manufacturing process วิศวกรรมการผลิต กระบวนการ ·...

Manufacturing Processวศวกรรมการผลต / กระบวนการ

เขมทต สคนธสงห

14 มกราคม 2555


Presentation Topics

• Civilization

• Manufacturing Process

• Development of Manufacturing Industry inThailand

Manufacturing Process 2

Stone Age


•Primitive peoples used hard things to cut and slice and to tip theirarrows, the most suitable materials being stone (typically, flint) andanimal bone. Prior to the discovery that metals would serve better,such cultures are typically divided into Paleolithic, Mesolithic, andNeolithic, for "old stone", "middle stone", and "new stone" ages.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tobago_jade_ceremonial_ax.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:National_park_stone_tools.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:N%C3%A9olithique_0001.jpg

Bronze Age

• The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper andits alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture ofsome implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands betweenthe Stone Age and Iron Age. The term Stone Age implies the inabilityto smelt any ore, the term Bronze Age implies the inability to smeltiron ore and the term Iron Age implies the ability to manufactureartifacts in any of the three types of hard material. Theirarrangement in the archaeological chronology reflects the difficulty ofmanufacture in the history of technology.

14 มกราคม 2555 Manufacturing Process 4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elam_cool.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gefuding_Gui.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bronze_cuirass_2900g_Grenoble_end_of_7th_early_6th_century_BCE.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2007_07260179.JPG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bronze_age_weapons_Romania.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prehistoric_Times_of_Bohemia,_Moravia_and_Slovakia_-_NM_Prague_18.JPG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Assorted_bronze_castings.JPG

Iron Age

• The Iron Age is the archaeological period generally occurring after the Bronze Age,marked by the prevalent use of iron. The early period of the age is characterized bythe widespread use of iron or steel. The adoption of such material coincided with otherchanges in society, including differing agricultural practices, religious beliefs and artisticstyles. The Iron Age as an archaeological term indicates the condition as to civilizationand culture of a people using iron as the material for their cutting tools and weapons.The Iron Age is the 3rd principal period of the three-age system for classifying ancientsocieties and prehistoric stages of progress.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Korea-Silla-Iron.armor-01.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dun_Carloway.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Celtic-roundhouse-1994.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Celtic-roundhouseinternal-1999.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Broborg_Knivsta_kommun_8448.jpg


Age Period Tools Economy Dwelling Sites Society Religion

Stone age

Palaeolithic

Handmade tools and objects

found in nature – cudgel, club,

sharpened stone, chopper,

handaxe, scraper, spear, harpoon,

needle, scratch awl. In general

stone tools of Modes I—IV.

Hunting and

gathering

Mobile lifestyle –

caves, huts, tooth or

skin hovels, mostly

by rivers and lakes

A band of edible-

plant gatherers and

hunters (25–100

people)

Evidence for belief

in the afterlife first

appears in the

Upper Palaeolithic,

marked by the

appearance of burial

rituals and ancestor

worship. Priests and

sanctuary servants

appear in the

prehistory.

Mesolithic

(other name

epipalaeolithic)

Mode V tools employed in

composite devices – harpoon,

bow and arrow. Other devices

such as fish – basket, boats

Intensive hunting

and gathering,

porting of wild

animals and seeds

of wild plants for

domestic use and

planting

Temporary villages

at opportune

locations for

economic activities

Tribes and bands

Neolithic

Polished stone tools, devices

useful in subsistence farming and

defense – chisel, hoe, plough,

yoke, reaping-hook, grain pourer,

loom, earthenware (pottery) and

weapons

Neolithic Revolution

- domestication of

plants and animals

used in agriculture

and herding,

supplementary

gathering, hunting,

and fishing.

Warfare.

Permanent

settlements varying

in size from villages

to walled cities,

public works.

Tribes and

formation of

chiefdoms in some

Neolithic societies

the end of the

period

Polytheism presided

over by the mother

goddess

Bronze Age

Copper Age Copper tools, potter's wheel

Civilization,

including craft, trade

Urban centers

surrounded by

politically attached

communities

City-statesEthnic gods, state

religionBronze Age Bronze tools

Iron Age Iron tools

National economy

presided over by the

government

cities connected by

roads, capital cityCountries, empires

One or more

religions sanctioned

by the state


Industrial Revolution

• The first transformation to an industrial economy from an agricultural one is calledthe Industrial Revolution and took place from the mid 18th to early 19th century incertain areas in Western Europe and North America, starting in Great Britain Derby,followed by Germany, f.i. Bergisches Land and France. This now is called the firstindustrial revolution.

• The Second Industrial Revolution describes the later changes that came about in themid 19th century after the invention of steam engine, internal combustion engine,electricity and the construction of canals, railways and electric power lines. The inventionof the assembly line gave this phase a boost.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maquina_vapor_Watt_ETSIIM.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Puffing_Billy_eight_wheels.jpg

Machine Age

• The Industrial Revolution could not have developed without machine tools,for they enabled manufacturing machines to be made. They have their originsin the tools developed in the 18th century by makers of clocks and watchesand scientific instrument makers to enable them to batch-produce smallmechanisms. The mechanical parts of early textile machines were sometimescalled 'clock work' because of the metal spindles and gears they incorporated.The manufacture of textile machines drew craftsmen from these trades and isthe origin of the modern engineering industry.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spinning_jenny.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mule-jenny.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lathe.PNG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mill_Children_in_Macon.jpg

Computer Age – Digital Era


IT Age and Personalization


Civilization in the world

Application

• Survival

• Personal Products – ruling class, noble

• Civil Works – religion, believe

Materials

• Bio-material –wood, leather, bone, ivory

• Minerals – stone, metal


Manufacture

• something made from raw materials by hand or by machinery

• a : the process of making wares by hand or by machinery especiallywhen carried on systematically with division of labor

b : a productive industry using mechanical power and machinery

• the act or process of producing something

• Manufacturing is the use of machines, tools and labor to producegoods for use or sale. The term may refer to a range of human activity,from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrialproduction, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goodson a large scale. Such finished goods may be used for manufacturingother, more complex products, such as aircraft, household appliances orautomobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers,who then sell them to end users – the "consumers".



Classical Manufacturing Processes

• Casting

• Forging

• Moulding

• Sheet forming

• Machining

• Joining

• Finishing


Casting• Casting is a manufacturing process by which a liquid material

is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavityof the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. Thesolidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected orbroken out of the mold to complete the process.

• Casting materials are usually metals or various cold settingmaterials that cure after mixing two or more componentstogether; examples are clay, plaster, concrete, and epoxy.

• Casting is most often used for making complex shapes thatwould be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by othermethods.

• Casting is a 6000 year old process. The oldest survivingcasting is a copper frog from 3200 BC.


• In metalworking, metal casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold,which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowing it tocool and solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which isejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process.

• The casting process is subdivided into two main categories: expendable andnon-expendable casting. It is further broken down by the mold material,such as sand or metal, and pouring method, such as gravity, vacuum, or lowpressure.


Ceramics casting• Plaster itself may be cast, as can other chemical setting materials

such as concrete or plastic resin - either using single-use wastemolds as noted above or multiple-use 'piece' molds, or molds madeof small ridged pieces or of flexible material such as latex rubber.

• By casting concrete, rather than plaster, it is possible to createsculptures, fountains, or seating for outdoor use. A simulation ofhigh-quality marble may be made as composite materials, usingcertain chemically-set plastic resins with powdered stone added forcoloration, often with multiple colors worked in.

• The latter is a common means of making attractive washstands,washstand tops and shower stalls, with the skilled working ofmultiple colors resulting in simulated staining patterns as is oftenfound in natural marble or travertine

.


• Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localizedcompressive forces. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which itis performed: "cold", "warm", or "hot" forging. Forged parts can range in weight fromless than a kilogram to 580 metric tons. Forged parts usually require further processingto achieve a finished part

• Hammering by using hammer, hardy and anvil tools or bottom tools,are metalworking tools used in anvils. A hardy has a square shank, which prevents itfrom rotating when placed in the anvil's hardy hole. The term "hardy", used alone,refers to a hot cutting chisel used in the square hole of the anvil. Other bottomtools are identified by function. Typical hardy tools include chisels and bending drifts.They are generally used with a matching top tool. Different hardy tools are used toform and cut metal such as sheet metal forming by hand.

• The swage is used to make metal round for final use as nails, bolts, rods or rivets. Thefuller is used to help bend metal, and make dents and shoulders. Many hardy shapeshave corresponding hammer shapes to help form metal, for example a "V"-shapedfuller is used with an inverted "V"-shaped hammer to form iron into an angle shape.


Forging


Cutting, Joining and Finishing

• Cut material by simple machine

– Saw, Drill, Shaper, Lathe, Planner

• Joint by natural adhesive, pin

• Coat by natural enamel

– Lacquer



Finishing by hand tools


Finishing by Machines


• Conventional machining is a form of subtractive manufacturing, in which acollection of material-working processes utilizing power-driven machine tools, suchas saws, lathes, milling machines, and drill presses, are used with a sharp cuttingtool to physically remove material to achieve a desired geometry. Machining is a partof the manufacture of many metal products, but it can also be used on materialssuch as wood, plastic, ceramic, and composites.

• A lathe is a machine tool which rotates the workpiece on its axis to perform variousoperations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation with tools thatare applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry about an axisof rotation.

• Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, and glassworking.Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the potter'swheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to producemost solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamentallathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The materialcan be held in place by either one or two centers, at least one of which can bemoved horizontally to accommodate varying material lengths. Other workholdingmethods include clamping the work about the axis of rotation using a chuck orcollet, or to a faceplate, using clamps or dogs.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotation

Basic Machine Tools



From craft to Agile

• The machine that changed the world

– The challenge of change

• The only certainty is change

– The massive increase in competition with many moreproviders of goods and services.

– ‘globalization and Free Trade Area’ means simply handfulof firms in the advanced industrialized nations invadinginto largely dependent and captive colonial/imperialmarkets.

• Keeping customer satisfaction

– Cost and price still matter



Industry & Engineer

Industry means any particular branch of productive enterprise or a largescale business activity. Industry needs skill, cleverness, steady effort andconstant diligence in application of systematic work and habitual employment.

Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring andapplying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge,in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materialsand processes.

• An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned withapplying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutionsfor technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines andsystems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, safety andcost. The word engineer is derived from the Latin roots ingeniare ("tocontrive, devise") and ingenium ("cleverness").

• Engineers are grounded in applied sciences, and their work in research anddevelopment is distinct from the basic research focus of scientists. The workof engineers forms the link between scientific discoveries and theirsubsequent applications to human needs.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin

Manufacturing system

• Craft

• Mass Production

• Flexible Manufacturing System

• Mass Customization


Mass Production• Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized

products, including and especially on assembly lines. The concepts of massproduction are applied to various kinds of products, from fluids andparticulates handled in bulk (such as food, fuel, chemicals, and minedminerals) to discrete solid parts (such as fasteners) to assemblies of suchparts (such as household appliances and automobiles).

• The term mass production was defined in a 1926 article in the EncyclopædiaBritannica supplement that was written based on correspondence with FordMotor Co. The New York Timesused the term in the title of an article thatappeared before publication of the Britannica article. It was also referenced bySir Chiozza Money, the Fabian banker, politician and author, writing in theLondon Observer in 1919, comparing the efficiency of mass-productiontechniques as used in America with British practice.


Bio materials• Wood

• Latex – natural rubber, lacquer, Shellack

• Leather

• Bone, Horn, Ivory

• Biodegradable Plastics – starch, lactic, sugarferment



Mineral material

• Metal & Alloys– Ferrous Metal & Alloys

– Non ferrous & Alloys – Al Mg Cu Ni Ti

• Polymers– Thermoplastics

– Thermosetting Plastics

– Elastomers – synthetic rubber, silicon, polyurethane

• Ceramic (compounds of metallic & non metallic elements)

– Oxide, carbides, nitrides

– Silica, Glass

– Graphite

– Diamond

• Semiconductor – C, Si, Ge, AlSb, AlAs, GaAs, BoAsManufacturing Process 30


Eutectics bonding

Microelectromechanical System

Nanoelectromechanical SystemDip Pen Nanolithography



From Hand tools to intelligentmanufacturing

• The trend to integrated automation

– Innovation in manufacturing took place since stone age as newand better ways of doing things are discovered and developed.

– There is qualitative difference between innovations with ‘doingwhat we’ve always done but a little better’.

– The ‘substitution process’ shifts to an ‘intelligent controller’.

• Computer-integrated manufacturing

– Integration of different elements became greater than the sumof its parts.

– ‘more of the same but a little better’ become faster, moreaccurate, a broad front of quality, flexibility, productivity etc.

– ‘NC’ moved to ‘CNC/DNC’ to ‘FMS’ and finally artificialintelligence.

– EDI is used to speed the flow of information for better decisionand planning.


Sheet forming• Press process

– Stamping, Blanking, shearing, trimming, piercing

– Drawing

– Deep draw, bending

• Rolling


• Drop forging is a process used to shape metal into complex shapes by dropping aheavy hammer with a die on its face onto the work piece. The workpiece is placed intothe forge. Then the impact of a hammer causes the heated material, which is verymalleable, to conform to the shape of the die and die cavities. Typically only one die isneeded to completely form the part. The extra space between the die faces is calledthe flash. It acts as a relief valve for the extreme pressure produced by the closing ofthe die halves but is eventually trimmed off of the finished part.


Forging Machine


• Die casting is a metal casting process that is characterized by forcingmolten metal under high pressure into a mold cavity. The mold cavity iscreated using two hardened tool steel dies which have been machined intoshape and work similarly to an injection mold during the process. Most diecastings are made from non-ferrous metals, specifically zinc, copper,aluminium, magnesium, lead, pewter and tin based alloys. Depending on thetype of metal being cast, a hot- or cold-chamber machine is used.

• High Pressure Casting

• Low Pressure Casting

• Gravity Casting


Molding• Molding or moulding is the process of manufacturing

by shaping pliable raw material using a rigid frame ormodel called a pattern.

• A mold or mould is a hollowed-out block that is filledwith a liquid like plastic, glass, metal, or ceramic rawmaterials. The liquid hardens or sets inside the mold,adopting its shape.

• A mold is the opposite of a cast.

• The manufacturer who makes the molds is called themoldmaker.


• Compression molding is a method of molding in which the molding material,generally preheated, is first placed in an open, heated mold cavity. The mold is closedwith a top force or plug member, pressure is applied to force the material into contactwith all mold areas, while heat and pressure are maintained until the molding materialhas cured.

• The process employs thermosetting resins in a partially cured stage, either in the formof granules, putty-like masses, or preforms. Compression molding is a high-volume,high-pressure method suitable for molding complex, high-strength fiberglassreinforcements. Advanced composite thermoplastics can also be compression moldedwith unidirectional tapes, woven fabrics, randomly oriented fiber mat or choppedstrand.

• The advantage of compression molding is its ability to mold large, fairly intricate parts.compression molding often provides poor product consistency and difficulty incontrolling flashing, and it is not suitable for some types of parts.

• Compression molding was first developed to manufacture composite parts for metalreplacement applications, compression molding is typically used to make larger flat ormoderately curved parts. This method of molding is greatly used in manufacturingautomotive parts such as hoods, fenders, scoops, spoilers, as well as smaller moreintricate parts.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putty

• Injection molding is a manufacturing process for producing parts from boththermoplastic and thermosetting plastic materials. Material is fed into a heatedbarrel, mixed, and forced into a mold cavity where it cools and hardens to theconfiguration of the cavity.

• After a product is designed, molds are made by a moldmaker from metal,usually either steel or aluminum, and precision-machined to form the featuresof the desired part. Injection molding is widely used for manufacturing avariety of parts, from the smallest component to entire body panels of cars,one-piece chairs and small tables, storage containers, mechanical parts, andmost other plastic products available today.

• Injection molding is the most common method of part manufacturing. It isideal for producing high volumes of the same object. Some advantages ofinjection molding are high production rates, repeatable high tolerances, theability to use a wide range of materials, low labor cost, minimal scrap losses,and little need to finish parts after molding. Some disadvantages of thisprocess are expensive equipment investment, potentially high running costs,and the need to design moldable parts.


• Blow molding (also known as blow moulding or blow forming) is amanufacturing process by which hollow plastic parts are formed. In general,there are three main types of blow molding: extrusion blow molding,injection blow molding, and stretch blow molding. The blow molding processbegins with melting down the plastic and forming it into a parison orpreform. The parison is a tube-like piece of plastic with a hole in one end inwhich compressed air can pass through.

• The parison is then clamped into a mold and air is pumped into it. The airpressure then pushes the plastic out to match the mold. Once the plastic hascooled and hardened the mold opens up and the part is ejected.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molding_(process)

• Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectionalprofile. A material is pushed or drawn through a die of the desired cross-section.

• The two main advantages of this process over other manufacturing processesare its ability to create very complex cross-sections and work materials thatare brittle, because the material only encounters compressive and shearstresses. It also forms finished parts with an excellent surface finish.

• Extrusion may be continuous or semi-continuous The extrusion process canbe done with the material hot or cold.

• Commonly extruded materials include metals, polymers, ceramics, concreteand foodstuffs.

.



Thermoforming is a manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a pliableforming temperature, formed to a specific shape in a mold, and trimmed to create ausable product. The sheet, or "film" when referring to thinner gauges and certainmaterial types, is heated in an oven to a high-enough temperature that it can bestretched into or onto a mold and cooled to a finished shape.

In its simplest form, a small tabletop or lab size machine can be used to heat small cutsections of plastic sheet and stretch it over a mold using vacuum. This method is oftenused for sample and prototype parts. In complex and high-volume applications, verylarge production machines are utilized to heat and form the plastic sheet and trim theformed parts from the sheet in a continuous high-speed process, and can producemany thousands of finished parts per hour depending on the machine and mold sizeand the size of the parts being formed.


Machining center• A milling machine is a machine tool used to machine solid materials. Milling machines

are often classed in two basic forms, horizontal and vertical, which refers to theorientation of the main spindle. Both types range in size from small, bench-mounteddevices to room-sized machines. Unlike a drill press, which holds the workpiecestationary as the drill moves axially to penetrate the material, milling machines alsomove the workpiece radially against the rotating milling cutter, which cuts on its sides aswell as its tip. Workpiece and cutter movement are precisely controlled to less than0.001 in (0.025 mm), usually by means of precision ground slides and leadscrews oranalogous technology. Milling machines may be manually operated, mechanicallyautomated, or digitally automated via computer numerical control (CNC).

• Machining Center is CNC Milling machine with automatic tool changer. Cutter are rotatedvertically or horizontally while workpiece can be controlled to move up to 5 axisreference with spindle axis. The cutters will be changed by automatic tool changermechanism to finish the multi-process cutting.

• Turning Center is CNC Lathe with automatic tool changer. Work is rotated horizontally orvertically while the cutters will be fed to cut the workpiece in several position


• A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a manufacturing system in which there is someamount of flexibility that allows the system to react in the case of changes, whether predictedor unpredicted. This flexibility is generally considered to fall into two categories, which bothcontain numerous subcategories.

• The first category, machine flexibility, covers the system's ability to be changed to produce newproduct types, and ability to change the order of operations executed on a part. The secondcategory is called routing flexibility, which consists of the ability to use multiple machines toperform the same operation on a part, as well as the system's ability to absorb large-scalechanges, such as in volume, capacity, or capability.

• Most FMS systems consist of three main systems. The work machines which are oftenautomated CNC machines are connected by a material handling system to optimize parts flowand the central control computer which controls material movements and machine flow.

• The main advantages of an FMS is its high flexibility in managing manufacturing resources liketime and effort in order to manufacture a new product. The best application of an FMS is foundin the production of small sets of products like those from a mass production.

• Production Cell


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexibility_(engineering)


Joining Process

• Welding– Fusion Welding - Gas, Arc, Electron beam etc.

– Solid state welding

– Resistance – spot, seam, friction

– Brazing (450degree), Soldering (below400degree)

– Ultrasonic

• Adhesive Bonding

• Mechanical Fastening– Bolts and Nuts

– Rivetting



Seam welding

Laser welding

Friction welding

Plasma weldingUltrasonic welding



Surface Finishing

• Surface treatment– Mechanical surface treatment

• shot peening, roller burnishing, barrel finishing

– Case Hardening and Hard Facing• Carburizing, nitriding

– Thermal Spraying, Vapor deposition, ion implantation

• Surface Coating– painting

– Plating

– Anodizing

– Porcelain Enamel, ceramics coating



Shot peening

Barrel Finishing

Burnishing Drill



Precision shaping process• Much of modern day machining is carried out by computer numerical control (CNC).

Computers are used to control the movement and operation of mills, lathes, andvariety of other cutting machines.

• The precise meaning of the term "machining" has evolved over the past two centuriesas technology has advanced. During the Machine Age, it referred to the "traditional"machining processes, such as turning, boring, drilling, milling, broaching, sawing,shaping, planing, reaming, and tapping, or grinding. The term "machining" withoutqualification usually implies conventional machining and the removal of material

• The advent of new technologies such as electrical discharge machining, electrochemicalmachining, electron beam machining, photochemical machining, and ultrasonicmachining. These processes can be used to differentiate the classic technologies, therecent proliferation of additive manufacturing technologies, while conventionalmachining has been classified as a subtractive manufacturing method. In narrowcontexts, additive and subtractive methods may compete with each other. Eachmethod has its own advantages over the other. While additive manufacturing methodscan produce very intricate prototype designs impossible to replicate by machining,strength and material selection may be limited.


Advanced Machining Process

• Electron beam machining is a process where high-velocity electronsconcentrated into a narrow beam are directed toward the workpiece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. EBM can be usedfor very accurate cutting or boring of a wide variety of metals.Surface finish is better and kerf width is narrower than those forother thermal cutting processes.


Advanced Machining Process

• Micromachining starts with a silicon wafer or other substrate andgrows layers on top. These layers are selectively etched byphotolithography and either a wet etch involving an acid or a dryetch involving an ionized gas, or plasma. Dry etching cancombine chemical etching with physical etching, or ionbombardment of the material. Surface micromachining caninvolve as many layers as is needed with a different mask(producing a different pattern) on each layer. Modern integratedcircuit fabrication uses this technique and can use dozens oflayers, approaching 100. Micromachining is a younger technologyand usually uses no more than 5 or 6 layers. Surfacemicromachining uses developed technology (although sometimesnot enough for demanding applications)which is very repeatable

for volume production.

• Nanolithography is the branchof nanotechnology concerned with the study andapplication of fabricating nanometer-scale structures,meaning patterns with at least one lateral dimensionbetween the size of an individual atom and approximately100 nm. Nanolithography is used during the fabricationof leading-edge semiconductor integratedcircuits (nanocircuitry) or nanoelectromechanical systems(NEMS).


Rapid Manufacturing• Rapid prototype – Liquid, Powder, Solid

– Additive processes

– Subtractive processes

• 3D printing is a phrase used to describe the process of creating threedimensional objects from digital file using a materials printer, in a manner similar toprinting images on paper. The term is most closely associated with additivemanufacturing technology, where an object is created by laying down successivelayers of material. Recently the term is increasingly being used to describe all typesof additive manufacturing processes, or event other types of rapidprototyping technology.

• Since 2003 there has been large growth in the sale of 3D printers. Additionally, thecost of 3D printers has gone down. The technology also finds use in the fields ofjewelry, footwear, industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction(AEC), automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education, geographicinformation systems, civil engineering, and many others.


Unmanned production system

• CAD – to design workpiece or cutter

• CAM – to manufacture workpiece to finishproduct

• CAE – to facilitate manufacturing processas inspection, categorize, logistic handlingetc.



From Hand to high involvement

• ‘manufacture’ means to make by hand.

• Craftsmen produce the things people wanted-shoes,knives, crockery.

• Population grew and demand increased, createsopportunities to innovate production methods-toolsused, method even power source.

• Industrial revolution was massive acceleration, fuelled bysteam power and by increasingly smart uses of materialslike cast iron.

• Organizing and managing the process were changed i.e.the concept of the ‘division of labor’, break task into thesmaller, specialized task performed by a skilled workeror special machine, productivity could be maximized.



From Hand to high involvement

• Splitting tasks up and then mechanizing the resulting smaller taskswherever possible to eliminate variation and enhance overallmanagerial control.

• People increasingly involved as only one of several ‘factors ofproduction’ and in rapidly mechanizing the world, often in amarginal ‘machine-minding’ role.

• The needs to coordinate different operation in emerging factoriesled to a rise in indirect activity and a separation between doing andthinking/deciding.

• Much work was done to devise ways of producing high-volumes inreproducible quality and at low prices.

• Developments in manufacturing organization and technology movedrapidly and the emergence of ‘scientific management approachmeant that skilled specialists were able to analyze and devise ‘theone best way’ to accomplish a wide range tasks.



Total Management

• Implements by various departments

• Involves every single employee, from top management to workers onthe floor

Total Quality Control

Integrate activity of each department involve to quality of product• Product & Process Design• Planning & Control• Manufacturing Process

Total Productive Maintenance

• Total effectiveness• economic efficiency or profitability

• Total maintenance system• maintenance prevention, improvement

• Total participation of all employees• autonomous maintenance by operators through small group activities



From Thing to knowledge

• Design and product development

• Procurement of different components and subassemblies.

• Logistics to get all these different bits to theright place just in time to be put together.

• Sales and distribution

• After sales service support

• Branding – telling a ‘story’ to particularcustomer groups.



• Just in time (JIT) is a production strategy that strives to improve a business return oninvestment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs. Just-in-timeproduction method is also called the Toyota Production System. To meet JIT objectives,the process relies on signals or Kanban (看板 Kanban)between different points in theprocess, which tell production when to make the next part. Kanban are usually 'tickets'but can be simple visual signals, such as the presence or absence of a part on a shelf.Implemented correctly, JIT focuses on continuous improvement and can improve amanufacturing organization's return on investment, quality, and efficiency. To achievecontinuous improvement key areas of focus could be flow, employee involvement andquality.

• Quick notice that stock depletion requires personnel to order new stock is critical to theinventory reduction at the center of JIT. This saves warehouse space and costs.However, the complete mechanism for making this work is often misunderstood.

• Major activity of JIT

– Scheduling

• Level Schedule

• Pull System

• Minimum Lot Size

– Visible Feedback

– Supplier Involvement

Lean Manufacturing



Integrated Manufacturing

• Suppliers

• Product & Process Design

• Manufacturing Planning & Control

• The production Process

• Distribution

• After sales Service & Support



From SOLO act to network

• Companies operate in a complex web involving a host of different

players – suppliers, customers, competitors, regulators, collaborators

and many others.

• Collective efficiency highlights the power of this model;

– How to manage something we don’t own or control.

– How to see system level effects not narrow self-interest.

– How to build trust and shared risk-taking without tying the process up in

contractual red tape.

– How to avoid ‘free-riders’ and information ‘spillovers’.

• The future of manufacturing innovation

– Manufacturing is a central part of civilization, Industrial revolution is an

exaggeration given huge social and economic transition involved. The

pattern persists today with major challenges in term of globalization,

customization, virtualization etc.


Mass Customization• Mass customization is the new frontier in

business competition for both manufacturing andservice industries. At its core is a tremendousincrease in variety and customization without acorresponding increase in costs. At its limit, it isthe mass production of individually customizedgoods and services. At its best, it providesstrategic advantage and economic value.

• Mass customization is the method of "effectivelypostponing the task of differentiating a productfor a specific customer until the latest possiblepoint in the supply network.

• The concept of mass customization is "producinggoods and services to meet individual customer'sneeds with near mass production efficiency". Ithas been called "a strategy that creates value bysome form of company-customer interaction atthe fabrication and assembly stage of theoperations level to create customized productswith production cost and monetary price similarto those of mass-produced products".



ระบบการผลตแบบบรณาการ


Manufacturing categories sector• Chemical industry - Pharmaceutical

• Construction Ceramics Cement

• Electrical & Electronics Appliance - Semiconductor

• Energy industry – Alternate energy, Agrobusiness, Waste Recycle

• Food and Beverage Agribusiness Brewing industry Food processing

• Industrial design -Interchangeable parts

• Metalworking Metalcasting

• Machinery

• Plastics

• Telecommunications

• Textile manufacturing Clothing industry

• Pulp and paper industry

• Transportation

– Aerospace manufacturing

– Automotive industry, Bus manufacturing, Autoparts manufacturing -Tire

– Shipbuilding



Market Market

Component,PartsEquipment

Manufacturing Layer

Supporting Industry

Capital GoodsConsumer Product

•Food processing•garment•construction•Pharmaceutical•Automotive•Electrical,electronic•Machinery

Machinery, auto,appliances parts

Chemical, metal work,Rubber, plastic,packaging etc

Steel, resin,petrochemical

Primary, secondary raw materials


Value Chain and Supply Chain

• The value chain, is a concept from business managementthat was first described and popularized by Michael Porter inhis 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating andSustaining Superior Performance.

• A supply chain is a system of organizations, people,technology, activities, information and resources involved inmoving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supplychain activities transform natural resources,raw materials andcomponents into a finished product that is delivered to theend customer. In sophisticated supply chain systems, usedproducts may re-enter the supply chain at any point whereresidual value is recyclable. Supply chains link value chains.



SMEs Linkage (ceramics Industry)

: Clustering & domestic supply-chain

Raw materials processing packaging distribution market

Ceremics industry

mixture

Kaolin mining

machinery

Design-packaging

Transport

Interior design

High Temp Furnace



SMEs Linkage (Food Processing Industry)

: Clustering & domestic supply-chain

Primary process

Non toxicagriculture machinery Design-packaging

Transport

Hotel, restaurant

Refrigerated

TestingFood processingIndustry

Raw materials processing packaging distribution market



One-third theory

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Selling Price

Opportunity

Technology&Interlectual

Manufacturing

• subcontractor

• Technology andintellectual owner

• Knowledge person &Opportunist



Innovative manufacturing

• From craft to Agile

• From Hand to high involvement

• From Thing to knowledge

• From Hand tools to intelligentmanufacturing

• From solo act to network



การพฒนาอตสาหกรรมการผลตในประเทศไทย

• ®��¦ ¦ ¤Å�¥�Ê�Â�nÃ�¦ µ��¹�¥»�Á�·��¦ ³ Á�«• ระยะหลงสงครามโลก (2490-2504)• �·��·Ê� nª ��° »��¦ �r��Â��µ¦ �ÎµÁ�oµ (Â��¡ ��µÁ«¦ ¬��·�Â ³ ��¤² ��É�1 2504-2509)• ¦ ³ ¥³ Á¦ ·É¤�o��Îµ®��Â��¡ ��µอตสาหกรรม (Â��¡ ��µÁ«¦ ¬��·�Â ³ ��¤² ��É�2 2510-2515)• Á¦ n��·Ê� nª �Ä�ประเทศ (Â��¡ ��µÁ«¦ ¬��·�Â ³ ��¤² ��É�3 2515-2519)• ¤»n�¡ ��µÁ¡ ºÉ°�µ¦ n�° °�(2520-2523)• ทศวรรษใหมของการคนพบแหลงพลงงาน (2533-2528)• �µ¦ Á¦ ·É¤�o��°�° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤�µ¦ �·�Â�o�¦ ·�(2526-2528)• การยายฐานการผลตเขามาในไทย (2529-2533)• ชวงเศรษฐกจขยายตวเรว (2534-2538)• �ª µ¤�¦ ³ ®��Ä��®µ ·É�Âª �o° ¤ (�Ê�Â�n2534)• �ºÉ�¼��É µ¤�°�° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤��µ��µ�Â ³ ÁÈ�(2537-2540)• วกฤตเศรษฐกจ (2540-2542)• มงปรบตวพฒนาผลตภาพ (2542-2544)• สรางระบบคลสเตอรและหวงโซคณคา(�Ê�Â�n2544)


หตถกรรมไทย• �µ�·Å�¥Á�È� ��¤�É¤ «· �ª ��¦ ¦ ¤¤µÂ�nÃ�¦ µ�

• ชาตไทยรบการถายทอดวทยาการผสมผสานระหวางจนและอนเดย

• Å�¥¤�nµ� ¤ º° �É¤�ª µ¤ µ¤µ¦ �¤µ¤µ��ª nµ�1,000 ป

• �µ�®��¦ ¦ ¤Å�o�¼� �° ¥¼nÄ��Å�¥¤µ�Ê�Â�nÃ�¦ µ�

• �Ê�Â�n ¤ ¥° ¥»�¥µ�É ¥µ¤�oµ�µ¥��nµ��µ�·�Ê�¥»Ã¦ �Â ³ Á° Á�¥� ¥µ¤¤¸®��¦ ¦ ¤�É¤�»��nµ¤µ�®¨ µ¥Åª o�oµ�µ¥Â �Á�É¥�

• �µ� ¤ º°�nµ�ÇÁ®¨ nµ�ÊÁ�È��·�£��r�ÉÄ�oÁª ¨ µ�¦ ³ �·¬�r��¦ Å�¥�¹��Îµเปนอตสาหกรรมไมได


ระยะหลงสงครามโลก (2490-2504)

• Ä�¦ ³ ®ª nµ� ��¦ µ¤ Ã ��¦ Ê��É °��Å�¥¤�ª µ¤¥µ�Îµ�µ�Ä��ª µ¤Á�È�° ¥¼nÁ¡ ¦ µ³ ·��oµ�É�ÎµÁ�È�Å¤n µ¤µ¦ ��·�Ä�Å�¥

• Á¤ºÉ° ��¦ µ¤ Á ·�¦ µ��µ¦ �®µ¦ Å�o�Ê�Ã¦ ��µ��·� ·��oµ�É�ÎµÁ�È�Á�n��Å¤ o��Å¢��oµหม อาหารกระปอง แกว กระดาษ แบตเตอร โรงฟอกหนง โรงงานรองเทา โรงงานทายางรถยนต

• Â��¡ ��µÁ«¦ ¬��·�Â ³ ��¤Â®n��µ�·Á¦ ·É¤ n�Á ¦ ·¤Ä®oÁ°��¤�ª µ¤ ¦ ¼o�oµ�อตสาหกรรม สงเสรมการสารวจวตถดบ และรฐจะไมทากจการแขงกบเอกชน

• ° »��¦ �rÁ�¦ ºÉ°��¦ �Á�¦ ºÉ°�Ä�oÅ¢ ¢oµÄ�Áª ¨ µ�Ê�¤�o° ¥�¦ ³ Á£��¤�µ¦ �ÎµÁ�oµรถจกรยาน พดลมไฟฟา หลอดไฟฟา จกรเยบผา วทยหลอด ตเยน


�·��·Ê� nª ��° »��¦ �r��Â��µ¦ �ÎµÁ�oµ(แผนพฒนาเศรษฐกจและสงคมฯ ฉบบท 1 2504-2509)

• วทยทรานซสเตอร ตเยน โทรทศน เตาแกส รถยนต(Toyota2505)รถจกรยานยนต (Honda2508)

• อะไหลรถบรรทก รถโดยสาร แหนบสปรง(2505)

• ° »��¦ �rÁ�¦ ºÉ°�Á¦ º°��±µ¦ r�Âª ¦ r(สกลไทย 2489)

• การสงเสรมการสารวจวตถดบในประเทศ

• การจดหาแหลงเงนทน การจดเตรยมพลงงานดานไฟฟา


¦ ³ ¥³ Á¦ ·É¤�o��Îµ®��Â��¡ ��µ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤(แผนพฒนาเศรษฐกจและสงคมฯ��É�2 2510-2515)

• จดแบงประเภทอตสาหกรรม

• ��®µÂ®¨ n�Â¦ n�nµ�ÇÁ¡ ºÉ°�Îµ¤µ�»�Á�È�ª ��»�·�

• ปญหาดานโครงสรางอตสาหกรรม

• ��®µ�oµ�Á�·��»�Â ³ ·�Á�ºÉ°

• ปญหาดานภาษอากรและการปฏบตของเจาพนกงานภาษ

• ��®µ�oµ� ·É�° Îµ�ª ¥�ª µ¤ ³ �ª �

• ¤»n�Á�É¥�Â��¦ ³ ��Á«¦ ¬��·��µ¦ Á�¬�¦ Ä®o¤ ¤�»��¦ ³ ��µ¦ ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤�

• �Îµ�¦ ¡ ¥µ�¦ Â®n��µ�·�É¤ ° ¥¼n¤µÄ�oÄ®oÁ�È��¦ ³ Ã¥��r�µ�Á«¦ ¬��·��°��¦ ³ Á�«¤µ��É »�

• �� »�Ä®o° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤Á�È��¼o�ºÊ° �É Îµ�� Îµ®¦ ��·��Á�¬�¦ �


Á¦ n��·Ê� nª �Ä��¦ ³ Á�«(แผน¦ ³ ¥³ Á¦ ·É¤�o��Îµ®��Â��¡ ��µ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤(แผนพฒนาเศรษฐกจและสงคมฯ��É�3 2515-2519)• รฐจะยดถอระบบเศรษฐกจเสรเปนหลก • ¦ ��³ Å¤n�Ê�¦ �ª · µ®�·��¹Ê�Ä®¤nÁ¡ ºÉ° Â�n��Á°��Ã�¥Á�¡ µ³ ° ¥nµ�¥·É�Ä��oµ�° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤�µ¦

ผลต (Manufacturing industry) • รฐจะไมโอนวสาหกจของเอกชนมาเปนของรฐ • ¦ ��³ �� »��µ¦ Ä�o�·�£��r° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤�°�Á°��É�·��¹Ê�• ¦ ��³ n�Á ¦ ·¤ ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤�É�·�Á¡ ºÉ° n�° °�Â ³ Á¡ ºÉ°��Â�� ·��oµÁ�oµ�É Îµ��• ¦ ��³ n�Á ¦ ·¤ ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤�É µ¤µ¦ ��Ê�Ä�£¼¤·£µ�Ä®o¤µ��¹Ê�• รฐจะพฒนาอตสาหกรรมขนาดยอมใหเจรญกาวหนาและสงเสรมในการสงเปน

·��oµ° °��É Îµ��• รฐจะสงเสรมประสทธภาพการผลตและลดตนทนการผลตในวสาหกจอตสาหกรรม• ¦ ��³ n�Á ¦ ·¤�µ¦ �·� ·��oµ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤Ä®oÅ�o¤µ�¦ �µ��Â ³ �¥µ¥�µ��Ê�£µ¥Ä�Â ³ �°�

ประเทศ• �°��µ��³ Á�o�®��° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤Á¡ ºÉ° n�° °�Â ³ ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤ ¡ ºÊ��µ�Â oª �¥��³ Å�oÄ®o

ความสาคญแกการประสานสมพนธกบสาขาเกษตรเพราะอตสาหกรรมประเภทแปรรปจากผลตผลเกษตร


¤»n�¡ ��µÁ¡ ºÉ°�µ¦ n�° °�(2520-2523)

• จดโครงสรางอตสาหกรรมและใหความสนบสนนดานเงนทน การลดหยอนภาษ การหาตลาดตางประทศและการลดอปสรรค

• การควบคมการเปดโรงงานใหมกาลงผลตเหมาะสมกบความตองการของตลาด

• Á¦ ·É¤Â�ª �µ��ª µ¤ ¦ nª ¤¤ º° ��»n¤° µÁ�¥�

• การแกไขพรบ.สงเสรมการลงทน 2520


ทศวรรษใหมของการคนพบแหลงพลงงาน(2533-2528)

• �¦ ³ Á�«Å�¥¤Â®¨ n�Á�ºÊ° Á¡ ¨ ·�¢ ° �· �o° ¥¤µ�Â ³ �o°��ÎµÁ�oµÁ�ºÊ° Á¡ ¨ ·�จากตางประเทศ

• �ÎµÁ�·��µ¦ Îµ¦ ª �Â®¨ n�Á�ºÊ° Á¡ ¨ ·�Ä�° nµª Å�¥

• พบแหลงแกสธรรมชาตในอาวไทยมปรมาณเพยงพอในเชงพาณชย

• �n°�n° Â�p Á¡ ºÉ°�ÎµÂ�p �µ�° nµª Å�¥�¹Ê�¤µÄ�o

• Á¦ ·É¤ ¡ ��µ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤�·Ã�¦ Á�¤¸


�µ¦ Á¦ ·É¤�o��°�° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤�µ¦ �·�Â�o�¦ ·�(2526-2528)

• �¦ ·¬��nµ��µ�·Å�oÂ�n��É�»n��Á¥° ¦ ¤��Á¦ ·É¤ �Ä�¤µ�ÎµÃ¦ ��µ��·� ·��oµÄ�Å�¥Á¡ ¦ µ³ ·��·�¦ ³ Ã¥��r�µ�£µ¬�É�¼�Ä�

• ·��oµ�É�Îµ¤µ�·�Á�È��·�£��r�ÉÅ¤nÁ�¥¤�µ¦ �·�Ä�Å�¥�Â�nไทยม�ª µ¤ µ¤µ¦ �¡ ° �É�³ �·�Å�o�Å¤n¤ ·��oµ�É¤�»��nµÁ¡ ·É¤ ¼�

• �·�£��rÁ®¨ nµ�Ê�o°�Ä�o�ª µ¤ ¦ ¼o�µ�ª ·ศวกรรมการผลตมากกวาผลตภณฑÁ�·¤Ç��¹É�Á�o��µ¦ Â�¦ ¦ ¼�

• สานกงานคณะกรรมการสงเสรมการลงทนไดสงเสรมการลงทนผลต ·��oµ µ¤�¦ ³ Á£��º° Á�¦ ºÉ°�¥��r�µ¦ Á�¬�¦ �Á�¦ ºÉ°�¥��r¦ ��¦ ¥µ�¥��r�Â ³ Á�¦ ºÉ°�¥��r¦ ��¦ ¦ �»�ÁÈ��Ã�¥¤ ·��·�¦ ³ Ã¥��r�É�¼�Ä�


การยายฐานการผลตเขามาในไทย (2529-2533)

• �¼oÅ�o¦ ��µ¦ n�Á ¦ ·¤Ä�Ã�¦ ��µ¦ Á�¦ ºÉ°�¥��rÁ¦ ·É¤ ¨ ��»��·��·Ê� nª ��nµ�Ç�Á�ºÉ°��oª ¥�o°�¼�¡ �� ·��·�¦ ³ Ã¥��r

• �Ã¥�µ¥Á�É¥� �µ¤ ¦ �Á�È� �µ¤�µ¦ �µ¦ �oµ�°�Å�¥�ÎµÄ®oÁ�·��µ�ใหมในภมภาคอาเซยน

• �¦ ·¬��nµ��µ�·Á®È�Ã°�µ �µ¦ ¨ ��»�Ä�Å�¥�Á¡ ¦ µ³ ¤�¼o�ºÊ° �É��Á��

• �µ¦ �ÎµÂ®¨ n�¡ ¨ ��µ��µ�° nµª Å�¥�¹Ê�¤µÄ�o�ÎµÄ®o�o��»�¡ ¨ ��µ�สามารถแขงขนได


ชวงเศรษฐกจขยายตวเรว (2534-2538)

• �µ¦ ¥o°��°��§¬�Ã�¤·Ã�Â ³ �µ¦ �É��¦ ³ �µ«Á�·��¦ ³ Á�«�ÎµÄ®oตลาดภมภาคอาเซยนมศกยภาพสงมาก

• การประกาศรวมกลมประชาคมกาเซยนและเขตการคาเสรอาเซยน (AFTA)

• �µ¦ �·�Ä��¦ ³ Á�«Å�¥�³ Á�È��Å�Å� ¼n�µ¦ �·�Ä�° µÁ�É¥�

• Å�¥¤�ª µ¤ ¡ ¦ o° ¤Ä��oµ�° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤ �� »��ÉÅ�o¦ ��µ¦ ¡ ��µ¤µ�ª nµสบป


�ª µ¤�¦ ³ ®��Ä��®µ ·É�Âª �o° ¤ (�Ê�Â�n2534)

• การผลตสนคาจะเกดการของเหลอจากการใชวตถดบและของเสยจากกระบวนการผลต

• การผลตโดยใชเทคโนโลยจะชวยใหผลตไดมากแตกสรางปญหา ·É�Âª �o° ¤¤µ��¹Ê��oª ¥

• การขยายตวอยางรวดเรวของอตสาหกรรมทาใหผผลตมงผลตใหไดมากและเรว

• �¼o�¦ ·®µ¦ £µ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤ ¦ nª ¤��ª ·�µ�µ¦ �Ê� nª ��ª ��»¤Â ³สถาบนการศกษาวจย ตระหนกถงปญหาและผลกดนรฐบาลใหออกพรบ. ·É�Âª �o° ¤


�ºÉ�¼��É µ¤�°�° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤��µ��µ�Â ³ ÁÈ�(2537-

2540)

• ° �¦ Â �Á�É¥� �»Á¥��°��É�»n�Á¡ ·É¤�nµ ¼��ÎµÄ®oÃ¦ ��µ��µ�ÁÈ�Ä��É�»n�Å¤n µ¤µ¦ �Â�n��Å�o��nµ��¦ ³ Á�«

• ประเทศไทยมวฒนธรรมการทางานและขดความสามารถในการผลต ·��oµ�°�° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤Á®¨ nµ�Ê�ÉÄ�oÁ�¥��Ä��É�»n�

• ¤ �µ��ÉÁ�È�° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤�µ¥�ÎÊµÁ�È��¼o�ºÊ° �ÉÂ�n�°�


วกฤตเศรษฐกจ (2540-2542)

• ไทยไมมทรพยสนทนในการลงทนจงตองผเงนจากตางประเทศมาลงทน

• �µ¦ ¨ ��»��É ¼�Â ³ Á¦ Èª Á�·�Å�Ã�¥Å¤nÅ�o�Îµ�¹��¹�° »� ¦ ¦ ��ÉÁ�·��¹Ê�นอกเหนอการควบคม

• �µ¦ �¦ ·®µ¦ ° �¦ µÂ �Á�É¥�Á�·��¦ µ�nµ��¦ ³ Á�«�É�·�¡ ¨ µ�Â ³ �µ¦�ª ��»¤Á�·��»�Å®¨ Á�oµ�ÉÅ¤n¦ ��»¤

• �µ¦ �µ�ª ·�¥�µ¦ Á�·�Â ³ �µ¦ �É�o°�¡ ¹É��µ��nµ��¦ ³ Á�«¤µ�Á�·�Å�


มงปรบตวพฒนาผลตภาพ (2542-2544)

• �·�£µ¡ ®¤µ¥�¹��¦ ³ ·��·£µ¡ �°��µ¦ �·�Ä�®�¹É�®�nª ¥Áª ¨ µ��

• ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤Å�¥Á�o�Á¦ ºÉ°��o��»��ÉÂ�n��Å�o�Â�nÅ¤nÅ�o�Îµ�¹��¹��µ¦ ¦ oµ�¤¼�nµÁ¡ ·É¤Ä®o ·��oµ�É�·��¹�¤�µ¦ �·� ·��oµÁ�·¤Ç

• ° »� µ®�¦ ¦ ¤��µ��µ�Â ³��µ�¥n° ¤¥�Å¤nÁ�o¤Â�È��Ê��É¤Ã°�µ ¼�

• �µ¦ ¨ ��»�nª �®�oµ�n°�Á�·�ª ·�§�· µ¤µ¦ ��Îµ¤µ�¦ ��¦ »�Á¡ ºÉ° Á¡ ·É¤�·�£µ¡ Å�oÁ¦ Èª

• การจดทาแผนปรบโครงสรสงอตสาหกรรมไทยในป 2541 ทาใหเกดการ�¦ ��ª Â�oÅ��»�° n°�Â ³ ¤»n�Á�o� ·��oµ�ÉÅ�¥Á�o¤Â�È�


สรางระบบคลสเตอรและหวงโซคณคา(�Ê�Â�n2544)

• จากแผนปรบโครงสรางอตสาหกรรมไดนามาสความคดการสราง¤ ¼�nµÁ¡ ·É¤Â�n ·��oµÅ�¥��µ¦ ¦ nª ¤¤ º° ¦ ³ ®ª nµ�Á°��Â ³ Â�n��Ä�กรอบความรวมมอ

• �µ¦ �Îµ®��ª Á°�Ä��ÎµÂ®�n��ÉÁ®¤µ³ ¤Ä�®nª �Ã�n° »��µ�(Supply Chain) ทาใหผลตภาพและประสทธภาพไดรบการ¡ ��µÄ®o��¹Ê�° ¥nµ��n° Á�ºÉ°�



Nut Cracker Effectleader

Tech

nolo

gy&

Desig

nca

pabi

lity

followerLow cost

Competitiveness

Product variation

Italy

Thai’ cultural products

Low cost competitorVietnam

Japan

Design Leader• Skill labor• High productivity

Cost Leader• Huge domestic market• Cheap labor&material

Thai industry• aim to productdifferentiation

Product design &Product differentation

Change productpositioning

China



Thai Handicrafts

TouristJewelry

wood furnitureagro-industryrubber products

electronicauto parts

Software

Bio-technologyE-commerce Engineering products

Multimedia

PlasticTextile

InvestingStrategy

StrengtheningStrategy

ExtendingStrategy

SMEs Economy Landscape in 1998

LowTech

HighTech

LE

VE

LO

FS

OP

HIS

TIC

AT

ION

HighTouch

LowTouch LEVEL OF CUSTOMIZATION


• Thai Handicrafts

• Tourist• Jewelry

•wood furniture•agro-industry•rubber products

• electronic• auto parts

• Bio-technology

•RenewableEnergy•Nano-technology

• Health Care• Multimedia•Thai Cuisine

• Plastic• Textile

•InvestingStrategy

•StrengtheningStrategy

•ExtendingStrategy

Creative Economy Landscape 2010

•LowTech

•HighTech

•LE

VE

LO

FS

OP

HIS

TIC

AT

ION

•HighTouch

•LowTouch •LEVEL OF CUSTOMIZATION

•New Materials

•New Process

•New Service



Changing face of manufacturing

• Location

• Operations

• Number and arrangement of players

• Drivers

• Technology



Location

• Location for specific categories move gradually butaccelerating in the recent years.

• Location shift to the rich sources of materials.

• Location of manufacturer change to the lowest costefficiency area.

• Location also move nearby the market place.



Operations

• Move from direct physical manufacturing andassembly to an extended network of activitiesranging from design at early stage throughvarious physical processes and assembly and outto distribution and after sales service.

• The emerging images changed from ‘making’ to‘design/make/serve’.



Number and arrangement of players

• Manufacturing requires a number of specialistsuppliers of ideas, goods and services which needto be configured and coordinated rathertributaries to a large river.

• Product like automobile are comprising of ten ofthousands of components, we have to deal withmultiplayer of multilayer.

• There are both vertical and horizontal integrationto organizing and managing extended andglobally sourcing and distributing networks.



Drivers

• Manufacturing was originally satisfying cost andquality by the users. Pricing was the dominantfactor shaping competitiveness in themarketplace for manufactured goods

• The role of ‘non-price factor’ like design, choicedelivery speed, after-sales service and indirectquality aspects are concerned.

• The manufacturers have to differentiate andprepare themselves by playing several gamessimultaneously.



Technology

• The earliest manufactures made use of simple physical tools.

• In this days the world of physical equipment has becomeimmensely sophisticated.

• Recent developments in information and communicationtechnology in the competition increasingly and played out ofvirtual space.

• Most design activity is done via computer and manufacturing isalso dominated by computer control.

• Complex support activities – coordinating of receiving, delivery,payments for parts and materials, sales-order processing andcustomer invoicing are all done with the new technology.



Generic Manufacturing

• Product & Process Design

• Planning & Control

• Manufacturing Process

‘Process Data to convey information’



Major Causes of Quality Problems

• Marketing Information

• Design Capability

• Testing Capability

• Production Engineering knowledge

• Manufacturing Technology

• Shop Floor Management Technology

• Total Quality Management Concept



Manufacturing Strategy Objective

• Shorter new-product lead time

• More inventory turn over

• Shorter manufacturing lead time

• Highest quality

• More flexibility

• Better customer service

• Less waste

• Higher return on assets


manufacturing process วิศวกรรมการผลิต กระบวนการ ·...

Documents