27(2009), 5390

(lu) *

1)

__ (Adhyy) __

**

1)

. . (Adhyy)

. . .

[: , , , , , ()]

,

.

vas()

, .

, ,

,

. ,

,

.

.

.

(la) .1)

* 2009

.

** . plogos@catholic.or.kr

1) (la) ()

. Siddhnta-kaumud . kad gamiyasi,

5 4 27

(lu) ()2).3)

(anadyatana-bhaviyat-kle arthe) .

,

.

,

.4)

(smnya-

bhaviyat-kale arthe) .

(smpya-kale arthe),

, (kriy-prabandha)

.

, .

.5)

smnya()

,

.

ea gacchmi( gamiymi, ? ). pte,

V.S.(1984) p. 146( 213).

2) l .

l, l .

. Robert, P.G.

& Sally, J.S.G.(1987) p. xxx ; Gune, J.A.(1978) pp. 76f .

3) lu [], []

. Periphrastic future(

, ), Simple future .

, .

4) Robert, P.G. & Sally, J.S.G.(1987) p. 274( 16.2) ; Gune, J.A.(1978)

p. 76 ; Meenakshi, K.(1983) pp. 169f ; Whitney, W.D.(2005) p.

335(942.a) ; Speijer, J.S.(2006) pp. 259f(341) .

5) 3) . Speijer

Sanskrit syntax 260(341*) .

(lu) 5 5

,

.

.

,

.

(-t) as

6)

. 3(prathamapurua)

as . 3

,

.

(Adhyy)

,

.

.

6) .

12 ,

, (kart) as (la)

.( = + (t/ it) + as )

as Parasmaipada,

tmanepada .

as (li)

Withney(2005) p. 336(944.c) .

3 , as (: -t, :

-trau, : -tra) .

5 6 27

.

( ) [

](anadyatana( vastana) bhaviyat-kle lu)

.

.

(be ) ,

.7)

.

anvgant yajapatir vo atra(Vjasameyi-Sahit, 18.59; Taittirya

-Sahit, 5.7.7): .

anvgant yajamna svasti(Atharva-Veda, 6.123):

. 8)

.

, 30

.9)

as tmanepada()

. prayoktsmi(

) 14.6.2.3 prayoktse . 11.5.1.11

ayitsi( ) ayitse .10)

.

7) Whitney(2005) p. 337( 946) .

8) Macdonell, A.A.(2007) p. 387 .

9) Whitney(2005) p. 337( 946).

10) Whitney(2005) p. 337( 947.a).

(lu) 5 7

, 3.176.20 . bhyo dra

tavsmi( )

tava . Ngnanda kas trt

tava putraka(! ?)

trt()

.11)

.

, 3 as .

vaktsti(), bhettsti(), pravaktsti() 3

as .

na tveha vaktsti( . Mhbh.,

3.250.2)

na ca vas tasya bhettsti( .

Mhbh., 7.50.20)

nnya pravaktsti( . Mhbh., 12.30

8.23).

, 12 as . aha dra

brahmaloke sadeti( . Mhbh.,

1.11.17) 1 (aha) as

(asmi) (dra) . as

.

vydhas tva bhavit( . Mhbh., 3.294.32)

hantha gadaybhyetya duryodhanam amaraam(

. Mhbh., 5.73.13).

11) Speijer(2006) p. 259(340, Rem. 3) .

5 8 27

, as . aha

manye prvam eko smi gant(

. Mhbh., 1.88.17)

gantsmi , as

, asmi gant .

, as

. pratigraht tm asmi( . Mhbh.,

1.42.7)12) as (tm)

. kuruva kart hy asi ntra saayo( !

. 7.61.18 as hi .

, (-tr) ,

. .

gantr( . Garua-Pura, 2.4.84)

ek janayit putram([]

. R., 1.38.8).

, . yady

ahatvay vai dharit balt, ayit tva hata sakhye

( ,

. R., 3.56.5)13) dharit dh(

) .

12) Whitney(2005) p. 336(943.b) .

13) Speijer(2006) p. 258(340, Rem. 1, 2) .

(lu) 5 9

. (Adhyy)

3.1. (P., 3.3.15)

.

vas()

.

.

iya nu kad gamiyati(

?) iya nu kad gant(

?) .

1) (pada)

[ .]

(anadyatane lu//)

2) Kika (Vtti)14)

[]

[] .15)

(bhaviyad-anadyatane 'rthe varttamnd dhtor lu pratyayo bha

14) Vasu, . Ch. Ed., & trans.(1988) The Ashdhyy of Pini

.

15) Kauabhaa (Lakrrthaniraya) []

. [] [

]. anadyatane

lu( [ ])

. vo bhavit( )

.(lu-artham ha/ vo bhviny arthaiti/ anadyatane

bhvinty artha/ anadyatane lu iti strt/ yath vo bhavit ity

dau//) . Gune(1978) p. 76.

6 0 27

vati//)

3) Vmana Jayditya (Vrttikam, Vrtti)16)

[] .

[] [] .

. va kart( ). vo

bhokt( ). (anadyatane)

. [ ] []

. adya vo v bhaviyati(

). ,

(vastan) . iya nu kad gant, yaiva

pdau nidadhti( []

?) aya nu kad 'dhyet, ya eva anabhiyukta

( ?)17)

3.2.

3 .

(12) t(-it) as

.18) Parasmaipada()

16) Vmana and Jayditya(1969-) A commentary on Pini's grammar

.

17) bhaviyatty eva/ bhaviyad-anadyatane 'rthe varttamnd dhto lu

pratyayo bhavati/ o 'pavda/ va kart/ vo bhokt/ anadyatanaiti

bahuvrhi-nirdea/ tena vymire na bhavati/ adya vo v

bhaviyati// paridevane vastan bhaviyad-arthe vaktavy/ iya nu

kad gant, yaiva pdau nidadhti/ aya nu kad 'dhyet, ya evam

anabhiyukta//Vrtti., 3.3.15//

18) + ts. (3.1.33)

k() . k +

(lu) 6 1

P. .

1 ts-mi ts-va ts-ma the ts-vahe ts-mahe

2 ts-i ts-tha ts-tha ts-e ts-the tdhve

3 t trau tra t trau tra

as tmanepada . (3

) as (

), rau(), ras() .19) Parasmaipada

tmanepada .

.20)

ts + kar-ts-mi( ), kar-ts-va(

), kar-ts-ma( ). Katre, S.M.(1989) p. 189

.

19) (2.4.85) 3 (), rau(),

ras() .

. k() .

(3.1.33) k + ts + 3

. 6.4.143(e)

.

3 kar + t+ kar-t-

( ) . 3 k +

ts + rau(ras) . 1.1.55(an-ek-l

it-sarvasya) s , 7.4.51(r-i ca)

r . kar + t + rau(ras)

kar-t-rau(ras)( , )

. ibid., p. 179 .

20) tmanepada 1 (the) ts + te, 2

(tdhve) ts + dhve .

6 2 27

3.2.1. (12 , P., 3.1.33)

.

tsi . tsi

ts i . i

(anubandha,

)21) (ts)

.

man() sagam() 3

,

mant( ) sagant(

) .

.22)

1)

() () [] sya, [

] tsi.

(sya-ts -lo//)

2)

21) (anubandha, )

, .

it( )

. anubandh(. )

.

(prakti), (pratyaya),

(gama), (dea, , s

) .

. Bevasthali, G.V.(1967)

pp. 1f.

22) (2005) p. 27 .

(lu) 6 3

[ ] [

] . [ ]

(yath-sakhya) sya tsi

[] .

(-rpam utsnubandha smnyam ekam eva/ tasmin lui ca

parato dhtor yath-sakhya-sya-ts pratyayau bhavata //)

3)

[ ] [

] . [ ]

sya tsi. kariyati(,

), akariyat(, ), va kart(

, ). [ tsi] i [

] .23) mant(

), sagant( ).24)

3.2.2. (3 , P., 2.4.85)

12 as

3 (), rau(), ras() Parasmaipada

tmanepada

23) i (anubandha) ,

(pratyaya) (gama num) .

, kui ku t, tum, tavya, kuit,

kuitum, kuitavya, ku(P., 7.1.58) .

(Kik) tsi ts i

. Bevasthali, G.V.(1967) pp. 51f.

24) -rpam utsnubandha smnyam ekam eva/ tasmin lui ca

parato dhtor yath-sakhya sya-ts pratyayau bhavata/

kariyati/ akariyat/ va kart/ idit-karaam

anunsikalopa-pratiedha-artham/ mant/ sagant//Vrtti., 3.1.33//

6 4 27

.

1)

3 [] , rau, ras.

(lua prathamasya -rau-rasa//)

2)

3 [] Parasmaipada tmanepada

, rau, ras.

.

(lu-deasya prathama-puruasya parasmaipadsytmanepadasya

ca rau rasety ete de bhavanti yathsakhyam//)

3)

3 [] Parasmaipada tmanepada

, rau, ras. . kart(

), kartrau( ), kartra(

). tmanepada adhyet( ), adhyetrau(

), adhyetra( ). 3

? [12] va kartsi( ), vo

'dhyetse( )[ .]25)

3.2.3. kp (P., 1.3.93)

kp() ,

Parasmaipada

25) lu-deasya prathamapuruasya prasmaipadasya tmanepadasya ca

yathkramam rau ras ity ete de bhavanti/ kart, kartrau,

kartra/ tmanepadasya adhyet, adhyetrau, adhyetra/

prathamasya iti kim/ va kartsi/ vo 'dhyetse//Vrtti., 2.4.85//

(lu) 6 5

. kalpt( ), kalptrau

( ), kalpatra( )

.

1)

kp [ .]

(lui ca kpa//)

2)

kp (sya) (san)

, Parasmaipada [] .

(lui ca sya-sano ca kpe parasmaipada v bhavati//)

3)

[ (P., 1.3.92) ] vt()

[ kp ]

, (Parasmaipada tmanepada)

. ca()

[ ]

(anukarartha) .

. ca

[]

. [] kp

,

Parasmaipada [] . [] kalpt(

), kalptrau( ), kalpatra(

), [] kalpasyati( ), []

akalpsyat( ), [] cikpsati(

). [tmanepada ] kalit, []

kalpiyate, [] akalpiyata, [] cikalpiate.26)

26) vtditvd eva sya-sanor vikalpa siddho lui vidhyate/ ca-kras

tarhi sya-sanor anukarartho na vaktavya, eva tarhi iya

6 6 27

3.3. (P., 8.1.29)

, []

(tia-tia) (8.1.28)

. , .

va kart( ) kart(

) .

1)

[ ] [

] .

(na lu//)

2)

[] [] .

[ ] [

] .

(prvetiprasakte pratiedha rabhyate/ lu-anta nnudtta

bhavati//)

3)

[] [] .

[ ] [

] . va kart(

), va kartrau( ), msena kartra

( ). 6.1.186 []

( (tsi) )

prpti prv prpti bdheta, tasmc ca-kra sya-sanor

anukarartha kriyate/ lui ca sya-sano ca kpe parasmaipada

v bhavati/ kalpt, kalptrau, kalptra/ kalpsyati/ akalpsyat/

cikpsati/ kalpit/ kalpiyate/ akalpiyata/ cikalpiate//Vrtti., 1.3.93//

(lu) 6 7

(lasrvadhtuka27)) ,

(ts) (3.1.328)).

(i)29) ,

(6.1. 16130)).31)

3.4.

3.4.1. Kipra() (P., 3.3.133)

3.3.133 135-138

. kipra()

. kipra

ghra, u, tvarita . kipram

,

27) (srvadhtuka) (ti) []

.(ti-it-srvadhtukam, P., 3.4.113) dea

(), vikaraa(

), kt(1 , 1 ), sup(), ti(

) . kt

, kt (srvadhtuka)

. Cf. Bevasthali, G.V.(1967) p. 154.

28) [ ]

.(dy-udtta-ca)

29) [] i.(aco nty-di i.

P., 1.1.64)

30)

.(anudttasya ca yatrodtta-lopa)

31) prvetiprasakte pratiedha rabhyate/ lu-anta nnudtta

bhavati/ va kart/ va kartrau/ msena kartra/ tse parasya

la-srvadhtukasya anudttatve sati sarva-tsir eva udtta/ yatra tu

i-lopa, tatra udtta-nivtti-svaro bhavati//Vrtti., 8.1.29//

6 8 27

gamiyati( ) adhyeymahe( )

. kipram adhyetsma

.

1)

kipra() [

.]

(kipra-vacane //)

2)

kipra ,

.

(kipra-vacana upapade asy gamyamny dhto

pratyayo bhavati//)

3)

. [], kipra

, []

. []

(bhtavac ca, P., 3.3.132) . updhyya

cet kipram gamiyati, kipra vykaraam adhyeymahe(

, )

vacana( ) . kipram

adhyeymahe( ).32)

32) asym ity eva/ kipra-vacana upapade asy

gamyamny dhto pratyayo bhavati/ bhtavac ca ity asya

ayam apavda/ updhyya cet kipram gamiyati, kipra

vykaraam adhyeymahe/ vacana-grahaa paryya-artham/

kipram, ghram, u, tvaritam, adhyeymahe/ na iti vaktavye

-grahaa luo 'pi viaye yath syt/ va kipram

adhyeyamahe//Vrtti., 3.3.133//

(lu) 6 9

3.4.2. (P., 3.3.135)

(la)

. ,

.

,

.

(adhyait, ) (adhypipat) .

(adhyet) (adhypayiyati)

.

(dhatta, ayajata, adatta, )

(dhita, ayaa, adita) .

(dht, ya, dt) (dhsyate, yakyate, dsyate)

.

1)

(kriy-prabandha) [] (sm

pya) [ ] (anadyatana)

[] .

(na anadyatanavat kriy-prabandha-smpyayo//)

2)

[] [ ]

[]

.

(anadyatanavat pratyaya-vidhir na bhavati kriy-prabandhe smpye

ca gamyamne//)

7 0 27

3)

. []

. [], [] [

] []

.

(statyena anuhna) .

(tuyajtyena avyavadhna)

. [ .] yvaj jva bham annam

adt( . ), bham

anna dsyati( . ), yvaj jva

putrn adhypipat( .

), yvaj jvam adhypayiyati( .

). . yeya paura-msy atikrnt,

etasym updhyyo 'gnndhita, somenyaa, gm adita(

, , . )

yeyam amvsygmin, etasym updhyyo 'gnndhsyate, somena

yakyate, sa g dsyate( ,

, . ) [ena avyava

[ ] [] (na anadyatana)]

[ ]

.33)

33) bhtnadyatane bhaviyadanadyatane ca la-luau vihitau, au r

aya pratieca vi anadyatanavat pratyaya-vidhir na bhavati

kriy-prabandhe smpye ca gamyamne/ kriy atane ca

statyennuhnam/ kln a-lua tulyajtyenvyavadhnam/

yvaj jva bham annam adt/ bham anna dsyati/ yvaj jva

putrn adhypipat/ yvaj jvam adhypayiyati/ smpye ka lv api

yeya paura-msy atikrnt, etasym updhyyo 'gnndhita,

somenyaa, gm adita/ yeyam amvsygmin, etasym updhyyo

'gnndhsyate, somena yakyate, sa g dsyate/ dvau pratieca

u yath prptasya abhyanujpanya//Vrtti., 3.3.135//

(lu) 7 1

3.4.3. (avara) 34)

(P., 3.3.136)

, , (avara)

,

.

bhoktsmahe(

), ptsma( )

(bhokymahe, psyma) .

.

adhyaimahi( ), abhujmahi

( ), apibma( ) .

,

, (avara)

.

, avara ,

,

(adhyaimahi, abhujmahi, apibma) .

,

avara , ,

niravadhika( , , )

34) avara() para() ,

. avara

,

. para

,

.

7 2 27

, (bhoktsmahe, ptsma)

.

,

, avara para() ,

(bhoktsmahe, ptsma) . P.,

3.1.138 para

.

1)

(avara)

[.]

(bhaviyati maryd-vacane 'varasmin//)

2)

[

]() .

(bhaviyati kle maryd-vacane 'varasmin pravibhge 'nadyatan

avat pratyaya-vidhir na bhavati//)

3)

[ ] []

(na anadyatana) [] . []

, []

.

[

] . yo 'yam adhv gantavya -pa

liputrt, tasya yad avara kaumby, tatra dvir-odana bhoky

mahe, tatra saktn psyma( ,

[] []

. (saktu) ). [

] ? [ .] yo 'yam adhv gata -

(lu) 7 3

paliputrt, tasya yad avara kaumby, tatra yukt adhyaimahi,

tatra dvir-odanam abhujmahi, tatra saktn apibma(

, []

, [] ,

). [

] ? [ .] yo 'yam adhv niravadhiko

gantavya, tasya yad avara kaumby, tatra dvir-odana bhokt

smahe, saktn ptsma( ,

, []

. ). [

] ? [ .] yo 'yam adhv gantavya

-paliputrt, tasya yat param kaumby, tatra dvir-odana bho

ktsmahe, tatra saktn ptsma(

, [

] . ).

.

. [] .35)

35) nnadyatanavat iti vartate/ akriya-prabandha-artham, asmpyrtha

ca vacanam/ bhaviyati kle maryd-vacane saty avarasmin

pravibhge 'nadyatanavat pratyaya-vidhir na bhavati/ yo 'yam adhv

gantavya -paliputrt, tasya yad avara kaumby, tatra

dvir-odana bhokymahe, tatra saktn psyma/ bhaviyati iti kim/

yo 'yama dhv gata -paliputrt, tasya yad avara kaumby,

tatra yukt adhyaimahi, tatra dvir-odanam abhujmahi, tatra saktn

apibma/ maryd-vacane iti kim/ yo 'yam adhv niravadhiko

gantavya, tasya yad avara kaumby, tatra dvir-odana

bhoktsmahe, saktn ptsma/ avarasmin iti kim/ yo 'yam adhv

gantavya -paliputrt, tasya yat param kaumby, tatra

dvir-odana bhoktsmahe, tatra saktn ptsma/ iha stre dea-kt

maryd, uttaratra kla-kt/ tatra ca viea vakyati//Vrtti.,

3.3.136//

7 4 27

3.4.4. (P.,

3.3.137)

3.3.137 138

.

,

(avara)

. ,

[] agrahyaa

(adhetsmahe, bhoktsmahe) (adhyeymahe,

bhokymahe) .

.

1)

(aho) (rtra) , (kla-

vibhga) [ .]

(kla-vihbhge ca an-aho-rtrm//)

2)

, [ ]

[] ,

[ ]()

.

(kla-maryd-vibhge saty avarsmin pravibhge bhaviyati kle

'nadyatanavat pratyaya-vidhir na bhavati, na ced aho- rtra-samba

ndh vibhgas te ca vibhge pratiedha//)

3)

[] [] .

(lu) 7 5

, [ ]

[] ,

[ ] .

[ ]

. (yoga-

vibhga) . yo 'ya savatsara gm, ta

tra yad avaram grahyay, tatra yukt adhyeymahe, tatraudan

a bhokymahe( , [] agrahyaa(

), .

). [] . [

.] yo 'ya vatsaro 'tta, tasya yad avaram grahyay, tatra

yukt adhyaimahi, tatraudanam abhujamahi( ,

agrahyaa .

). , . [

.] yo 'ya niravadhika kla gm, tasya yad avaram

grahyay, tatra yukt adhyetsmahe, tatraudana bhoktsmahe

( , agrahyaa,

. ).

. (para) [ ]

. ? . yo

'ya msa gm, tasya yo 'vara paca-daa-rtra(

, 15 ), [] yo 'ya triad-rtra gm, tasya

yo 'varo 'rdha-msa( 30 , [

]), [] yo 'ya triad-aho-rtra gm, tasya yo 'vara

paca-daa-rtra, tatra yukt adhyetsamahe, tatra saktn ptsma

( 30 , 15 ,

. ). [ ]

[

] .36)

36) bhaviyati maryd-vacane 'varasmin iti vartate/

kla-maryd-vibhge saty avarsmin pravibhge bhaviyati kle

'nadyatanavat pratyaya-vidhir na bhavati, na ced

aho-rtra-sambandh vibhga, tais te ca vibhge pratiedha/

prveaiva siddhe vacanam idam aho-rtra-niedha-artham/

7 6 27

3.5. (P., 3.1.138)

,

(para) .

.

, , ,

.

.

1)

(para) [ ]

. (parasmin vibh//)

2)

, [ ]

[] ,

[ ]()

.

yoga-vibhga uttarrtha/ yo 'ya savatsara gm, tatra yad

avaram grahyay, tatra yukt adhyeymahe, tatraudana

bhokymahe/ bhaviyati ity eva/ yo 'ya vatsaro 'tta, tasya yad

avaram grahyay, tatra yukt adhyaimahi, tatraudanam

abhujamahi/ mary-dvacane ity eva/ yo 'ya niravadhika kla

gm, tasya yad avaram grahyay, tatra yukt adhyetsmahe,

tatraudana bhoktsmahe/ avarasmin ity eva/ parasmin vibh

vakyati/ aho-rtrm iti kim/ trividham udharaam/ yo 'ya msa

gm, tasya yo 'vara paca-daa-rtra, yo 'ya triad-rtra

gm, tasya yo 'varo 'rdha-msa, yo 'ya triad-aho-rtra

gm, tasya yo 'vara pacadaa-rtra, tatra yukt adhyetsamahe,

tatra saktn ptsma/ sarvath aho-rtra-spare pratiedha//Vrtti.,

3.3.137//

(lu) 7 7

(kla-maryd-vibhge sati bhaviyati kle parasmin pravibhge

vibh anadyatanavat pratiya-vidhir na bhavati, na ced aho-rtra-

sambandh pravibhga//)

3)

[ ] , ,

. , [ ]

[] [] ,

[ ]()

.

. [

] . [

] . yo 'ya savatsara gm, tasya

yat param grahyay tatra yukt adhyeymahe( adhyetsmahe),

tatra saktn psyma( tatra saktn ptsma)( ,

agrahyaa, .

).

. [ .] yo 'ya triad-rtra gm, tasya

ya para pacadaa-rtra, tatra yukt adhyetsmahe, tatra saktn

ptsma( 30 , 15 ,

.

). . [ .] yo 'ya savatsaro

'tta, tasya yat param grahyay, tatra yukt adhyaimahi, tatrau

danam abhujmahi( , agrahyaa,

, ).

. [ .]

yo 'ya savatsaro niravadhika kla agm, tasya yat param

grahyay, tatra yukt adhyetsmahe, tatra saktn ptsma(

, agrahyaa,

.

). . [ .] yo 'yam adhv

gantavya -paliputrt, tasya yat para kaumby, tatra yukt

adhyetsmahe, odana bhoktsmahe(

7 8 27

,

, ).

[ ]

.37)

.

4.1.

.

prtar(), vas( ), prabhte(, ), a-

man(6 ) .38) ,

37) bhaviyati maryd-vacane kla-vibhge ca an-aho-rtrm iti

sarvam anuvartate/ kla-maryd-vibhge sati bhaviyati kle

parasmin pravibhge vibh anadyatanavat pratyaya-vidhir na

bhavati, na ced aho-rtra-sambandh pravibhga/ avarasmin varja

prvam anuvartate/ avarasmin prvea pratiedha ukta, samprati

parasminn aprpta eva vikalpa ucyate/ yo 'ya savatsarpta eva

vikalpa t param grahyay tatra yukt adhyeymahe,

adhyetsmahe, tatra saktn psyma, tatra saktn ptsma/

an-aho-rtrm ity eva/amprati parasminn aprpta eva vikalpa

ucyate/ yo 'ya savatsarpta eva vikalpa t param grahyay

tatra yukt/ bhaviyati ity eva/amprati pminn aprpta eva vikalpa

ucyate/ yo 'ya savatsarpta eva vikalpa t param grahyay

tatra y/ maryd-vacane ity eva/amprati pminn aprptaryd-vacane

ity eva/amprati pminn aprptaryd-vacane ity eva/amprati pminn

aprptaryd-vacane ity / kla-vibhge ity eva/ yo 'yam adhv

gantavya -paliputrt, tasya yat para kaumby, tatra yukt

adhyetsmahe, odana bhoktsmahe/ iti sarvatra anadyatanavat

pratyay udhry//Vrtti., 3.3.138//

(lu) 7 9

a-msn(6

) (ayit)

ekham( ) (jgariyati) .

ayit hy ea a-msn ekha jgariyati(R., 6.61.28):

6 , .

.

sudhanvna ca m caiva prtar drasi sagatau(Mhbh., 5.35.

9): .

iha rma prabhte vo bhaviteti matir mama(Mhbh., 5.175.13):

.

vas tu gantsi ta dea vasdya saha mantribhi(R., 2.90.23):

(citraka) . [

] .

yauvarjye niyoktsmi prta purua-pugavam(R., 2.2.12):

.

vo nihantsmi rma lokasya payata(R., 6.93.5):

[] .

4.2. ( ) (

)

. ()

, ()

.

38) Meenakshi(1983) p. 169.

8 0 27

.

, na bubhat

.

iyasyiyavttes tu na kantavya bubhat(Mhbh., 1.79. 9):

.

upetsth

.

khalu nv aha vaivnara vedbhydhatta samidha upetstheti

(B., 10.6.1.3): .

. [] .

.

nakir asya sahantya paryet kayasya cit, vjo asti ravyya(v.,

1.27.8):

. .

sa gant gomati vraje(v., 1.86.3):

.

tva soma tankdbhyo dveobhyo 'nyaktebhya uru yantsi(B.,

3.6.3.7): ! []

.

abhisasra didkitra(B., 12.8.3.7):

.

agni e pda vakt(Ch. Up., 4.6.1): []

.

eteunmlitra kapiketanena(Kirtrjunya, 3.22):

.39)

(lu) 8 1

khinna khinna ikhariu pada nyasya gantsi yatra (Meghadhta,

1.13):

[] .

4.3. ( )

.

, anuvaktsmi

.

smidhenr ancya bryd udayanya evto 'nuvaktsmti(B., 9.

4.4.16): [ ]

[] (udayanya)

. [ ] .

. ,

gopt yotsye

.

aham eva dhanupir gopt samaramrdhani, yvat prn

dharymi tvad yotsye nicarai(R., 1.20.5):

. ,

.

. ,

39) pte(1984) p. 146 .

8 2 27

()

.

hantsmi tv sahmtya saputra-jti-bndhavam, nirudvigns

trayo lok bhaviyanti hate tvayi(R., 6.41.79): ,

, , . []

.

.

ea vai yajmnasya loka etsmi(Ch. Up., 2.24.5): !

.

suyodhanam ima ppa hantsmi gaday yudhi(Mhbh., 2.68.28):

[] .

dusanasya rudhira ptsmi mgar iva(Mhbh., 2.68.29):

.

yauvarjyena yoktsmi prta purua-pugavam(R., 2.2.12):

(Rma) .

ki krya brta bhavat bhaya nayitsmi va(R., 7. 61.1):

. ?

.

any sahito gatv yoddh 'ha tair nicarai(R., 1.20.3):

.

4.4. ()

,

. ,

(bhavit gantsmi)

. ,

(lu) 8 3

.

yarhi vva vo mayrtho bhavit tarhy eva vo 'ham punar gant

smti(Aitareya Brhmaa, 1.27.1):

, .

(bhavit)

(vakyati) .

so 'syayadi vakyati, tasypi bhavit mtyu(Kathsaritsgara,

28.131): , .

. ,

(pravaktsi) (vimokyase)

.

yad tasmai kathm im, pupadanta pravaktsi tad pd

vimokyase(Kathsaritsgara, 1.60): ()!

, .

.40)

.

ata ced anyath kart dhrtarro 'nupyavit anta nna kari

ymi katriy janrdana(Mhbh., 5.81.53):

,

. !

a-rkasam ima loka kartsmi niitai arai na cec charaam

abhyei tm dya tu maithil(R., 6.41.67): (

40) Speijer, J.S.(2006) p. 260( 341*) .

8 4 27

) [] , [] ,

.

yad dra bhmasena rathastha gadhasta krodha- via

vamanta durmaraa pava bhmavega tad yuddha

dhrtarro 'nvatapsyat(Mhbh., 5.47.14): ,

, , []

, (Duryodhana) [

] .

4.5. .

. ,

kad() vad()

(vdayit) .

aya tu komalgrabhis tantrr agulibhi span, kad vdayit

v veda-vedga-praga(Bhatkathaslokasamgraha, 17. 135):

(lute) ?

.

ko hant lavaa vr kasya sa vidhyatm(R., 7.62.8):

! ?

.

na jne ytras tava ripava kena ca path(Bhojarjakavivarga, 55):

. ?

(lu) 8 5

.

,

.

,

.

,

.

, .

,

. . P.,

3.3.15 (anadyatana)

, P., 3.1.135

.

.

(kriy-prabandha) (smpya)

.

,

.

.

,

.

.

,

8 6 27

. 10

.

, .

.

vas()

.

P.,

3.3.133

.

.

,

.

, ,

.

.

. ,

.

,

. ,

. ,

.

, .

,

.

(lu) 8 7

. . ,

. ,

.

Ch. Up. Chndogya Upanad

Mhbh. Mahbhrata

P. Adhyy

R. Rmyaa

v. g Veda

B. atapatha Brhmaa

pte, V.S.(1984). Sanskrit Composition(the student's guide to),

24th ed., Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office.

Bevasthali, G.V.(1967). Anubandhas of Pini, Poona, University of

Poona.

Gune, J.A.(1978). The meaning of Tenses and Moods, Pune, M. S.

Latkar at SMS Letter Press.

Kale. M.R.(1993). The Meghadta of Klidsa, Delhi, Motilal

Banarsidass Publishers.

Katre. S.M.

8 8 27

1967 Dictonary of Pini, Poona, Deccan College.

1989 Adhyy of Pini, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass.

Macdonell, A.A.(2007). Vedic Grammar, Delhi, Munshiram

Manoharlal Publishers.

Meenakshi, K.(1983). Epic Syntax, Delhi, Meharchand

Lachhmandas.

Robert, P.G. & Sally, J.S.G.(1987). Devavpraveik : an

introduction to the Sanskrit language, Berkeley,

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Speijer, J.S.(2006). Sanskrit syntax, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass

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Sukthankar & Belvalkar, ed.,(1937-1964). Mahbhrata-Sahit,

Vol.1-13, Poona.

Vlmki(2004). Rmyaa, Arya, R.P., Ed., Delhi, Parimal

Publications.

Vmana & Jayditya(1969-). Kika: A commentary on Pini's

grammar, Sharma, A. & Deshpande, K. & Padhye, D.G.,

ed., Hyderabad, Osmania University, Sanskrit Academy.

Vasu, .Ch., ed. & trans.(1988). The Ashdhyy of Pini, Delhi,

Motilal Banarsidass.

Whitney, W.D.(2005). Sanskrit Grammar, 5th ed., Delhi, Motilal

Banarasidass.

(2005). , , .

(lu) 8 9

Abstract

The Use of the Periphrastic Future(lu):

According to Adhyy

Park, Moon Seong

(The Catholic University of Korea)

Sanskrit has several ways of expressing future time.

The simplest, which may be used to indicate immediate

future, is simply to use the present indicative(la). On the

other hand, for more general expression of future time,

Sanskrit has two distinct verbal conjugation, namely the

periphrastic future(lu) and the simple future().

The periphrastic future is far less frequently used. It is

used to express something that is going to happen not

to-day(anadyatana-bhaviyat-kle arthe). It denotes action

that will take place at some more or less definite time or

occasion in the future, but not of to-day.

On the other hand, the simple future is used to express

something that is going to happen in general future

time(smnya-bhaviyat-kale arthe). It denotes generally

uninterrupted action(kriy-prabandha), indefinite future

time, and proximity time(smpya-kale arthe) that of the

speaker.

As the term smnya(general) is meant, the simple

future could be used to denote any indefinite future action.

So it is used more frequently than others. In the most of

time, a reader meets the simple future in sanskrit sentences.

While the periphrastic future use begins in Veda, and it

grows in the common in Brhmaas and Epics, but it is

9 0 27

nowhere nearly so frequent as the simple future. And then

it is so difficult that quotes from classical sanskrit.

But as it could be understood in directions of

Adhyy and various quotable examples from Veda,

Brhmaas, and Epics, the periphrastic future was used to

as the proper role in the sentence. So a reader could infer

from the sentence that the speaker's standpoint on the

future action, as below.

Firstly, there is a gap between the time-point of a

speaker's utterance and the action expressed by the

periphrastic future.

Secondly, there is a high possibility thatthe action,

which is expressed by the periphrastic future, can be

realized.

Thirdly, if the speaker and the subject are the same

person, in many cases, it indicates a strong will that the

speaker will do the action expressed by the periphrastic

future. Hence when a speaker swears to do an action,

periphrastic future is employed.

Key words : the periphrastic future(lu), the simple future(),

today(adyatana), tomorrow(vas), future, boundary.

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