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Eurpska nia: Histria, Intitcie a Fungovanie

Vydanie: verejn

Autori: Step4All Konzorcium

Dtum: 04/03/2014

Dok. Ref. N: STEP4ALL Krtky manul 1

Leonardo Da Vinci

2012-1-IT1-LEO04-02901 1

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COPYRIGHT Copyright 2013, STEP4All Konzorcium

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Tento dokument sa me zmeni bez predchdzajceho upozornenia.

HISTRIA DOKUMENTU Verzia Dtum Poznmka

01 04/02/2014 Interim

02 04/03/2014 Final

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Obsah 1 vod .................................................................................................................... 5 2 Strun histria E.............................................................................................. 7 3 Hlavn intitcie E .......................................................................................... 11

3.1 Eurpsky parlament ..................................................................................... 11 3.2 Eurpska komisia ........................................................................................ 12 3.3 Eurpska rada ............................................................................................. 13 3.4 Rada Eurpskej nie ................................................................................... 14 3.5 Ostatn intitcie E ................................................................................... 15

4 truktra Eurpskej komisie .............................................................................. 17 4.1 Eurpska komisia ........................................................................................ 17 4.2 o rob Eurpska komisia? ......................................................................... 17 4.3 loha Eurpskej komisie ............................................................................. 17 4.4 truktra Eurpskej komisie ........................................................................ 18 4.5 Vkonn agentra pre vzdelvanie, audiovizulnu oblas a kultru ............ 19

5 Stratgia Eurpa 2020 stratgia 10 rokov rastu ............................................. 22 5.1. Priority .................................................... Chyba! Zloka nie je definovan. 5.2. Ciele ....................................................... Chyba! Zloka nie je definovan. 5.3. Hlavn iniciatvy...................................... Chyba! Zloka nie je definovan. 5.4. Ostatn nstroje pre rast a zamestnanosChyba! Zloka nie je definovan.

6 Prvne dokumenty (akty) E ............................................................................ 28 6.1 Nariadenie ................................................................................................... 28 6.2 Smernica ..................................................................................................... 28 6.3 Rozhodnutie ................................................................................................ 28 6.4 Odporanie ................................................................................................ 28 6.5 Stanovisko ................................................................................................... 28

7 Politick a strategick dokumenty ..................................................................... 30 7.1 Zelen kniha ................................................................................................ 30 7.2 Biela kniha ................................................................................................... 30

8 Bibliografia ......................................................................................................... 32 9 Vkladov slovnk .............................................................................................. 35

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vod

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1 vod

Oficilne internetov strnky Eurpskej nie obsahuj veobecn popisy o fungovan Eurpskej nie, aplikovanho prva, ako aj politiky E. Avak, pochopenie vzahov a sladov medzi plnmi, opatreniami, zmluvami a orgnmi nie je ahk, a to aj pre eurpskeho obana. Hlavnm cieom tohto dokumentu je poskytn veobecn prehad o najdleitejch tmach tkajcich sa minulosti, prtomnosti a budcnosti integrcie, vrtane strunej histrie E spolu so zsadnmi prvnymi aktmi a politickmi a strategickmi dokumentmi. Sprievodca predstavuje tie hlavn intitcie E, potrebn najm na prevdzku Eurpskej komisie, rastov stratgiu desaronej E a nastavenie zistench priort, cieov a hlavnch iniciatv. S cieom napomc pochopeniu textu, prruka je podporovan slovnkom, ktor obsahuje krtke defincie bene pouvanch termnov z terminolgie E. Na dosiahnutie uvedench cieov, odbornci z projektovho tmu STEP4All vybrali najdleitejie informcie, ktor s nevyhnutn pre sebavedom orientciu v celom svete E. Zrove tento manul poskytuje zklad pre druh a tret manul, v ktorch sa predstavuj hlavn programy riaden Eurpskou komisiou a nvody a metdy riadenia projektov zahajc proces vytvrania projektov od prvch krokov a k ukoneniu projektu. Preto, v slade s opatreniami osvety E, tto prruka me by povaovan za prv krok k ceste, ktor vedie itatea, aby mohol pripravova a spravova svoje vlastn projekty.

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Strun histria E

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2 Strun histria E 1945 1959 Mierov Eurpa zaiatok spoluprce

1949: Po druhej svetovej vojne niektor zpadoeurpske krajiny vytvorili Radu Eurpy. Robert Schuman (franczsky minister zahraninch vec) predstavuje Schumanov pln (Schumanova deklarcia) na prehbenie priemyslu v oblasti uhlia a ocele v Eurpe Spolon trh s uhlm a oceou (r. 1951: Zmluva o zaloen Eurpskeho spoloenstva uhlia a ocele, Par). Zmluva bola podpsan v rmci spolonho riadenia. Tto zmluva zabezpeovala, e es zastnench krajn neme zaa vyrba zbrane, aby ich obrtili proti sebe. Zakladajcimi lenskmi ttmi boli: Nemecko, Franczsko, Taliansko, Holandsko, Belgicko a Luxembursko. .

1957: Zmluva o zaloen Eurpskeho spoloenstva uhlia a ocele je spen a v Rme je podpsan alia dohoda - Zmluva o zaloen Eurpskeho hospodrskeho spoloenstva (EHS), (the European Economic Community (EEC)).

Zmluva o EHS vytvorila znu vonho obchodu, neskr to bola forma colnej nie.

1960 - 1969 The Swinging Sixties obdobie ekonomickho rastu

1962: zana spolon ponohospodrska politika, ktor umouje farmrom zska finann podporu na svoju produkciu .

Toto vytvralo vek ekonomick rast a taktie nadprodukciu potravn.

1968: Coln nia - es zapojench krajn navzjom ru cl na dovan potraviny.

V krajinch EHS platil voi inm krajinm jednotn coln sadzobnk.

1970 - 1979 Rastce spoloenstvo prv rozrenie

1973: Dnsko, Vek Britnia a rsko sa pripjaj k Eurpskemu spoloenstvu (ES).

1974: Vytvoren je Eurpsky fond regionlneho rozvoja (EFRR), aby vyrovnval rozdiely medzi reginmi. Prvkrt ukotven ako intitcia E.

EFRR me by naprklad pouit na investcie do infratruktry, na vytvranie pracovnch miest ap.

1979: Prv voby do Eurpskeho parlamentu, priame voby zstupcov obanmi.

Zaveden je jednotn Eurpsky menov systm a bola vytvoren spolon menov jednotka (ECU), ktor bola uren vhradne na bezhotovostn platobn styk medzi lenskmi krajinami, okrem Vekej Britnie.

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1980 - 1989 Zmena tvre Eurpy pd Berlnskeho mra (Berlin Wall)

Grcko sa po pde autoritrskeho reimu stva 10 lenom E v 1981. panielsko a Portugalsko ho nasleduj o 5 rokov neskr. V 1986 bol podpsan Jednotn Eurpsky akt. Tto zmluva poskytla zklad pre rozsiahly esron program, ktor bol navrhnut tak, aby rieil problm vonho obchodu cez hranice E a tak vytvoril Jednotn trh. Vek politick nepokoje 9. novembra 1989, ke padol Berlnsky mr a otvorili sa hranice medzi Vchodnm a Zpadnm Nemeckom, viedli k zjednoteniu Nemecka v oktbri 1990.

1990 - 1999 Eurpa bez hranc

Po pde komunizmu v celej strednej a vchodnej Eurpe sa Eurpania stali blimi susedmi. V roku 1993 bol dokonen jednotn trh so "tyrmi slobodami" - pohybu tovaru, sluieb, ud a peaz. Bolo to tie desaroie dvoch zmlv, Maastrichtskej zmluvy v roku 1993, ktor dokonila budovanie Jednotnho trhu a troch pilierov E, a Amsterdamskej zmluvy v roku 1999, ktor zaviedla zmeny v truktre rozhodovacch a administratvnych mechanizmov. udia mali obavy o to, ako chrni ivotn prostredie, a tie, ako sa chova spolone, pokia ide o bezpenostn a obrann otzky. V 1995 sa k E pripojili traja al nov lenovia Raksko, Fnsko a vdsko. Mal dedinka v Luxembursku dala meno alej Schengenskej dohode, ktor umoovala uom cestova bez hraninch, pasovch a colnch kontrol.

2000 2009 alie rozirovanie

Mena EURO je novou menou pre vek poet Eurpanov. 11 september 2001 sa stal synonymom Vojny proti terorizmu po leteckom toku na budovy v mestch New York a Washington. Krajiny E zaali viac spolupracova v boji proti kriminalite a monmu terorizmu. Politick rozdiely medzi vchodnou a zpadnou Eurpou boli nakoniec vyhlsen za uzdraven, ke do E v roku 2004 vstpilo 10 novch krajn, ktor nasledovali alie dve v roku 2007. Finann krza, ktor postihla globlnu ekonomiku v septembri 2008, viedla k uej ekonomickej spoluprci medzi krajinami Eurpskej nie. Lisabonsk zmluva bola ratifikovan vetkmi krajinami E pred vstupom jej platnosti 1. decembra 2009. T posilnila E vo viacerch oblastiach: v oblasti posilnenej demokracie, efektvnosti, hodnotovho rmca (dodriavanie prv, hodnt, ako s sloboda, solidarita a bezpenos) a v oblasti posilovania pozcie E ako vznamnho a repektovanho aktra medzinrodnej politiky jednotn vystupovanie a schopnos presadzova svoje zujmy.

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2010 po sasnos Dekda prleitost a vziev

Nielen, e nov dekda zaala s akou hospodrskou krzou, ale aj s ndejou, e investcie do novch zelench a ivotnmu prostrediu etrnch technolgi a uia eurpska spoluprca prines trval rast a blahobyt.

Website: http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/

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Hlavn intitcie E

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3 Hlavn intitcie E 3.1 Eurpsky parlamment Eurpsky parlament je jedinm priamo volenm orgnom E a jednm z najvch demokratickch zhromaden na svete. Jeho lenovia, poslanci (skrtene asto ako MEP Members of the European Parliament) reprezentuj, zastupuj obanov Eurpskej nie. S volen kadch p rokov volimi z lenskch ttoch E. Eurpsky parlament stle zskaval moc poas poslednch desaro od nadobudnutia platnosti Lisabonskej zmluvy, ktor definovala jeho lohu spoluzkonodarcu pre takmer vetky prvne predpisy E. Ako vetky nrodn parlamenty aj Eurpsky parlament m vbory (pre ponohospodrstvo, ekonomick veci, ivotn prostredie, zahranin veci at.), nrodn delegcie pre vzahy so vetkmi tretmi krajinami a priene k predchdzajcim dvom orgnom m politick skupiny. Jedn sa o eurpske politick skupiny, na ktor sa kad nrodn politick strana odkazuje a rozhodne sa patri do niektorej z nich. Plenrne zasadnutie je veden predsedom Eurpskeho parlamentu a 14 podpredsedami, priom kad z nich je zodpovedn za konkrtnu zleitos v voblasti kompetencie a fungovania Eurpskeho parlamentu. Predseda, volen na striedavom princpe politickmi skupinami kad 2 a pol roka, dohliada na cel innos Parlamentu a jeho orgnov (rad a Konferencia vedcich politickch skupn). Kad rok sa kon 12 plenrnych zasadnut v trasburgu a viac ako 6 v Bruseli (dve sdla Parlamentu plus administratvny rad v Luxemburgu).

Hlavn moc Eurpskeho parlamentu je v nasledujcom: Legislatvna moc: Parlament rovnakou mierou zdiea tto moc s Radou ministrov E pre viac ako dve tretiny E od legislatvy cez spolurozhodovacie procedry. Zana to diskusiou na psomn legislatvny nvrh poskytnut Eurpskou komisiou. Kompetentn vbor diskutuje a pozmeuje ho, potom je hlasovanie na plenrnej schdzi a Rada bu d svoj shlas na nvrh ako ho Parlament upravil, alebo ho odmietne, m

otvor druh tanie. Parlament v niektorch obmedzench prpadoch m prvo na shlas so zreteom na rozhodnutie Rady (no, alebo nie) alebo konzultcie (nezvzn nzory). Politick moc: Ako vyjadrenie eurpskych obanov a jedin priamo volen orgn, m vemi vysok politick vplyv. V jeho sprvach, odporaniach a otzkach zameranch na rznych aktrov E poslanci ovplyvuj naprklad v oblasti udskch prv Komisiu a Radu, aby prijala opatrenia. Parlament taktie predklad sprvy z vlastnej iniciatvy, ktor mu vyzva Komisiu, aby prijala pokroky v legislatve v rznych konkrtnych oblastiach alebo iniciatvu priamo na konkrtnu vzvu, ako by mala by v nvrhoch prvnych predpisov.

The EP Strasbourg Plenary

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Rozpotov moc: Eurpsky parlament je, spolu s Radou Eurpy, zodpovedn za zostavenie ronho rozpotu E. E si kladie za cie stanovi dlhodob finann rozpotovanie, ktor udva maximlnu rove vdavkov pre viac ako sedemron peridu. (Viacron finann rmec Multiannual financial framework). iadnu dohodu o tchto finannch vhadoch nemono dosiahnu bez shlasu Parlamentu, ktor uruje maximlnu alokciu na jednotliv rozpotov poloky a identifikuje prioritn politiky. Parlament je zodpovedn za monitoring vdavkov E na pravidelnom zklade a rozhoduje, bu i udeli absolutrium (alebo zrui ty) pre vetky intitcie E pri erpan rozpotu. Website: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/aboutparliament/en/00b3f21266/At-your-service.html

3.2 Eurpska komisia Sdlo Eurpskej komisie (EK) je v Bruseli. EK m rady v Luxemburgu, reprezentcie (zastpenia) vo vetkch E krajinch a delegcie EK v mnohch hlavnch mestch po celom svete. EK pozostva z 28 lenov Komisie, neformlne nazvanch komisri, jeden z kadej lenskej krajiny . Predseda Komisie je nominovan spolonou dohodou vld lenskch ttov po konzultcich s Eurpskym parlamentom. Akonhle bol predseda nominovan, vldy lenskch ttov navrhn komisra. Potom Eurpsky

parlament mus bu prija alebo odmietnu kad nvrh na komisra. Komisri (a samozrejme aj predseda EK) s prijman na obdobie 5 rokov. Kad komisr, komisrka je zodpovedn za urit oblas (kultra, doprava, ivotn prostredie, at.). Kad komisr je lenom kolgia, ktor zasad aspo raz tdenne v Bruseli. Kolgium prijma kolektvne rozhodnutia vo veciach. Personlne je Komisia organizovan do pecializovanch odborov, ktor s znme ako generlne riaditestv (GR, Directorates General DG) a na tvary (napr. prvny servis, prekladatesk servis ap.) . Vo veden kadho odboru je generlny riadite, ktor sa zodpoved komisrovi. Pod riadenie a zodpovednos EK patr aj mnostvo vkonnch agentr, ktor s umiestnen naprie niou a zabezpeuj pecilne, konkrtne sluby (pozri alej). Eurpska komisia je asto oznaovan, ako vlda E, resp. je to vkonn a technick orgn, autorita, Eurpskej nie. Jej hlavn, nie vak vetky, kompetencie s: Legislatvne nvrhy: Eurpska komisia navrhuje legislatvu. Komisia m vhradn prvo navrhova nov eurpsku legislatvu (zaloen samozrejme na politickch vhadoch a zistench socilnych potrebch, poiadavkch). Legislatvne nvrhy s potom predkladan Eurpskemu parlamentu a Eurpskej rade na schvlenie.

Presadzovanie Eurpskeho prva: EK ru za to, e legislatva E je prenesen, aplikovan vetkmi lenskmi krajinami E. Spolu so Sdnym dvorom zodpoved a

Berlaymont building, the main EU Commission seat

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zabezpeuje riadne uplatovanie prva E vo vetkch lenskch ttoch. EK podnik kroky v prpade, e niektor krajina si nepln svoje legislatvne zvzky. Iniciuje prvny proces konanie vo veci poruenia prvnych predpisov s cieom npravy neiaduceho stavu(infringement procedure). V prpade, ak zo strany lenskho ttu nenastane nprava, EK postpi problm Sdnemu dvoru, ktor me udeova sankcie.

Implementcia politk E a rozpoet E: EK je zodpovedn za implementciu a riadenie rozpotu E a grantovch a podpornch programov E schvlench Eurpskym parlamentom a Eurpskou radou. Z tohto pohadu EK poskytuje priamu finann podporu formou grantov na podporu rozvoja schvlench E programov / politk alebo podporuje projekty / organizcie, ktor s v zujme E. Granty a fondy s poskytovan priamo generlnymi riaditestvami Komisie, ktor s priamo zodpovedn za konkrtnu politiku a fond, ktor s poskytnut DG Komisie.

Medzinrodn loha: EK zastupuje E na medzinrodnej scne vtane obchodnch rokovan a kooperanch dohd s nelenskmi krajinami. Vznamn lohu v medzinrodnch vzahoch m Vysok predstavite nie pre zahranin veci a bezpenostn politiku, ktor je podpredsedom Komisie a zodpoved za vonkajie vzahy. zko spolupracuje s Radou. V nasledujcich oblastiach m Komisia rozhodujcu lohu: obchodn politika a humanitrna pomoc (ECHO DG EK pre humanitrnu pomoc a a civiln ochranu). Website: http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm

3.3 Eurpska rada Eurpska rada uruje hlavn politick smerovanie a priority definovan nariadenm veobecnch politk a priort E v duchu nrodnch vld. Nepodiea sa na legislatvnom procese. Je politickm orgnom E a pozostva z najvych predstaviteov jednotlivch lenskch ttov, z predsedu EK a predsedu Rady. Zasadnut Rady sa zastuje aj Vysok predstavite nie pre zahranin veci a bezpenostn politiku. Ak nie je v Zmluvch stanoven inak, rozhodnutia Eurpskej rady sa bene prijmaj na zklade konsenzu (zhody). V niektorch prpadoch s rozhodnutia prijman jednomysene alebo kvalifikovanou vinou (voba predsedu Rady). Funkn obdobie predsedu trv 2 a pol roka a je obnoviten len raz. Rada zvyajne zasad v

Bruseli, v budove Justus Lipsius dvakrt za polrok. Radu zvolva jej predseda. Asistenciu poskytuje Generlny sekretarit Rady. Zasadnutiam Rady, znmym ako E samity, predsed predseda Rady.

Website:http://www.european-council.europa.eu/home-page?lang=en

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3.4 Rada Eurpskej nie Rada Eurpskej nie oznaovan aj ako Rada ministrov alebo Rada je zloen z ministrov lenskch ttov zodpovednch za urit oblas. Rada E je vznamnm rozhodovacm orgnom Eurpskej nie. Predstavitelia lenskch ttov na rovni Rady E zastupuj nrodn zujmy. Od nadobudnutia platnosti Lisabonskej zmluvy Rada E zasad v desiatich zloeniach (tzv. konfigurcich):

Rada pre veobecn zleitosti,

Rada pre zahranin veci,

Rada pre spravodlivos a vntorn veci,

Rada pre hospodrske a finann zleitosti,

Rada pre zamestnanos, socilnu politiku, zdravotnctvo a ochranu spotrebitea,

Rada pre konkurencieschopnos,

Rada pre dopravu, telekomunikcie a energetiku,

Rada pre ponohospodrstvo a rybolov,

Rada pre ivotn prostredie,

Rada pre vzdelvanie, mlde, kultru a port.

Zloenie a poty zasadnut Rady E sa menia v zvislosti od prerokovvanch tm. Naprklad ministri zahraninch vec lenskch ttov sa schdzaj pribline raz mesane na zasadnut Rady pre zahranin veci. Ministri hospodrstva a financi sa schdzaj raz mesane na zasadnut Rady E pre hospodrske a finann zleitosti, ktor m oznaenie Rada ECOFIN-u. Zasadnutia Rady E s veden lenskm ttom, ktor m Predsednctvo v Rade, ktor sa strieda kadch 6 mesiacov (okrem Rady pre zahranin veci).

Predsedncka krajina zodpoved za riadne fungovanie Rady E, organizovanie jej stretnut, zabezpeenie komunikcie s lenskmi ttmi a jednotlivmi intitciami E. Prcu Rady E pripravuje alebo koordinuje Vbor stlych predstaviteov (COREPER) zloen z vedcich stlych zastpen lenskch ttov pri E (COREPER II), ktor pracuj v Bruseli, resp. ich zstupcov (COREPER I). Prpravou prce tohto vboru sa zaoberaj pecilne vbory a pracovn skupiny. Vina zasadnut je v Bruseli, ale aj V Luxemburgu. Neformlne zasadania s tradine v predsednckej krajine.

Rada Eurpskej nie m tri zkladn funkcie: Legislatvna moc. Rada sa del s touto funkciou s Parlamentom. V mnohch prpadoch je Eurpske prvo zaloen na spolurozhodovacej procedre. To znamen, e Rada a Parlament spolone prijmaj nvrhy prvnych predpisov vydanch Komisiou. Koordincia ekonomickch politk lenskch ttov. Rada kadorone vypracuje usmernenia pre hospodrske politiky lenskch ttov. Tie s potom spracovan na zklade odporan a ich uplatovanie zo strany lenskch ttov je pod dohadom Rady. Moc schvaova rozpoet E. O tto moc sa del s Parlamentom. Parlament dohliada na vdavky E a tie prijma ron rozpoet pre E. Rada m posledn slovo, pokia ide o

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vdavky v hlavnch programoch financovania E, ktor s Eurpsky fond regionlneho rozvoja, Eurpsky socilny fond, kultrne a vzdelvacie programy, humanitrna pomoc a programy pre uteencov, at. Website: http://www.consilium.europa.eu/homepage.aspx?lang=en

3.5 Ostatn intitcie E Sdny dvor Eurpskej nie Sdny dvor E (The European Court of Justice (ECJ)) je najvym sdom v judikatre E. Jeho hlavnou lohou je vklad prva a zmlv E, a zabezpeenie ich rovnakho uplatovania vo vetkch lenskch ttoch E. Sd bol zaloen v r. 1952 a sdli v Luxemburgu. Sdny dvor m jednho sudcu z kadho ttu E (teda 28). Sdu napomha osem generlnych advoktov, ktorch lohou je predklada stanovisk vo veciach predloench Sdnemu dvoru. Sdny dvor E sa sklad z troch sdov: Sdneho dvora, Veobecnho sdu (od r. 1988) a Sdu pre verejn slubu (od r. 2004). Tieto tri sdne orgny vydali od zaiatku svojej innosti pribline 28 000 rozsudkov. Website: http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/ Eurpsky hospodrsky a socilny vbor Eurpsky hospodrsky a socilny vbor (The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC)) je poradn orgn E, zloen (353 lenov, SK m 9 lenov) zo zstupcov zamestnvateov, odborov, ponohospodrov, spotrebiteov a inch zujmovch skupn z celej Eurpy (hlas regionlnej a miestnej samosprvy). Vbor poskytuje Rade E, Komisii a Parlamentu bu na ich iados, alebo z vlastnej iniciatvy stanovisk k nvrhom prvnych aktov. Sdli v Bruseli. Website: http://www.eesc.europa.eu/?i=portal.en.home Vbor reginov Vbor reginov (The Committee of Regions (CoR)) je poradnm orgnom E zloenm z nominovanch zstupcov (344 lenov, SR m 9) regionlnej a miestnej samosprvy, ktor zskali volebn mandt (politick, geografick a regionlne rozdelenie). V prpade, e m prijman legislatva dopad na miestnu a regionlnu rove, Komisia a Rada s povinn ju konzultova s lenmi Vboru (zamestnanos, doprava, ivotn prostredie). Sdli taktie v Bruseli. Website: http://cor.europa.eu/en/Pages/home.aspx Eurpska centrlna banka Eurpska centrlna banka (The EU Central Bank (ECB)) je referennou menovou a finannou intitciou (riadi menov politiku) E. Hlavnou lohou je udriava kpnu silu eura. Zaloen bola v r. 1998 Amsterdamskou zmluvou. Nrodn centrlne banky lenskch ttov s jedin upisovatelia a dritelia kapitlu ECB. Na ele banky je prezident a orgnmi banky s Rada guvernrov, Vkonn rada a Generlna rada. Centrla ECB sdli v meste Frankfurt, v Nemecku. Website: http://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html

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truktra Eurpskej komisie

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4 truktra Eurpskej komisie

4.1 Eurpska komisia Eurpska komisia bola zriaden v pdesiatych rokoch na zklade zakladajcich zmlv E. Je vkonnm orgnom konajcim nezvisle na lenskch ttoch, pretoe jeho lohou je zastupova a brni zujmy E. Jej sdlom je Brusel, ale ponka niektor sluby v Luxembursku, rovnako ako m zastpenie vo vetkch lenskch ttoch E. (http://ec.europa.eu/about/index_pt.htm).

V sasnej dobe sa Komisia sklad z 28 komisrov, ktor s navrhovan lenskmi ttmi na 5 rokov, kad z nich predstavuje lensk tt, ale nie je reprezentantom ttu, ale Eurpskej nie ako celku. Komisiu schvauje Parlament a aj sa mu zodpoved a me ju aj odvola. Predsedom Komisie je Jos Manuel Barroso, ktorho mandt kon 31.oktbra 2014.

4.2 o rob Eurpska komisia? Po prv, Komisia je povaovan za strcu zmlv. Na jednej strane, pripravuje nvrhy novch eurpskych prvnych predpisov, ktor s prezentovan Eurpskemu parlamentu a Rade. Komisia vo Vboroch Parlamentu navrhuje, predklad, vysvetuje a obhajuje nvrhy prvnych aktov. Je tie zodpovedn za implementciu rozhodnut Parlamentu a Rady o zabezpeenie uplatovania politk, vykonvania programov, a za vyuitie prostriedkov. Strune povedan, Eurpska komisia m tyri hlavn funkcie: 1. Navrhovanie prvnych predpisov Parlamentu a Rade; 2. Riadenie a uskutoovanie politk a rozpotu E; 3. Zabezpeovanie sladu s prvom E (spolu so Sdnym dvorom); 4. Zastupovanie E v medzinrodnch vzahoch; (http://ec.europa.eu/about/index_pt.htm)

4.3 loha Eurpskej komisie

Ochrana zmlv Iniciatva

Legislatva

Politiky

Konanie

Riadenie

Sledovanie

Uskutoovanie

Dialg a reprezentcia

vo svete

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4.4 truktra Eurpskej komisie Vychdzajc z rznych povinnost a vkonov Komisie v rznych oblastiach innosti, eurpskych politk a iniciatv je jej truktra rozdelen do tvarov Generlnych riaditestiev (DG), ktor konaj v spojen so veobecnmi a pecializovanmi slubami. Generlne riaditestv rovnako ako agentry a nadcie zriaden Komisiou, s uveden niie. Vetky uveden informcie a viac je mon njs na: (http://www.etui.org), http://ec.europa.eu/about/ds_en.htm

1. tvary - Generlne riaditestv Veobecn sluby

Central Library stredn kninica Communication (COMM) - Komunikcia European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) Europ. rad pre boj proti podvodom Eurostat (ESTAT) Eurpsky tatistick rad Historical archives Historick archvy Joint Research Centre (JRC) Spolon vskumn stredisko Publications Office (OP) rad pre vydvanie radnch publikci Secretariat General (SG) Generlny sekretarit

Politiky

Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI) - Ponohospodrstvo a rozvoj vidieka

Budget (BUDG) - Rozpoet Climate Action (CLIMA) Oblas klmy Competition (COMP) Hospodrska sa Economic and Financial Affairs (ECFIN) Hospodrske a finann

zleitosti Education and Culture (EAC) Vzdelvanie a kultra Employment, Social Affairs, and Inclusion (EMPL) Zamestnanos, socilne

zleitosti a zalenenie Energy (ENER) - Energetika Enterprise and Industry (ENTR) Podnikanie a priemysel Environment (ENV) ivotn prostredie Health and Consumers (SANCO) Zdravie a ochrana spotrebiteov Home Affairs (HOME) Vntorn zleitosti Information Society and Media (INFSO) Informan spolonos a mdi Internal Market and Services (MARKT) Vntorn trh a sluby Justice (JUST) - Spravodlivos Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MARE) Nmorn zleitosti a rybn

hospodrstvo Mobility and Transport (MOVE) Mobilita a doprava Regional Policy (REGIO) Regionlna politika Research and Innovation (RTD) Vskum a inovcie Taxation and Customs Union (TAXUD) Dane a coln nia

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Vonkajie vzahy Enlargement (ELARG) - Rozrenie EuropeAid Development & Cooperation (DEVCO) EuropeAid rozvoj a spoluprca Foreign Policy Instruments Service (EEAS) - Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) Humanitrna pomoc a civiln obrana Trade (TRADE) - Obchod

Vntorn sluby

Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA) rad eurpskych politickch poradcov European Commission Data Protection Officer - Human Resources and Security (HR) udsk zdroje a bezpenos Informatics (DIGIT) - Informatika Infrastructures and Logistics - Brussels (OIB) - Infratruktra a logistika - Brusel Infrastructures and Logistics - Luxembourg (OIL) - Infratruktra a logistika - Luxemburg Internal Audit Service (IAS) - Sluba pre vntorn audit Interpretation (SCIC) - Tlmoenie Translation (DGT) - Preklady Legal Service (SJ) Prvny servis

2. Decentralizovan agentry

V E existuje cez 30 agentr psobiacich v rznych lenskch ttoch , ktor maj kov lohu v oblasti implementcie verejnch politk, a vykonvaj technick, vedeck alebo riadiace lohy. Zoznam tchto agentr, ich popis a kontakty je mono njs na nasledujcom odkaze webovej strnky Eurpskej komisie: http://europa.eu/about-eu/agencies/index_sk.htm, resp. http://europa.eu/about-eu/agencies/regulatory_agencies_bodies/index_en.htm

3. Vkonn agentry Primrna loha vkonnch agentr je pomoc Komisii pri riaden programov. Zriauj sa na dobu urit a musia sdli v rovnakom mieste ako Komisia. Aktulne vkonn agentry s uveden alej. 4.5 Vkonn agentra pre vzdelvanie, audiovizulnu oblas a kultru (EACEA) Avenue du Bourget, 1, B-1140 Brussels Visiting address: Rue Colonel Bourg, 135-139 B-1140 Brussels

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Tel: +32 (0) 2 299 11 11 E-mail: eacea-info@ec.europa.eu Internet: http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/index_en.php Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized enterprises (EASME) Vkonn agentra pre mal a stredn podniky Covent Garden Building Place Charles Rogier / Charles Rogierplein 16 BE-1201 Brussels Tel: +32 (0)2 292 8870, Fax: +32 (0)2 292 18 92 E-mail: erc-info@ec.europa.eu Internet: http://erc.europa.eu European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA) - Vkonn agentra Eurpskej rady pre vskum Postal address: European Research Council Executive Agency COV2 24/164 BE-1049 Brussels Visiting address: Covent Garden Building, Place Rogier 16 B-1210 Brussels E-mail: erc-info@ec.europa.eu (Press matters: rtd-erc-press@ec.europa.eu) Internet: http://erc.europa.eu Consumers, Health and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA) - Vkonn agentra pre spotrebiteov, zdravie a potraviny DROSBACH building, 12, rue Guillaume Kroll L-1822 Luxembourg Tel: +352 4301 32015, Fax: +352 4301 30359 E-mail: eahc@ec.europa.eu Internet: http://ec.europa.eu/eahc/ Research Executive Agency (REA) Vkonn agentra pre vskum Covent Garden Place Charles Rogier/Charles Rogierplein 16 B-1210 Bruxelles/Brussel Internet: http://ec.europa.eu/research/rea/index.cfm?pg=home Innovation & Network Executive Agency (INEA) / Vkonn agentra pre inovcie a siete Visiting address: Chausse de Wavre 910 B-1040 Brussels Enquiries: http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/ General questions: inea@ec.europa.eu Internet : http://inea.ec.europa.eu/

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Stratgia 2020 10 rokov stratgie rastu

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5 Stratgia Eurpa 2020 stratgia 10 rokov rastu 5.1. Priority Stratgia desa rokov rastu nem len pokry ekonomick krzu, ktor sa rozrila do mnohch krajn, ale je to model rastu, ktor chba v niektorch astiach pre vytvorenie rozumnejieho, viac udratenejieho a viac inkluzvneho rastu.

Pretoe sasn krza takmer vyerpala vinu rezerv, stva sa to ete dleitejie. Eurpa mus kona:

Inovcie: Vdavky na vskum a vvoj v Eurpe s menej ako 2%, v porovnan s 2.6% v USA a 3.4% v Japonsku, predovetkm v dsledku nich objemov skromnch investci. Je to nielen absoltna vka vdavkov na vskum a vvoj, ktor sa pota - Eurpa sa potrebuje sstredi na dopad a zloenie vdavkov na vskum a zlepi podmienky skromnho sektora v svislosti s VaV v E. Nzky je podiel high-tech podnikov.

Vchova, kolenie a celoivotn vzdelvanie: tvrtina vetkch iakov m nedostaton schopnosti tania, jeden zo siedmich mladch ud ukon vzdelvanie a odborn prpravu prli skoro. Pribline 50% dosiahne stredn rove kvalifikcie, ale tento poet asto nesta na uspokojenie poiadaviek trhu prce. Menej ako jedna z troch osb vo veku 25-34 rokov m vysokokolsk vzdelanie, v porovnan s 40% v USA a viac ne 50% v Japonsku. Poda indexu Shanghai, iba dve eurpske univerzity s vo svetovej top 20 univerzt.

Digitlna spolonos: Celosvetov dopyt po informanch a komunikanch technolgich je trh v hodnote 2 000 milird, ale len tvrtina z toho pochdza z eurpskych podnikov. Eurpa zaostva aj v oblasti vysokorchlostnho internetu, o ovplyvuje jej schopnos inovova, a to vrtane a najm vo vidieckych oblastiach, ako aj v oblasti renia on-line vedomost a on-line predaja tovarov a sluieb.

Preto bola vytvoten Stratgia pre inteligentn, udraten a inkluzvny rast. Priority stratgie s vymani sa z hospodrskej krzy a vytvori vhodn podmienky pre vyiu zamestnanos. Tento cie sa dosiahne prostrednctvom rastu a zlepenia vzdelvania a udratenosti. Rast bude: Rozumn, inteligentn, prostrednctvom efektvnejch investci do: a) vzdelvania - podporovanm ud ui sa a zskava alie zrunosti, b) vskum a inovcie - prostrednctvom vytvrania novch produktov a sluieb, ktor pomhaj rastu a zlepovaniu pracovnch prleitost c) digitlnej spolonosti - pomocou technolgi pre komunikciu a zskavanie informci Udraten, prostrednctvom ekonomiky, ktor sa zameriava na zlepenie energetickej innosti a vroby, na ochranu ivotnho prostredia, a poskytuje efektvne zdroje prostrednctvom: a) Redukcie emisi uhlka b) Rozvojom zelench technolgi c) Zavdzanm inteligentnch elektrickch siet

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d) zvyovania konkurencieschopnosti malch a strednch vrobnch podnikov prostrednctvom E siet e) zlepenia podnikateskho prostredia f) informovania spotrebiteov s cieom lepie sa rozhodova Inkluzvny, prostrednctvom zniovania chudoby a vytvrania novch pracovnch miest a to hlavne: a) vytvranie novch a lepch pracovnch miest pre eny a starie osoby, ktor zvia mieru zamestnanosti b) pomoc uom zvlda zmeny tm, e zlepia svoje vedomosti a zrunosti c), modernizcioa systmu trhu prce a socilnych systmov d) zabezpeenie, e rast sa dosiahne po celej Eurpe Web: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:2020:FIN:EN:PDF

5.2. Ciele Pre sledovanie pokroku napania stratgie bolo pre Eurpu stanovench 5 cieov :

Cie Cieov hodnota

Miera zamestnanosti

75% miera zamestnanosti pre ud vo veku 20-64 rokov

Investcie do vskumu a vvoja

3% podiel HDP E investova do vskumu a vvoja

Klimatick zmena a energetick udratenos

Obmedzenie emisie sklenkovch plynov o 20% v porovnan s

rovou 1990 (alebo a 30% ak s vhodn podmienky)

20% energie z obnovitench zdrojov

20% zvi energetick

efektivitu

Vzdelvanie Zni mieru predasnho

ukonenia kolskej dochdzky pod 10%

minimlne 40% ud vo veku 30-34 rokov aby malo tercirne

vzdelanie

Boj proti chudobe a socilnemu vyleniu

Zni poet osb ohrozench chudobou alebo socilnym vylenm o 20 milinov

Web: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:2020:FIN:EN:PDF

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5.3. Hlavn iniciatvy

Eurpa identifikovala 7 kovch iniciatv s cieom posilni rast a vytvranie pracovnch miest.

1. Digitlna Agenda ktor si kladie za cie pomha uom vyuva digitlne technolgie. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/

2. Inovcia v nii - o je potrebn pre ud prostrednctvom: a) posunutia Eurpy na vedeckho hra svetovej triedy b) odstrnenia prekok pre rchle inovcie (ako drah patentovanie,

fragmentcia trhu, pomal zavdzanie noriem), ktor brnia novm mylienkm a npadom dosta na rchlo na trh

c) revolunho spsobu, v ktorom bud verejn a skromn sektor spolupracova, najm prostrednctvom inovanch partnerstiev medzi eurpskymi intitciami, nrodnmi a regionlnymi orgnmi a podnikmi

Website: http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/index_en.cfm

3. Mlde v pohybe - je integrovan balk iniciatv v oblasti vzdelvania a zamestnania pre mladch ud v Eurpe a jej cieom je zlepi vzdelvanie a zamestnatenos mladch ud, zni vysok mieru nezamestnanosti mladch ud a zvi mieru zamestnanosti mladch ud prostrednctvom: a) realizcie vzdelvania a odbornej prpravy adekvtnejch potrebm mladch, b) podpora vieho vyuvania grantov E na tdium alebo odborn prpravu v inej krajine c) podporova krajiny E, aby prijmali opatrenia s cieom zjednodui prechod zo koly do prce

Website: http://ec.europa.eu/youthonthemove/index_en.htm

4. Eurpa efektvne vyuvajca zdroje - jej cieom je oddeli hospodrsky rast od vyuvania zdrojov. Podporuje prechod na nzko uhlkov hospodrstvo, vie vyuvanie energie z obnovitench zdrojov, rozvoj ekologickch technolgi, modernizciu sektora dopravy a zvenie energetickej efektvnosti. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/resource-efficient-europe/index_en.htm

5. Priemyseln politika vo veku globalizcie - m zlepi podnikatesk prostredie, a to najm pre mal a stredn podniky (naprklad zlepenm ich prstupu k verom a znenm byrokratickej zae). Sli na podporu rozvoja silnej, inovatvnej a udratenej priemyselnej zkladne, ktor doke obst v globlnej sai. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/industrial-policy/index_en.htm

6. Program pre nov zrunosti a nov pracovn miesta - zameriava sa na modernizovanie trhov prce a zlepenie pracovnch monost osb (zvyovanie kvalifikcie a flexiistoty). M pomc uom njs si prcu v inch lenskch ttoch E a lepie zosladi ponuku a dopyt na trhoch prce. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=958

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7. Eurpska platforma na boj proti chudobe - jej cieom je zabezpei socilnu a zemn sdrnos. Pomha chudobnm a socilne vylenm skupinm vstpi na trh prce a sta sa aktvnou sasou spolonosti. M 5 aknch oblast: 1. Zabezpeenie akci naprie celm politickm spektrom, naprklad na trhu prce, podpora prjmu, zdravotnej starostlivosti, vzdelvania, bvania a prstupu k zkladnm bankovm tom. 2. Lepie vyuvanie fondov E na podporu socilneho zalenenia. 3. Prezentcia silnch dkazov o tom, o funguje a nefunguje v inovcich v oblasti socilnej politiky, predtm ako zane ich zavdzanie vo vej miere. 4. V spoluprci s obianskou spolonosou, aby sa innejie podporovalo vykonvanie reforiem socilnej politiky. as osb ijcich v chudobe je uznvan ako katalyztor pre stratgie zaleovania. 5. Rozren koordincia politk medzi krajinami E bola zaveden prostrednctvom pouitia otvorenej metdy koordincie v oblasti socilnej ochrany a socilneho zalenenia (socilna OMK) a najm Vboru pre socilnu ochranu.

Website: http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=961&langId=en

Nasledujce daje popisuj vyie uveden iniciatvy a plnovan ciele:

7 V L A J K O V C H L O D ( I N I C I A T V )

Rozumn rast Udraten rast Inkluzvny rast

Inovcia v nii

Iniciatva Mlde

v pohybe

Digitlna spolonos

Eurpa efektvne

vyuvajca zdroje

Program pre nov zrunosti

a pracovn miesta

Priemyseln politika vo

veku globalizcie

Eurpska platforma na

boj proti chudobe

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5.4. Ostatn nstroje pre rast a zamestnanos

Okrem toho cel rada politk a nstrojov E mus by pouit innejm spsobom na dosiahnutie cieov stratgie Eurpa 2020. To zaha prierezov politiky a nstroje, ako s: a) Jednotn trh:

Rast a vytvranie pracovnch miest zvis od zdravch, dobre prepojench trhov, kde konkurencia a prstup spotrebiteov stimuluje podnikanie a inovcie. Niektor prekky treba ete riei, a mnoh s smerovan do vekho potu krajn v E bariry pripojenia siet a rozdiely v predpisoch a pravidlch tchto krajn. Okrem toho je potrebn podnikanie alej rozvja a podporova, pretoe Eurpa stle zaostva za Spojenmi ttmi. b) Rozpoet E (vtane regionlneho rozvoja, socilneho a kohzneho fondu): EU

fondy podporuj: Vytvranie novch a kvalitnejch pracovnch prleitost, miest Rozvoj novch technolgi Prierezov vskum Vysoko rchlostn internetov prstup Inteligentn dopravu a energetick infratruktru Energetick efektvnos a obnoviten energie Rozvoj obchodu a podnikania Vzdelvanie a zrunosti

c) Nstroje Vonkajej politiky:

E m takisto v mysle budova strategick vzahy s rozvjajcimi sa ekonomikami, diskutova o otzkach spolonho zujmu, podporova spoluprcu pri riaden a alch zleitostiach, a pri rieen bilaterlnych otzok. V tejto svislosti Komisia predloila svoju obchodn stratgiu v novembri 2010.

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Prvne dokumenty (akty) E

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6 Prvne dokumenty (akty) Eurpskej nie

6.1 Nariadenie Nariadenie je veobecne zvzn prvny akt, ktor je priamo uplatniten vo svojej celistvosti v celej E. Ke chcela naprklad E zabezpei celoplon ochranu nzvov ponohospodrskych vrobkov pochdzajcich z istej oblasti, ako je parmsk unka, prijala Rada nariadenie.

6.2 Smernica Smernica je prvny akt, ktorm sa stanovuj ciele, ktor maj dosiahnu lensk tty E, priom sa voba spsobu a metd ponechva na ich vntrottne orgny. Tak to bolo aj v prpade smernice o pracovnom ase, ktor uruje, e nadmern prca nadas je v rozpore s prvnymi predpismi. Smernica stanovuje minimlny as odpoinku a maximlny poet pracovnch hodn, ale kad lensk tt sa me sm rozhodn, akm spsobom tento cie dosiahne a ak vntrottne prvne predpisy prijme, aby smernicu uplatnil.

6.3 Rozhodnutie Rozhodnutie je prvny akt zvzn iba pre toho, komu je adresovan (napr. lenskmu ttu alebo spolonosti) a je zvzn v celom rozsahu. Ke naprklad Komisia vydala rozhodnutie o udelen pokuty pre softvrov spolonos Microsoft za zneuvanie dominantnho postavenia na trhu, toto rozhodnutie sa tkalo len spolonosti Microsoft.

6.4 Odporanie Odporanie nie je prvne zvzn. Ke Komisia vydala odporanie o tom, e systmy odmeovania zamestnancov finannho sektora by nemali vies k podstupovaniu nadmernho rizika, tento dokument nemal iadne prvne nsledky. Odporanie umouje intitcim vyjadri svoj postoj k uritej otzke a navrhn opatrenia bez toho, aby uloili prvne povinnosti tm, ktorm je uren.

6.5 Stanovisko Stanovisko predstavuje pre intitcie nstroj na vyjadrovanie nezvznch postojov t. j. bez prvnych nsledkov pre jeho adrestov. Stanovisko nie je prvne zvzn. Stanovisk mu vydva hlavn intitcie E (Komisia, Rada, Parlament), Vbor reginov a Eurpsky hospodrsky a socilny vbor. Vbory poskytuj stanovisk k pripravovanm prvnym predpisom. Ich stanovisk odraj osobitn regionlne, ekonomick alebo socilne postoje. Vbor reginov naprklad vydal stanovisko o tom, akm spsobom mu reginy prispie k dosiahnutiu energetickch cieov E. Website: http://europa.eu/eu-law/decision-making/legal-acts/

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Politick a strategick dokumenty

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7 Politick a strategick dokumenty 7.1 Zelen kniha V E, vo Vekej Britnii, Hokongu a v Spojench ttoch je Zelen kniha orientan vldna sprva a konzultan dokument pozostvajca z politickch nvrhov na debatu a diskusiu a to bez akhokovek zvzku k inom. Zelen kniha me by preto povaovan za prv krok pri zmench zkonov. Zelen kniha m vplyv na vytvranie Bielej knihy.

Dokument Zelen kniha vydva Eurpska komisia, aby vyvolala diskusiu na dan tmy na eurpskej rovni. Pozvan s relevantn skupiny, strany (organizcie, osoby), aby sa zastnili procesu konzultci a diskusi na zklade nvrhov, ktor predloili. Zelen kniha me vies k rozvoju legislatvy, o me vysti do Bielej knihy.

Zelen kniha o podnikan v E (2003), o demografickch zmench a o novej solidarite medzi generciami (2005), alebo aktulnejie Eurpska stratgia udratenej, konkurencieschopnej a bezpenej energie (2006) s prklady diskutovanch tm. Zoznam na oficilnej webovej strnke E pozostva zo vetkch Zelench knh publikovanch od roku 1993 a niektor aj skr.

Referencie: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_paper http://ec.europa.eu/green-papers/index_en.htm

7.2 Biela kniha Biela kniha je zvan sprva, prruka, pomhajca itateom porozumie zleitostiam, riei problm alebo prija rozhodnutie. Biela kniha sa pouva v dvoch hlavnch prpadoch: vldnutie a v obchodnom marketingu.

Biela kniha Komisie je dokument obsahujci nvrhy na innos Spoloenstva v konkrtnych oblastiach. V niektorch prpadoch nasleduj Zelen knihu s cieom zaa konzultcie na eurpskej rovni. Ke je Biela kniha priaznivo prijat Radou E, me to vies k aknmu programu E v danej oblasti.

Prkladmi s Biela kniha pre Dokonenie Jednotnho (Spolonho, Vntornho) trhu (1985), pre Rast, Saivos, Zamestnanos (1993), a pre Eurpske vldnutie (2001). Aktulnejia je Biela kniha pre Sluby veobecnho zujmu (2004) a pre Eurpsku komunikan politiku (2006), ktor ovplyvnili vvoj komunikanch politk E.

Zoznam na oficilnej webovej strnke E pozostva zo vetkch Bielych knh publikovanch od roku 1993 a niektor aj skr.

Referencie: http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/glossary/white_paper_en.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_paper

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Bibliografia

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8 Bibliografia Oficilne webov strnky intitci a organizci Agentry a ostatn E organizcie

http://europa.eu/about-eu/agencies/regulatory_agencies_bodies/index_en.htm

Vbor reginov http://cor.europa.eu/en/Pages/home.aspx

Rada Eurpskej nie http://www.consilium.europa.eu/homepage.aspx?lang=en

Sdny dvor Eurpskej nie http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/jcms/j_6/

Eurpska centrlna banka http://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html

Eurpska komisia http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/about/index_pt.htm http://ec.europa.eu/about/ds_en.htm

Eurpska rada http://www.european-council.europa.eu/home-page?lang=en

Eurpsky hospodrsky a socilny vbor http://www.eesc.europa.eu/?i=portal.en.home

Eurpsky parlament http://www.europarl.europa.eu/aboutparliament/en/00b3f21266/At-your-service.html

Eurpsky odborov intitt http://www.etui.org/

Akty, nariadenia, iniciatvy

Stratgia Eurpa 2020 pre inteligent, udraten a inklzivn rast http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:2020:FIN:EN:PDF

Hlavn iniciatvy Program pre nov zrunosti a pracovn miesta

http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=958 Priemyseln politika vo veku globalizcie

http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/industrial-policy/index_en.htm

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Digitlna agenda pre Eurpu http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/

Eurpska platforma na boj proti chudobe http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=961&langId=en

Inovcia v nii http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/index_en.cfm

Eurpa efektvne vyuvajca zdroje http://ec.europa.eu/resource-efficient-europe/index_en.htm

Mlde v pohybe http://ec.europa.eu/youthonthemove/index_en.htm

Politick a strategick dokumenty

Zelen kniha http://ec.europa.eu/green-papers/index_en.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_paper

Biela kniha http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/glossary/white_paper_en.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_paper

Ostatn Prvne akty E

http://europa.eu/eu-law/decision-making/legal-acts/

Spolon trh E http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/index_en.htm

Rozpoet E http://ec.europa.eu/budget/explained/budg_system/index_en.cfm

Vonkajia politika E http://europa.eu/pol/ext/index_en.htm

Histria Eurpskej nie http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/

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Vkladov slovnk - Glossary

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9 Vkladov slovnk - Glossary 1. Broad economic policy guidelines (BEPG)

Veobecn usmernenia hospodrskej politiky

2. Budget - Rozpoet

3. Charter of Fundamental Rights Charta zkladnch prv

4. Co-decision procedure Spolurozhodovacia procedra

5. Convergence criteria Konvergenn kritri

6. EU policies Politiky E:

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Common commercial policy Common fisheries policy Common foreign and security policy (CFSP) Common organisation of agricultural

markets (COM) Common Security and Defence Policy

(CSDP) Common transport policy Monetary policy

7. Europe 2020: a strategy for European Union growth (strategy, targets, initiatives) Stratgia Eurpa 2020 ( ciele, iniciatvy)

8. European institutions E intitcie

9. Economic, social, and territorial cohesion Hospodrska, socilna a zemn sdrnos

10. Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) Hospodrska a menov nia

11. European Development Fund Eurpsky rozvojov fond

12. European Investment Bank (EIB) Eurpska investin banka

13. European Union Eurpska nia

14. European Union (EU) hierarchy of norms Hierarchie noriem E

15. European Union agencies Agentry E:

European Union agencies Agencies in the field of the common foreign

and security policy Agencies in the field of police and judicial

cooperation in criminal matters Executive agencies EURATOM Agencies and bodie

16. European Union law Prvo E

17. Free movement of persons (visas, asylum, immigration, and other policies) Von pohyb osb (vzov, azylov, imigran a ostatn politiky)

18. Human rights udsk prva

19. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)

20. Natura 2000

21. OLAF (European Anti-Fraud Office)

22. Ombudsman

23. Pillars of the European Union Piliere E

24. Political and Security Committee (PSC) Politick a bezpenostn vbor

25. Qualified majority Kvalifikovan vina

26. Research and development Vskum a vvoj

27. Rural development Rozvoj vidieka

28. Schengen (Agreement and Convention Zmluva a dohovor)

29. Small and medium-sized enterprises Mal a stredn podnikatelia

30. Stability and Growth Pact Pakt stability a rastu

31. Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund trukturlne fondy a kohzny fond

32. Subsidiarity - Subsidiarita

33. Tax harmonisation Harmonizcia dan

34. Trans-European Networks (TEN) Trans eurpske siete

Treaties - Zmluvy: Treaty establishing the European Coal and

Steel Community (ECSC) Treaty establishing the European Economic

Community (EEC) Treaty establishing the European Atomic

Energy Community (Euratom) Single European Act (SEA) Treaty on European Union (TEU) Treaty of Amsterdam Treaty of Nice

35. Vocational training Odborn vzdelvanie

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DEFINCIE JEDNOTLIVCH POJMOV

Poznmka: Smerodajn s defincie v anglitine

1. Broad economic policy guidelines (BEPG)

Veobecn usmernenia hospodrskej politiky The broad economic policy guidelines (BEPG) are the central link in co-ordination of the Member States' economic policies. They are adopted by the Council in the form of a non-legally binding recommendation. However, they are subject to a multilateral surveillance mechanism which aims to ensure that Member States comply with them.

Usmernenia hospodrskej politiky (Hlavn smery hospodrskej politiky), s strednm lnkom v koordincii hospodrskych politk lenskch ttov. S prijat Radou v podobe prvne nezvznho odporania. Avak, s predmetom mechanizmu mnohostrannho dohadu, ktor m za cie zabezpei, aby lensk tty konali v slade s nimi.

2. Budget - Rozpoet All the European Union's revenue and expenditure is entered in the Community budget on the basis of annual forecasts. The budget is governed by several principles, including:

unity: all the revenue and expenditure is brought together in a single document; annuality: budget operations relate to a given budget year; equilibrium: expenditure must not exceed revenue.

The European Commission is responsible for submitting an annual preliminary draft budget to the Council and the European Parliament, which share budgetary authority. The Council adopts and communicates its position on the draft budget to the European Parliament before 1 October of the year preceding implementation of the budget. If the Parliament approves the Council's position, the budget is considered to have been adopted. If, however, the European Parliament adopts amendments to the Council's position, the Conciliation Committee is convened in order to find an agreement. The President of Parliament has the role of declaring final adoption of the budget.

Vetky prjmy a vdavky Eurpskej nie vstupuj do rozpotu Spoloenstva na zklade ronch prognz. Rozpoet sa riadi niekokmi zsadami, vrtane: jednota: vetky prjmy a vdavky sa spjaj do jedinho dokumentu; ron bza: rozpotov opercie sa vzahuj na dan rozpotov rok; rovnovha, vybalancovanos: vdavky nesm presiahnu prjmy.

Eurpska komisia je zodpovedn za predloenie ronho predbenho nvrhu rozpotu Rade E a Eurpskemu parlamentu, ktor s sasou rozpotovho orgnu. Rada prijma a oznamuje svoju pozciu k nvrhu rozpotu Eurpskemu parlamentu najneskr do 1. oktbra roku predchdzajceho implementcii rozpotu. Ak Eurpsky parlament schvli pozciu Rady, rozpoet je povaovan za prijat. V prpade, e Eurpsky parlament prijal pozmeujce nvrhy k pozcii Rady, Zmierovac vbor sa schdza s cieom njs dohodu. Predseda Parlamentu m lohu vyhlsi konen prijatie rozpotu.

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3. Charter of Fundamental Rights Charta zkladnch prv The Charter of Fundamental Rights consolidates in a single document the fundamental rights applicable at the European Union level. It establishes ethical principles and rights for EU citizens and residents that relate to dignity, liberty, equality, solidarity, citizenship, and justice. While the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is limited to protecting civil and political rights, the Charter goes further to cover workers' social rights, data protection, bioethics, and the right to good administration.

Charta zkladnch prv (ZP) upravuje a zluuje, do jednho dokumentu zkladn prva platn na rovni Eurpskej nie. Ustanovuje etick zsady a prva pre obanov a obyvateov E, ktor sa vzahuj k dstojnosti, slobodm, rovnosti, solidarite, obianstvu a spravodlivosti. Km Eurpsky dohovor o udskch prvach (ECHR) je obmedzen na ochranu obianskych a politickch prv, Charta ZP ide alej do socilnych prv pracovnkov, ochrany dt, bioetiky, a prva na dobr sprvu.

4. Co-decision procedure Spolurozhodovacia procedra Following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, the co-decision procedure became the ordinary legislative procedure of the European Union. This procedure gives the European Parliament the power to adopt instruments jointly with the Council of the European Union. The ordinary legislative procedure also includes qualified majority voting in the Council.

Po vstupe Lisabonskej zmluvy do platnosti, postup, procedra spolurozhodovania sa stala riadnym legislatvnym postupom Eurpskej nie. Tento postup dva Eurpskemu parlamentu prvomoc prijma nstroje spolone s Radou Eurpskej nie. Riadny legislatvny postup je tie hlasovanie kvalifikovanou vinou v Rade.

5. Convergence criteria Konvergenn kritri In order to ensure the sustainable convergence required for the achievement of economic and monetary union (EMU), the Treaty sets four convergence criteria which must be met by each Member State before it can take part in the third stage of EMU and hence before it can adopt the euro. Compliance is checked on the basis of reports produced by the Commission and the European Central Bank (ECB). The criteria are:

the ratio of government deficit to gross domestic product must not exceed 3% and the ratio of government debt to gross domestic product must not exceed 60%;

there must be a sustainable degree of price stability and an average inflation rate, observed over a period of one year before the examination, which does not exceed by more than one and a half percentage points that of the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability;

there must be a long-term nominal interest rate which does not exceed by more than two percentage points that of the three best performing Member States in terms of price stability;

the normal fluctuation margins provided for by the exchange-rate mechanism must be respected without severe tensions for at least the last two years before the examination.

The convergence criteria are meant to ensure that economic development within EMU is balanced and does not give rise to any tensions among the Member States.

V zujme zabezpeenia udratenej konvergencie nevyhnutnej na dosiahnutie hospodrskej a menovej nie (HM) zmluva stanovuje tyri konvergenn kritri, ktor musia by splnen

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kadm lenskm ttom predtm, ne sa me zastni tretej etapy hospodrskej a menovej nie, a teda pred tm, ne me prija euro. Splnenie sa kontroluje na zklade sprv predloench Komisiou a Eurpskou centrlnou bankou (ECB). Kritri s nasledovn:

- pomer deficitu verejnch financi k hrubmu domcemu produktu nesmie prekroi 3% a pomer vldneho (verejnho) dlhu k hrubmu domcemu produktu nesmie prekroi 60%; - mus by udraten stupe cenovej stability a priemern miera inflcie, sledovan poas jednho roka pred preskmanm, ktor neprekrauje viac ako o jeden a pol percentulneho bodu z priemeru troch lenskch ttov s najlepou vkonnosou v oblasti cenovej stability; - mus by dlhodob nominlna rokov sadzba, ktor neprekrauje viac ako dva percentulne body z troch lenskch ttov s najlepou vkonnosou v oblasti cenovej stability; - normlne fluktuan rozptie stanoven mechanizmom vmennch kurzov mus by repektovan bez vraznch vkyvov minimlne poas dvoch poslednch rokov pred preskmanm.

Konvergenn kritri s uren na zabezpeenie toho, aby hospodrsky rozvoj v rmci hospodrskej a menovej nie bol vyven a neprenali sa prpadn naptia medzi lenskmi ttmi.

6. EU policies Politiky E

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Spolon ponohospodrska politika

The CAP is one of the most important EU policies. Policy is decided by qualified majority voting in the Council and consultation of the European Parliament.

The CAP is an area in which competence is shared between the European Union (EU) and the Member States. Its aims are to ensure reasonable prices for Europe's consumers and fair incomes for farmers, in particular through the common organisation of agricultural markets and by ensuring compliance with the principles adopted at the Stresa Conference in 1958, namely single prices, financial solidarity, and Community preference.

SPP je jednou z najdleitejch politk E. Politika je prijman hlasovanm kvalifikovanou vinou v Rade a po konzultcich v Eurpskom parlamente.

SPP je oblas, ktorej prvomoc je zdiean medzi Eurpskou niou (E) a lenskmi ttmi. Jej cieom je zabezpei rozumn ceny pre eurpskych spotrebiteov a spravodliv prjmy pre ponohospodrov, a to najm prostrednctvom spolonej organizcie ponohospodrskych trhov a zabezpeenia dodriavania zsad prijatch na Stresa konferencii v roku 1958, a to jednotliv ceny, finann solidarita, a preferencie Spoloenstva.

Common commercial policy Spolon obchodn politika

The common commercial policy is one of the main pillars of the European Union's relations with the rest of the world. The common commercial policy implies uniform conduct of trade relations with third countries, in particular by means of a common customs tariff and common import and export regimes.

The Union supports the abolition of trade and customs barriers. To defend the European market, it has at its disposal tools such as anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures, the Trade Barriers Regulation, and safeguard measures.

Spolon obchodn politika je jednm z hlavnch pilierov vzahov Eurpskej nie so zvykom sveta. Spolon obchodn politika znamen jednotn sprvanie v obchodnch vzahoch s tretmi

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krajinami, najm prostrednctvom spolonho colnho sadzobnka a spolonch dovoznch a vvoznch reimov.

nia podporuje zruenie obchodnch a colnch barir. Na ochranu eurpskeho trhu m k dispozcii svoje nstroje ako antidumpingov a antisubvenn opatrenia, Nariadenie o prekkach v obchode a ochrann opatrenia.

Common fisheries policy Spolon rybrska politika

The CFP has the same legal basis as the common agricultural policy (CAP) and shares the same objectives: to increase productivity, to stabilise markets, and to ensure security of supply and reasonable prices to the consumer. Like the CAP, the CFP is an area of responsibility that is shared by the European Union and the Member States.

Common foreign and security policy (CFSP) Spolon zahranin a bezpenostn politika

The CFSP provides for the eventual framing of a common defence policy which might lead to a common defence in time.

The Lisbon Treaty reiterates the principles which govern the definition of this policy. Furthermore, it increases the effectiveness of the Common Foreign and Security Policy by entrusting the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy with the mission to implement the strategies and decisions taken by the European Council and the Council in matters related to the CFSP. In carrying out their mandate, the High Representative is supported by the European External Action Service and the Political and Security Committee (PSC).

Common organisation of agricultural markets (COM) Spolon organizcia ponohospodrskych trhov

The common market organisations (CMOs) cover around 90% of European Union agricultural production. They govern the production and trade of products or groups of products (cereals, fruit and vegetables, pork meat, eggs, wine, etc.) with the aim of ensuring steady revenue for farmers and a continued supply for European consumers. The CMOs are fundamental instruments in the common agricultural market in that they eliminate obstacles to intra-Community trade in agricultural products and maintain a common customs barrier with respect to third countries.

Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Spolon bezpenostn a obrann politika

The European Union's European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) includes the gradual framing of a common defence policy which might lead to a common defence in time. It aims to allow the Union to develop its civilian and military capacities for crisis management and conflict prevention at international level, thus helping to maintain peace and international security, in accordance with the United Nations Charter. The ESDP, which does not involve the creation of a European army, is developing in a manner that is compatible and co-ordinated with NATO.

Common transport policy Spolon dopravn politika

The goal of the common transport policy is to remove obstacles at the borders among Member States so as to facilitate the free movement of persons and goods.

To that end its prime objectives are to complete the internal market for transport, ensure sustainable development, manage funding programmes and spatial planning, improve safety and

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develop international cooperation. It is also concerned with laying down the conditions under which non-resident carriers may operate transport services within a Member State.

Since the Amsterdam Treaty entered into force, decisions have been taken under the co-decision procedure, following consultation of the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.

Monetary policy Menov politika

It is fundamental to economic and monetary union (EMU). Decision-making procedures vary according to the topics in hand:

for the issue of coins by the Member States, the cooperation procedure applies, after consultation of the European Central Bank (ECB);

for the formulation of exchange-rate policy guidelines, the Council decides by a qualified majority on a recommendation from the ECB or from the Commission after consulting the ECB;

for the implementing measures referred to in the Statute of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and the limits and conditions under which the ECB is entitled to impose fines, the Council decides by a qualified majority on a recommendation from the ECB and after consulting the European Parliament and the Commission;

for technical adjustments to the Statute of the ESCB, the Council decides by a qualified majority on a recommendation from the ECB and after consulting the Commission and obtaining the assent of the European Parliament;

for the exchange rate of the euro against non-Community currencies, the Council decides unanimously on a recommendation from the ECB or the Commission, after consulting the European Parliament.

The institutional provisions and transitional provisions have their own special decision-making procedures which are separate from those identified here.

7. Europe 2020: a strategy for the European Unions growth

Stratgia Eurpa 2020: Stratgia pre rast E The Europe 2020 was written to support employment, productivity, and social cohesion in Europe. The European Union (EU) currently faces a moment of transformation, resulting mainly from globalisation, climate change, and demographic ageing.

Strategy:

smart, through the development of knowledge and innovation; sustainable, based on a greener, more resource efficient and more competitive

economy; inclusive, aimed at strengthening employment and social and territorial cohesion.

Targets: increasing the employment rate of the population aged 20-64 to 75 %; investing 3 % of gross domestic product (GDP) in research and development; reducing carbon emissions by 20 % (and by 30 % if conditions permit), increasing the

share of renewable energies by 20 %, and increasing energy efficiency by 20 %; reducing the school drop out rate to less than 10 % and increasing the proportion of

tertiary degrees to 40 %;

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reducing the number of people threatened by poverty by 20 million.

Initiatives:

the Innovation Union, the Youth on the move, the Digital Agenda for Europe, the Resource-efficient Europe, the industrial policy for the globalisation era, the agenda for new skills and jobs, the European Platform against Poverty.

Eurpa 2020 bola napsan na podporu zamestnanosti, produktivity a socilnej sdrnosti v Eurpe. Eurpska nia (E) v sasnej dobe el situcim transformcie, vyplvajce predovetkm z globalizcie, zmeny klmy a demografickho starnutia.

Stratgia:

inteligentn, prostrednctvom rozvoja poznatkov a inovci;

udraten, zaloen na zelenom viac efektvnejie vyuvajcom zdroje a konkurencieschopnej-om hospodrstve;

inkluzvna, zameran na posilnenie zamestnanosti a socilnej a zemnej sdrnosti.

Ciele: zvenie miery zamestnanosti populcie vo veku 20-64 rokov na 75%; investovanie 3% hrubho domceho produktu (HDP) do oblasti vskumu a vvoja; znenie emisi uhlka o 20% (o 30%, ak to podmienky dovolia), zvenie podielu energie z obnovitench zdrojov o 20%, a zvenie energetickej innosti o 20%; znenie predasnho ukonenia kolskej dochdzky na menej ne 10% a zvenie podielu tercirneho stupa na 40%; znenie potu osb ohrozench chudobou o 20 milinov. Iniciatvy: Inovcie v nii, Mlde v pohybe, Digitlna agenda pre Eurpu, Eurpa efektvne vyuvajca zdroje, Priemyseln politika vo veku globalizcie, Program pre nov zrunosti a pracovn miesta, Eurpska platforma na boj proti chudobe.

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8. European institutions Intitcie E The Union has an institutional framework aimed at defending its values, objectives, interests, and the interests of its citizens and those of its Member States. This framework also contributes to ensure the coherency, effectiveness, and continuity of Community policies and actions.

nia m k dispozcii intitucionlny rmec, ktorho cieom je brni jej hodnoty, ciele, zujmy a zujmy svojich obanov a jej lenskch ttov. Tento rmec tie prispieva k zabezpeeniu koherencie, efektvnosti a kontinuity politk a innost Spoloenstva.

Main EU institutions Hlavn intitcie E:

European Parliament Eurpsky parlament European Council Eurpska rada Council of the European Union (the Council) Rada Eurpskej nie European Commission Eurpska komisia Court of Justice of the European Union Sdny dvor Eurpskej nie European Central Bank (ECB) Eurpska centrlna banka Court of Auditors Dvor auditorov European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) Eurpsky hospodrsky a socilny

vbor Committee of the Regions Vbor reginov

9. Economic, social, and territorial cohesion

Hospodrska, socilna a zemn sdrnos Economic and social cohesion is an expression of solidarity among the Member States and regions of the European Union. The aim is balanced development throughout the EU, reducing structural disparities among regions and promoting equal opportunities for all. In practical terms, this is achieved by means of a variety of financing operations, principally through the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund. Every three years the European Commission presents a report on progress made in achieving economic and social cohesion and on how Community policies have contributed to it.

Hospodrska a socilna sdrnos je vyjadrenm solidarity medzi lenskmi ttmi a reginmi Eurpskej nie. Cieom je vyven vvoj v celej E, m sa zniuj trukturlne rozdiely medzi reginmi a podporuj rovnak prleitosti pre vetkch. V praxi sa to dosiahne prostrednctvom rznych finannch operci, nstrojov, najm prostrednctvom trukturlnych fondov a Kohzneho fondu. Kad tri roky Eurpska komisia predklad sprvu o pokroku pri dosahovan hospodrskej a socilnej sdrnosti a o tom, ako politika Spoloenstva k tomu prispela.

10. Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) Hospodrska a menov nia Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the result of the process of harmonising the economic and monetary policies of the Member States of the Union with a view to the introduction of a single currency, the euro. It was the subject of an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC), which concluded its deliberations in Maastricht in December 1991.

EMU was achieved in three stages:

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First stage (1 July 1990 to 31 December 1993): free movement of capital among Member States, closer co-ordination of economic policies and closer cooperation among central banks.

Second stage (1 January 1994 to 31 December 1998): convergence of the economic and monetary policies of the Member States (to ensure stability of prices and sound public finances) and the establishment of the European Monetary Institute (EMI) and, in 1998, the European Central Bank (ECB).

Third stage (from 1 January 1999): irrevocable fixing of exchange rates and introduction of the single currency on the foreign-exchange markets and for electronic payments. Introduction of euro notes and coins.

Three Member States did not adopt the single currency: the United Kingdom and Denmark, both of which have an opt-out clause, and Sweden, following a referendum in September 2003.

Hospodrska a menov nia (HM) je vsledkom procesu harmonizcie hospodrskych a menovch politk lenskch ttov Eurpskej nie s ohadom na zavedenie jednotnej meny, eura. To bolo predmetom medzivldnej konferencie (IGC), ktor uzavreli svoje rokovania v Maastrichte v decembri 1991.

EMU bolo dosiahnut v troch etapch:

Prv etapa (1. jl 1990 a 31. december 1993): von pohyb kapitlu medzi lenskmi ttmi, uia koordincia hospodrskych politk a uia spoluprca medzi centrlnymi bankami. Druh etapa (1. janur 1994 a 31. decembra 1998): konvergencia hospodrskych a menovch politk lenskch ttov (na zabezpeenie cenovej stability a zdravch verejnch financi), vytvorenie Eurpskeho menovho intittu (EMI) a v roku 1998 Eurpska centrlna banka (ECB). Tretia etapa (od 1. janura 1999): zafixovanie menovch kurzov a zavedenie jednotnej meny na devzovch trhoch a pre elektronick platby. Zavedenie eurovch bankoviek a minc. Tri lensk tty neprijali jednotn menu, Vek Britnia a Dnsko, ktor oba maj doloku opt-out a vdsko po referende v septembri 2003.

11. European Development Fund Eurpsky rozvojov fond The European Development Fund (EDF) is the main instrument providing Community aid for development cooperation with the countries of Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP countries), and with the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs).

The EDF finances any projects or programmes which contribute to the economic, social, or cultural development of the countries in question. It consists of several instruments, including grants, risk capital, and loans to the private sector. The EDF is funded by the Member States and has not come under the general Community budget yet.

Eurpsky rozvojov fond (ERF) je hlavnm nstrojom poskytovania pomoci Spoloenstva pre rozvojov spoluprcu s krajinami Afriky, Karibiku a Tichomoria (krajiny AKT) a so zmorskmi krajinami a zemiami (ZK).

ERF financuje vetky projekty alebo programy, ktor prispievaj k hospodrskemu, socilnemu alebo kultrnemu vvoju danch krajn. Sklad sa z niekokch nstrojov, vrtane grantov, rizikovho kapitlu a verov skromnmu sektoru.

ERF je financovan lenskmi ttmi a ete nepatr do veobecnho rozpotu Spoloenstva.

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12. European Investment Bank (EIB) Eurpska investin banka Its task is to contribute to the economic, social, and territorial cohesion through the balanced development of the EU territory.

The EIB's shareholders are the 28 Member States of the European Union. The bank is supervised by the Board of Governors which comprises the 28 Finance Ministers. It has legal personality and is financially independent. It provides long-term financing for practical projects, the economic, technical, environmental, and financial viability of which is guaranteed. It grants loans essentially from resources borrowed on capital markets to which is added shareholders' equity. Between 1994 and 1999 the transport, telecommunications, energy, water, education and training sectors were the main beneficiaries.

Outside the European Union the EIB supports the pre-accession strategies of the candidate countries and of the Western Balkans. It also manages the financial dimension of the agreements concluded under the European development aid and cooperation policies. In this connection, it is active in the Mediterranean countries and in the African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries.

Jej lohou je prispieva k hospodrskej, socilnej a zemnej sdrnosti prostrednctvom vyvenho rozvoja zem E.

Akcionrmi EIB je 28 lenskch ttov Eurpskej nie. Banka je pod dohadom sprvnej rady, ktor je tvoren 28 ministrami financi. EIB m prvnu subjektivitu a je finanne nezvisl. Poskytuje dlhodob financovanie konkrtnych projektov, ktorch ekonomick, technick, environmentlna a finann ivotaschopnos je zaruen. Poskytuje piky hlavne zo zdrojov poianch na kapitlovch trhoch, ku ktorm sa pridva vlastn imanie. V rokoch 1994 a 1999 boli odvetvia dopravy, telekomunikci, energetiky, vodnho hospodrstva, vzdelvania a odbornej prpravy boli hlavnmi prjemcami tejto pomoci.

Mimo Eurpskej nie EIB podporuje predvstupov stratgie kandidtskych krajn a zpadnho Balknu. EIB tie riadi finann rozsah dohd uzavretch v rmci eurpskej politiky rozvojovej pomoci a spoluprce. V tejto svislosti je aktvna v stredomorskch krajinch a v krajinch Afriky, Karibiku a Tichomoria (AKT).

13. European Union Eurpska nia The European Union (EU) was established by the Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1992. The project of creating a Union has a long history, and was first mooted at the European summit of 1972.

The Union is both a political project and a form of legal organisation.

It is a political project in that its mission is to create an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, in which decisions are taken as openly as possible and as closely as possible to the citizen (Article 1 of the Treaty on European Union).

Eurpska nia (E) bola zaloen Maastrichtskou zmluvou, ktor bola podpsan v roku 1992. Projekt vytvorenia nie m za sebou dlh histriu, a bol najprv naznaen na eurpskom summite z roku 1972. nia je aj politickm projektom a aj organizciou s prvnou formou. Je to politick projekt v tom, e jej poslanm je vytvra stle uie zvzky medzi nrodmi Eurpy, a v ktorom sa prijmaj rozhodnutia o najotvorenejie a o najbliie k obanovi (lnok 1 Zmluvy o Eurpskej nii).

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14. European Union (EU) hierarchy of norms

Hierarchia noriem E European Union law is based on primary legislation and secondary legislation. Primary legislation is made of the Treaties, general principles established by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and international agreements. Secondary legislation is made up of all the acts which enable the Union to exercise its powers.

Hierarchy of norms within the secondary legislation:

legislative acts (Article 289 TFEU). These are legal acts adopted by an ordinary or special legislative procedure;

delegated acts (Article 290 TFEU). These are non-legislative acts of general application which supplement or amend certain non-essential elements of the legislative act. The power to adopt this type of act may be delegated to the Commission by the European Parliament or the Council;

implementing acts (Article 291 TFEU). These acts are generally adopted by the Commission, which is conferred with implementing powers; in certain cases the Council may also be called upon to adopt implementing acts.

Prvo Eurpskej nie je zaloen na primrnych prvnych predpisoch a sekundrnych prvnych predpisoch. Primrne prvo je odvoden zo zmlv, veobecnch zsad stanovench Sdnym dvorom Eurpskej nie (SDEU) a medzinrodnch dohd. Sekundrna legislatva je tvoren zo vetkch aktov, ktor umouj, aby nia mohla vykonva svoje prvomoci.

Hierarchie noriem v rmci sekundrnych prvnych predpisov:

Legislatvne akty (lnok 289 ZFE). Ide o prvne akty prijat k riadnym alebo mimoriadnym legislatvnym postupom;

Delegovan akty (lnok 290 ZFE). Ide o nelegislatvne akty so veobecnou psobnosou, ktor dopaj alebo menia urit nepodstatn prvky legislatvneho aktu. Prvomoc prijma tento druh aktu me by prenesen na Komisiu, Eurpsky parlament a Radu;

Vykonvacie akty (lnok 291 Zmluvy o fungovan E). Tieto akty sa veobecne prijmaj Komisiou, ktor je poveren vykonvacou prvomocou; v niektorch prpadoch Rada me by tie vyzvan, aby prijala vykonvacie akty.

15. European Union agencies Agentry E The agencies of the European Union are bodies set up by the European Union (EU) to carry out a specific technical, scientific, or administrative task.

Currently 29 bodies meet the definition of a Community agency, though referred to by various names (centre, foundation, agency, office, monitoring centre, etc.).

As autonomous organisations, the agencies are a heterogeneous group, with a common organisational model. They can be divided into three sub-groups according to their areas of activity, to which the executive agencies have been added recently.

Agentry Eurpskej nie s orgny zriaden Eurpskou niou (E), aby vykonvali konkrtne technick, vedeck alebo administratvne lohy.

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V sasnej dobe 29 organizci spa definciu agentry Spoloenstva, aj ke s oznaovan rznymi menami (centrum, nadcia, agentry, kancelria, monitorovacie centrum, at).

Ako autonmne organizcie, agentry s heterognnou skupinou so spolonm organizanm modelom. Mu by rozdelen do troch podskupn poda ich oblast innost, ku ktorm boli vkonn agentry nedvno pridan.

European Union agencies Agentry E:

OHIM Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs), with its headquarters in Alicante (Spain); rad pre harmonizciu vntornho trhu;

CPVO Community Plant Variety Office, Angers (France); rad Spoloenstva pre odrody; ERA European Reconstruction Agency, Thessaloniki (Greece); Eurpska agentra pre

obnovu; EMEA European Medicines Agency, London (United Kingdom); Eurpska agentra pre

lieky; EFSA European Food Safety Authority, Parma (Italy); Eurpsky rad pre bezpenos

potravn; EMSA European Maritime Safety Agency, Lisbon (Portugal); Eurpska agentra pre

nmorn bezpenos; EASA European Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne (Germany); Eurpska agentra pre

bezpenos letectva; ENISA European Network and Information Security Agency, Heraklion (Greece);

Eurpska agentra pre bezpenos siet a informci; EU-OSHA European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Bilbao (Spain); Eurpska

agentra pre bezpenos a ochranu zdravia pri prci; ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm (Sweden);

Eurpske centrum pre prevenciu a kontrolu chorb; CEDEFOP European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Thessaloniki

(Greece); Eurpske stredisko pre rozvoj odbornho vzdelvania; EEA European Environment Agency, Copenhagen (Denmark); Eurpska agentra pre

ivotn prostredie EUROFOUND European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working

Conditions, Dublin (Ireland); Eurpska nadcia pre zlepovanie ivotnch a pracovnch podmienok;

EMCDDA European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon (Portugal); Eurpske monitorovacie centrum pre drogy a drogov zvislos;

EFRA - European Fundamental Rights Agency, Vienna (Austria); Eurpska agentra pre zkladn prva;

ERA European Railway Agency, Valenciennes and Lille (France); Eurpska eleznin agentra;

ETF European Training Foundation, Turin (Italy); Eurpska nadcia pre odborn vzdelvanie;

CdT Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union, Luxembourg (Luxemburg); Prekladatesk stredisko pre intitcie Eurpskej nie;

CFCA Community Fisheries Control Agency, Vigo (Spain); Agentra pre kontrolu rybnho hospodrstva;

FRONTEX European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union, Warsaw (Poland);

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Eurpska agentra pre riadenie operanej spoluprce na vonkajch hraniciach lenskch ttov Eurpskej nie;

ECHA European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki (Finland); Eurpska agentra pre chemick ltky;

European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Supervisory Authority, Brussels (Belgium); rad pre dohad Eurpsky globlny navigan satelitn systm (GNSS);

EIGE - European Institute for Gender Equality, Vilnius (Lithuania); Eurpsky intitt pre rodov rovnos;

Agencies in the field of the common foreign and security policy - Agentry v oblasti spolonej zahraninej a bezpenostnej politiky:

EDA European Defence Agency, Brussels (Belgium), headed by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy; Eurpska obrann agentra, Brusel (Belgicko), v ele s vysokm predstaviteom nie pre zahranin veci a bezpenostn politiku.

EUISS European Union Institute for Security Studies, Paris (France); Intitt Eurpskej nie pre bezpenostn tdie.

EUSC European Union Satellite Centre, Madrid (Spain); Satelitn stredisko Eurpskej nie.

Agencies in the field of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters - Agentry v oblasti policajnej a sdnej spoluprce v trestnch veciach:

Eurojust The European Union's Judicial Cooperation Unit, the Hague (Netherlands); Jednotka pre sdnu spoluprcu Eurpskej nie;

Europol European Police Office, the Hague (Netherlands); Europol - Eurpsky policajn rad;

CEPOL European Police College, Bramshill (United Kingdom); Eurpska policajn akademia.

Executive agencies Vkonn agentry:

Executive agencies are organisations established under the Council Regulation (EC) n 58/2003. They are entrusted with the management of one or more Community programmes. These agencies are set up for a fixed period. They are located at the seat of the European Commission.

Vkonn agentry s organizcie zriaden v slade s nariadenm Rady (ES) 58/2003. S poveren riadenm jednho alebo viacerch programov Spoloenstva. Tieto agentry s zriaden na dobu urit. S umiestnen v sdle Eurpskej komisie.

Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency, Brussels (Belgium); Vkonn agentra pre vzdelvanie, kultru a audiovizulnu oblas.

Executive Agency for Health and Consumers (EAHC), Luxembourg (Luxembourg); Vkonn agentra pre zdravie a spotrebiteov.

Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI), Brussels (Belgium); Vkonn agentra pre konkurencieschopnos a inovcie.

European Research Council Executive Agency (ERC), Brussels (Belgium); Vkonn agentra Eurpskej rady pre vskum (ERC).

Research Executive Agency (REA), Brussels (Belgium); Vkonn agentra pre vskum (REA).

Trans-European Transport Network Executive Agency (TEN-T EA), Brussels (Belgium).; Trans-European Vkonn agentra pre dopravn sie (TEN-T EA).

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EURATOM Agencies and bodies - EURATOM agentry a subjekty:

Fusion for Energy (European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy), Barcelona (Spain); Fzia pre Energiu (spolon eurpsky podnik pre ITER a rozvoj energie jadrovej fzie).

16. European Union law Prvo Eurpskej nie Strictly speaking, European Union law consists of the founding Treaties (primary legislation) and the provisions of instruments enacted by the European institutions by virtue of them (secondary legislation - regulations, directives, etc.).

In a broader sense, European Union law encompasses all the rules of the European Union legal order, including general principles of law, the case law of the Court of Justice, law flowing from the European Union external relations, and supplementary law contained in conventions and similar agreements concluded among the Member States to give effect to Treaty provisions.

Presnejie povedan, prvo Eurpskej nie sa sklad zo zakladajcich zmlv (primrneho prva) a ustanoven a nstrojov prijatch eurpskymi intitciami na ich zklade. (sekundrna legislatva - nariadenia, smernice, at.).

V irom slova zmysle, prvo Eurpskej nie zaha vetky pravidl prvneho poriadku Eurpskej nie vrtane veobecnch zsad prva, judikatry Sdneho dvora, prva vyplvajceho z vonkajch vzahov Eurpskej nie a doplujce zkony obsiahnut v dohovoroch a podobn dohody uzatvoren medzi lenskmi ttmi na vykonanie ustanoven Zmluvy.

17. Free movement of persons (visas, asylum, immigration, and other policies) - Von pohyb osb (vzov, azylov a prisahovaleck politika a in politiky)

Title IV of the Treaty establishing the European Community (EC Treaty) set out the European Union's policy on "visas, asylum, immigration and other policies related to free movement of persons". These areas of action were linked to the progressive institution of an area of freedom, security, and justice and covered the following:

free movement of persons; external border controls; asylum, immigration, and safeguarding of the rights of third-country nationals; judicial cooperation in civil matters.

Hlava IV Zmluvy o zaloen Eurpskeho spoloenstva (Zmluva o ES) stanovuje politiky Eurpskej nie k "vzovej, azylovej a prisahovaleckej politike a in politiky tkajce sa vonho pohybu osb". Tieto oblasti innosti boli prepojen s progresvnou intitciou priestoru vonosti, bezpenosti a spravodlivosti a zahaj nasledujce:

von pohyb osb; kontrolu na vonkajch hraniciach; azyl, prisahovalectvo a ochrana prv ttnych prslunkov tretch krajn; sdnu spoluprcu v obianskych veciach.

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18. Human rights udsk prva Respect for human rights and dignity is one of the core values of the European Union (EU) enshrined in the Treaties. Together with the principles of freedom, democracy, equality, and rule of law, it guides EU action inside as well as outside the EUs borders. In particular, action in this field focuses on combating discrimination, racism, and xenophobia as well as on protecting vulnerable groups such as children, women, and minorities.

Dodriavanie udskch prv a udskej dstojnosti je jednou zo zkladnch hodnt Eurpskej nie (E) zakotvench v zmluvch. Spolu so zsadami slobody, demokracie, rovnosti a prvneho ttu sa robia opatrenia na rovni E vo vntri i za hranicami E. Najm akcie v tejto oblasti sa zameriavaj na boj proti diskrimincii, rasizmu a xenofbii, ako aj na ochranu zranitench skupn, ako s deti, eny a meniny.

19. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO or the Atlantic Alliance) was founded by the North Atlantic Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Washington, signed on 4 April 1949, and has its headquarters in Brussels. The EU's policy respects the NATO obligations of the Member States concerned and is compatible with the common security and defence policy, is determined within this framework.

Organizcia Severoatlantickej zmluvy (NATO alebo Severoatlantick aliancia) bola zaloen Severoatlantickou zmluvou, tie znmou ako Washingtonsk zmluva, ktor bola podpsan 4. aprla 1949 a m sdlo v Bruseli. Politika E repektuje zvzky NATO z prslunch lenskch ttov, je kompatibiln so spolonou bezpenostnou a obrannou politikou a je uren v tomto rmci.

20. Natura 2000 Natura 2000 is a set of areas in the Member States in which plant and animal species and their habitats must be protected. Protection arrangements are laid down by the "Birds Directive" (1979) and the "Habitats Directive" (1992).

Natura 2000 je sstava zem v lenskch ttoch, v ktorch rzne druhy rastln a ivochov a ich biotopov musia by chrnen. Opatrenia na ochranu s upraven poda "smernice o vtkoch" (1979) a "smernice o biotopoch" (1992).

21. OLAF (European Anti-Fraud Office) - Eurpsky rad proti podvodom The European Anti-Fraud Office has been responsible since 1 June 1999 for combating fraud against the European Union budget.

The Office investigates the management and financing of all the Union's institutions and bodies with absolute operational independence. This independence is guaranteed by:

the Director of OLAF: appointed in agreement with the European Parliament, the Commission and the Council, he/she is able to appeal before the Court of Justice of the European Union to protect his/her independence. Moreover, he/she can launch an investigation not only at the request of the institution, body, or Member State concerned, but also on his/her own initiative;

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OLAF's Supervisory Committee: responsible for monitoring the investigative function, it comprises five independent outside persons appointed jointly by the European Parliament, the Commission, and the Council.

Eurpsky rad proti podvodom bol zodpovedn odo da 1. jna roku 1999 za boj proti podvodom proti rozpotu Eurpskej nie.

rad skma riadenie a financovanie vetkch intitci nie z