miscellanea iranica (schwartz)

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  • 8/10/2019 Miscellanea Iranica (Schwartz)

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    MISCELLANEA IRANICA

    by

    MARTIN

    SCHWARTZ

    I

    Among

    the

    countless interesting lexical items which

    the

    late Professor

    Henning, founder and undisputed master of Khwarezmian studies, brought

    to light is Khwar. 'ro'w, which (once) renders Arab. yul (a

    demon which

    leads

    its

    victims

    to

    a

    remote

    place

    and

    destroys

    them).

    A root

    'dral}

    Proto-Indo-European

    'dhrel}-)

    'to lead astray, deceive has been pro

    posed as the source of various Old and ~ i d d l e Iranian words, among them

    'ro'w and Khwar. 'rowe far .2 At the same

    time

    I mentioned the possibility

    that Persian

    '(,)rd'd,

    listed in

    the Fm'hang-i Su'uri,

    may be a copyist s

    error

    for (,)rd'w, a borrowing from Khwar. 'ro'w. Other material support

    ing

    the

    foregoing views will now be offered.

    The

    Khwar.

    metathesis implicit in the derivation of

    'ro'w and 'rowe

    from

    V

    dral}

    requires independent confirmation, especially since

    Renning

    showed that OIr. dr remained as Khwar. or in

    oryd' h

    'she

    reaped

    it'

    and

    orwk

    's ick?

    the

    latter from

    'adrul}aka-.

    One

    example for the metathesis is

    Khwar.

    ronb-

    'to peel, skin, husk'

    (Nluq. 86.8 mronbd'h; 230.6 mronbyd;

    395.7 mronbd'n

    only

    the

    last is fully pointed).4 In these examples

    ronb

    translates Arab. qasara and laJ;ii (the former referring to the decortication

    of

    bark and sesame pods,

    the

    latter to that

    of

    bark), all Pers.

    pust biiz

    kard.

    The

    passive

    of

    this verb is rof3s-

    (Muq.

    453.8, 466.2 mrof3st)

    =

    Arab. inqasara, taqaHara resp.,

    both Pers

    . pust biiz karde sud.

    Now,

    ronb-

    and 'rof3s- may be taken from

    OIr.

    stems

    'drumba-

    and

    1

    'Mitteliranisch',

    I

    18,

    n. I The yii/

    is

    usually

    a

    female

    creature;

    e.g. yiilathu l-yiilu

    in the Afuq passage (225.4)

    cited

    by Henning, from which it is not clear,

    however,

    whether ro w is also fern.

    For

    yiil, div, pari, jiidii and

    similar

    terms, see A. Christensen,

    Essai sur la dbnonologie iranienne, 1941,64-86.

    2 M .

    Schwartz, JRAS, Oct.

    1966,

    119-22, esp.

    p. 119.

    t

    is

    possible

    that

    Oss.

    ardauyn ' to provoke,

    stir

    up

    slander' and MPers.

    driiy- 'talk

    nonsense,

    lies;

    scream'

    (for which words

    cf.

    E. Benveniste,

    BSL

    1956,58,

    and now

    G.

    Lazard,

    Les premiers

    poetes persans, 1,1964,75, n. I) are related to the words discussed

    in

    my

    article.

    In view

    of Sogd. ziiw 'rumour,

    reputation'

    Khot. drro

    'roared'

    (?) one may consider l

    con

    tamination of two Iranian

    roots "'dral -:

    I) 'seduce'

    2)

    'make

    noise,

    shout',

    the

    latter

    from PIE 'dhrev-; for the

    latter,

    cf. J Pokorny, Indoge, manisches etymologisches W6rter

    buch, 1959,255 S. V .

    3.

    dher-, dhereu-.

    For

    Sogd. ziiy-,

    see n. 10

    below.

    8

    Zeki Velidi Togan'a Armagan,

    Istanbul, 1955 , 432.

    4 I am very

    grateful

    to Dr. D . N.

    l\1acKenzie,

    both for first

    calling my

    attention

    to the Khw ar. words

    relatin

    g to

    'p

    eeling, skinning , and for a lively

    and

    learned corre

    spondence

    on

    kind red m atters. I take sole respons ib il ity for th e p rese nt exposit ion.

    385

  • 8/10/2019 Miscellanea Iranica (Schwartz)

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    III

    : - : : - ;

    I ~ C 1111 MO lel A . \ ( ) II ' ME

    *d m

    b-sa- rcspectivcly, both from D root draub-. Such a rout is att es ted in

    Sogd . iufJa (B.

    ;71

    fJ hh; hr . *

    : lI

    'b', ohl. zwhy) 'outer laye r, pee l, husk' />

    all d perhaps also \\ 'akhi dr i

    ip-:

    dr up t ' to scrat e ,6 and Oss. Tfd ll V) ll 'to tear

    off,

    sc

    ratch', passi\'e Tfd) jsyn, and rf r/yvs t ' il scratch, an exco ri a

    tion (if

    Ta d- < *ra rd- Khwar. -r B-, one may cite tsrBwk

    (111uq, .17.

    6

    )

    carp e

    nter

    (Arab.

    naJjar,

    Pers.

    durudgar)

    < etasat-dru- 'wood-hewer'.9 t is

    now safe to assume two

    Khwar.

    reflexes of OIr. dr:

    Br and

    rB,

    probably

    5 Th is etymology of the Sogd. word (in spired by MacKenzie) is far more satis

    factory than

    the

    connexion with

    Ru ss .

    dro

    b'

    a

    fragment

    proposed by

    O. Hansen,

    AbPAW,

    1941,

    No.

    10,

    p. 22; drob'

    is

    from PIE dhre

    bh-,

    Pokorny, p. 272. Further on

    Sogd. zi5{3a, H e

    nning apud Gershevitch,

    J RAS,

    1946, 182.

    6 For this word Shaw

    ha s

    driip- : dropt, Klim

    cickij

    di/rUp- : di/ropt, and Lorimer

    (T he

    Wakhi

    Language, n, 1958, 48) d,'YP- : dr9pt; for j :

    a,

    Y see Lorimer,

    I,

    13.

    Morgens tierne, l lFL, n

    520,

    suggested that driip- is related

    to Serb.

    drapati etc., but

    th e existence of Ir. dr(a)ub- provides a pr eferable candidate, which I

    shall

    now attempt

    to

    ju stify

    phonol

    ogically.

    At least in noun

    s

    and adje

    ctives, V,>akhi

    ii does

    n ot

    seem to be the usual

    reflex of

    OIr. u,

    l

    lVlorgenstierne, n 480. But the

    verb

    mus- : most (Lorimer

    71/.as-,

    myf- :

    m9St) to steal, conceal

    is

    surely from

    the

    OIr.

    root

    mus-, which

    allows

    driip- < .druP-;

    if miis- indeed shows umlaut < m u sya- (see Morg ., p . 482), then driip- represents

    druP

    (a)ya

    - .

    The

    p

    (instead

    of

    of

    driip-

    is

    probabl

    y

    secondary, either expressive or

    contaminated .

    Rhyming

    with

    di/riip- : d i/r

    i5p

    t

    th

    ere is ci1riip- :

    oropt

    to pinch

    in Klimcickij s

    material. For

    pinch,

    tweak, sting L or imer recorded

    tSEr

  • 8/10/2019 Miscellanea Iranica (Schwartz)

    3/7

    III

    1\=" 1:-1 1111

    1I1

    0

    HIAI. VO

    Ll

    l

    ll1E

    alld

    gar

    ::

    all =

    Pers.

    zalllllllr

    (So too

    deh)

    . 1r. Amn on '\ct

    Zl r ;\

    native of

    Hahht in illln , t ells me tl1

    :1I

    in hi s mo

    ther

    dialect ' ne ttle' is

    gorze (Mr.

    '\c tzer not re ca ll he ar ing gar

    z e

    'r at '), and tha arza

    k

    is a kind of

    ::.a ll/bUr

    wi th a long body, st riped black

    and

    ye

    ll

    ow , and colourl ess

    v"

    in gs.

    H ere too wou ld belong l'\Pc rs. garzin, sa id in th e Far hang-i J ahangiri to

    mean 'arr ow', which

    the Burha

    ll

    -i Qa

    ti'

    expand

    s to

    'p

    ointed

    arrow' (iir-i

    paikall -drjr) . l'\Pers. (mar-i)

    garze

    is th erefore 'a biting sna ke'.

    The

    meanings o

    f garz-

    are thu s

    th

    e sa me as th ose of Pers. gaz-.

    That

    th e O

    lr.

    root of th e latt er is

    "gaz-, and

    not

    "gaz-,

    is sho

    wn by

    Man.

    Par th. gz - 't o bite' (of dogs) in an u

    npub

    l. t ext, l\1 92, 12b (acc. to a note

    book -e ntry of H enning), and further by i\Pe rs. mar-gaJte 'bitten by a

    sna ke' and gastan (also Kashan i), see C

    lP 1,134

    H ere we have at hand the

    root of E l r. ..gas/ra- 't ooth , mouth' (see

    1\1

    orgenstierne,

    Jl

    FL, 1I, 524;

    H e

    nning

    has

    added Khwar. ys

    't

    oo

    th'

    to th

    e

    examples):

    "gaJtra-

    is

    to

    g az - as Av.

    as/ra-

    'goa d' is to az - 't o drive'. NP ers. gazdum 'sc o

    rpion'

    is

    perh.

    a cross of ga

    z dum

    and co lloq.

    kazdum

    crooked-tail'. [grd

    /z- 'rat'