read again and number the pictures in the correct order. Then make sentences.

OFF

ON

ON

OFF


After we get ready, we will call him to come. Before he comes to the house, we will switch off all the lights and close the curtains. Then he will think that nobody is in the house when he comes in. While he is shocked, Tony will start singing and bring a cake in to a room.

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1. The sentences which express future events can consist of … . a. a main clause and a main clause b. a main clause and future time clause2. We use future time clauses to express … . a. events and actions in the future b. events and actions in the past3. We use ... after when, while, before and after in the sentence. a. a base verb b. will+ verb4. We use … in the main clause. a. a base verb b. will + verb

3b. Completethesentencesusingwhen, while, after and before.

Example: They will go to school when they are six years old.1. They will go to school … they are six years old.2. … they come home, I will prepare special food for their wedding ceremony.3. Her mother will write a letter to her … she is at college.4. … I go out, I will tidy my room.5. I promise I will buy you a present … I return from my holiday.6. … she passes her driving test, she will buy a new car.7. We will buy milk and sugar … the shop closes.

4. Puttheverbsinbracketsinthecorrectform.

1. A: I’m going to the theater tonight. B: Well, while you … (be) there, I … (do) some housework.2. A: … (you/ call) me when you … (get) home? B: Yes, of course.3. A: We’ve run out of butter. B: That’s OK. I … (do) shopping after I … (finish) work. 4. A: What are your plans in the future? B: I want to work after I … (graduate) from school.5. A: Before she … (sleep), she … (do) her homework.

5. In pairs, ask and answer.

1. Have you ever had a surprise party for your birthday?2. If your friend or parents do the surprise party for you, how will you feel?

6. Writealettertoyourfriendaboutasurprisepartyplanforsomeone.Thinkof:

• a place where party will be held• food or drinks for a party• things you will do

After we get ready, we will call him to come. Before he comes to the house, we will switch off all the lights and close the curtains. Then we will let him seem like nobody’s inside when he comes in. While he is shocked, Tony will start singing and bring a cake into a room.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK



VOCABULARY

1. MatchthewordsincolumnAtoonesincolumnBtomakeexpressions.

A B1. fascinating a. quality 2. colorful b. event 3. personal c. banner 4. educational d. background 5. academic e. year6. criminal f. experience7. good g. record

2. Unjumblethewords.Thenwriteasentencewitheachword.

1. NFITUQAACIOIL ...2. YCAVANC ...3. IONTARLLOCOBA ...4. FFETUB ...5. MISSIDAON ...6. LOLONAB ...

3. Choose a, b or c.

1. We have a … tomorrow. So we don’t have to go to school. a. work day b. public holiday c. school day2. I’m busy studying for my … . a. application b. banner c. midterm exams3. Next … is tomorrow. A winner will be awarded with $800 . a. exam b. grant competition c. holiday4. Did you get my party… ? - I sent it yesterday. a. invitation b. cake c. buffet5. I’m looking for a … because I have to take care of my grandma. a. full-time job b. flextime job c. overtime job

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STRUCTURES

4. Completethesentenceswiththeverbsinthebox.Usepresentcontinuousorbe going to.

help come work see watch go meet

Example: We are coming home tonight. The airline canceled our flight.

1. We … home tonight. The airline canceled our flight.2. She … me later. I don’t know when she is available.3. I … basketball match with him. We bought the tickets yesterday.4. Take your resume with you! They … it to get more information.5. My friends … to a restaurant tonight. They’ve already ordered a table.6. He is still sleeping. He … on a project all night.7. Look! It’s her name card. We … tomorrow again. Perhaps they will hire me.

5. Completetheconversationswiththeverbsinbrackets.Usewill or won’t.

1. A: I don’t believe all these predictions. In the next twenty years we … (have) flying cars.

B: But I think we … .2. A: … we … (be) friends in ten years? B: Of course. We … (be) friends.3. A: Take your coat with you or you … (be) cold. B: No, I … . It’s not cold outside, mom.4. A: I promise I … (do) my homework in the morning. B: No, you … . You’re always sleepy in the morning. Do it now.5. A: … you … (find) an apartment in Chicago? I think it … (be) difficult. B: Yes. But I … (try).

6. JointhesentencesincolumnAwithsuitablesentencesincolumnB.

Example: I’ll look for a job after I graduate from my school. A B1. I’ll look for a job a. my alarm rings.2. Mom will bake a cake when b. he is on his way home.3. I’ll clean the house after c. she meets him tonight.4. They’ll make a call while d. I finish doing my homework.5. I’ll get up before e. our relatives visit us.6. She’ll send him a message f. I graduate from my school.7. He’ll buy some magazines g. they arrive in town.


7a. Listentotheconversationandanswer.Aretheytalkingabout...?

a)communicationtechnologyb)afuturecareer

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1. Enkhjin is interested in physics only. T F2. She is going to be a physician. T F3. There aren’t many technical universities. T F4. Communication is widely spread in the army. T F5. It’s not easy to imagine our lives without communication. T F6. Steve wants to become a doctor. T F7. He will help people as he becomes a doctor. T F

8. Inpairs,talkaboutyourfutureplans.Thinkof:

• a university where you will study• a job you will get• a place where you will live

9a. Completethejobdescriptionusingtheappropriatepromptsfromthebox.

interviews people serves food and drinks investigates stories attends press conferences records interviews counts money collaborates with photographers and editors use calculators

Description: Newspaper Journalist

Newspaper Journalist Job Duties:

- Interviews people

- …

- …

- …

- …

Skills/Qualifications:Computing skills, reporting skills, organization, and collaboration.

9b. Inpairs,talkaboutnewspaperjournalistduties.Usethedutiesintheboxbelowanda future form.

Example: Will a newspaper journalist interview people? – Yes, he / she will. Will a newspaper journalist serve food and drinks? – No, he / she won’t.

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READING AND WRITING

10a. Readthefollowingandanswer.Howmanypredictionswerementionedinthisessay?

I think the life in the future won't be very different by now. The technology will change everything - life in space, transport and the most important thing - the life on the Earth and the life of the ordinary men.

The new technologies will give opportunities for the people to move from place to place. There will be faster trains, even the bullet trains. The airports will use different kinds of planes. They will be smaller, but faster. You will be able to cross the continents just for a couple of hours. There will be changes in the urban transport too. There will be faster trams, but they will be more expensive. The urban transport that will have been improved tremendously is the subway. More and more subway stations will have been built.

My next prediction is about robot's helping to make our life better. During next fifty years, computers will be much more intelligent than today and it will change people's lives. They will help people work, learn, plan and decide. They will help people from different countries to understand each other by automatically translating from one language to another. Intelligent computers will work as scientists and will start making discoveries on their own.

Next prediction is about our body and what we can do to become stronger and healthier during the next 50 years. I believe that soon we will be able to repair the human body in the same way that we can replace damaged parts of a car or a washing machine. Five years from now we will be able to grow new fingers and a few years after that – new arms and legs. Within fifty years, replacing your whole body will be normal.

In conclusion, I want to say that there are many predictions about the future but their fulfillment depends only on us.


1. What will the planes be like in the future?2. How long will it take to cross the continents?3. How will the urban transport change?4. How the robots will help people?5. Will intelligent computers be able to make translation?6. What will people be able to do to their body fifty years from now?7. Do you think these predictions are realistic? If yes, why?

11. Write3paragraphsaboutyourpredictionsforthefuture.Usesomeoftheseideas:

• your town• transportation• technology• climate


Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to future planstalk about timetables using the present simpletalk about future intentions and arrangements using be going to and the present continuoustalk about future plans using future simple and future time clauses: before, after, when and whilelisten and understand factual information on future plansread and understand future plans and predictions

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UNIT 6 PEOPLE AND EVENTS

LESSON 1

GRADUATION CEREMONIES

Words related to graduation ceremoniesPresent passive (positive, negative)


1a. Lookandlabelthepictures.a

d

b

e

c

f

1. giving a speech 2. inviting guests 3. delivering a performance 4. presenting awards and certificates 5. a graduation ceremony 6. singing a national anthem

1b. Makeasmanysentencesasyoucanusingtheexpressionsfromactivity1a.

Example: Giving speeches at graduation ceremonies became a common tradition in many countries.

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2a. Readamagazinearticleandanswer.Whatdoestheword‘graduation’mean?

At the end of each calendar year and in March, new

pocketbooks are displayed in the stationery shops. There are two types of pocketbooks: some begin from January and others begin from April. It is thought that the first one is the ‘calendar year’ which runs from January to December, and the second one is the ‘fiscal year’ which runs from April to March. In Japan a lot of events in government offices, companies and schools are not organized according to the calendar year’. The reason is related to the school year which begins in April and ends in March next year. There are a lot of events related to ushering in the new fiscal year, but for any Japanese person, graduating after completing their studies is an important milestone in their life. Most of the graduation ceremonies

take place in February or March. As usual, graduation ceremonies start with an opening address, and continue with everyone singing the national anthem. The program also includes presentations of diplomas, a speech by the school principal, congratulatory speeches by honored guests such as the mayor, speeches by current and graduating students and the presentation of graduation presents. Students might sing ‘Hotaru no Hikari’ or their school anthem before the closing address. Uniforms are not worn by students for the graduation ceremonies. Students typically wear their own clothes, but most women dress in a hakata. Hakata were originally worn by teachers of women’s school from Meiji to Taisho areas (the second half of the 19th century to early half of the 20th century), but gradually

the practice spread to students. However, in modern times, it is considered to be a special outfit worn at graduation. Most students wear rented hakata. This is because there are hardly any occasions for which it can be worn. The word ‘graduation’ in Japanese, is not only used in reference to education, but also to express the fact that many other kinds of things are ‘finished’. It seems that many Japanese feel that milestones in life are reached during events, such as graduation, that take place at the end of the fiscal year cherry trees begin to bud. Therefore, for many Japanese people, cherry blossoms are often symbolic of being promoted, going up a grade, entering a school, or entering the world as an adult member of society.

2b. Readagainandmakealistofideasmentionedintheparagraphs.

Paragraphs Main ideas DetailedinformationParagraph 1 A calendar and fiscal yearParagraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4

2c. Ingroups,discusstheinformationfromthearticle.Answerthefollowingquestions.

1. What do a calendar year and a fiscal year mean?2. What is a graduation ceremony?3. When is it held in Japan? Why?4. What activities are organized during graduation ceremonies?


A National anthem is sung by chorus. Graduation ceremonies are held at the end of March.Uniforms are not worn for the graduation ceremonies.

1. We use … sentences when we don’t mention who did the action. a. passive b. active2. We use … sentences when we talk about actions in general. a. present passive b. past passive

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3. We form the present passive with … a. to be + participle b. only participle4. We form a … sentence by adding the word ‘not’. a. positive b. negative

3b. Puttheverbsinbracketsintothepresentpassiveforms.

1. Most of important events in Japan … (to organize / not) around the fiscal year.2. A lot of guests … (to invite) to the graduation ceremonies.3. An opening speech … (to make) by the school principal.4. A school anthem … (to sing) before the closing address.5. Parents … (to touch) by the farewell words.6. Traditionally, a hakata … (to wear) by women.7. The word ‘graduation’ … (to use / not) in reference to education only.8. One of the mothers said, “I … (to move) by the expressions of thanks”.9. When the diplomas … (to present), children look at parents to show their expressions.10. Things … (to finish / not) by the end of the calendar year.

4. IngroupsdiscusshowgraduationceremoniesareheldinMongolia.Usethepicturepromptsbelow.

a

c

b

d

Example: In Mongolia, graduation ceremonies are held in June.

5. Exchangeandcompareyourideaswithanothergroup.

The word ‘graduation’ in Japanese is used on different occasions.Most women are dressed in a hakata.Some events are not organized around the calendar year.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 2

THE ROSE PARADE

Words related to parades Past passive; prepositions by, with, in, from


1a. Lookatthepicturesandmatchthemwiththewordsfromtheboxbelow.a

d

b

e

c

f

1. a football team 2. a game of tug-of-war 3. a flower-covered float 4. equestrians 5. a marching band 6. a horse-drawn carriage

1b. Fillinthegapswiththeabovewords.

1. The game is played by …2. … is usually held every year.3. … are the most colorful part of a parade.4. … is designed by professional artists.5. It is interesting to watch …6. In the early years, … was first used instead of a motorized float.7. … was added to the parade later.

2a. Readthearticleandanswer.What’sthepurposeoftheRoseParade?

The Rose Parade, officially the Tournament of Roses Parade, is "America's New Year Celebration" held in Pasadena, California, a festival of flower-covered floats, marching bands, equestrians and the Rose Bowl college football game on New Year's Day. It is organized by the non-profit Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association. Originally started

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on January 1, 1890, the Rose Parade is watched in person by hundreds of thousands of spectators on the parade route, and is broadcast on multiple television networks in the United States. It is seen by millions more on television worldwide in more than 200 international territories and countries. The Rose Bowl college football game was added in 1902 to help fund the cost of staging the parade.

Members of Pasadena's Valley Hunt Club first staged the parade in 1890. Since then the parade has been held in Pasadena every New Year's Day, except when January 1 falls on Sunday. In that case, it is held on the subsequent Monday, January 2. This exception was made official in 1893. According to the Tournament of Roses Association Web site, this "Never on Sunday" policy was decided in order "to avoid frightening horses tethered outside local churches and thus interfering with worship services." Therefore, the parade has never been held on Sunday. Incidentally, the Rose Bowl Game is also not held on Sunday to avoid competing with the National Football League. Other bowl games usually held on January 1 also follow this rule.

Many of the members of the Valley Hunt Club were former residents of the American East and Midwest. They wished to showcase their new California home's mild winter weather. At a club meeting, Professor Charles F. Holder announced, "In New York, people are buried in the snow. Here our flowers are blooming and our oranges are about to bear. Let's hold a festival to tell the world about our paradise." So the club organized horse-drawn carriages covered in flowers, followed by foot races, polo matches, and a game of tug-of-war on the town lot that attracted a crowd of 2,000 to the event. Upon seeing the scores of flowers on display, the professor decided to suggest the name "Tournament of Roses."

Over the next few founding years, marching bands and motorized floats were added. Activities soon included ostrich races, bronco busting demonstrations, and an odd novelty race between a camel and an elephant.

On parade morning the various elements are merged and dispatched in front of Tournament House. The parade starts headed north on South Orange Grove Boulevard beginning at Ellis Street and ends at Paloma Street near Victory Park and Pasadena High School. In total the Parade route is 5.5 miles (8.9 km) long; the assembled bands, horse units and floats take approximately two hours to pass by. The 2013 parade featured 42 floats, 23 marching bands and 21 equestrian units.


1. Where is the Rose Parade held?2. How many people do watch the Parade?3. When was the first Rose Parade organized?4. Who organized it first and why?5. Why was the Rose Bowl college football game added to the Parade?6. What happens during the Rose Parade?7. How long is the route of the Rose Parade?8. How many floats were in 2013?

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The Rose Bowl college football game was added in 1902 to the Rose Parade. The ‘never on Sunday’ policy was decided by the Pasadena Valley Hunt Club.Horse-drawn carriages were covered with flowers.

1. We use the past passive to talk about events … a. in general b. in the past2. We form the past passive with … a. to be in the past + participle b. to be in the present + participle3. Sometimes we use … to add more details. a. time expressions b. prepositions by, with, in, from

3b. Put the words in the right order to make sentences.

Example: The first / held / Parade / in the 18th century / was / Rose.The first Rose Parade was held in the 18th century.

1. The first / held / Parade / in the 18th century / was / Rose.2. were / as floats / carriages / used / horse-drawn.3. the parade / televised / in 1947 / first / was.4. the Rose / the football / later / was / Parade / added / game / to.5. the Tournament / renamed / the town / Park / place was.6. 700,000 people / year / by / the Rose / more than / last / was / Parade / attended.7. decorated / Floats / flowers / with / were / beautiful.8. to use / No artificial / allowed / were / flowers.9. floats / The Scouts’ were / by volunteers / designed.10. website / in 2009 / 13 million times / Roses / was / the Tournament of / visited.

4. Ingroups,talkaboutthe‘DeelteiMongol’parade.Usethepromptsandthepastpassive.

• Date • Place • Participants• The purpose • Main features

5. Writeasummaryaboutthe‘DeelteiMongol’parade.Usethepastpassive.

The first Rose Parade was organized in 1890.The horse-drawn carriages were decorated with flowers.Last year the Rose Parade was watched by more than 700,000 people.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 3

TOKYO OLYMPICS

Words related to the Olympic GamesFuture passive


1a. Matchthewordswiththeirsynonyms.

1. The Olympic Games a. main points2. The Paralympic Games b. lessons3. An orientation seminar c. sports competitions4. The Organizing Committee d. a summary5. Key milestones e. preliminary discussions6. A general overview f. equipment and resources7. Key learnings g. an executive board8. Sports facilities h. sports events for disabled people

1b. Makesentenceswiththeexpressionsaboveandpracticesayingtoeachother.

Example: The Olympic Games are popular sports competitions.

2a. ListentotheTVnewsandanswer.Whatisthemainideaofthenews?


1. The Orientation seminar on organizing the Olympic Games was held on November 14-15.

2. Key milestones were discussed at the seminar.3. Tokyo will be the first city to host Paralympic Games.4. Participants took part in the spirited discussions.5. Mr. Takeda is the Tokyo Metropolitan Government official.6. The Olympic Village was built in Tokyo.

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The Olympic Games will be held in Tokyo in 2020. The Paralympic Olympic Games will be organized in Japan for the second time.

1. We use the future passive to talk about events … a. in the present b. in the future2. We form the future passive with … a. to be + participle b. will be + participle

3b. Changethepresentorpastpassivesentencesintofuturepassive.

1. General ideas are presented at the seminar.2. A lot of discussions were organized by the committee.3. Sports facilities were prepared for the competitions.4. Lessons are learned from discussions.5. The committee is required to do a lot of things.6. New hotels were built in Tokyo.

4. Lookandwriteonesentenceforeachpicture.Usethefuturepassive.

Our house ______________

The football match ______

My bike ________________

The Olympic Games _____

My birthday _____________

A new uniform _________

5. Ingroups,discussthefollowingquestions.

• What will your school look like in the future?• What will be changed?• How will schools be built?

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6a. Do the project. In groups, make a design of the future school. Use the followingprompts:

Rooms and classroomsA library

A teachers’ roomA gym

A computer lab

6b. Presentyourprojecttotheclass.Usethefuturepassive.

Our new school will be built in 10 years from now. There will be a tall building with many

classrooms. Classrooms will be equipped with new

technology. …

A new village will be designed. New schools will be built.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 4

EDUCATION FAIR

Words related to education fairsActive vs. passive structures


1a. Match the words and expressions with their pictures.a

d

b

e

c

f

1. booths 2. an exhibition 3. presenters4. attendees 5. higher education institutions 6. leaflets

1b. Writeonesentenceforeachpictureabove.

Example: A lot of people visited the exhibition.

2a. Listentothetelephoneconversationandanswer.Whyandforwhomisaneducationfairorganized?

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1. What has Mark just done?2. How was the education fair?3. Why is he suggesting Uyanga to go to the education fair?4. What do the universities offer?5. What does Uyanga think?6. What programs are offered by the universities?7. Where is it possible to get general information about the programs?8. What does Uyanga ask for?9. What do both Mark and Uyanga think about the event?


Universities introduce their programs.Programs are introduced by universities.

1. We use … to point out who did the action. a. the active b. the passive2. We use … to point out the action. a. the active b. the passive3. We form the active with … a. to be + participle b. only a main verb4. We form the passive with … a. to be + participle b. only a main verb

3b. Jointhewordstomakemeaningfulactiveorpassivesentences.

1. Presenters / introduce / the programs2. Leaflets / distribute / to attendees3. Universities / organize / an education fair4. Booths / present / universities5. Useful information / give / exhibition6. The technical universities / run / engineering programs7. Arts programs / offer / colleges8. The event / hold / at the Blue Sky Hotel

4a. Inpairs,lookatthepicturesandaskandanswerthe questionsaboutthem.

1. What was presented at the Canadian Education Fair?2. Who presented the information?3. Who attended the Fair?4. Which colleges and universities were there?5. Have you ever been to any Education Fair?6. What do you think about the purpose of the event?

Date: October 27,2013Venue: the Blue Sky Tower HotelOrganizer: the Embassy of Canada, MongoliaEducational institutions: 21 universities and colleges of CanadaAttendees: more than 2200

the

What was presented at the Canadian Education Fair?

What do you think about the purpose of the event?What do you think about the purpose of the event?

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Example:

Who organized this event?

Who organized this event?

It was organized by the Embassy

of Canada.

It was organized by the Embassy

of Canada.

4b. Exchangeyourideaswithanotherpair.

5. Useyourowninformationandwriteabouttheeducationfair.Followtheoutline:

• The date of the event• The venue of the event• The purpose of the event• Booths• Attendees

Universities offer various programs.Various programs are offered by universities.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK

Revise unit vocabulary and structuresCheck personal learning progress


VOCABULARY

1. Find10wordsinthewordsquare.(→↑)

T E Y N I L F A U PO R G A N I Z E D RI N T R O D U C E ER D I S C U S S C SH O G R E W S I O EQ A T T E N D N R NG B H Y O T U G A TB R O A D C A S T PE M L F I O F F E RV C D E H P I R A J

2. Put the words under the correct headings.

A graduation ceremony, a festival, graduates, an education fair, guests, a national anthem, organizers, a fiscal year, a parade, equestrians, a football team, a tournament, horse-drawn carriages, a football game, a float, the Olympic Games, a seminar, an executive board, participants, an exhibition.

Events People Other… … …… … …

3. Completethesentenceswiththewordsfromactivities1and2.

1. Sportsmen from different countries compete in the …2. Schools and universities hold … according to a fiscal year.3. … is part of the Tournament of Roses.4. There were a lot of … in the seminar.5. … is sung at the important events. 6. Universities and colleges introduce their programs at the … .7. Several issues have been discussed by … .8. Various people and agencies decorate their … with fresh flowers.

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STRUCTURES

4. Put theverbs in thecorrectpresent,pastor futurepassive formtocompleteeachsentence.

1. Speeches … (to make) by honored guests. Speeches are made by honored guests.2. Following events … (to organize) next year.3. Some activities such as an ostrich, camel or elephant race … (to add) to the parade

later.4. Interesting ideas … (to present) at the last seminar.5. Flower-covered floats … (not to decorate) with artificial flowers.6. A new Olympic village … (to build) before the 2020 Olympic Games.7. The last education fair … (to attend) by more than 2000 people.8. Uniforms … (not to wear) by students at the graduation ceremonies.9. The Rose Parade … (not to hold) on Sunday.

5. Completethesentenceswithprepositionsby, with, from or in. Use some of them more than once.

1. The parade is televised … many countries.2. The education fair was organized … the Embassy of Canada.3. The first Olympic Games were held … 1959.4. In Mongolia, graduation ceremonies are held … June.5. A lot of floats were decorated … beautiful fresh flowers.6. The Tournament of Roses Parade was organized … 1890.7. The study programs are usually introduced … universities and colleges every year.8. The events are usually started … an opening speech.

6. Changethepositivesentencesintonegativeandnegativesentencesintopositive.

1. The 1954 parade was first televised nationwide on NBC. The 1954 parade was not first televised nationwide on NBC.2. The 2009 Parade was broadcast to 217 countries in over 20 languages.3. The Tournament of Roses website was visited 13 million times during the week of the

2009 parade.4. The website is not viewed in 150 countries.5. The 2010 Parade was watched via TV in 127 countries including China.6. The education fair is not organized every year.7. The seminar will not be organized before the Olympic Games.8. The guests will not be invited to the event.

7. Changeactivesentencesintopassive.

1. Individual people and agencies decorate floats with beautiful flowers. Floats are decorated with beautiful flowers by individual people and agencies.

2. All students sing a national anthem at the graduation ceremony.3. Japanese women usually wear a hakata.4. The education fair didn’t present some universities and colleges.5. A lot of people watched the festival.6. Sportsmen will wear special uniforms.7. Participants discuss a lot of issues at the seminar.8. Equestrians don’t decorate floats.

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8a. Listentotheinterviewandanswer.WhatistheASIATRYmovementabout?


Purpose of the ASIA TRY movement

DatesoftheeventinMongolia Participants Activities

9. Ingroups,makealistofeventsandtalkaboutthem.Usethepromptsbelow.

• Dates• Venue• Purpose• Participants• Organizing committee

READING AND WRITING

10a. Read a magazine article and choose atitleforit.

a) Celebratingalongstandingnight b) A historic venuewith strong British

heritage c) Rio’sSambaBeatlesinLiverpool

Thousands of people across the world are members of samba schools; there are over 300 schools in the UK alone. The Liverpool Samba School was formed in 1995 and since then many people have passed through its doors. After the Millennium Carnival in Rio 2000, the decision was made to bring this awesome spectacle home to Liverpool and create the first Brazilian samba carnival in the UK. It provides an exciting platform for groups to get together and celebrate their passion for Brazilian music and the magic of carnival.In 2007 the Liverpool Carnival Company was formed and the first annual Brazilian samba carnival parade was held in Liverpool as part of the city’s 2008 Capital of Culture celebrations. In its sixth year the carnival parade was bigger and better. From the beginnings of the nighttime parade, a massive three day festival was created in 2010, and since 2011 with the support of City Central Bid, the Williams Square at the heart of the city center

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hosts a main stage, programed with 11 hours of music and dance from performers and DJs from across the globe. Building on success of Brazilica 2013 festival was even bigger and better than ever before!On July 19, 2013 Rhythms of the City were presented by the lead singers from Bloco du Sargento Pimenta, Rio’s Samba Beatles. They opened the British Carnival by performing at the historic Liverpool Cavern, 52 years after the Beatles first performance. This Bloco only played Beatles songs, and were 2013 year winners of ‘best street bloco’ at the world famous, Rio de Janeiro Carnival. Band leaders have flown in from Rio to play the Cavern and to join in the UK’s biggest Brazilian carnival, Brazilica in Liverpool and parade with premier UK samba percussion squad, Rhymes of the City.Over 500 performers took part in this Rio-style carnival weaving its way through the city center with glittering costumes, floats and irresistible samba music and dance. The beautiful, bejeweled samba dancers, Brazilian style drummers and spectacular floats started their journey through the city at 8pm and ended at 11pm Williamson Square where a number of acts took to the stage in a completely free fiesta for everyone to enjoy.

10b. Read again and choose the correct answer.

1. The Liverpool Samba school … a. formed other schools in the UK b. created the first Brazilian samba

carnival parade in the UK c. joined an awesome carnival in Brazil2. The nighttime parade … a. was attended by 30,000 people b. was televised and watched by

30,000 people c. was viewed by 30,000 people3. In its sixth year the parade … a. was organized only at night time b. included only dance performances c. was organized for 3 days 4. In 2013, the British carnival …

a. was opened with street music b. was opened with Beatles songs

sung by lead singers c. was opened with exciting speeches5. The Brazilica Carnival includes … a. a parade of band leaders from all

over the world b. a parade of great performers c. a parade of dancers and musicians,

and fantastic floats6. The British Carnival is … a. a great event to unite the UK and Rio b. a British music and dance

performance c. a Brazilian dance festival

11. Writeanemail toyourimaginarypenpalonthetopic‘Agraduationceremonyinpeople’slife’.Followthestepsbelow:

• make a plan of an email (to put your ideas in a logical order)• write an introduction part (keep it short)• express your personal ideas (mind appropriate words, expressions and grammar

structures)


Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to people and eventsuse present and past passive sentencestalk about people and eventslisten and understand factual information on people and eventsread and understand factual information on people and events

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UNIT 7 NEWS, NEWS! …

LESSON 1

POWERFUL PEOPLE

Words related to people's achievementsPresent perfect for indefinite past



• Can you tell about a person who influenced you to be successful?• Have you ever met a famous person who has contributed a lot to your country

development?• Who can influence you to make progress?


1. influential a. a condition of being successful, well-being2. to prove b. disapproval of someone or something 3. a criticism c. to demonstrate the truth by evidence 4. fiscal d. to take a risk5. prosperity e. a government revenue, especially taxes6. to venture f. having the power to make changes

2b. Completethesentences.Usethewordsfromactivity2a.

1. Young people usually dare to … on a long journey.2. My parents have been the most ... people in my life.3. The government has introduced its annual ... budget.4. We should take care of ... for our nation.5. He received a lot of … when he decided to quit the college.6. High-qualified experts came to … effectiveness of a new technology after years of

tests.

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3a. Listen to the reporter and label the pictures of the people in the order they arementioned.


Who Whathasdoneorhasn'tdoneyet?Barack Obama Hillary Clinton Mark Zuckerberg Steven Spielberg


The Time magazine has announced the most influential people in the world.Steven Spielberg has won Best Movie Oscar three times.

1. We use … to talk about things that happened in the indefinite past. a. past simple b. present perfect 2. We use ... to talk about things that happened a number of times. a. present perfect b. past simple 3. We use ... to form the present perfect. a. have / has + past participle b. have / has + a base verb

4b. Writetheverbsinbracketsinthecorrectform.

1. Obama ... (be) responsible for leading a powerful country.2. The company leader ... (not finish) his last project for prosperity for the company yet.3. Hillary ... (play) a critical role in the international relations. 4. Spielberg's movies ... (make) nearly $8 billion, the highest in the filmmaking history. 5. Facebook ... (become) one of the most popular social networking sites. 6. Mary ... (not buy) any software programs for her laptop.7. ... Time ... (announce) the greatest and the most influential people to the public? 8. The political and economic situation ... (not allow) the president to make a decision.

5. Inpairs,readthesituationsandanswer.Whathappenedtothesepeople?

Example: Paul is a successful football player. During the match, he played last; he slipped and broke his leg. Now he is at home. - He has broken his leg.

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1. Last few years John was interested in an online purchase. Unfortunately, a few days ago he realized that his identity was hackered. He can't access his account.

2. Rodham went to the car fair a month ago. Now he has a new car.

3. Tony tried to run his business for a telecommunication market. At last, he won an investment project in Asia. He looks as a successful businessperson.

4. The students went on an excursion to visit the historical museum in Moscow. Last year they went to Saint Petersburg, too.

5. Mongolian athletes participated in the free style wrestling championship. They have two medals.

6. Inpairs,thinkofaninfluentialpersoninyourarea.Imaginethatyouaregoingtomeethim.Preparesomequestionstoaskabouthis/hersuccess.

Example:

What have you done to be

successful?

What have you done to be

successful?......

The family has bought a new car for their needs.They have volunteered twice to help the community.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 2

PERSONAL NEWS

Words related to letter writingPresent perfect for recent and for time continuing up to now



• Do you write letters?• What kind of letter do you write?• Do you agree that emails replace letters?• Have you ever written a formal letter?

2a. Lookatthelayoutofaninformalletterandmatchthenumberswiththewordsandexpressions from the box.

signature body ( present situation) friendly closing friendly opening reason for writing sender's address the date the letter was written friendly greeting introduction body ( wish in the past )

1. 326 Western LaneNew York, NY 10027

2. February 12, 2014

3. Dear Amy,

4. Thank you a lot for your last letter. It was a nice surprise to hear from you. I'm sorry I haven't written to you earlier, I had to organize some things concerning my trip.

5. Do you remember that I've always wanted to visit some unusual places? But you'd never guess where I've chosen to spend my holiday. It's Brazil! You would never think of it, would you? I'm so excited about it!

6. The people I travel with are incredible. It's their fourteenth expedition. They know every path in the jungle by heart and they are very helpful. They share their knowledge and experience with me. Would you believe that here everything is different? You even need to set your tent in a special way. It's very challenging.

7. Anyway, I'd like to see you when I get back. Have you completed your history project yet? Good luck. I'll write back soon.

8. Love,Becky

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2b. Lookatthelayoutoftheformalletterandcompletethetable.

24, West RoadBakersfieldBT12 9BH

[email protected] 12, 2014

Mr G. Stone, ManagerFitness centerCentral RoadBakersfield

Dear Mr. Stone,

1. I am writing to apply for the job as a training instructor, as advertised in Thursday's Daily Post. This is an ideal job for my experience and qualifications.

2. Sports and fitness training have always been important to me, that is why I chose to take a diploma in Sports Science. I finished Sports Anatomy, Sports Physiology modules last year. I am a confident user of Microsoft Office 2010 and lately I have worked extensively with the Fitness Publisher, a program for analyzing fitness.

3. I have taken an opportunity to gain extra qualifications that were on offer at college, which have helped me to get a part-time work as an assistant instructor at Tiger Fitness center. I am used to working extra hours under high work pressure. I have also run a lunchtime aerobics class at college since the beginning of this year.

4. I will graduate from college in six weeks and I am keen to find an adequate full-time job. I could start any part time work or training sooner as most of my assignments are done.

5. I am enclosing my CV with my fully detailed qualifications and experience, which I hope, will suit you. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely, Lisa Powers

Outline ParagraphsIntroductionPurpose for writingQualifications and experienceFurther information

3. Lookattheletters'layoutinactivities 2a,2bandcompletethetable.

Informalletter FormalletterAddress of a sender more detailedAddress of a recipient not fullName of a recipient title and surnameGreeting Dear + first nameLanguage no short forms of verbsInformation personalClosing formal expressions

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4. Readtheletterandwritetheverbsinthebracketsinthepastsimpleorpresentperfect.

Dear Alan,

How are you?

It has ... (be) such a long time since we wrote to each other. Things both at work and at home ... (be) busy lately.

I’m happy to hear that you have a new job. I hope you will enjoy it.

I have some good news, too. Mervin and I ... (decide) to get married. We ... (not set) the date for the wedding yet, but I expect it will be sometime in September. Of course, we will let you know as soon as we decide. I really hope you’ll be able to come.

What else? Oh yes, I suppose you know that Anne and Harry ... (move) to the US. Harry has a new job and he works at McDonald’s head office. I ... (receive) an email from Anne a couple of weeks ago and she ... (seem) quite happy. We’ll probably try to visit them later in the year - after the wedding.

Anyway, that’s all for now. Let me know how things go with the new job and I’ll get in touch to send you an invitation when we arrange a wedding date.

Best wishes,

Clara

5. Writeacoverlettertoapplyforaparttimejob.Useaformatofaformalletterin2b.Followtheoutlinebelow.

Opening Paragraph 1 Briefly identify yourself and the position you are applying for. Paragraph 2 Give the reasons why you are interested in working for the company. State your

relevant qualifications and experience, as well as your personal qualities that meet the requirements for the job.

Paragraph 3 Inform them that you have enclosed your current CV and add any further information

that you think could help you to be hired. ClosingParagraph4 Express when you will be available for an interview, thank them for their consideration,

restate your interest and close the letter.

I've written a letter to my friends.Have you completed your history project yet?

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 3

A NEWS REPORT

Words related to giving news reportsPresent perfect vs. past simple; adjectives followed by prepositions


1a. Discussthefollowing.

• Did you know that the word news comes from the four points of the compass: North East West South? What does it mean?

• How do you get this information? What are different ways to get news?

1b. Matchtheadjectiveswiththeirsynonyms.

1. pleased with a. having the ability2. qualified for b. showing curiosity or concern3. responsible for c. happy and satisfied4. proud of d. known by many people5. interested in e. meeting the requirements for something6. grateful to f. feeling an appreciation for something7. famous for g. feeling pride8. capable of h. having an obligation to do something

2a. Listen and check.

2b. Completethesentencesusingcorrectprepositionsaftertheadjectives.

1. The president was pleased ... ideas of innovation.2. You had to speak to a manager; he was responsible ... customer complaints.3. I was very proud ... completing a project before a deadline last week.4. The new technician has been capable ... doing experiments.5. System providers were interested ... developing their programs.6. This company is famous ... investments in local educational organizations.7. I’m grateful ... my friend for his help.8. He was less qualified ... making presentations.

3a. Readandmatcheachnewspaperarticlewiththeirheadings.

a) ASmartTaximeterb) ForgersRevealedc) OpensPavedRoad

d) AncientCellarWineFounde) TheChuckleIndustryGrowthf) Beats12-TimeWorldChampion

1. __ 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ___ 5. ___ 6. ___

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The youngest contestant of the 38th World Draught Championship, M.Odgerel of Mongolia, has defeated Zoya Golubeva who is famous for a multi-time champion draught player all over the world. The legendary Zoya Golubeva hasn’t lost her top spot even after losing to the young player M.Odgerel due to awareness of being responsible for every move. The women’s championship first began in 1973 in the Netherlands.

Mongolia has completed a paved road connecting

Ulaanbaatar to the Chinese port. The Prime Minister attended an opening ceremony of the highway stretching from Sainshand to Zamyn-Uud yesterday. He said that trade between two countries has developed on a solid basis.

The UK Laughter Network has more than tripled in

membership since it launched nine years ago. A study in the US said a good chuckle helped children to relax and to fight cancer and diabetes. Laughter is good for young patients or those undergoing treatment. UK hospitals hire “clown doctors”, medical experts who dress up and entertain them. One of the customers, Jo Bluett was pleased with laughter and turned in to overcome health problems she experienced after losing her job.

1

Art forgery has been a hot topic lately since the

disclosure that Quan, a 73-year-old immigrant from China, now in Queens, created at least 63 drawings and paintings by famous painters. He has sold his works to collectors for about $80 million over a period of 15 years. He convinced that the works were authentic. His art teacher couldn’t believe that Quan would do art forgery. He said: "He was a very talented, honest person whom I was proud of. He never painted in the abstract style. He was interested in impressionist-type paintings. I feel sorry for him for doing forgery."

5

Scientists have uncovered a 3,700-year-old wine cellar

in the ruins of a palace in Israel, and a chemical analysis shows the place was qualified for keeping good stuff. Researchers found 40 ceramic jars in a good condition, in a single room of the palace.

2

Several Mongolian information technology

engineers have recently invented a smart taximeter. They have been capable of dealing with quite complicated elements. The taximeter is a smart tab with software that meets international standards. Taxi passengers were grateful for the inventors' work, particularly, fair price and security.

4

3

6


1. How has the UK organization expanded?2. Why is a laughter good for young patients?3. What have scientists discovered?4. Who has defeated the legendary draught player?5. How long has Quan done his forgery works?6. Who invented a smart taximeter?7. Why taxi passengers are grateful?8. What construction has Mongolia completed recently?


Scientists have uncovered a 3,700-year-old wine cellar in the ruins of a palace in Israel. Researchers found 40 ceramic jars in a good condition, in a single room of the palace.

1. We use ... to start a conversation. a. past simple b. present perfect2. We use ... to add specific ideas to a conversation. a. past simple b. present perfect

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3. We form the present perfect with ... of a base verb. a. past form b. past participle

4b. Readthefollowingsentencesandaddspecificideas.

Example: The Samsung has introduced a new smart phone.Yesterday they organized a press conference and announced a new model to the public.

1. Lately, it has been very cold. ...2. The World football cup has begun. ...3. Farmers have harvested crops. ...4. World leaders have arrived at the UN Assembly. ...5. Mining companies have invested in local schools. ...6. A Mazaalai bear has become extinct. ...

5a. Ingroupsof4-5,prepareanewsreport.Followtheguideline.

• When you plan your news report, provide the answers to the questions in the cycle.a. Who or what is the main

character in the news?b. What has happened to the main

characters?c. Where did an event take place?d. When did it happen?e. Why did it happen?f. How did it develop?

• The headline should catch the reader's eye

5b. Presentyournewsreporttotheclass.

Example: A Mongolian scholar has invented …

They have made great progress in the research field.They finished investigating the Southern area.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

WHO/WHAT

WHEN

HOW

WHY WHERE

WHAT HAPPENED

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LESSON 4

BACK TO THE PAST

Words related to past events Past perfect Conjunctions: before, by the time, when, until, after



1. a documentary a. extremely large2. a science fiction b. a group of people who operate a ship, plane3. legendary c. very famous 4. gigantic d. a film with a factual report5. a tragedy e. a large vessel6. a steamship f. an event causing great sadness7. a crew g. a genre with fantasy


1. The Titanic was a large ... which sank in its maiden voyage. 2. The … has made them closer to each other.3. This ... film is based on imaginary future scientific or technological advances. 4. Robin Hood has been a ... hero for many generations.5. The Ford is a ... corporation with many manufactures.6. A ... of eight people will operate the space station.7. The Discovery channel showed an interesting ... about first electronic gadgets.

2a. Listentotheconversationandanswer.Didanyonebelieveinatragedy?

2b. Listenagainandfillinthegaps.

Betsy finished her project on History then she studied some ... last week. She had finished reading a book about the ... Titanic before she went to the movie. She was really surprised to know that nobody ... … for such a ... . Before Titanic sank, the steamship companies … … the number of lifeboats. Even though, the passengers didn’t wear warm ... as well. Briefly, they ... … ready for any risk.

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By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had already begun.I had finished reading a book about the legendary Titanic before I went to the movie.

1. We use ... when we talk about an action that happened first. a. past simple b. past perfect 2. We use ... when we talk about an action that happened after a previous event. a. past simple b. past perfect 3. We use ... to form the past perfect. a. had + past participle b. a past form of a base verb

3b. Put the actions in the sentences in the right order.

1 2Example: Only 651 out of 2207 passengers had gotten into lifeboats when the Titanic sank.1. The gigantic ship had sunk before it set off.2. Before the ship spotted an iceberg it had received six warning alarms about a collision

ahead.3. The ship had not changed its direction when the iceberg came in sight.4. The Titanic had already gone down when the Carpathia arrived to help.5. When the Carpathia arrived, about 1500 passengers had already lost their lives.6. The passengers had never used lifeboats before they began to travel.7. The radio officer had sent a warning to the Titanic before he went to bed.

4. Completethesentencesusingacorrectverbforminthebrackets.

I ... (get up) around seven o'clock, and ... (have) shower and (make) a cup of tea and some toast. After I ... (have) breakfast, I ... (put on) my clothes for work. It ... (not take) long as I ... (iron) them on Sunday night. Then I ... (get ready) to leave the house. I ... (pick up) my lunch box, containing some sandwiches, I ... already ... (make) the night before. As I ... (open) the front door, the phone ... (ring). It ... (be) my sister. We ... (arrange) to have dinner before, but she ... (call) to say she ... (can't) make it because her car ... (break) down and she ... (need) to take it to the garage.

5. Inpairs,studythesituationsandwritethereasonsforwhathadhappened.Usebefore, by the time, when, until, after.

Example: Yesterday Susie looked tired. She stayed up studying her paper the night before.

1. The day before yesterday all flights were cancelled because of the fog. Therefore, Mike was late for the business conference in Tokyo.

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2. Maggie visited her grandparents last Sunday. She left her cell phone at the grandparents' house. She couldn’t find her cell phone at home.

3. The traffic was heavy and Kate was late for work. The manager reminded her not to be late anymore.

4. My sister unplugged the TV set. When I tried to switch it on, it didn't work.

5. It was 8 o'clock in the morning. When the guard came into the room, the safe was empty.

6. Writeashortstoryexpandingtheideasgivenbelow.Usethecorrectformofverbs.

Ideas: Heavy snow - get out - try to push a car - impossible - walk to the next village - tries to ask someone for help - no drivers find - pay lot of money - a jeep - pull car out the snow - find an engine badly damaged - disappoint

By the time the boat arrived, they had already put the tent down.Before the war began, they had managed to escape.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK

Revise vocabulary and structures of the unitCheck personal learning progress


VOCABULARY

1. Putthewordsintheboxinthecorrectcolumns.

Nouns

...

Verbs

to venture

Adjectives

...

influential, to prove, legendary, gigantic, to prove, to venture, prosperity, a criticism, fiscal, responsible for, associated with, a tragedy, capable of, a documentary

2. Write6-8sentencesusingthewordsfromactivity1.

STRUCTURES

3. Tick(√)thecorrectprepositionsinthetable.Thenmakesentencesusingtheadjectivesfollowedbyprepositions.

at for with of about tosuitableterrifiedafraidsimilarconcerneddisappointed excitedresponsible

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4. Copythesentencesinthecorrectcolumn.

Uses of the present perfectSomething that happened in the past and is part of our experience

Something that started in the past and is still continuing now

Something that happened in the past but the result is important now

How long have you worked here?

1. How long have you worked here? 2. Have you had lunch yet? 3. Watch out! Someone has spilled some milk. 4. They've locked the door. 5. She's been to a lot of countries. 6. I've lived here since I arrived in Hong Kong. 7. Have you ever thought of buying your own flat? 8. She's already left, I'm afraid. You could try her mobile. 9. I've had these shoes for about three years and they're still in a good condition. 10. How many times have you been to Japan?

5. Completethedialogue.Usethepresentperfectorpastsimple.

A: I ………………….. (see) Mert last night.B: Oh really, I ………………………….. (not see) him for two years. How is he?A: We ………………… (go) to the theatre two days ago.B: …………………. you (enjoy) the play?A: Yes, it …………………… (be) very good.A: I …………………………. (never / hear) of this group before. Are they famous?B: Yes, they are very popular. They ……………………… (be) famous for years.

SPEAKING

6.Numberthestripsinthecorrectordertomakeaconversation.Thenpractice.

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Sarah:Hello, Jason. How are you? It's been a long time since we last met.

Sarah:Do you know anyone at your new job?

Sarah:I'm glad that you have done so great. Good luck.

Sarah:Well, what would you tell about your new job?

Sarah:I've finished my course paper and I'm looking forward to going on vacation! How about you?

Jason:Thank you. See you soon.

Jason:I have been so busy with my new job that I haven't had time to do anything else.

Jason:Hi, Sarah I've got a new job now and it's going great. What have you been up to?

Jason:Yes, of course. First, I've made some new friends.They have been able to share their experiences and help me.

Jason:OK, I've presented my plan to my colleagues. I was a bit nervous, but they encouraged me to be confident. I liked them. In short, I'm more likely to have done everything well.

7a. Inpairs,imagineyouareTVreporters.Choosefromthenewsoptions.

• President of the company has been involved in a road accident. • A retired woman has won $10,000,000 in the national lottery.• A bus drivers’ strike has resulted in having no bus service all day.• Severe weather hit the countryside and many animals have been killed.

7b. Makeanoutlineandreportthenewstotheclass.

READING AND WRITING

8a. Puttheexpressionsandsentencesinthecorrectcolumns.

Informalletter. . .

Formalletter. . .

Dear Mr. Williams, See you later, Yours sincerely, Hi, how’s it going?, Lots of love,

Dear Jeff, I look forward to hearing from you soon, Sorry I haven’t written for a while, I am writing to apply for, please say hello to my aunt, I am enclosing my CV

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8b. Readtheletter.Whatisthemainmessageoftheletter?

Dear Carol,

How are you?

1. I'm very happy to hear from you. Sorry I haven't replied you. I've been busy studying for my exams for the last few weeks. Anyway, that is great that you have passed your exams. You probably are looking forward to starting your new job.

2. As for me, I have had many opportunities to sightsee here in Japan. Though I’ve already faced some cultural differences in reality, I love Japan. I like to scroll in the streets, visiting the huge department and electronics stores, bookstores. The thing I've noticed and amazed is how much Japan has been able to cram in to the island land that the country occupies. Lately it has rained a lot, so I cannot go out for my pleasure.

3. The next thing I was impressed upon is a system of recycling. It’s a wonder I have seen it nowhere else. Even in my dormitory, on each floor of the building, there are bins for sorting cans and glass bottles, plastics, and recyclable paper.

4. I think Japan sets a good example for practical waste management, no matter how large or small the country.

5. I have been here for almost a half year and now I speak Japanese quite well to converse on daily basis. The most important change is that I feel like an adult. I feel I have become more self-reliable. I think it's good to study abroad!

6. So far, that's all. Give my regards to your parents. Let me know how things go with your new job and keep in a touch.

7. Lots of love, Jennie

8c. Readtheletteragainandanswerthequestions.

1. Which paragraph has greeting and opening of the letter?2. In which paragraphs

a. Does Jennie pass the main message to the recipient?b. Can we read examples of impressions about Japan?c. Does she conclude the changes since she has been to Japan?d. Does she want to have more letters from Carol?

3. When does she use a friendly closing phrase?

9. Writeapersonallettertoyourfriend.Usetheletterinactivity8basanexample.


Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to providing newsuse present and past perfectwrite informal and formal letterslisten and understand factual information related to newsread and understand factual information related to news

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UNIT 8 LIVES AND LEGENDS

LESSON 1

THE FAMOUS WRITER

Words related to literatureRelative clauses: who, which, where, when, why



1. a metaphor a. a play or a movie, that is serious and has a sad ending2. a sonnet b. beliefs what is right and what is wrong3. rhetoric c. a likeness or analogy between two objects and ideas4. a romance d. a poem with 14 lines5. a tragedy e. the art of speaking or writing effectively6. morality f. a love story especially in the form of a novel

1b. Completethesentenceswiththewordsfromactivity1a.

1. She uses an imaginative … in her last poem.2. The Ancient Greek author Aesop's fables teach us …3. “Hamlet” is a Shakespeare's best-known … .4. “Tristan and Isolde” is an example of a great ... .5. A … is the study of the technique of using language effectively.6. A … has rhymes arranged in a fixed pattern.

2a. Readandanswer.Isitmainlyabouta)biographyorb)onlyhisworks?

William Shakespeare is the person, whose name is regarded as the greatest dramatist of all times. He was born on April 23, 1564 to John Shakespeare, a tradesman, and Mary Arden, the daughter of a landowner. He died on the same day at the age of 52, 1616. As the third of eight children, young William grew up in a small town Stratford-upon-Avon, England.

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Shakespeare attended the local grammar school, where he received classical education of a Greek, Roman comedy, ancient history, a rhetoric, grammar, and Latin. When he was a child, his father was in serious financial debt. It was the main reason why he did not attend any university.

In 1582 at the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, who was eight years older than he was. They had three children. Between 1590 and 1592, Shakespeare acted in numerous plays written not only by others but also by him.

Around 1595, Shakespeare wrote Richard II, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and The Merchant of Venice which proved his talent. Shakespeare's career showed growth towards the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th century. He wrote more than thirty plays, including King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra.

Shakespeare began to write poetry when theaters closed due to plague in 1593-1594. During this period he wrote poetry and one hundred and fifty four of his sonnets have survived, ensuring his reputation as a gifted poet.

He was extremely innovative. He adapted the traditional style in his own way by adding metaphors and rhetorical phrases. Shakespeare touched various genres of playwriting including a comedy, a romance, a tragedy and history. He classically defined several of human emotions like betrayal, retribution, and failure in morality in Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth. Most of these works had tragic endings. He had a big reputation and a relatively wealthy life.

Shakespeare is an author whose works have been translated into every major language of the world and his plays are performed more than that of any other playwrights. Reflecting upon his achievements Ben Jonson wrote about Shakespeare, “He was not of an age, but for all time.”

2b. Read again and correct the sentences.

1. Shakespeare lived in the 15th century.2. He studied only grammar in a local school.3. Shakespeare's father was a serious tradesman, so he attended university.4. His wife was 8 years younger than William.5. Shakespeare didn't act in plays written by him.6. He touched positive traits of human emotions.7. He was innovative to keep the traditional style of writing. 8. He was a playwright, whose works have been translated into few languages of the world.

3a. Studythesentencesandanswera or bintheexplanations.It was the main reason why he did not attend university.Shakespeare attended the local grammar school, where he received classical education.In 1582 at the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, who was eight years older than he was. Around 1595, Shakespeare wrote Richard II, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and The Merchant of Venice which proved his talent. Shakespeare began to write poetry when theaters closed due to plague in 1593-1594.

1. We use … for people. a. which b. who c. when2. We use … for places. a. when b. where c. why3. We use … for animals and things.

a. which b. who c. when4. We use … for time. a. when b. where c. why 5. We use … for reason. a. when b. where c. why

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3b. ReadandcompletethereviewofRomeoandJuliet.Usewhich, who, when, where and why. Part 1 is for student A, part 2 is for student B.

Romeo and Juliet fall in love. However, they come from families, … hate each other. They know their parents won't allow them to marry. Juliet's parents want her to marry a man whom she doesn’t like. Romeo and Juliet are so much in love. They marry in secret. However, before their wedding night, Romeo accidently kills Juliet's cousin in a duel, and in the morning, he had to leave her. If he ever returns to the city, he will be punished.

When the wedding party arrives to greet Juliet next day, they think she is dead. She takes a poison and appears to be dead, so her parents lay her in a tomb. However, Romeo does not know about the plan, visits the tomb … he finds Juliet 'dead', and kills himself. Juliet finally wakes up, finds Romeo dead beside her, and then kills herself just before … Lawrence comes to save her life.

Juliet's parents are angry that Juliet does not wish to marry Paris … is a wealthy man. They do not know her secret contract with Romeo. However, parents have arranged a wedding and came into the room … Juliet lives with her nurse. Juliet refuses - then agrees because she plans to fake her death and escape to be with Romeo. Romeo's friend Lawrence helps Juliet by providing a poison that will make everyone think she is dead. Romeo will then come to her tomb and take her away.

The families … children were dead had to make peace, promised to erect a monument in their memory. The hatred of the families is the reason … the young couple led their life to death.

1.

1.

2.

2.

4a. Ingroups,discussandchooseabookorastorythatyouhaveread.Thenwriteashortreviewofthebook.Followtheoutline.

1. Introduction: the title, the author of the book, main ideas, your opinion about the book2. Book details: main characters, the important points of the book in few sentences.2. Conclusion: Criticize or praise the book, write your feelings about this book and its

characters

4b. Now,reportyourbookreviewtotheclass.

Example: Our group has discussed to write a review for The Black Stallion by Walter Farley. We think that the main idea of this book is that never give up your hopes.A boy named Alec is on his way back from India when he suddenly shipwrecked with a wild stallion …

Shakespeare is an author, who was innovative to use rich writing tools.He wrote sonnets, which ensured him as a gifted poet.It's the place, where a famous author was born.I'm trying to find out why he stayed alone.Yesterday was a day, when everything went wrong!

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 2

THE CIVIL FIGHTER

Words related to civil rightsClauses of reason and result: as a result, therefore, the reason why, due to the fact


1. Discussthefollowingquotes.

Men often hate each other because they fear each other; they fear each other because they don't know each other; they don't know each other

because they cannot communicate; they cannot communicate because

they are separated.

Martin Luther King

At the center of non-violence stands the principle of love.

Martin Luther King

2a. Match the words to their meanings.

1. civil rights a. the quality of being equal or even2. an advancement b. refusal to have dealings with some action3. a segregation c. separation of a race, class or group by force from each other4. an equality d. the practice of unfairly treating a group of people differently5. a boycott e. progression or improvement 6. a discrimination f. rights to full legal, social and economic equality


1. In 1960s, many demonstrations were held to fight for … 2. The law prohibits a … of people by their sex and age. 3. The new program is ensuring an economic … of both rural and urban areas.4. We organized a … against the companies that were polluting an environment.5. The minister has proposed a new system providing an … in health care.6. They fought to end a … of public schools by gender.

3a. Listentothelectureandanswer. IsMartinLutherKing...? a)acongressmanor b)aleaderofcivilrightsmovement

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1. Dr. Martin Luther King was a leader of civil rights movement. T F2. King used peaceful ways to fight for rights. T F3. Rosa Park was a bus driver. T F4. "I have a dream" was a call about justice and equality. T F5. King received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. T F6. The Martin Luther King Day is on the fourth Monday of January. T F

4a. Studythesentencesandanswera or bintheexplanations.

The reason why the movements organized boycotts and marches is inequality and segregation to black people. He put a path to an advancement of basic civil rights for all due to the fact, that he expanded American values as a society.African American re-entered politics in the South, as a result, young people across the country were inspired to action.Americans honor Martin Luther King, therefore they celebrate his day on the third Monday of January.

1. We use conjunctions the reason why, due to the fact + that to express a ... . a. result b. reason2. We use conjunctions as a result, therefore to express a ... . a. result b. reason3. We use above conjunctions in a ... clause. a. main b. reason and result

4b. Choosesuitableconjunctionstocompleteeachsentence.

1. In the last few years, the company has innovated several of its products. As a result / the reason why, its competitive edge has increased.

2. The flight was cancelled therefore / due to the fact, that there were technical problems.3. He didn´t hear the most interesting part of the lecture therefore / the reason why, he had

nothing to say.4. The lecture was boring and irrelevant, due to fact that / as a result, some of the students

began to fall asleep. 5. A key piece of equipment broke down as a result / the reason why, the laboratory

session had to be postponed.6. He was not eligible for that grant due to his age; therefore / the reason why, his

application was rejected.

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5. Connect two sentences to express a reason or a purpose.

Example: Peter went to meet his teacher to ask for advice due to the fact he was having problems with Mathematics.

1. Peter was having problems with Mathematics.

2. There were so many books on the subjects.

He went to meet his teacher to ask for advice.

Shinee didn’t know where to begin.

3. He has apologized.

4. The movie was boring.

5. My parents were disappointed.

6. The company conducted a detailed survey.

7. We were able to carry out the experiment.

8. We were unable to carry out the experiment.

We will take no further action against him.

My brother fell asleep during the movie.

It will judge its clients’ views.

The computer malfunctioned.

I didn’t get the scholarship.

Our staff could work efficiently.

6a. In groups, discuss what the civic rights and responsibilities are. Use the promptsbelow.

• equality for all people regardless of race, sex, age, disability, national origin, religion• justice, gender, or certain other characteristics including education, employment,

housing, community service and more

6b. Reportyourgroupideastotheclass.

Begin like this: As a group, we think that citizens should have the following responsibilities. 1. to pay taxes and …

He was late, therefore, he didn´t hear the most interesting part of the lecture.The situation has become worse, as a result, taxes went higher than before.The old equipment is the reason why there is low quality production. He lost a job opportunity, due to the fact that, he did not submit all his documents.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 3

PHENOMENAL LIFE

Words related to life experienceClauses of purpose: in order to, so as to


1a. Writethewordsinthecorrectcolumn.

to punish, a deed, a founder, blind, a human, to treat

Nouns. . .

Adjectives. . .

Verbs. . .


1. Parents sometimes have to … a disobedient child.2. Drew Houston is a … of Dropbox.3. He did a good … rescuing the small child from drowning.4. Guide dogs provide mobility for … people.5. My sister wants to … everyone with respect.6. You should control your negative action if you a … .

1c. Matchtheprefixesandsuffixestotheirmeanings.

1. -ment a. with, together, mutually2. mis- b. quality of, state of, measure of3. -ness c. under, division of4. co- d. condition, process, action5. sub- e. incorrect, wrong

2a. Formnewwords.Useprefixesandsuffixesfromactivity1c.

1. punish___2. ___deed

3. blind___4. a ___ founder

5. a ___human6. to ___treat


3a. Readandchooseabesttitleforeachparagraph.

para 1____ para 2___ para 3____ para 4_____

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a)TravelingtoChina b)WithoutBordersc)TrainingandAccomplishments d)FindingStudents

Sabriye Tenberken is a German woman, who became blind because of the disease when she was 12.She studied at Bonn University and did her master's degree in Tibetology. At that time a Braille system did not exist in Tibetan, so she invented one for her own use. Later it became the official Braille system for Tibet. Once she read that blind children in Tibet were mistreated. She was sorry for them and decided to help the children. She wanted to give them a possibility to receive education.In order to get official approval of school for Tibetan blind children she went to China and learned Chinese. She faced many obstacles there.

In 1998, Sabriye Tenberken opened a first training center for blind children in Tibet.The children learn English, Mandarin, Tibetan, Maths, and computer skills. In addition, they learn practical skills like making a bed, cooking, walking with a cane, and how to use all their senses to help them get around. The graduates have already run their business and have jobs. The children return to their villages with new highly valued skills and become equal members of their communities.

Finally, Sabriye got a permission for opening the school. Then she went on horseback, the best transport in mountains to find students for her school. On the other hand, she wanted to prove her abilities despite being blind. By the end of the trip she had found eight children to attend school.At that time, the situation of most blind children in Tibet was difficult. For centuries, Tibetans treated the blind as a subhuman.

In 2002, Sabriye Tenberken and his boyfriend Paul, a co-founder, expanded the center and changed its name to Braille Without Borders (BWB) in Lhasa. In addition to the school in Lhasa BWB runs a vocational training center for blind adults with a farm and cheese factory. Yet using $20,000 of her money to start the school she spends a lot of time applying for grants, making speeches, and traveling to raise funds from businesses. Sabriye wrote a book 'My Path Leads to Tibet', so as to tell the history of her project and about living with blindness. The book has been published in 12 languages. She was chosen as one of China's 15 most influential overseas experts over the past 30 years.

1.

3.

2.

4.


1. Why did Sabriye decide to go to Tibet?3. What prejudice did Tibetans have towards the blind?4. What changes have Tibetan blind children made?5. What achievements did Sabriye Tenberken reach?6. How were her deeds recognized?


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In order to get official approval of school for Tibetan blind children she went to China and learned Chinese.Sabriye wrote a book 'My Path Leads to Tibet', so as to tell the history of her project and about living with blindness.

1. We use so as to, in order to to express a … . a. purpose b. contrast2. We use a … after the result clause. a. gerund b. infinitive

4b. Rewrite the sentences using so as to / in order to.

Example: Sabriye went to China. She wanted to change lives of the blind in Tibet. - Sabriye went to China in order to change lives of the blind in Tibet. 1. Nobody believed her power. She decided to prove her abilities despite being blind2. She met people and visited families in remote places. She convinced that blind people

are able to live on their own.3. Blind children in Tibet study both basic and life skills. They continue their studies as

normal sighted children. 4. She invested her money in the Center for the Braille Without Borders. She wanted to

expand this organization.5. Sabriye was one of the outstanding students. She stood against mistreating towards

blindness.


• Have you ever volunteered?• Have you ever helped disabled people?• Have you ever witnessed discrimination to a disabled person?• What changes have been made in your area towards disabled people?

6. Writeaboutopportunitiesforvolunteering.Followtheguideline.

• Make a list of possible volunteer opportunities in your area• Choose the best one for you• Define your goal to volunteer • Think of possible activities you can do• Ask others and share your ideas

In order to be a volunteer, you should have some skills.They stopped the vehicle so as not to be lost.

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LESSON 4

THE GREAT SINGER

Words related to musicClauses of manner: as if, as though



• Do you listen to long songs?• What kind of music do you like best? • Who is your favorite singer?

2a. Matchtheadjectivestotheirsynonyms.

1. blazing a. enormous2. wordless b. affecting3. impressive c. conventional4. vast d. glowing5. nomadic e. speechless6. traditional f. moving from place to place

2b. Completethesentenceswiththewordsfromactivity2a.

1. For centuries, Mongolians have a … lifestyle.2. When I saw an amazing scenery, I became … for a minute.3. This theater has set very … decorations for the new play.4. The flowers seem brightly … in the morning sun.5. There is a … steppe in the eastern part of Mongolia.6. Tsagaan Sar is a great … holiday in our culture.

3a. Listenandanswer.Aretheytalkingabout...?a)asingerb)aMongoliantraditionalsong


1. Betsy is preparing a presentation about a modern Mongolian song. T F2. Their teacher asked Betsy not to list facts. T F3. Betsy is planning to do research on Norovbanzad's influences on music. T F4. Mongolian long songs have been inherited from generation to generation. T F5. Betsy enjoys listening to Norovbanzad's songs. T F6. Tselmeg's family went to the eastern provinces. T F 7. The song "The Sun Over the Placid World" has a deep meaning. T F8. In order to understand her songs you need to listen more than once. T F

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I feel as if I float in the space of air.As though it seems true, numbers of young people still prefer listening to long songs.

1. We use as if / as though in a … clause. a. main b. subordinate2. We use as if / as though + past tense to express … present situations. a. unreal b. real

4b. Lookatthepicturesandexpressyouropinionusingas if / as though.

a

b

c

e

f

g

d

Example: He looks as if / as though he is angry.

4c. Read and write sentences. Use as if / as though.

1. Ron is tired. He feels a. he has a running nose.2. Clara is out of breath. She sounds b. he was in a hurry.3. Zorigt is mad. He feels c. he has lost his wallet.4. The lecturer spoke very quickly. He sounded d. she has won in a lottery.5. My sister looked very happy. She was smiling e. she has run a far distance.6. Bilguun sneezed. He sounded f. he spent a sleepless night.

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5. Inpairs,askandanswertocompletethetables.Followtheinstructions.• Student A asks questions and completes the missing information in table 1.• Student B asks questions and completes the missing information in table 2.

1. Place of birth Dundgobi provinceDate of birthField of art Traditional long song First Award: 1957Award: 1993, Fukuoka Asian culture prizeDomestic Awards: Recognition Norovbanzad helped to introduce the Mongolian long song to the

world. Her songs included in the worldwide hit musical project Enigma. In addition, she is the greatest Mongolian Long Song singer of the 20th century.

Date of death

2. Place of birthDate of birth 21 December 1931Field of artFirst Award: 1957, t he Gold medal at the 6th World Youth and Students’ Festival in

MoscowAward: 1993Domestic Awards: Mongolian State prize

RecognitionDate of death 2002

6a. Ingroups,chooseoneoftherepresentativesofMongolianart.Makehis/herprofileofworks.Useactivity5asanexample.


They stared at me as if they saw me first time.I felt as though I had been lying in the sun for hours.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK

Revise vocabulary and structures of the unitCheck personal learning progress


VOCABULARY

1. Completethesentenceswiththewordsinthebox.

an equality, civil, discrimination, vast, bilingual, a founder, blind

1. Fighters for Human Rights try to provide a gender … in education, job and salary.2. … movements agreed to join their voices to protect the environment.3. Braille is a reading system for the … .4. Martin Luther King organized demonstrations against racist … .5. In Ulaanbaatar, there are few … schools where two languages are taught equally. 6. George Soros is a … of a Soros foundation that contributed a lot to Mongolian education.7. If we go to the eastern Mongolia, we'll see a … landscape.

2. Completethesentenceswiththewordsinthecorrectform.

1. Our parents' … sometimes seems to be cruel to me if I break the family rules. punishment2. Now my friend regrets her past … . She wishes, she hadn’t misbehaved then. deed3. … doesn't interfere him to run his business prosperously. blind 4. Her husband is a … of the charity organization. founder5. Some people believe as if a disabled person is a … . human

STRUCTURES

3. Completethesentences.Usewho, which, where, whose, when and why.

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TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

by Mark Twain

At the beginning of the novel Huckleberry Finn, (1) … found a robber’s loot and had a large amount of money held in trust at the bank. He lives with the widow Douglas, (2) … wants to "civilize" Huck. He dislikes it and prefers to live with his drunken father. However, his father Therefore, the first major chapters of the novel focuses on the period (4) … Huck experiences abuse of his father. He had to escape in order to stay alive. Huck was on a runaway, (5)… he meets up with a slave Jim, (6)… owner is from the same village where Huck lives. Jim wants to get free from slavery.

They decide to travel down the river together. Both of them are running away to gain their freedom.

Jim becomes a father figure-the first Huck ever had in his life. Jim teaches Huck right and wrong, and an emotional bond develops through the course of their journey down the river. Jim and Huck have met various obstacles, (7)… they overcame with challenges.

By the last chapter of the novel, Huck has learned to think like a man instead of a boy. He has grown up as a powerful individual (8)… mind is to be mature, sensible and determined. It is the main result of his travelling, (9)… he tried to escape from injustice and inequality of the society.

4. Completethesentences.Use in order not to / so as not to.

1. You have to dress now … be late for the party.2. … be late, you have to go now!3. Read your text silently … disturb others.4. He kept reading … be bored. 5. My sister is going to Italy … forget her Italian.6. They took a taxi … waste time.

5. Choose the correct answer.

1. The movie was boring and … some of the students began to fall asleep. a. as a result b. the reason why c. in order to2. We need more insight to take any action … that the population of the world is steadily

growing. a. so as to b. due to the fact c. therefore3. The company went bankrupt … many jobs were lost. a. in order to b. the reason why c. therefore4. He has received a warning letter … that he always pays his rent late. a. therefore b. due to the fact c. so as to5. The rapid rise of American currency might be … that more tourists had come to

Hong Kong. a. due to the fact b. therefore c. although 6. … he felt hurt was that she cheated at the exam. a. the reason why b. due to the fact c. therefore

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SPEAKING AND LISTENING

6a. Listenandanswer.Aretheytalkingaboutaa)movieorb)book?


1. Is Meggie busy?2. What has Tuya just done?3. What book did Tuya read?4. Why does Meggie like Finn?5. What historical period is mentioned here?

READING AND WRITING

7a. Readandanswer.Isitabouta)biographyofMarkTwainorb)hisbooksonly?

Mark Twain whose original name was Samuel Clemens was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835 in a family of a merchant. At the age of 11 his father died and the next year Twain began to work as a printer's apprentice. From an early age he also began contributing articles and humorous tales. At the age of 18, he left Missouri and went to New York. He was an activist who supported the idea of setting slaves free. It was the reason why he depicted slavery in his books.

The life during 1859-1861 on the Mississippi river was very impressive, when he worked as a river pilot.

He included some scenes in his work such as Huckleberry Finn and Life on the Mississippi (1883) that he had experienced while he was working on the river.

Then he traveled throughout America and stayed in Nevada where he briefly worked as a miner. By 1869, he had his major publishing success. Humor was an important element in Twain's writings and speeches. In 1870, Mark Twain married Olivia Langdon who was from a wealthy family.

He was most noted for his novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876), and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called "The Great American Novel" He achieved great success as a writer and public speaker. Hemingway later concluded why Twain had such a great fame and wrote that: "All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn".

The moral lesson in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is that people should not be treated differently because of their race. In addition, it is an artifact of those same moral and racial tensions as they have evolved to the present day.

Despite a successful writing career and worldwide fame, Twain suffered depression from the early deaths of his children.

Twain died on April 21, 1910 from a heart attack. As well as being a writer, Mark Twain had fascination with science. He developed three inventions which got patents. This included a self-pasting scrapbook.

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7b. ReadagainandwriteMarkTwain'slife-timeline.

1835 1885

1859-1869

1876

1853 1910 1870

8. Inpairs,readtheprofile.Thenaskandanswer.

Name Natsagdorj DashdorjDateandplaceofbirth 1906, at a site near the lake Gun-Galuutai in Bayandelger sum of Tov

ProvinceEducation Home education

1926 and 1929, he studied in Germany and France Occupation Poet, writer, and playwright, and founder of the Mongolian Writer's

Union.Works His most famous poem “My native land” Recognition 1981, a memorial monument at his birth place in the Gun-Galuutai

Nature ReserveA founder of modern Mongolian literature

Date of death June 1937, at the age of 31

9. Write 8-10 sentences about Natsagdorj.

Example: It is hard to imagine the Mongolian poetry without D.Natsagdorj. He was born …


Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to people’s lives and legendsask and answer questions to get information about famous peopleuse clauses and conjunctions to express a reason, result and purposelisten and understand factual information about people’s livesread and understand factual information about famous people

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UNIT 9 GLOBAL ISSUES

LESSON 1

CHILD LABOR

Words related to child laborDirect vs. indirect (reported) speech


1a Matchthewordswiththeirexplanations.

1. to employ a. to get information by questioning someone2. to apply b. to check a company’s business records3. to interview c. to look at something closely, examine4. to investigate d. to say that something is true 5. to record e. to ask for admission or assistance6. to audit f. to give paid work to people 7. to inspect g. to search for facts and information8. to claim h. to make a written record of something

1b. Put the words under the correct heading.

A record, to employ, to inspect, an audit, a claim, to interview, an application, to record, employment, to investigate, an interview, to apply, investigation, to audit, to claim, inspection

Noun. . .

Verb. . .

1c. Makesentencesusingthewordsabove.

Example: The police investigate cases.

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2a. Readthenewspaperarticleandchoseatitle.

a) ChildreninCambodiab) Cambodia’sUnderageLaborc) ShoeMakingBusinessinCambodia

SIHANOUKVILLE, Cambodia – In this quiet beach town, Lim Loeng says she spends up to 80 hours a week gluing soles onto shoes at a factory that does work for companies including Japanese sneaker-maker Asics Corp. The factory believes Ms. Lim is at least 18 years old. But, she is not. According to her parents and her birthday record, Ms. Lim soon will turn 15. Ms. Lim said that at her job interview a factory employee wrote an earlier birth year on her paperwork than the one indicated on the birth record she presented. “If they see our age is younger, they will not choose us”, she said.

Her 20-year-old sister, Len, said a factory worker did the same thing when she applied there a couple of years ago before she turned 18. A spokesman for the factory,

New Star Shoes Co., denied the girls’ claims. “We do not change the birth days”, said the spokesman. “The factory doesn’t employ any workers under 18”, he said, “but some people may lie about their age to get hired”. He also said, no one at the factory works for 80 hours a week but declined to specify workers’ schedules.

Katsumi Funakoshi, the general manager of Asics’ public relations department, said the company recently conducted a third audit at New Star of labor. He said the inspection didn’t find any evidence of employees who were under 15 but that it revealed ‘excessive

working hours’, health and safety issues at the factory, which he said Asics is working to fix.

Overall, child and teen labor is declining, according to recent the United Nations surveys of numerous types of work across the world. But, despite that data, the Wall Street Journal investigation into the garment business indicates that underage labor continues to be an issue in that industry.

2b. Readthearticleagainandanswertrue(T)orfalse(F).

1. Lim Loeng works long hours for a shoe company. T F2. She is 18. T F3. The company does not employ children under 18. T F4. Lim’s sister applied for a job when she turned 18. T F5. Some people wouldn’t tell their age. T F6. The inspection didn’t find any workers under 18. T F7. Workers work extra hours. T F8. According to the United Nations data, child labor is an issue. T F

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3a. Studythesentencesandchoosea or bintheexplanations.Lim Loeng says that she spends up to 80 hours a week working at the factory.“We do not change the birth days,” said the spokesman. 1. … is the exact words someone used. a. A direct speech b. An indirect speech2. … is the exact meaning of what someone said, not exact words. a. A direct speech b. An indirect speech3. We … quotation marks in an indirect or reported speech. a. use b. do not use4. In an indirect or reported speech the quoted statement … to a ‘that’ clause. a. does not change b. changes5. We use … in an indirect or reported speech. a. helping words b. reporting verbs (say, tell)

3b. Readthejobinterview.CopyandcompletethereportofwhatKatesaid.

A factory employee: Hello, I guess you are interested to work for our factory.Kate: Yes, I’m interested in getting a job as a manager.A factory employee: Well, what is your education background?Kate: I have a degree in business administration.A factory employee: Do you have work experience? Kate: Yes, I do. I have 3 years of work experience in this field.

REPORT

Kate said … She said … She told …

4a. Ingroups,talkaboutchildlaborissuesinMongolia.

• pushing carts at the market• washing cars in the street• selling newspapers in the street

4b. Write 3 sentences for each picture.

5. Shareyourideaswithothergroups.

6. Writeaboutchildlaborissues.Usetheoutline:

• a brief introduction• a body (1-2 short paragraphs)• a conclusion

“If they see our age is younger, they will not choose us,” she said.He said that the inspection didn’t find any evidence.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 2

TEENS’ PROBLEMS

Words related to teens’ problems Reported questions


1a. Ingroups,discussthequestions.

• What problems do teenagers face today?• What is their main reason?• How do teenagers deal with the problems?• Do you think these issues can be solved? How?

1b. Inpairs,makesentencesexpressingyourattitudetotheteens’issues.

Example: I think there are lots of problems among teenagers.

2a. ListentotheTVprogramandanswer.Whatproblemismentioned?

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1. Why is the TV program talking about teenagers?2. What is the teenage age?3. Why is the teenage age challenging?4. How do teenagers feel?5. Why do they feel so?6. What do parents ask?7. What do doctors say?8. What advice is Dr. Stephen Watts giving?


A lot of parents ask what to do. A lot of people ask if open communication can help. Some parents ask whether spending more time with teenagers can help as well.

1. We use reported questions to … a. deliver information b. ask others2. We … the verb one tense back in reported questions. a. put b. don’t put3. We use … in reported Yes/No questions. a. that b. if or whether4. We use … in reported Wh-questions. a. question words b. helping words

3b. Rewritethequestionstomakeareportedspeech.

Brother: Did you go to the health club

yesterday?

1.

4.

2. 3.

5.

7.6.

Parents: What problems do you have in class?

Doctor: Is it challenging to be a

teenager?

Friend: Do you have a sleep problem?

Mom: Are you feeling well?

Teacher: Where do you find

information?

Friend: How do you get to the

gym?

Brother: Did you go to the health club

yesterday?

1.

2.

4.Parents: What problems do

you have in class?

7.Doctor: Is it

challenging to be a teenager?

6.Friend: Do you have

a sleep problem?

Mom: Are you feeling well?

5.

2. Teacher: Where do you find

information?

2.

What problems do

3.Friend: How do

you get to the gym?

- A brother asked if I went to the health club yesterday.

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4a. Inpairs,askandanswerthesequestions.

• What is your phone number?• What is your dad’s name?• What is your mom’s name?• How old are your grandparents? • Do you have any problems at home?• What problems do you have in class?

4b. Reportthequestionsandanswerstootherpairs.

Example: He (she) asked what my phone number was.

5. Ingroups,discusstheteens’problemsinyourschool.Completethetable.

1. Bullying2. Depression3. Eating problems4. Sleep problems5. Communication problems

6. Writeaboutoneoftheteens’problems.Usereportedquestions.Startlikethis:

People ask if we have any problems. We do. There are serious problems in our class. For example, some students …

He asked if you went to the club.They asked whether the problem was solved.Parents asked how to deal with depression.

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LESSON 3

DOWEEATHEALTHYFOOD?

Words related to healthy foodReported commands, requests and suggestions


1a. Lookatthefoodpyramidandclassifyfoodintotwogroups.

HEALTHY FOOD.................................

UNHEALTHY FOOD.................................

1b. Writesixsentencesusingthewordsabove.

Example: In order to stay healthy, we have to eat more vegetables.

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2a. Listentotheconversationandanswer.WhatisAdamgoingtodo?

2b. Copytheform.Listenagainandcompleteit.

HEALTH CLUB APPLICATION FORM

First name: _________________________________Last name: _________________________________Address: __________________________________Phone number: _____________________________Health problem: ____________________________Class: _____________________________________

2c. Listenagainandanswerthequestions.

1. Where did Adam come?2. What did the receptionist ask?3. How old is Adam?4. Why did Adam come to the club?5. What class did the receptionist advise to take?6. What did she say about the class?7. Was Adam happy with the club?


The receptionist said to take a healthy eating class.The receptionist told Adam not to eat junk food.

1. We use … when we report commands, requests and suggestions. a. an infinitive (to + a base verb) b. a base verb2. We use … when we refer to a person. a. say + infinitive b. tell + a person + infinitive3. We use … when we don’t refer to a person. a. say + infinitive b. tell + a person + infinitive4. We use not before the infinitive to report a … command. a. positive b. negative

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3b. Rewritethesentences.Usereportedcommands,suggestionsorrequests.

1. She said, “Take a class and learn more about healthy eating”.2. She told Adam, “The classes at the club are useful”. 3. She told him, “Learn about healthy food”.4. She said, “Don’t eat too many sweets”. 5. She said, “Don’t miss classes”.

4a. Dothequiz.

AREYOUHEALTHY?1. What meals should you skip? a. breakfast b. lunch c. dinner d. none 2. What is an example of a healthy dinner? a. burger and chips b. beef with fresh vegetables c. roast chicken d. canned food3. Which of these is a healthy drink? a. water b. coca cola c. lemonade d. fresh juice4. What is an example of healthy dieting? a. Eating lots of cake, chips, sweets b. Eating mainly fruit, vegetables, meat and dairy products c. Eating fast food (burger, pizza, etc.) every day d. Drinking coke and other similar drinks every day5. Which three is unhealthy food? a. chips b. apples c. a burger d. ice cream6. What diseases can healthy food prevent? a. aids b. heart diseases c. fever d. sore throat

4b. Checkyouranswerswithyourpartneranddiscussyourresults.

5. Insmallgroups,practicegivingreportedcommands,requestsandsuggestions.

Example:Student 1: (gives a command) Write your name on the board.Student 2: (gives the command to student 3) She/he said to write your name on the board.Student 3: (goes to the board and writes her/his name)

The doctor told me to follow a healthy diet.The doctor said not to drink much cola.

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LESSON 4

UNPREDICTABLE WEATHER

Words related to weatherCould, would, might, should in reporting


1a. Look at the words and expressions and match them with their pictures.a

d

b

e

c

f

High wind, a snow storm, ice, a heavy snow, flood, a freezing rain


2. Completethesentenceswiththewordsandexpressionsfromactivity1a.

1. In winter roads are covered with … .2. There is … in the mountains.3. … is very common in the open areas.4. Last summer a lot of houses were destroyed by … .5. Herders lost their animals because of the … .6. Some countries with a warm climate experienced unusual weather with … .

3a. Readtheweatherreportandanswer.Isitaboutthea)weatherintheUSA,b)weatherinCanadaorc)weatherinbothcountries?

The first day of winter brought a wild mix of the weather across the U.S. on Sunday: ice and high wind in the Great Lakes and New England areas, flooding in the South, snow in the Midwest and record-shattering temperatures in the 60s (F) and 70s along the mid-Atlantic.

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Snow and ice knocked out power to 440,000 homes and businesses in Michigan, upstate New York and Northern New England, also left more than 475,000 people without electricity in eastern Canada. It could be days before the lights are back on everywhere. At least nine deaths in the U.S. were blamed on the storm, including five people killed in flooding in Kentucky and a woman who died after a tornado with winds of 130 mph struck in Arkansas. Five people were killed in Canada in storm-related highway accidents.

The icy weather would make roads hazardous from the upper Midwest to northern New England during one of the busiest travel times of the year. As aviation tracking report said 700 airline flights would be canceled and more 11,000 could be delayed.

High temperature records could fall in the next few days in the mid-Atlantic states because of a mass of hot, muggy air from the South. Most locations around Green Bay, the Fox Valley and Lake Michigan got 3 to 5 inches of snow. The National Weather Service said that another inch might be possible in some areas too.

In Canada, crews struggled to restore service to those without power in Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick. The Toronto Mayor Rob Ford called the storm one of the worst in the city’s history. Passengers were stranded at airports from Toronto to St. John’s, Newfoundland. In Kentucky, five people were killed in flooding caused by the storm system. The bodies of three people were pulled from the river on Sunday after their car was swept away by floodwater.

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3b. Readagainandmakealistofproblemsmentioned.

1. Ice and high wind2. …3. …4. …5. …


The weather forecast said it could snow around the lake.As aviation tracking report said 700 airline flights would be canceled. The National Weather Service said that another inch might be possible in some areas.

1. We use could, would or might in a reported speech to express … . a. abilities b. possibilities2. We use these words … the main verb in the reported speech. a. before b. after

4b. Completethesentenceswithcould, would or might. Use some words more than once.

1. The TV reporter said high winds … destroy the park.2. He told me that a snow storm … cause problems to herders.3. The report said that ice on the roads … increase car accidents.4. The radio weather forecast said the tornado … sweep away everything around the

beach area.5. The newspaper said that heavy snow … knock out power.6. The specialist told to me that a freezing rain … happen again.

5a. Ingroups,discussifyouhavethesameweatherproblemsinyourarea.

5b. Exchangeyourideaswithanothergroup.

6. Writeabouttheweatherproblem.Usethepicturepromptsandmodalswould, could or might.

The news said it could be days before the lights are back on everywhere.The report said airline flights might be canceled and more 11,000 would be delayed.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK

Revise unit vocabulary and structures Check personal learning progress


VOCABULARY

1a. Dothecrosswordpuzzle.

Across:1. A group of people who meet regularly 3. A matter of concern5. Violent fast-moving winds 7. A goal, reason8. Give work to people9. A happening, especially important Down:2. A type of fast food4. Precipitation5. 13-17-year-old child6. A kind of fruit10. Introduction

1b. Write six sentences using the words above.

2. Make pairs from the words in the circles.

Unpleasant SeriousIcy HardDelicious Impressive

Problems FoodWeather WorkLabor Roads

Example: serious problems

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6.

7.

8. 10.

9.

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3. Completethesentenceswiththewordsfromactivity2.

1. A lot of people face … at work.2. Underage children often do … .3. We prefer having … every day.4. It was part of his … .5. It is really dangerous to drive on … .6. … makes everybody’s life depressing.

STRUCTURES

4. Match a direct speech to a picture and rewrite into a reported speech.a

d e f

b c

Example: The teacher said to copy the sentence.

Don’t eat too much

Don’t worry.

Could you repeat what you said, please?

Copy the sentence

Can you help me, please?

Please slow

down.

Don’t eat too much

Don’t worry.

Could you repeat what you said, please?

Copy the sentence

Can you help me, please?

Please slow

down.

1. 2.

3.4.

5.6.

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5. Changeadirectquestionintoareportedquestion.

1. He asked me how I was. 2. He asked me __________________________________________________________3. He ___________________________________________________________________4. _____________________________________________________________________5. _____________________________________________________________________6. _____________________________________________________________________7. _____________________________________________________________________8. _____________________________________________________________________


6a. Listentoagirltalkingaboutteens’problemsandanswer.Whatmainproblemdoesshehave?

6b. Listenagainandmakealistofproblemsmentionedinthetalk.Thendiscussthem.

7a. Inpairs,preparequestionsforaninterview.

Example: Do you have any problems at school? Do you have any problems at home?

7b. Interview4-5ofyourclassmates.Completethetable.

Problemsatschool Problemsathome1.2.3.

7c. Reportyourfindingstotheclass.

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READING AND WRITING

8a. Readaleafletandanswer.Whatisthemainpurposeofit?

How do you get started on healthy eating? Healthy eating starts with learning new ways to eat, such as adding more fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and cutting down on foods that have a lot of fat, salt, and sugar. A change to healthier eating also includes learning about a balance, variety, and moderation.Why pay attention to what you eat?Healthy eating will help you get the right balance of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. It will help you feel your best and have plenty of energy. It can help you handle stress better. Healthy eating is one of the best things you can do to prevent and control many health problems, such as:

• heart disease• high blood pressure• type 2 diabetes• some types of cancer

How do you make healthy eating a habit?First, think about your reasons for healthier eating. Do you want to improve your health? Do you want to feel better? Are you trying to set an example for your family? Next, think about some small changes you can make. Pick ones you can keep doing.

• Don't try to change everything at once.• Set an easy goal you can reach, like having a salad and a piece of fruit each day.• Make a long-term goal too, such as having one vegetarian dinner a week.

Where can you get support?Having support from others can be a huge help. The more support you have, the easier it will be to make changes. Ask your family and friends to practice healthy eating with you. Have them help you make meals, and share healthy, delicious recipes and cooking tips. If you need more help, talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian. Look online for groups that support healthy eating and share success stories.

8b. Readagainandcompletethediagramonhealthyeating.

9. Write about one of the problems you have at school.Followthequestions.

• What problem do you have in your class?• Why do you think you have this problem?• How would this problem be solved?• What do you personally do to deal with this problem?


Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to global issuesuse reported speech, questions, commands, requests and suggestionsask and answer questions about global issueslisten and understand factual information about global issuesread and understand factual information about global issues

Advice 1

Advice 4

Advice 3

Advice 2

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UNIT 10 WISHES, WISHES

LESSON 1

A HOROSCOPE

Words related to personal qualities1st Conditional


1a. Matchtheadjectivestotheirdefinitions.

1. cautious a. being eager to do things 2. diplomatic b. being practical rather than ideal 3. enthusiastic c. being careful to avoid a possible danger4. idealistic d. being hopeful about the future 5. imaginative e. seeing things in a beautiful way 6. optimistic f. being kind to others7. realistic g. being able to create new things 8. romantic h. being careful to say or do things not to hurt others9. sympathetic i. acting on the basis of their ideals

1b. Putthewordsinthecorrectcircles.

idealistic, caution, sympathetic, optimistic, diplomacy, enthusiasm, romantic, diplomatic, imagination, idealism, cautious, optimism, imaginative, realism, enthusiastic, romance, sympathy, realistic

Nouns. . .

Adjectives. . .

1c. Makeup6-8sentencesusingthewordsabove.

Example: An enthusiastic person feels excited to do things.

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2a. Readtheextractandanswer.Isitaboutpersonala)likesorb)qualities?

Aries (March 21sttoApril20th)You always want to be ahead of others in everything because you are a pioneer. You are only satisfied when things are going as you intend them to. You often fail as an employee. So it will be much better if you give orders and directions. You are very enthusiastic. You are a true friend to the people whom you like.

Taurus(April21sttoMay20th)Patience, reliability and honesty are your best qualities. So you often hold important positions very capably. You do not waste either your emotions or your energy. In general, you hide your emotions well, but you can lose your temper sometimes.

Gemini(May21st to June 20th)You are very intelligent and flexible. You nearly always want to do more than one thing at the same time. You like changes. If you stay in any one place for some time you will get bored easily. This gives you the reputation of being unreliable, but you are not.

Cancer (June 21sttoJuly21st)You are imaginative and romantic. But you can be very conventional. Your greatest faults are indecision and hesitation. You will be very

annoying if you do not get over this weakness.

Leo(July22nd to August 21st)You are capable of feeling deeply for others and are very sympathetic. This helps to make you a wonderful listener. You are very self-confident and you always attempt to be practical in your ideas. You will achieve success if you go ahead.

Virgo (August 22nd to September 21st)You are very realistic and believe in doing everything in the most practical manner. You are a good businessperson. You are well –balanced and like to work in a peaceful fashion. For you there is no sentiment in business. If you become a salesperson your employer will have little to worry about.

Libra (September 22nd to October 22nd)Gifted with a strong artistic ability, you are a friendly person whom people like to meet. You are energetic and loyal. You will work eagerly if people encourage you.

Scorpio (October 23rd to November21st)You are very cautious and you must know everything before

you make a decision. Your clever judgment of people and things help you tremendously. You can be bad tempered and are sometimes a little envious of others.

Capricorn (December 21st to January19th)You are a perfectionist in all you do. You are ambitious and idealistic. Your thoughts and views are very deep. Your modest appearance hides the fact that you are determined. You prefer to mind your own business rather than meddle in the affairs of others.

Aquarius(January20th to February18th)You are interested in the arts, love music and are an enthusiastic theater-goer. You can be selfish and more than a little unreliable. But generally you are kind and sympathetic to those around you.

Pisces(February19th to March 20th)You are easily affected by other people’s ideas and reactions. You are considerate and try to help everyone around you. When you are worried, you will get depressed. When you get depressed you have the ability to remain calm and rational.

2b. Read again and choose a, b, c or d for the answer.

1. People born under the sign of Aries ... . a. take life as it comes b. don’t like to throw their weight about c. prefer to organize rather than be organized d. think carefully before they act2. When things go wrong a Taurus person ... . a. sometimes loses his temper b. never shows his feelings c. always keeps calm d. often runs away 3. Which of these qualities does a Gemini person lack ... ? a. ambition b. energy c. patience d. dependability4. A Libra person is rather too ... . a. generous b. keen c. soft d. artistic

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5. A Scorpio person isn’t easily … by other people. a. taken in b. put off c. seen through d. let down6. a. Capricorn takes too much interest in other people’s financial affairs. b. He seems determined to make as much money as he can. c. He seems strong on the outside but this covers up an inner weakness. d. He’s not easily satisfied his achievements.7. a. He doesn’t ever bother about other people’s business. b. Sometimes he’s got too good an opinion of himself. c. He likes acting in plays. d. One can always depend on an Aquarius person.8. a. Pisces lets his troubles get him down. b. He’s always complaining about something. c. He takes no notice of what other people say. d. He always faces his problems cheerfully.

3a. Look at the sentence and choose a or bintheexplanations.

If I find your diary I will call you.

1. We use the 1st conditional to talk about … situations in the future and their probable results.

a. imaginary b. real2. We use will in the … . a. main clause b. if-clause3. We use … in the if-clause. a. past simple b. present simple

3b. Puttheverbsinbracketsintothecorrectform.

1. If he … (pay) me tonight I … (have) enough money for the tickets. 2. If I … (get) a lift I … (be) in time.3. If Chinggis Airport … (be) clear of fog we … (land) there.4. Jane … (take) the day off if she … (not feel) well tomorrow.5. If Bill … (not help) we … (have) to manage without him. 6. If you … (put) glasses into very hot water they … (crack).7. If you … (like) a job in this company I … (get) you one.

4a. Inpairs,lookatthehoroscopeinactivity2aagainandfindyourentry.Doyouagreewithit?

4b. Taketurnstobeafortuneteller.Tellyourpartnerabouthisorherfuture.Usetheadjectivesfromthehoroscope.

Example: If you are the Taurus you are patient and reliable. If you are driven too far you’ll get angry.

5. Writesentencesaboutyourfutureplansandyourpartner’sfutureplans.Usethe1stconditionalinyoursentences.

If he stays in one place, he will be bored.You will work eagerly if people encourage you.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 2

IFIWERERICH…

Words related to dreams2nd Conditional


1a. Ingroups,discussthefollowing.

• What would you do if you were rich?• What would you do if you found treasure?• What would you do if you won a lottery?

1b. Shareyourideaswithothergroups.

2a. Listenandanswer.Howmanypeoplearetalking?

2b. Listenagainandfillinthetable.Whodreamsofwhat?

People Dreams

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If I were you I would study abroad.If the pay was good I would buy a nice apartment.

1. We use the 2nd conditional to talk about … situations in the present and their possible results.

a. real b. imaginary2. We use would / could in the … . a. main clause b. if-clause3. We use … in the if-clause. a. present simple b. past simple

3b. Rewrite the sentences, using the 2ndconditional.

Example: Matt is very shy; that’s why he doesn’t enjoy parties. If Matt wasn’t very shy he would enjoy parties.

1. We don’t have central heating, so the apartment is so cold. _____________________________________________________________________

2. She doesn’t take any exercise; that’s why she is so unhealthy. _____________________________________________________________________

3. You make a lot of mistakes because you type too carelessly. _____________________________________________________________________

4. I live near my school so I don’t spend much time on traveling there. _____________________________________________________________________

5. I don’t have her address so I can’t write to her. _____________________________________________________________________

6. His English doesn’t improve because they speak Spanish to him, not English. _____________________________________________________________________

7. Paul never shaves that’s why he looks unattractive. _____________________________________________________________________

4a. Readtheinterviewandanswer.Whowouldspendmoremoney?

Last month the school magazine interviewed some students about winning a million pounds. Here is what they say.

Mike: “Oh, I’d buy myself a house, a good car, a few motor bikes, invest the rest in a Building Society and live off the interest I think.”

Elise: “Erm, I would probably call all my friends long distance, because I wouldn’t have to worry about the cost you see, tell them all the good news, certainly I would do that. Then I would have a big party with all the friends that were near me, and have a very lavish party, a super party. Then I would call up the two or three most astute business people that I know and I would get business advice of what to do with my money. I would be, horrible to say this, I’d very careful. I wouldn’t go out and buy a Rolls Royce or anything like that at all.”

Barbara: “Well, this might sound rather silly, but I wouldn’t want to win a million pounds, and if I did by any chance win a million pounds, I think I’d be tempted to give it away.”

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John: “The first thing I would buy would be a decent house in the country. A decent house with a decent sized piece of ground. After that I would proceed to stock it with some really fine furniture and grand pianos, the best money can buy.”

4b. Herearetheresultsofanotherinterview.Whodoyouthinkwouldsurvive?

Mike, Elise and Barbara are taking about the things they would take to a desert island.Mike: “What three things, oh, I don’t know… my girlfriend, for one, … an axe perhaps, to cut material. I don’t know what else I would take … I just don’t know.”

Elise:“I think – oh dear what would I take – anything in the world, any three things? Oh, well, music is very important to me. I would take some form of record player. I would take, what would I take? I would take either a typewriter and paper or pencil and paper, but I usually type my work. And the third thing, I like comfort. I would take something to make sure that I was comfortable such as a sleeping bag or something so that I wasn’t cold at night.”

Barbara: “Being very practical, I suppose one would take something like a knife, because that would be very useful for cutting down fruit from trees and possibly for putting on to a large stick so that I could spear fish in the sea. Being less practical, I would take, if I could take, my husband and my child, because there wouldn’t be a lot of point to me in trying to survive on a desert island without the people that I love. And perhaps if I could take as a third item, well really two, pencil and paper. Because I think the reporter in me would want to note down all the things that I was feeling and thinking being stranded on a desert island. And I would like to make a note of some of the things I saw, some of the vegetation. I think I’d even make an attempt to draw some of it.”

5a. Inpairs,askandanswerthequestions.

Example: What would you do if you were rich? I would study abroad if I were rich.

5b. Changethepartnerandanswermorequestions.Usetheprompts.

one million tugrugs a house a car around the world

6. Writethesentencesaboutyourpartner.

Example: Amy would buy a house if she were rich.

If we were rich we would travel around the world.If I bought a car I would drive it myself.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 3

THINKING OF THE PAST

Words related to imaginary past3rd Conditional


1a. Talkaboutyourpastexperiences.

Example: Last winter I went skiing in the mountains. Soon I broke one of the skis so I had to go back.

1b. Tellyourpartnerwhatyouwouldhavedoneif…

Example: I would have skied for a long time if I hadn’t broken the ski.

2a. Readthestoryandgiveatitle.

On one of my long summer vacations I worked as a trainee bus conductor. I found the job very demanding with a lot of passengers even on a short route. I pulled the wrong tickets, forgot the change and wrote my log after the trip. The inspectors often laughed at me when they saw my writing. An experienced conductor could be dismissed if the inspectors caught him accepting money without pulling a ticket. If a hurrying passenger pressed the fare into your hands and got off, you should tear the ticket and throw after him. There could be an inspector wearing plain clothes, not a uniform. My job lasted for three weeks. All the buses were busy running slowly through the city and of so many people were getting on. It was a very hot summer. Inside the bus it was even hotter as it was crowded. It was also very difficult to collect fares. I reached the bell and signaled the driver to close the doors. I didn’t know where we were. I just pressed the bell, the doors closed and the bus moved on. I heard some cries and I thought that there were angry passengers who couldn’t get on. Suddenly I realized that they were coming from the doors. It was an old lady who hit head in between the closed doors. I hurried to signal the driver and he stopped the bus. The old woman fell on the ground. She was polite and apologized for causing much trouble. If she had moved faster she wouldn’t have hit her head. Unfortunately, inspectors were following the bus in a car and saw the incident. They asked me to leave the job because they were afraid that the incident would make the headlines. It would have been in the papers if a student had thrown off an old lady. I made a decision myself and planned to quit the job.

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2b. Readagainandanswerthequestions,choosinga,b,cord.

1. What do we learn about the inspectors? a. They found the writer amusing. b. They never wore uniforms. c. They were feared by employees. d. They distrusted older employees.2. Why was the writer unable to do his job properly? a. He wasn’t tall enough. b. The buses went too fast. c. People avoided paying. d. He couldn’t move.3. The old lady … in the incident. a. was injured b. fainted c. was dragged d. hit her head4. When the incident with the old lady happened, a. the writer had already decided to give up the job. b. the writer’s employers wanted to avoid publicity. c. the writer was offered the chance to continue. d. the consequences were as the writer expected. 5. What is the writer’s attitude now to the job? a. He feels responsible for the incident that ended it. b. He thinks that he was unfairly treated by the inspectors. c. He believes that it was an impossible job to do well. d. He thinks that it was a good opportunity.


Steve would have called if he had had a problem.

1. We use the 3rd conditional to talk about … situations. a. real b. imaginary2. We use would have in the … . a. main clause b. if-clause3. We use … in the if-clause. a. past perfect b. past simple

3b. Puttheverbsinbracketsintotheircorrectform,usingthe3rdconditional.

Example: If you … (listen) to me you … (not lose) all that money. If you had listened to me you would not have lost all that money.

1. It … (save) you a lot of trouble if you … (write) to me.2. If you … (apply) earlier, you … (have) your visa by now.3. He … (not buy) the farm in the first place if he … (know).4. They … (continue) the journey if they … (have) a map.5. The accident … (not occur) if the driver … (not fall) asleep.6. Two people … (not survive) in the car accident if they … (not get) out through a

broken window.7. If the road … (be) busy more cars … (be) crashed.

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4a. Read the followingandfind theproblem. Inpairs,discusspossibleanswers to theproblemusingthe3rdconditional.

Example: Their car wouldn’t have run out of petrol if they had traveled in the city.

Last month Angela and Dave went on holiday in Africa. They rented a car and drove to a safari park. When they were in the park their car ran out of petrol. They were four miles from the nearest filling station which was outside the park. They had a petrol can but there were not any cars in sight. It was very hot and they had no water. Luckily they didn’t see any lions.

4b. Writedownthesentencesyouhavediscussed.

5. Readapartofanewspaperreportandwrite4sentences.Useyourownwordsandthe3rdconditionalinthesentences.

40 DIE IN COACH ACCIDENTThere was a terrible accident on the highway near Poophor last Saturday when a coach overturned and caught fire. Forty people died, all of them Americans. There were only three survivors, who managed to get out through a broken window. Luckily the high way was quiet and no other vehicle was involved in the crash. The coach, owned by the World Travel Company, was on its way to Terino. According to the survivors, the driver had been driving for fourteen hours and had probably fallen asleep. The coach left Marino one hour late, and the driver was

6a. Inpairs,thinkofthesimilarsituationsandtelleachother.

6b. Now write a paragraph.

If she had moved faster she wouldn’t have hit her head.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 4

IWISHYOUDIDN’T…

Words related to wishes and regretsI wish + past perfect


1a. Readthefollowinglistofregrets.Choosethreethatyoushare.

1. I wish I had listened to my mother’s advice.2. I wish I had gone to a different school.3. I wish I had worked harder at school.4. I wish I had left school earlier.5. I wish I had saved more money.6. I wish I had been born more beautiful.7. I wish I had been born more intelligent.

1b. Inpairs,compareyourchoice.Addonemoreofyourown.

2a. Readtheletterandanswer.Isitwrittentoa)acolleagueorb)afriend?

21 Green WoodNorth WickWednesday

My darling,

0. What has happened? You don’t answer the phone; you aren’t at home when I call; you don’t write. Is something wrong? Have I upset you in some way?

1. We only met four weeks ago, but I feel as if I had lived a whole new life since then. So many wonderful memories!

2. That party when I first met you. I asked you to dance. You said yes! You are so beautiful, you could have danced with anybody, but you chose me! I couldn’t believe my luck.

3. Then you came back to my place for coffee, and I showed you my stamp collection, and told you all about my plans, my hopes, my life. What an evening!

4. Other memories flood into my brain. The day we went on the river. The weekend when we went with Sam and Dori. The time we went swimming – I got into trouble, and you pulled me to safety with your strong arms.

5. And then last weekend. We stood on the edge of the cliffs, looking down. You threw a stone into the sea, and I kissed you. You laughed with pleasure, and I told you I loved you, and you were so happy that you cried, and you couldn’t say anything. What were you thinking?

Please write. I can’t wait to hear from you.

I love you,

Alex

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2b. Herearesomethoughtsofthepersonwhoreceivedthisletter.Readtheletteragainandputthethoughtsintheordertheygointhetext.

I wish I’d gone swimming!

I wish I’d never gone to her place!

I wish I’d laughed with pleasure!

1. I wish we’d never met!

I wish I’d never gone to the

party!

I wish I hadn’t cried!

I wish I’d gone swimming!

I wish I’d never gone to her place!

I wish I’d laughed with pleasure!

I wish I’d laughed

1. I wish we’d never met!

I wish I’d never gone to the

party!

I wish I hadn’t cried!


I wish I had studied science.I wish I hadn’t got angry.

1. We use I wish + past perfect to express a … . a. wish b. regret2. We use I wish + past perfect to talk about … . a. the past b. the present

3b. Read and rewrite the sentences using I wish to express a past regret.

Example: It wasn’t warm. I wish it had been warm. It rained a lot. I wish it hadn’t rained a lot. 1. I didn’t go to Britain. 2. I traveled alone.3. I didn’t see Big Ben. 4. It snowed every day.5. My friends didn’t travel with me.6. My suitcase was heavy.7. I didn’t have any money left.

4a. Herearesomewishesforthepresentandfuture.Choosethreethatyoushareandaddonemoreofyourown.

I wish it was warmer.I wish it was the end of the lesson.I wish I was at home.I wish I could sing.I wish I could play the guitar.I wish I had more time.I wish I spoke better English.

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I wish I knew more people.I wish people were more honest.I wish the government would do something about unemployment.I wish somebody would write me a letter.

4b. Writeyourmostimportantwishonapieceofpaper,butdon’tputyournameonit.Giveittotheteacher.

5a. Workingroups.Theteacherwillreadoutalltheclass’swishestoyou.Writethemdownanddividethemintodifferentkindsofwish.

5b. Reporttotheclass:howmanykindsofwishhaveyoufound?Whatisthecommonestkindofwish?Whatwasthemostsurprisingwish?

6. Lookatthepictures.Whatarethepeopleinthemthinking?

Example: I wish I had taken better care of my teeth.

7a. Thinkaboutthelast5years.Writeabout:

a) three things you did but wish you hadn’t.b) three things you didn’t do but wish you had.

7b. Tellyourpartneraboutyourregrets.

7c. Writeaboutyourpastregrets.

I wish I had saved more moneyI wish we’d never met!

LEARNING OUTCOMES

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LESSON 5

SELF-CHECK



VOCABULARY

1. Completethetable.

QualityNoun Adjectiveambition

cautious

energy

confidence

honesty

imagination

enthusiasm

optimism

patience

generosity

idealism

loyalty

modesty

romance

sympathy

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

2. Addanountoeachoftheverbstomakeexpressions.

find …pull … forget …

write … accept … press …

tear … throw … collect …

hit … causing …leave …

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3. Write5sentenceswiththeaboveexpressions.

STRUCTURES

4. Writethecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.Usethe1st, 2nd and 3rdconditional.

1. If it … (rain) I … (take) an umbrella with me.2. You never … (pass) this test if you (not work) hard.3. If he … (play) well he … (get) into the team.4. If you ate more and talked less we … (enjoy) our dinner.5. If you saw her now you … (not recognize) her.6. If I ... (be) in your position I … (act) differently.7. If you had told me about it earlier I … (be able) to help you.8. You … (not make) such a mistake if you had been more careful.9. If you … (come) with us, we would have been pleased.10. I wish my family … (have) more money when I was small.11. I wish I … (go) to bed earlier last night.

5. Completethesentencesinyourownwords.

1. If all goes well, …2. If I had a million pounds, …3. If I had lived 2 hundred years go, …4. I wish I …5. We will go out if …6. If you send a message …


6. Listentotheinterviewandanswer.Isthisinterviewabouta)peopleorb)places?

7. Listenagainandcompletethetable.

Sources of informationPeople’s preferencesWhat’s important for a choiceReasons preferring the country Sense of rush, servicesThings that influence choice

8. Inpairs,talkaboutplacesyouwouldliketolive.Usetheinformationintheabovetable.

9. Reporttheresultsofyourdiscussiontotheclass.

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READING AND WRITING

10. Readthediscussionandanswer.Whatisthediscussionabouta)constructionorb)plan?

Peter: I think a new road is a good idea. It’ll keep the traffic out of the town if they build a by-pass. The traffic in the High Street is terrible. If they’d had any sense, they’d have built a by-pass years ago.

Mary: But what about the shopkeepers? If there was a by-pass, then people wouldn’t stop here. And there’ll be fewer customers in the shops if there’s less traffic in the town.

Sue: I don’t agree. I think more people will want to shop here if it’s quieter and more pleasant.

Zack: Tourists won’t come into the town if there’s a by-pass.

Peter: If the High Street was less busy, it would be a lot easier to cross the road.

Mary: There’d be less noise if there were fewer heavy trucks.

Sue: And the traffic doesn’t do the buildings any

good. Everything shakes when a heavy truck goes past. Do you remember those old houses in West Street? They had to knock them down because of damage by trucks. If there’d been a new road ten years ago, they wouldn’t have had to do that. And cyclists have been knocked off their bikes by trucks. One man was killed. That wouldn’t have happened if the trucks hadn’t had to use the High Street.

Peter: Don’t forget that if you improve the road system, then traffic may simply increase. Or you’ll just move the problem to another town.

Mary: But look at the situation now – dozens of trucks moving very slowly through the town. It would save a lot of time if they traveled more quickly along a by-pass.

Sue: The by-pass would use up good farmland that we can’t afford to lose.

Zack: The route goes right through Barney Morgan’s farm. It’ll cut his farm in two if they build it there. He only bought the farm three years ago.

Peter: Well, if that happened, they’d pay him for the land.

Mary: He told me yesterday he wouldn’t have bought the farm in the first place if he’d known.

Sue: But a by-pass is for the whole town.

Zack: Well, if I were Barney, I’d be angry about it.

Peter: I’m angry now about the traffic in the High Street. If they don’t give us a by-pass, there’ll be a trouble, I can tell you.

11. Readagainandanswertrue(T)orfalse(F).

1. The traffic in the High Street is terrible. T F2. If there was a by-pass, then people would stop here. T F3. More people will want to shop if it’s quieter and more pleasant. T F4. Tourists won’t come into the town if there’s no by-pass. T F5. The traffic does the buildings good. T F6. Dozens of trucks moving very slowly through the town. T F7. A by-pass is for the whole town. T F

12. Inpairs,discussthetextinactivity10.Doyouhavesimilarproblemsinyourarea?

13. Write6sentencesaboutproblemsandtheirsolutions.

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14. Dothequiz.Answerthequestionsandcheckyourscore.

Howimaginativeareyou?1. If you were expecting a

friend to come round to your place and he/she was late, would you ... ?a. assume something

ordinary had happened to delay him/her, and not worry

b. feel slightly worried

c. think he/she must have been in an accident

2. When other people tell you about their troubles, do you ... ?a. feel very upsetb. feel boredc. feel some

sympathy 3. When you look at

clouds, do you ... ?a. see pictures in

themb. feel thoughtfulc. think about the

weather4. When first meet

somebody who attracts you, do you ... ?a. think sensibly about

your chances

b. think he/she is the most wonderful person in the world, and imagine yourselves living together

c. tell yourself not to lose your head

5. While staying in an old house, you are woken by strange noises. Do you think of ... ?a. water pipesb. burglarsc. ghosts

6. Do you get an idea that you think would make a good book, film, poem or song ... ?a. neverb. oftenc. sometimes

7. Do you daydream ... ?a. often when you

should be thinking about other things

b. sometimesc. hardly ever

8. Can you imagine

yourself doing something that would cause you to go to prison?a. not at allb. with difficultyc. easily

9. When you talk about something that has happened to you, do you ... ?a. give all the detailsb. change things

to make it more interesting

c. just give the main points

10. Which of these kinds of book or magazine article do you like most?

a. biography/historyb. fiction (novels, stories,

etc.)c. practical (information

about how to do things)

Your score:

1. a-1 b-2 c-3 2. a-3 b-1 c-2

3. a-3 b-2 c-1 4. a-2 b-3 c-1

5. a-1 b-2 c-3 6. a-1 b-3 c-2

7. a-3 b-2 c-1 8. a-1 b-2 c-3

9. a-2 b-3 c-1 10. a-2 b-3 c-1


Ican… Verywell Well Notwelluse words related to personal qualities; past activities; wishes/regrets.ask and answer, using 1st conditional, 2nd conditional, 3rd conditional; wish + past perfect.talk about personal qualities, using 1st conditional.talk about wishes, using 2nd conditionaltalk about past activities, using 3rd conditionaltalk about wishes and regrets, using I wish + past perfectlisten and understand factual informationread and understand factual information

170

A

ability, n. – чадварacademic year – хичээлийн жилаccomplishment, n. – амжилт, ололтaccurately, adv. – нарийвчлан, үнэн зөвөөрacting – жүжиглэхadequate, adj. – хангалттай, хүрэх хэмжээтэй байхadmission, n. – элсэлтadvancement, n. – дэвшил, шат ахих advertise, v. – сурталчилах affecting, adj. – сэтгэл хөдөлгөсөн, сэтгэл татсанanswer the phone – утас авахapply, v. – хүсэлт гаргахapply, v. – хэрэглэх, ашиглах appointment, n. – албан уулзалтapproval, n. – дэмжин сайшаах, зөвшөөрөхartificial flowers – хиймэл цэцэгassiduous, adj. – хичээнгүй, хүчин зүтгэлтэй assistant instructor – туслах зааварлагч associate, v. – төсөөлөх, хамаатуулахassociated, adj. – нэгдсэн, нийлсэн, харилцан үйлчилсэнattend, v. – оролцохattendee, n. – оролцогчaudit, v. – шалгах, нягтлахauthentic, adj. – жинхэнэ, бодитaward, n. – шагнал

B

badge, n. – сүлд тэмдэг banner , n. – туг, дарцаг betrayal, n. – урвалт, шарвалт blazing, adj. – дүрэлзэж байгаа blindness, n. – хараагүй байдал boast, v. – бахархах, бардамнах boycott, n. – эсэргүүцэл brand new – цоо шинэbroadcast, v. – нэвтрүүлэхbuild networks – сүлжээ бий болгох

bullying – шоглохby myself – ганцаараа, өөрөө

C

calendar year – хуанлийн жилcamp rough – майхантай аялахcampaign, n. – олон нийтийг хамарсан зохион байгуулалттай ажилcamp-sites – лагерийн газарcanoeing – завиар аялахcapable, adj. – боломжийн, чадвартай, авьяастайcarnival, n. – багт наадамcarriage, n. – дамжуулах хоолойcautious, adj. – хашир, хянуурceramic, adj. – керамик, шавар certificate, n. – үнэмлэхchallenging problem – тулгамдсан асуудалchallenging, adj. – чадал сорьсонchange, n. – мөнгөний хариултcharacteristic, n. – онцлог өвөрмөц шинжchat, v. – чатлах cheerful, adj. – жавхаатайchoir, n. – найрал дуучдын хамтлагchuckle, v. – инээд алдахcivil rights – иргэний эрх claim, v. – шаардах, нэхэмжлэхclean the dishes – аяга, таваг угаахclient, n. – харилцагч, түнш, үйлчлүүлэгчclosing ceremony – хаалтын үйл ажиллагааco-founder, n. – хамтран үүсгэн байгуулагчcollaboration, n. – хамтын ажиллагааcolleague, n. – хамт ажилладаг хүнcollect fare – төлбөр цуглуулахcome down (snow) – цас орохcommunication problem – харилцааны асуудалcomplicated, adj. – хэцүү, төвөгтэйconduct, v. – удирдах, хөтлөх, зохион байгуулахconsideration, n. – анхаарал, халамж, хүндлэл continually, adv. – тасралтгүй, цаг ямагт, дахин дахин

DICTIONARY

171

convenient, adj. – тохиромжтойconvince, v. – батлах, нотлохcook meals – хоол хийхcreate, v. – зохиох, бий болгох, бүтээх crew, n. – хөлгийн баг, спортын баг criminal record – гэмт хэрэгт холбогдож байсан эсэх бүртгэлcriticism, n. – шүүмжлэлcrowd, n. – бөөгнөрсөн хүмүүсcurrent, adj. – өнөөгийн, орчин цагийнcycling – дугуйгаар аялах, явах

D

depict , v. – дүрслэхdepressed, adj. – гутарсанdepression, n. – сэтгэцийн хямралdestination, n. – хүрэх газар, товлосон газарdevelop relations – харилцаа, холбоог хөгжүүлэхdiplomatic, adj. – арга эвтэйdisclosure, n. – илрүүлэх, олох, илчлэх discrimination, n. – ялгаварлан гадуурхах distribute resources – нөөцийг хуваарилахdo a project – төсөлт ажил хийхdo a test – шалгалт өгөхdo washing – юм угаахdocumentary, n. – баримтат кино, нэвтрүүлэг donate, v. – хандивлахdownload, v. – татах drape streamer – даавуун, туузан чимэглэлdrown, v. – живэх

E

eating problem – хэвийн бус хооллолтeconomical, adj. – эдийн засгийн хэмнэлтэйeducation fair – боловсролын яармаг үзэсгэлэнemploy, v. – ажил олгохenergetic, adj. – эрч хүч дүүрэнengine, n. – хөдөлгүүрenthusiastic, adj. – урам зоригтой, идэвхтэйequality, n. – ижил тэнцүү байдал equestrian, n. – торгон цэрэгerrant, n. – хэрэн тэнүүчлэгч

estimated, adj. – үнэлэгдсэн, тооцсонevent, n. – үйл ажиллагааevolve, v. - хөгжих, хувирах, өөрчлөгдөхexchange, v. – солилцох executive board – гүйцэтгэх хорооexhibition, n. – үзэсгэлэнexpedition, n. – экспедиц, судалгаа шинжилгээний багextinguish, v. – унтраах, бөхөөх (гал) extraordinary, adj. – ер бусын

F

fabulous, adj. – гайхамшигт, ер бусын facility, n. – байрfare, n. – төлбөрfestival, n. – наадамfirework, n. – галын наадам, галт буудлагаfiscal year – санхүүгийн жилfishing – загас барихflower – covered float – цэцгээр чимсэн хөдөлгүүрfocus, v. – төвлөлөх, тогтохfollow sb/sth – дагах, мөрдөх football team – хөл бөмбөгийн багforger, n. – хуурамч үйлдэлfounder, n. – үүсгэн байгуулагчfreezing rain – хүйтэн борооfulfill, v. – биелүүлэх, гүйцэтгэх

G

game of tug-of-war – олс таталцах тоглоомgawker, n. – юу хийхээ мэдэхгүй гайхаж хараад зогсож буй хүн general overview – ерөнхий тоймgenius, adj. – суут, авьяас билэгтэйgigantic, adj. – асар том glowing, adj. – халуун дүрэлзсэн, улайрсанgo clubbing – дугуйланд хамрагдахgrab, v. – булааж авах, шүүрэх graduation ceremony – төгсөлтийн баярguideline, n. – зарчим, хэм хэмжээ

172

H

have a discussion – хэлэлцүүлэг хийхhave a field trip – хээрийн дадлага хийхhave a nap – дуг хийхhealth club – эрүүл ахуйн клубhealthy food – эрүүл хоол, хүнсheavy snow – цас их хэмжээгээр орохhigh wind – хүчтэй салхиhigher education institution – дээд боловсролын байгууллагаhit, v. – цохихhold, v. – зохион байгуулахhorseback riding – морь унахhorse-drawn carriage – морин тэрэгhospitalize, v. – эмнэлэгт хэвтүүлэн эмчлэхhost, v. – хүлээж авах

I

idealistic, adj. – идеалист үзэлтэйimaginative, adj. – урам сэтгэлгээтэйimplore, v. – гуйх, хүсэх impressive, adj. – гүнзгий сэтгэдэл төрүүлсэн impressive, adj. – сэтгэл татамindustry, n. – аж үйлдвэр, үйлдвэрлэлinfluential, adj. – нөлөөтэйinformative, adj. – мэдээлэл бүхийinspect, v. – шалгахinspector, n. – байцаагчinterview, v. – ярилцлага авахintroduce, v. – танилцуулахinvestigate, v. – судлахinvite, v. – урихiron clothes – хувцас индүүдэхissue, n. – асуудал

J

join, v. – холбох

K

keen on, v. – асар их дуртай, үнэн сэтгэлээсээ сонирхсон

keep, v. – хадгалах key milestones – тулгуур асуудалkneel down – өвдөглөхknitting – нэхэх

L

leaflet, n. – танилцуулгаlegendary, adj. – домогт life-sized, adj. – бүрэн, бодит хэмжээгээрээ байгааline up, v. – дарааллах, эгнэх log, n. – тэмдэглэлlook after a brother or a sister – дүүгээ харахluxurious, adj. – тансаг, чамин

M

major, adj. – олонх, гол make a presentation – илтгэл тавихmake speech – үг хэлэхmarching band – жагсаалаар явж буй хамтлагmarital status – гэрлэлтийн байдалmass cleanup – олон нийтийг хамарсан их цэвэрлэгээmean, adj. – харамчmemorize – цээжлэх, тогтоох memory, n. – дурсамжmetaphor, n. – адилтгал, метафор metropolis, n. – их хот, том хотmidterm exam – явцын шалгалтmisdeed, n. – осол, эндэл, алдааmodest, adj. – даруу төлөвmorality, n. – ёс суртахуун, ааш авир

N

national anthem – төрийн дуулалnational tradition – үндэсний уламжлалnomadic, adj. – нүүдлийн

O

obstacle, n. – саад бэрхшээлonce, adv. – эрт урьд цагт, нэгэн удаа

173

opening ceremony – нээлтийн үйл ажиллагааopportunity, n. – аз завшаан, боломжoptimistic, adj. – өөдрөгordinary, adj. – энгийн, жирийнorganize, v. – зохион байгуулахorganizing committee – зохион байгуулах хорооorientation seminar – чиглүүлэх семинарoutskirt, n. – хотын захovercrowding, n. – хэт их хүн амтай байх overhear sb/sth – санаандгүй сонсох

P

parade, n. – парад, жагсаалParalympics – хөгжлийн бэрхшээлтэй хүмүүсийн олимпparticipate, v. – оролцохpaved, adj. – засаж сайжруулсанpeaceful, adj. – амгалан тайванperformance, n. – тоглолтpersonal quality – хувь хүний зан чанар phenomenal, adj. – хосгүй, жирийн бусpill-bug, n. – чийгийн улаан хорхойpitch a tent – майхан босгохplague, n. – тахал өвчинpleasant, adj. – тааламжтай policy, n. – бодлогоpolitical, adj. – улс төрийн portray, v. – дүрслэх, илэрхийлэхposition, n. – албан тушаал, ажлын байрpredict, v. – таамаглах prediction, n. – таамаглал, төсөөлөлprepare slides – слайд бэлтгэхpresenter, n. – илтгэгчpress the bell – хонх дарах privilege, n. – давуу талprocess, v. – боловсруулахprosperity, n. – хөгжил цэцэглэлprotect environment – байгаль орчныг хамгаалахprove, v. – батлах, нотлохpsychiatric hospital – сэтгэцийн эмнэлэгpunishment, n. – шийтгэл purchase, v. – худалдаж авах, нийлүүлэх purpose, n. – зорилго

push one’s way through sth – юман дундуур чихэж гарах

Q

qualification, n. – эрдэм, чадвар, чадалquality, n. – чанар

R

raise awareness – олон нийтэд таниулахrealistic, adj. – реалистrecall, v. – сэргээн санах receive, v. – хүлээн авахrecord, v. – тэмдэглэх, бичиж авахrecycle paper – цаас дахин боловсруулахregard, v. – харах, үзэх, тооцох, хүндэтгэх relevant, adj. – хамаатай, холбоотойreliable, adj. – найдвартайremarkable, adj. – гайхалтайremember, v. – санахrepresentative, n. – төлөөлөгчrequirement, n. – шаардлагаrescue, v. – амийг нь аврах restore environment – байгаль орчныг сэргээхresume, n. – товч хураангүй тодорхойлолтretribution, n. – шийтгэл, залхаан цээрлүүлэлт retrieve, v. – гаргахreveal, v. – илрүүлэх, гаргаж ирэхreview, v. – давтах, тоймлохrhetoric, adj. – яруу илтгэх зүй, гоё үг right-handed, adj. – баруун гараараа илүү сайн хийж дадсанromance, n. – дурлалын тухай зохиол, романс romantic, adj – дэврүүн сэтгэлтэй

S

sandbox, n. – элст талбайsave electricity – цахилгаан хэмнэхsearch the Internet for information – интернетээс мэдээлэл хайхsearch, v. – хайх segregation, n. – салан тусгаарлал

174

send, v. – илгээх sensational, adj. – олныг гайхшруулсан, дуулиант, шуугиантsignature, n. – гарын үсэгskyscraper, n. – тэнгэр баганадсан өндөр барилгаslavery, n. – боолчлол sleeping problem – нойргүйдэхsnow storm – цасан шуургаsolve problems – асуудал шийдвэрлэх sonnet , n. – сонет special needs people – хөгжлийн бэрхшээлтэй хүмүүсspectacular, adj. – гайхамшигтайspeech, n. – үг, илтгэлspeechless, adj. – үгээр хэлэхийн аргагүй, чив чимээгүйspirited discussion – халуухан ярилцлагаspitting, n. – шүлс, цэр хаяхstamp collection – маркийн цуглуулга start a company / business – бизнес эхлэх, байгуулахstate, v. – томьёолох, найруулан бичихsteamship, n. – уураар ажилладаг усан онгоц store, v. – хадгалахstruggle, v. – хичээх, тэмцэх study program – сургалтын хөтөлбөрsubhuman, n. – хагас хүн, хүний төвшинд хүрээгүйswallow, v. – залгихsweep floors – хог шүүрдэхsympathetic, adj. – өрөвч

T

take actions – арга хэмжээ авахtask achievement – даалгаврын гүйцэтгэлtear, v. – урах, тасдахteens, n. – өсвөр насныханterritory, n. – газар нутагtornado, n. – далайн хар салхиtournament, n. – тэмцээнtrack, n. – замtradition, n. – уламжлал

traditional, adj. – уламжлалтtragedy, n. – эмгэнэл trainee, n. – дадлагажигчtransfer, v. – шилжүүлэх transportation, n. – тээвэр treatment, n. – хандлага, харьцаа, эмчилгээ, сувилгааtremendously, adv. – үлэмж ихээр

U

unique, adj. – бусдаас онцгой, өвөрмөц

V

vacancy, n. – сул орон тооvacuum, v. – тоос сорохvast, adj. – өргөн уудамventure, v. – аз туршихvenue, n. – үйл ажиллагааны байрvillager, n. – тосгоны оршин суугчидvisualize, v. – дүрслэх

W

waste collecting truck – хог ачдаг машинwater plants – цэцэг услахwater scarcity – усны хомсдол weather conditions – цаг агаарын байдалweather forecast – цаг агаарын урьдчилсан мэдээwipe away – арчихwordless, adj. – хэлэх үггүй work experience – ажлын туршлагаwork pressure – ажлын ачаалалworth, adv. – үнэ цэнэтэй, өндөр өртөгтэй

175

GRAMMAR REFERENCE

I. NOUNS AND DETERMINERS

1. SingularandPlural

Most nouns have both a singular and a plural form that express the difference between ‘one’ and ‘more than one’. We add –s to nouns to make the regular plural form (cat- cats, box – boxes, dictionary – dictionaries, potato – potatoes).

There are some nouns with an irregular form:

• Some nouns do not change at all, as they go from singular to plural (deer, cold, aircraft).• Some nouns change their vowels: man-men, foot-feet, woman-women, tooth-teeth,

goose-geese, mouse-mice, louse-lice• Some nouns add –en: ox-oxen, child-children• A few nouns change their final –f to –v and then add –s: knife-knives, wife-wives, loaf-

loaves, half-halves

2. Countableanduncountablenouns

• Countable nouns are the names of separate objects and people etc. which can be counted. We can use numbers and the article a/an with countable nouns. Examples: I prefer a cat to a dog. Cats are more interesting. Have you ever worked in a bank? This book is interesting.

• Uncountablenouns are the names of materials, liquids, abstract qualities.We can not use numbers with uncountable nouns. Examples: He gave me good advice. I‘m listening to music.

3. Determiners

Countable and uncountable nouns are often used with much, many, a lot, some and any.

• Some and a lot are used with countable plural and uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences. Examples: There is some water in the cup. There are some books on the table. I have a lot of friends in this town.

• Much and many are used with countable plural and uncountable nouns in negative sentences and questions. Examples: There isn’t much milk in this coffee. There aren’t many rooms in this building.

• Any is used with countable plural and uncountable nouns in questions and negative sentences. Examples: I haven’t any foreign friends. Have you got any envelopes?

4. Possessivecase

We use possessive case to talk about ownership or relationship between people. It is formed with ‘/’s. Examples: This picture’s frame is new. All children are waiting for the next week’s party Tigers’ tails are long.

176

II. ARTICLES

1. Theindefinitearticlea/an

We use articles a/an to refer to an unspecified thing. It means any one.

Example: She bought a jacket. (We are not talking about a particular jacket.)

2. Thedefinitearticlethe

• We use a definite article the when we are talking about something specific, that is, when the noun is mentioned for the second time or is already known.

Example: I received a post card on my birthday. The post card was from my friend. • with nouns which are unique. Example: The Moon moves around the Earth.• with the names if rivers (the Selenge); seas (the Baltic Sea), mountain ranges (the Altai

mountains), deserts (the Gobi).• with the names of musical instruments (the piano)• with nationality words (the Germans)• with the words morning, afternoon and evening (in the evening)

III. ADJECTIVES

Adjectives describe nouns. They come before nouns or after be and have the same form in the singular and plural. Examples: Motor racing is a dangerous sport. It’s a nice day. They are young.

1. OrderofAdjectives

There are opinion adjectives and fact adjectives. Opinion adjectives show what a person thinks of something or somebody. (good, bad etc). Fact adjectives gives information about age, colour, size, material, origin etc. (young, pretty, blue etc). Opinion adjectives go before fact adjectives. Example: It was a cold dark night.

When there are two or more fact adjectives in a sentence, they go in the following order: size—age—shape—colour—origin—material—noun

Example: a big old round wooden table beautiful long black hair

2. Comparisons

For comparison, adjectives have got two forms: the comparative and the superlative.

• We use the comparative form + than to compare two people or things. The comparative of one-syllable and two-syllable adjectives is formed by adding –er. Example:My sister is taller than me. The comparative of three or more syllables is formed with more. Example: This exercise is more difficult than the first one.

177

• We use the + superlative form + of/in to compare one person or thing with more than one person or thing in the same group. The superlative of one-syllable and two-syllable adjectives is formed by adding -est. (My sister is the tallest in her class.) The superlative of three or more syllables is formed with most. (This exercise is the most difficult in this book.)

IrregularComparativesandSuperlatives

Adjectives Comparative SuperlativeGoodbad

much/manylittlefar

betterworsemoreless

further/farther

the bestthe worst

mostleast

furthest/farthest

• We use to be as+adjective+as to say that two things or people are equal. (Her brother is as tall as my brother). We use not as + adjective + as to say that two things or people are unequal. (Her brother is not as tall as my brother).

• We can also use look + like to make comparisons. Examples: Who do you look like in your family? I look like my father. What do you look like? I’m tall and slim.

• We use quite/really/very/extremely + adjective to modify adjectives. Examples: It’s a quite interesting book! That’s a really boring film.

• So/such +adjective We use so and such before an adjective to make its meaning stronger. We use so before

an adjective (without a noun). Example: Surfing is so exciting. We use such before a noun (with or without an

adjective). Example: Surfing is such an exciting sport.

IV. PRONOUNS

Personalpronouns Possessivedeterminers Possessivepronouns Reflexivepronouns

I my mine MyselfYou your (singular) yours YourselfHe his his HimselfShe her hers HerselfIt its its Itself

We our ours OurselvesYou your (plural) yours YourselvesThey their theirs Themselves

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1. Personalpronouns Personal pronouns are divided into subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they)

which go before verbs as subjects and object pronouns (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them),which go after verbs or prepositions as objects.

Examples: I get up at six every morning. Ask her to bring my book.

2. Possessivedeterminersandpronouns

We use possessive determiners and pronouns to talk about ownership or the relationship between people.

Examples: This is our room. Its windows are big. This room is mine. That room is hers.

3. Reflexivepronouns

We use reflexive pronouns to emphasise the subject or the object of a sentence (She cooked breakfast herself. I did this work myself), with the preposition by when we mean alone (I made this poster by myself).

4. Demonstratives:this/that/these/those

Singular Plural this these that those

We use this and these to talk about things near the speaker and that and those to talk about things that are further away from the speaker.

Examples: This is a table and these are pencils. That is a whiteboard and those are whiteboard pens.

5. Relativepronouns:who, which, that, where

We use relative pronouns to join sentences. We often put these pronouns in place of he, she, it or they.

• We use who for people and which for things. Examples: A hairdresser is a person who makes your hairstyle. I like beauty products, which smell good.• We can use that instead of which and instead of who in informal speech. Examples: I like beauty products that smell good. A hairdresser is a person that styles your hair.• We use where for a place in a relative clause. Example: A beauty salon is a place where you can have a tattoo.

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V. PREPOSITIONS AND LINKING WORDS

1. Prepositionsofplace

We use prepositions of place to say where somebody or something is (at, in, on, under, between, opposite, above, in front of, behind).

We use at: • to talk about someone’s house or work place (at the doctor’s)• in expressions: at work, at home, at school, at university, at sea, at the airport etc.• to say where an event takes place (at the concert, at the party, at the theatre, at the

meeting etc.)

We use in:• with the names of continents, countries and cities (in Europe, in Asia, Mongolia, in

England, in Ulaanbaatar, in Moscow)• in the expressions: in the country, in hospital, in bed, in the sky, in a street, in the

world etc.

We use on:• in the expressions: on the left, on the right, on a map, on the first/second etc.

2. Prepositions of time: at, in, on

We use at: • to talk about exact time (at 6 o’clock), holidays (at the weekend, at Christmas) and in

the expressions: at night, at midnight, at lunchtime, at present.

We use in:• to talk about parts of a day (in the morning), seasons (in summer), months (in

November), years (in 1986), and centuries (in the 20th century) We use on to talk about days (on Friday) and dates (on July 11).

3. Prepositionsofmovement:

We use prepositions of movement to show the direction in which somebody or something is moving. (to, from, through, into, out of, up, down)

4. Linking words

• When we join two or more things, we usually put and before the last. I have got small eyes and black hair.

• But is used to combine two opposite meanings. I was very tired, but I finished my homework.

• Or is used to express an alternative. On Saturdays we go out or stay at home.

• We use although, in spite of, while, despite and however to express contrast. Examples: Although he missed the train, he got to the meeting on time. Despite/in spite

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of the storm we decided to go for a trip. (They are followed by a noun or verb+ing). Even though he was British he played for Spain. I was cleaning my room while she was doing her homework. The computer is very powerful. However, it is quite expensive.

• We use because and so to express cause and reason. Example: I took a taxi because I was late. It was cold, so we decided to make a fire.

5. Sequencers

Sequencers after, before, finally join ideas and begin or end a sentence. Examples: Before dinner, she watched TV. Finally, we went home.

V. I MPERATIVES, INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

1. Imperative

We use imperatives to tell or ask people what to do, to make suggestions, to give advice or instructions, to offer something.

Positiveform NegativeformCall me tonight.Stop talking!!

Be quiet, please.

Don’t be late, please.Don’t be so stupid!!

Don’t run in the school.

2. InfinitivesofPurposeandso that

• An infinitive is to + the base form of the verb. It often expresses a reason for doing something. It usually answers the question Why? Countries work together to solve problems.

• We use so that+modal+verb to express the same idea. Countries work together so that they can solve problems.

3. Gerunds We use the gerund like a noun. We can use it in the following ways:

• As the subject of a verb: Jogging is good for you.• As an object after certain verbs: I enjoy swimming.

4. Get on/get off; get into/get out of

We use get on/get off when you talk about public transport – buses, trains, planes and horses and motorcycles.

Examples: You get on the bus at Tengis cinema. You get off the bus at UB Palace.

We use getin(to)/getoutof to talk about cars, taxis and small boats. Examples: She gets into a car at the taxi rank. She gets out of a car at the Circus.

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VI. PRESENT FORMS

1. to be

Positiveform NegativeformI am Mongolian.

18 years old.

a student.

I am not (‘m not) Mongolian.

18 years old.

a student.

He/She/It is He/She/It is not(isn’t)

We/You/They are We/You/They are not(aren’t)

QuestionForm Short answersAm I Mongolian?

18 years old?a student?

Yes,/No, I am/am not.Is He/She/It Yes,/No, He/she/it is/isn’t.

Are We/You/They Yes,/No, We/you/they are/aren’t

2. Have/ have got

We use have got in informal English to talk about possession and similar ideas, especially in the present tense. It has the similar meaning with have. Examples:

I have got long black hair. She has got short curly hair.

Positiveform NegativeformI

YouWe

They

have got/’ve got

two brothers.have not got/ haven’t got

two brothers.

HeSheIt

has got/’s got

Long black hair. has not got/ hasn’t got

long black hair.

QuestionformHave I

youwe

they

got two brothers?

Has Hesheit

got long black hair?

2. PresentSimple

We use present simple: 1. to talk about habits and routines. 2. to talk about things that are always true.

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Statement Negativeform Questionforms Short answersPositive Negative

IYou

We workThey

IYou

We don’t work.They

IDo you work?

wethey

IYes, you do.

wethey

INo, you don’t.

wethey

He She works

It

He She doesn’t work

It

he Doesshe work?

it

he Yes, she does.

it

he No,she doesn’t.

it

3. Present Continuous

• We use present continuous to describe things that are happening at the moment. (Anu is writing a letter at the moment.)

Positiveform NegativeformI am working. ‘m not (am not) working.

YouWe

They are working.

aren’t (are not) working.

He SheIt

is working.isn’t (is not) working.

Questionform Positiveanswers NegativeanswersAm I working? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.

Are

youwe

they working?

youYes, we are.

they

youNo, we aren’t.

they

Ishe sheit

working?he

Yes, she is.it

heNo, she isn’t.

it

• We also use present continuous to talk about developing and changing situations, even these are very long-lasting. Examples: Today the communication is becoming easier. The computer technology is changing faster.

4. PresentSimplevs.PresentContinuous

• We use present simple to talk about regular things that usually happen every day.• We use the present continuous forms to talk about changes.

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PresentSimple Present ContinuousI usually get fashionable clothes in the shopping centre.I do not (don't) usually get fashionable clothes in the shopping centre.Do you usually get fashionable clothes in the shopping centre?- Yes, I do.- No, I don't.

I am getting more fashionable clothes in the shopping centre.I am not getting more fashionable clothes in the shopping centre.Are you getting more fashionable clothes in the shopping centre?- Yes, I am.- No, I am not.

5. Present Perfect

We use present perfect:• for past events that happen in a period of time continuing up to the present• to say that finished action or event is connected with the present• to express the idea of completion or achievement

PositiveformRegular verbs Irregular verbs

I YouWe

They

have studied hard.I

YouWe

They

have met a famous person.

He SheIt

has studied English a lot.He SheIt

has met a famous person.

NegativeformRegular verbs Irregular verbs

I YouWe

They

haven’t studied English very well.I

YouWe

They

haven’t (have not) met a famous person.

He SheIt

hasn’t studied English very well.He SheIt

hasn’t (has not) met a famous person.

QuestionformRegular verbs Irregular verbs

Have

I youwe

they

studied English well?Have

I youwe

theymet a famous person?

Hashe sheit

studied English a lot? Hashe sheit

met a famous person?

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Short answers

Yes,I

youwe

they

have. No,I

youwe

they

haven’t.

Yes,heshe it

has. No,he she it

hasn’t.

6. Present Perfect Continuous

We use the present perfect continuous (has/have + been + verb-ing)when the activity is important. We are interested in how someone has been spending time, and the achievement is not important. Examples: I’ve been running. They have been playing football.

VII. PAST FORMS

1. PastSimple

We use past simple forms to talk about past actions, situations and repeated events. (things that happened at a time that is now finished and often used time expressions yesterday, last week, five days ago in the past).

Examples: I went to Erdenet yesterday. We stayed in a ger last summer.


youHesheIt

WeThey

worked.

IyouHesheIt

WeThey

did not (didn’t) work.

Questionform Short answers

Did

Iyouhesheit

wethey

work? Yes/No,

Iyouhesheit

wethey

did/didn’t.

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2. Past Continuous

We use past continuous to express things happening at a time in the past. Example: I was waiting for a bus at 6.00 yesterday evening.

Positiveform

were studying.

NegativeformI

YouWe

They

weren’t (were not) studying.

He SheIt

was studying. wasn’t (was not) studying.

Questionform Short answers

Were

I youwe

they

studying?

Yes/No

I youwe

they

were/weren’t.

Washe sheit

studying?heshe it

was/wasn’t.

3. PastContinuousvs.PastSimple

Past Continuous PastSimpleWe use the past continuous forms when we talk about action or situations that are in the middle of progress.Children were collecting seashells.

We use the past simple forms when we talk about completed action. The first wave hit the village.

• We often use the past continuous and the past simple together when we talk about something that happened in the middle of something else.

People were sleeping when the earthquake shook their houses.• We sometimes use the past continuous twice when we talk about two actions that

happened at same time. Animals were stamping on the ground, and fish were flapping on the sand.

4. PresentPerfectvs.PastSimple

Present Perfect PastSimpleWe use the present perfect forms when we give new information or announce a recent happening. There has been a flood in some countries in the South-East.

We use the past simple forms when we talk about completed past actions or details.The flood damaged a lot of houses.

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5. PastSimplevs.PastPerfect

PastSimple Past PerfectWe use the past simple forms when we talk about something that happened at the certain time in the past.My brother told us stories about solar eclipse.

We use the past perfect forms when we talk about something that happened before the certain time in the past.We had found the stories on the Internet before.

6. Used to

We use used to+infinitive to refer to past habits or states. It can be replaced by the past simple with no difference in meaning.

Examples: I used to collect stamps when I was younger. (I collected stamps when I was younger). He used to play football a lot when he was in high school. (He played football a lot when

he was at high school). 7. Used tovs.PastSimple

Used to PastSimpleWe use used to when we talk about past habits and long-lasting situations which are now finished or different. In the past, all Mongolians used to wear dels.

We use the past simple to talk about things that happened once in the past.

Last year we wore dels for Tsagaan Sar.

VIII. FUTURE FORMS

1. FutureSimple

We use the future simple:• in predictions about the future usually with verbs think, believe etc Example: Her

parents think that she will be a film star one day.• for events and actions that will definitely happen in future. Example: My little brother

will be three years old next month.• For immediate decisions and offers. Example; Wait a minute! I will help you to lift this

box.

2. Future Continuous

We use the future continuous:• for an action which will be in progress at a stated future time. Example; Next weekend

I will be skiing.• for an action which will definitely happen in the future as the result of a routine.

Example: I’ll inform my friends about my decision. I’ll be seeing them next weekend. • when we ask politely about someone’s plans for the near future. Example: Will you be

going out tonight?

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3. Present Continuous for future

We use present continuous to talk about arrangements or plans that have already been made.

Affirmativeform(be+verb-ing)I’m

You’reHe’sShe’s

You’reWe’re

They’re

going to grandparents’

cooking dinner

watching a film

tomorrow.

next weekend.

next Monday.

QuestionForms Short answers

Am

Is

Are

I

he/she

you/we/they

going to countryside?

Affirmative Negative

Yes,

I am.

he/she is.

you/we/they are.

No,

I’m not.

he/she isn’t.

you/we/they’re not.

4. 'Will’ future

We use the will future forms to say what we think, guess or calculate what will happen.

Positive NegativeI think I/you/he/she/ we/they will be there by the end of the week.

I think, I/you/he/she/we/they will not (won't) be there by the end of the week.

Questionform Short answersDo you think you/he/she/we/they will be there by the end of the week?

- Yes, I / you / he / she/ we / they do.- No, I / you / he / she/ we / they don't.

5. Be going to

We use be going to talk about a personal intention. Examples: I’m going to play basketball this evening. They are going to go to theatre tonight.

Positive NegativeI am going to do some washing this weekend. I am not going to do some washing this

weekend.You/We/They are going to do some washing this weekend.

You/We/They are not (aren't) going to do some washing this weekend.

He / She is going to do some washing this weekend.

He/She is not (isn't) going to do some washing this weekend.

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Questionforms Short answersAre you going to do some washing this weekend?

- Yes, I am.- No, I am not.

Are you/they going to do some washing this weekend?

- Yes, you/they are. - No, you/they aren't.

Is he/she is going to do some washing this weekend?\

- Yes, he/she is.- No, he/she isn't.

6. Present Continuous for future

We use the present continuous forms with going to to talk about our plans or intentions for the near future.

Positive NegativeI am going to Dornod next week. I am not going to Hovd next week.You / We / They are going to Dornod next week. You / We / They are not (aren't) going to Hovd.He / She is going to Dornod next week. He / She is not (isn't) going to Dornod next week.

Questionforms Short answersAre you going to Dornod next week? - Yes, I am.

- No, I am not.Are you / they going to Dornod next week? - Yes, you / they are.

- No, you / they aren't.

Is he / she is going to Dornod next week?

- Yes, he / she is.- No, he / she isn't.

7. PresentSimpleforfuture

We sometimes use the present simple forms when we talk about timetables, routines and schedules.

Positive Negative QuestionformandshortanswersThe plane arrives at 10.00.

The plane does not (doesn't)arriveat 10.00.

Does the plane arrive at 10.00?- Yes, it does.- No, it doesn't.

8. Will be able to

We use this expression when we talk about things that are already planned for the future.

Positive Negative QuestionformandshortanswersI / you / he / she/ we / they willbe able to visit a lot of places.

I / you / he / she/ we / they willnot(won't)be to visit a lot of places.

Will you / he / she/ we / they be abletovisit a lot of places?- Yes, I / you / he / she/ we / they

will.- No, I / you / he / she/ we / they

won't.

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9. Future: will(amodalverb)

Use will in predictions of future events – to say what we think, guess or calculate will happen. It has no –s with he, she, it.

Positiveform NegativeformI think, tomorrow will be nice. Who do you think will be a winner? I’ll (will) be rich one day.

I don’t think it will be warm tomorrow.He won’t (will not) come, I think. He’s quite busy.People won’t (will not) use paper money in the future.

9. There will be / it will be

We use expressions there will be and it will be to talk about future. • Use there will be to say that something will exist or will not exist in the future. It is often used to talk about weather, future predictions. It is usually followed by nouns.

Examples: There will be some rain tonight. There will be a lot of people at the concert.• Use it will be to say about physical state or condition. It is usually followed by adjectives.

Examples: It will be rainy tomorrow. It will be hot summer.

IX. THE PASSIVE

1. Passives Passive verb forms are often used to describe what happens to people and things.

We use the passive: • to describe a process • to indicate the material and place of origin of the thing. Example: These cars are made

in Germany. • when the agent/person who did the action is not important or not known. We use by for the person who did the action. Example: The book was written by a very

famous journalist.

2. PresentPassive

We use the present passive forms when we talk about what happens, not who it happens to.

Positive Negative QuestionformandshortanswersThe story is chosen for the film.

The story is not chosen for the film.

Is the story first chosen for the film?- Yes, it is.- No, it isn't.

3. PastPassive

We use past passive forms when we talk about what happened to people or things, not what they did themselves.

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Positive Negative Questionformandshortanswers

The Globe theater was named after Shakespeare.

The Globe theater was not (wasn't) named after Shakespeare.

Was the Globe theater named after Shakespeare?- Yes, it was.- No, it wasn't.

4. PresentPassivevs.PastPassive

PresentPassive PastPassiveThis phone is made in Japan. (country)These jeans are made in the USA.

This dress was made in Korea. (country)These shoes were made in Italy.

The table is made of wood. (material)Those cups are made of plastic.

The broken vase was made of glass.The houses in ancient time were made of wood. (material)

5. FuturePassive We use future passive forms to describe future processes.

Positive Negative Questionformandshortanswers

The Olympic village will be built in two years.

The Olympic village will not (won’t ) be built in two years.

Will the Olympic village be built in two years?- Yes, it will.- No, it won't.

6. Activevs.Passive• We use active forms to point out who did the action.• We use passive forms to point out the action. • Passive sentences focus on the noun that is the receiver or result of an action rather

than the noun that is performing the action (the agent).

Active PassiveThe professor introduces a new program. A new program is introduced by the

professor.Universities offer different study programs. Different study programs are offered by

universities.

X. REPORTED SPEECH

Direct speech is the exact words someone used. We use quotation marks (“”) in direct speech. Example: “It’s a beautiful day!” said Alimaa.

Reported speech is the exact meaning of what someone said, not the exact words. We do not use quotation marks in reported speech. We either use the word that after a verb, or omit it. Example: Alimaa said (that) it was a beautiful day.

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We can use the verbssayand tell both in direct and reported speech. Tell is always followed by a personal object. Example: Alimaa told me that it was a beautiful day.

Say is used with or without a personal object. When used with a personal object it is always followed by the preposition to. Example: Alimaa said to me (that) it was a beautiful day.

We use reported speech to report someone’s words a long time after they were said. In this case the verbs and tenses change as follows:

Direct Speech Reported SpeechPresent simple:“I want to buy a new dictionary ,” she said.

Past simple:She said (that) she wanted to buy a new dictionary.

Present continuous:“She’s buying a new dictionary,” he said.

Past continuous:He said (that) she was buying a new dictionary.

Present perfect:“I’ve bought a new dictionary,” she said.

Past perfect:She said (that) she had bought a new dictionary.

Past simple:“I bought a new dictionary,” she said.

Past simple/past perfect:She said (that) she (had) bought a new dictionary.

Past continuous:“I was buying a new dictionary,” she said.

Past continuous /past perfect continuous:She said (that) she was /had been buying a dictionary.

XI. CONDITIONALS

1. Zeroconditional(If + present simple, present simple)

We use zero conditional to express:• conditions which are always true. Example: If I read on the bus, I feel bad.• scientific facts. Example: If you put paper on a fire, it burns quickly.

2. 1st conditional

We use the first conditional when we talk about what will happen in the future when a possibility happens. The if-clause can come before or after the main clause with no change in meaning. When the if-clause comes first, we put a comma after it.

If-clause(PresentSimple) Mainclause(Future)If Subject VerbIf you/we exercise, you/we will feel better.If he/she Exercises, he/she will feel better.

Or:Mainclause(Future) If-clause(PresentSimple)

If Subject Verb You/we will feel better if you/we exercise. He/She will feel better if he/she exercises.

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3. 2ndConditional

We use the second conditional when we want to talk about an imagined (unreal) event or situation.

Positiveform:If-clause(PastSimple) Mainclause(would +infinitive)

If Subject VerbIf you/we won lots of money you/we would buy a castle

Negativeform:Mainclause(Future) If-clause(PresentSimple)

If Subject VerbYou/we wouldn’t buy a castle if you/we won a lot of money

Question If-clause(Past)If Subject Verb

What would you do if You found 100,000T

XII. ADVERB

1. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They usually go after verbs. Examples: I can do it quickly. He drives well.

We form a regular adverb by putting –lyto adjectives. Adjective Adverb

Slow slowlyEasy easily

Irregular adverbs have the same form as adjectives. Adjective Adverb

early earlyfast fasthard hardlate lategood well

2. Comparisonofadverbs

The comparative and superlative forms of adverbs are formed in the same way as those of adjectives. Regular adverbs form their comparative with more and their superlative with most.

slowly – more slowly – most slowly hungrily – more hungrily – most hungrily

Irregular adverbs with the same form as adjectives form their comparative with –er and their superlative with -est.

hard – harder – hardest fast – faster – fastest early – earlier – earliest

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3. Adverbsoffrequency

We use these adverbs to say how often something happens.

Always usually often sometimes never100% _____________________________50%_____________________ 0

The adverbs go after to be (He’s usually late.), after auxiliary and modal verbs (Alimaa can never wake up in time.) and before the main verb (He always gets up at 8 o’clock.)

XIII. MODALS

Modals come before the infinitive form of a verb without to (except ought to). They never change their word form and never use do to form questions or negatives. To form negatives we use not after the modal and before the verb.

1. Can/could forability

We use can and could to talk about ability. Can is used to talk about ability in the present, could in the past. We use infinitive without to after can and could. Examples: I can play tennis. She could play the piano when she was very young.

Present PastPositive can couldNegative can not/can’t could not/couldn’t

2. Canforpermission,requestandoffer

Permission

Asking permission Givingpermission Refusing permissionIs it OK if I buy her a CD? Yes, of course it is. No, I’m sorry, it isn’t.Can I use our pen? Yes, of course.

Go ahead.No, I’m sorry. I’m using it now.

Request

Makingrequest Agreeing to arequest Refusingarequest

Can I have some water, please? Yes, of course I’m sorry, I’m just going out.

Please, can you tell me when The next train is?

Sure. The next train leaves at 8:40.

I’m sorry, I don’t know.

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Offer

Offeringhelp Accepting an offer Refusing an offerCan I carry that suitcase? Yes, please. Thank you

You. That’s very kind of you.

No, thank you. It’s all right. I can do it.

3. Must/have to

Must and have to have similar meanings in the positive. Example: (You must go now. = You have to go now).

In the negative, must is used for obligation: You mustn’t stay here = you can’t go. There is no obligation when we use have to: You don’t have to go = you can go or stay.

4. Must be good/must have

In affirmative statements we use must be or must have to say what is necessary, and to give strong advice and orders to ourselves or other people.

You must be prepared to teach young children. You must have a job qualification.

5. Should/ shouldn’t

We use should:• to talk about obligation, duty and similar ideas. It is less strong than must.

Positiveform NegativeformYou should be careful in the streets. Students should study hard to complete their school.

Students shouldn’t (should not) be late for school.You shouldn’t (should not) lie to people.

• to express obligation or to give advice. You should walk more. You shouldn’t throw away the litter.

6. Need/don’t need

We use need to talk about habitual, general necessity. It is often used to ask for to give permission.


YouWe

They

need a pen. don’t needa pen.

HeSheIt

needs a pen.doesn’t need a pen.

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Questionform

DoI

youwe

they

needa pen?

DoesHesheit

need a pen?

7. Wouldforpoliteness

Would is used in polite requests and offers. It often acts as a softer form of will. Examples: I would happily do some housework for you. (positive) I wouldn’t do babysitting. (negative) Would I have free time? (question)

8. Would+infinitive

We use would to talk about an imaginary situation or action. After would we use an infinitive without to. Examples: I would never use a gun. (positive) I wouldn’t use a gun. (negative) Would you use a gun? (question)

XIV.QUESTIONTAGS

Question tags are used to check whether something is true or ask for agreement. We put negative tags after positive sentences and non negative tags after negative sentences. Examples:

(+) (-)She’s very good at chess, isn’t she?They’re their students, aren’t they?Your brother works here, doesn’t he?

(-) (+) They aren’t our students, are they?It’s not cold day, is it?We don’t want to walk, do we?

ENGLISHVIII

Ерөнхий боловсролын 12 жилийн сургуулийн 12 дугаар ангийн сурах бичиг

Зохиогчийн баг

Ахпагч:Гишүүд:

Н.МираС.ХонгорзулЦ.БурмааР.АриунааБ.Анхзаяа

Редактор:Техник редактор:Гэрэл зурагчин:Зураач:Хэвлэлийн эх бэлтгэгч:

П.БаянжаргалБ.БаярмааБ.ЭрдэнэбаярН.ЭрдэнэбаярС.Оюунбат

Формат 70х100/16 Офсет хэвлэл. Офсет хэвлэлийн цаас. 80гр/м2 гөлгөр шар

Хэвлэлийн хуудас 16 х.х

Хэвлэлийн эх бэлтгэлийг “Битпресс” ХХК-д бэлтгэж, “СЭЛЭНГЭПРЕСС” ХХК-д 8.300 хувь хэвлэв.

lesson 5 self-check

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